Rivers Report

Eastern Yar Catchment Area

Wroxall Stream sub-catchment

December 2012

Maps and data produced through ArcView GIS analysis and under Contractor Licence from the Council (© Crown copyright and database rights 2012 Ordnance Survey licence number 1000 19229)

Contents

Contents ...... 2 Summary ...... 3 Key management issues ...... 4 Catchment Area ...... 5 Wroxall Stream sub-catchment ...... 6 The watercourse ...... 8 The wider landscape – an overview ...... 9 Landscape change ...... 10 Detailed analysis of HLC data ...... 14 Field Patterns ...... 15 Amalgamated fields ...... 16 Assarts ...... 16 Enclosure ...... 17 Prairie fields ...... 18 Re-organised fields ...... 18 Sub-divided fields ...... 19 Horticulture ...... 19 Open Land ...... 20 Parkland and Designed Landscapes ...... 20 Valley Floor ...... 21 Woodland ...... 22 Development...... 23 Tables of data ...... 24

Summary The Wroxall Stream sub-catchment area is 1718.7 hectares in size and is one of six sub-ctachment areas within the larger Eastern Yar Catchment. It extends from in the north to Downs, Rew Down and Week Down in the south; from the ridge of Stenbury and Appuldurcombe Down, and the eastern edge of , including Moor Farm in the west to , Batchelor’s Farm, and Down in the east.

The area includes the large village of Wroxall, the suburb of Ventnor known as Upper Ventnor or Lowtherville, the large hamlets of Sandford and Whiteley Bank and a number of smaller scattered hamlets and isolated farmsteads. Part of the old Shanklin to Ventnor railway line passes through the area providing a permissive path for cycling and horseriding. The modern parishes of Wroxall, Ventnor, Godshill, and Newchurch all have land within the area.

The underlying geology of the area consists of Ferruginous Sandstone in the north of the area leading to more fertile arable and horticultural land uses, through to wetter more pastoral landscapes on Sandrock, Gault Clays, Carstone and Upper Greensand further south as the topography rises up to the open grazing land or larger enclosed fields of the Chalk of the downs in the south.

The Isle of Wight Historic Landscape Characterisation provides information on the character of today’s landscape based on historic land use and changes to field patterns and enclosure and provides information on how the area has changed through history.

The historic estates of Wroxall Manor, Bathingbourne Manor, and to some extent Shanklin Manor have had a lasting impact on the landscape of the area. Appuldurcombe firstly as a medieval priory and then as first a Tudor Manor and then an English Baroque Mansion and as the seat of the Worsley and Yarborough families with its landscaped parkland and gardens also played a major role on the landscape of the area.

In this sub-catchment area the greatest time depth is found in the small areas of ancient woodland usually located on the steepest slopes of the downland and the small meadows, pastures and wetlands close to the watercourse. The downland at Ventnor Downs is also fairly unchanged other than the 20th century military and communications masts strategically placed at this the highest downland on the Isle of Wight (240 metres above ordnance datum). Some areas of valley floor enclosure date from the medieval period.

Some parts of the area show evidence of change in the 17th and 18th centuries (through enclosure or re-organisation of field boundaries). Elsewhere change in the landscape is evident through the loss of field boundaries through amalgamation and re-organisation of fields particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries, enclosure of former pasture/meadow, waste/common/green, heathland and parkland (from the medieval period through to as late as the 20th century) to create areas for grazing or in some cases cultivation. 19th and 20th century housing and the growth of the town of Ventnor (Upper Ventnor) and Wroxall also led to loss of earlier field patterns. However, many of the public rights of way and much of the road network is an historic record of access and often marks the boundaries of individual estates or administration units (medieval parishes with parts of Arreton, Godshill and Newchurch boundaries within the area). Today the area has three distinct spatial characteristics, the downland and steep downland slopes in the south of the sub-catchment (consistent land within the South Wight Downland Historic Environment Action Plan (HEAP) Area), the pastoral landscape of the area north of the chalk up to the line of the main Godshill to Shanklin Road (consistent with the area of land within the South Wight Downland Edge HEAP Area) and the area north of this with its larger fields and greater arable land use (consistent with the area of land within the Arreton Valley HEAP Area).

Key management issues

 Historic features – there is a need to protect and conserve important historic features in woodland, farmland and associatted with the watercourse . This includes the remaining evidence of the former parish boundary between the medieval parishes of Godshill, Arreton and Newchurch.

 Woodland management – appropriate management of existing woodland for the benefit of landscape, historic environment and biodiversity will help to deal with neglect.

 Urban pressures – there is a need seek to include historic environment and landscape objectives in all new proposals for development on the urban fringe and to identify ways to manage and to ease negative impacts of amenity and leisure use of land on the edge of urban areas, through landscaping clearance of clutter and redundant structures.

 Pasture/meadow and osier management – extensive versus intensive pasture management practices are needed to minimise diffuse pollution of the watercourses and retain a traditional approach to land management and biodiversity value of pastures, meadows and osiers.

 Arable land managment – approprioate approaches to land management and farming practices need to continue or be introduced particularly in the north of the sub-catchment where intensive horticultural and arable land use takes place. In this area the watercourse has been somewhat marginalised and is often a narrow channel with perhaps a thin flanking woodland or in some places a small meadow or pasture. Ways to ensure positive management and protection of these often historic landscape/land use features in Environmental Stewardship should be secured.

 Public rights of way and the highway network – often acting as an historic record of access to the landscape and its use, these routes would benefit from continuing protection and conservation. Interpretation and increased awareness of their historic nature and linkage with estates and medieval parishes could be explored further.

Eastern Yar Catchment Area

The map above shows the complete Eastern Yar Catchment with each of its six sub-catchments.

This report is concentrating on the Wroxall Stream sub-catchment. Wroxall Stream sub-catchment

The following map shows the Eastern Yar Wroxall Stream sub-catchment area. It also shows viewpoints from which the panoramic photographs have been taken.

Location from which panoramic photographs were taken

Panoramic view from Wroxall Down. Wroxall from view Panoramic east. north looking Down Stenbury from view Panoramic The watercourse

A series of streams rise in the south of the sub-catchment, north of the chalk.

The first of these starts as a spring just north of Rew Farm at an elevation of 100 metres (AOD), this then flows in a northerly direction to the west of the village of Wroxall.

A second spring rises at Middle Barn Lane to the south of the village of Wroxall at an elevation of 100 metres (AOD). This flows alongside Manor Road past Montcrief Farm into the village of Wroxall where it is largely culverted and emerges to the west of the village to join the stream from Rew Farm.

North of this confluence the stream flows past Lower Winstone Farm under the main Godshill to Shanklin road (A3022) close to Millbank Farm and continues north past Bobberstone Farm. It is joined by a small tributary originating close to Farm and gradually veers westward to pass north of Bathingbourne. It continues westward, south of Waightshale, to join a series of drainage ditches and a small stream between Lessland and Moor Farms. The stream then leaves the sub- catchment to join the main Eastern Yar just east of Little Budbridge at an elevation of less than 20 metres (AOD).

In the south of the sub catchment the stream is confined to a narrow channel with a strip of woodland along each bank. North of the village of Wroxall the watercourse is flows through a flatter pastoral landscape with larger meadows, wetland and pasture alongside the stream. North of the main Shanklin to Godshill Road the stream once again becomes more confined to a narrow strip of pasture/meadow and on occasion to a narrow channel through a band of stream bank woodland surrounded by large arable fields.

The wider landscape – an overview

The Isle of Wight Landscape Character Assessment describes the landscape of the Isle of Wight and defines eleven distinct Landscape Character Types outside of settlement across the county. Below are listed the Landscape Types occuring within the Eastern Yar Wroxall Stream sub-catchment area:

 Intensive Agricultural Land (towards the north of the area at Bobberstone, Princelett and near Bathingbourne)  Traditional Enclosed Pasture (in the centre of the area around Sandford, Yard Farm and Winstone)  Landscape Improvement Zone (a small area in the north east corner at Branstone and Bathingbourne)  Chalk Downs (the bowl of chalk downland to the west, south and east of Wroxall)

The Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) of the Isle of Wight identifies and describes Historic Landscape Character Types based on present land use, land management and settlement patterns which reflect different historical processes in their formation. It also defines and describes the past landscape character of the Isle of Wight, using a variety of sources, in order to better understand how this past landscape character has influenced the present historic landscape character of the area.

The Wroxall Stream sub-catchment area falls within the South Wight Downland, South Wight Downland Edge and Arreton Valley HLC Areas with the detailed HLC database providing information on individual land parcels, enclosure, time depth, boundaries and othe historic environment details.

The area south of the main road at Whiteley Bank and Sandford the sides of the valley and the downland fall within the Isle of Wight Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (this excludes the valley bottom and the villages of Lowtherville (Upper Ventnor) and Wroxall.

The south of the sub-catchment consisits of downland either side of the ‘bowl’ valley in which the village of Wroxall is situated. The steep sides of the valley give way to a rolling landscape north fo the downs, becoming flatter and more open with larger fields with increasing arable land use in the north of the sub-catchment.

Landscape change The Historic Environment Action Plan (HEAP) is based on the findings of the HLC and describes in more detail the broad HLC Areas across the Isle of Wight. As menitoned earlier the Wroxall Stream sub-catchment is within the South Wight Downland Edge, Arreton Valley and South Wight Downland HEAP Areas. From this and other documentary sources we can infer that the principal historical processes in the sub-catchment include:

South Wight Downland Edge ( predominantley south of the main road at Sandford to the base of the chalk downs, includes an area north of Sandford close to Moor Farm and Bobberstone Farm, and the village of Wroxall).

 There is very little archaeological evidence of prehistoric activity within the South Wight Downland Edge area. This may be due to the fact that the area continues to be under pasture and has not been subject to field walking of arable fields. o Exceptions being a Roman coin hoard and Roman pottery found in Wroxall  There is no evidence of early Anglo-Saxon and limited evidence of any Romano-British activity in the area.  The important late Anglo-Saxon estate of Wroxall is partially within this area and includes the lands around and the Wroxall valley. o The manor of Wroxall (just outside the area in the adjacent South Wight Downland but with extensive lands in this area) is recorded in the Domesday Book. o This estate was recorded in a charter dated 1043 to 1044. This was probably centred on Wroxall Manor Farm in the combe to the south of this HEAP area. o It is likely that Appuldurcombe was part of the Wroxall Estate at this time. o By 1793 settlement had spread down the valley northwards with Wroxall being shown as a large hamlet by this date. o Wroxall expanded in the later part of the 19th century, possibly in connection with the new railway line and tunnel connecting Wroxall to Ventnor. o The curch of St John the Evangelist was built in 1876-7  Appuldurcombe was given to the Abbey of Montebourg in 1100 and priory established there. o Appuldurcombe was acquired by the Worsley family at the time of the dissoultion of the monasteries and became one of the largest post-medieval estates on the Isle of Wight extending into neighbouring HEAP areas. o The Tudor manor house was replaced from 1701 with an English Baroque Mansion built for Sir Robery Worsley. o Formal gardens and landscaping of parkland was laid out by Sir Robert Worsley possibly replacing an earlier deer park on the site or on the adjacent Godshill Park. o Appuldurcombe Park was re-landscaped by Sir Richard Worsley from 1772 with some work based on a plan drawn up by Capability Brown. The Freemantlle Gate was built at this time. o In the early 19th century, the Yarborough family created an inner park at Appuldurcombe and built additonal lodges on the estate. o The estate was sold in 1850 and the outer park became farmland. o Appuldurcombe House was unoccupied from the early 20th century and damaged in WWII. The house and inner park were taken into guardianship by the Ministry of Works in 1952 and are now under the protection of its successor body, English Heritage.  The area lies within the Medieval parishes of Newchurch, Arreton and Godshill.  Agricultural change in the area during the late 20th century was limited due to the hilly terrain and heavier clay soils.

South Wight Downland ( the chalk downs to the west, south and east of Wroxall including; Appuldurcombe Down, Stenbury Down, Rew Down, Ventnor Down, Wroxall Down, Luccombe Down, Shanklin Down and St Martin’s Down. The area also includes the Ventnor suburb of Lowtherville (also known as Upper Ventnor) located in the south of the area).

 At the end of the last Ice Age the climate warmed and most of the landscape including the chalk downs was covered in woodland.  The earliest farmers on the Isle of Wight started to clear areas of woodland on chalk downland and greensand hills from 4000 BC onwards.  Much of the chalk downland remained wooded until the Bronze Age from circa 2300 BC when extensive clerance took place to allow for cultivation and grazing of livestock. o There are only two areas of prehistoric field systems identified in this area at Middle Barn Farm Wroxall and on Luccombe Down. o Lynchets (terracing or banking of earth caused by ploughing of land in the prehistoric period) are located on Appuldurcombe Down but are of uncertain date.  Surviving Bronze Age burial mounds are found on the chalk downs (Rew Down, Luccombe Down, Shanklin Down)  There is possible evidence of an Iron Age burial at Lowtherville and an Iron Age/ Early Roman brooch was found at Span Farm.  A small Roman coin hoard was found at Upper Ventnor (Lowtherville).  Wroxall was an important Anglo-Saxon estate and is thought to have been located at Wroxall Manor Farm.  This area falls within the medieval parishes of Godshill, Newchurch and Arreton. o Open field arable cultivation taking place on lower less steep ground in the area (this may have included the lower lying area around Wroxall Manor Farm).  There is some evidence of medieval strip lynchets on St Martin’s Down but htis may have been a very temporary land use necessitated by land hunger.  Greensand may have been quarried at Gatcliff in the 13th century as it is mentioned in a charter of 1270 ‘breaking stone at Gateclive’  Medieval beacons were sited on downland to warn of French attacks (Appuldurcombe Down, Shanklin Down, St Martin’s Down  Re-landscaping of Appuldurcombe Park in the late 16th century included extending the parkland to incorporate high downland as part of the deer park. The present stone wall was erected at this time. An obelisk was erected on Appuldurcombe Down in 1774 in memory of Sir Robery Worsley by his descendent Sir Richard Worsley. Cook’s Castle, a folly some 2 km east of Appuldurcombe Park below St Martin’s Down was erected around the same time.  Enclosure of manorial common grazing was a gradual process starting in the post-medieval times and continuing into the 20th century. o Initially, enclosure was to provide improved private grazing but by the 20th century some areas of enclosed land were being used for arable cultivation. o Appuldurcombe, Rew, St Boniface and Luccombe Downs remained unenclosed grassland in 1793 as did Shanklin Down (although this down was divided into a few large enclosures).  In the 19th and 20th centuries earlier field patterns were re-organised or amalgamated and some former unenclosed chalk grassland were ploughed and taken into cultivation.  In the 1860s a tunnel was built under Wroxall Down to accommodate a railway linking Wroxall with Ventnor. This was needed due to a local land owner opposing an alterate easier route.  Much of Rew Down became a golf course (partially within the sub-catchment) in the late 19th century.  Ventnor Radar Station was built on Wroxall Down just beofre WWII and the site has continued to be used for civil and military air control since that date. o This was an important link in a chain of similar rader sites across the south coast, acting as an early warning system for enemy attack. This led to the area being targetted by enemy bombers and being hit in August 1940. It was operational again by November that same year.  Radio masts were also erected on Stenbury and Rew Downs in the 20th century.  Downland to the north and east of Ventnor remanined largely unenclosed and uncultivated into the 20th century. o Much of this area, know as ‘Ventnor Downs’ was acquired by the National Trust between 1922 and 1996 ensuring its continued conservation.

Arreton Valley (Predominantley north of Sandford the fertile flatter pasture and arable lands at Branstone, Whiteley Bank, Bathingbourne, Princelett, Bobberstone, Moor Farm and Lessland Farm.)

 Flint assemblages and crop marks provide evidence of prehistoric activity in the area.  No structures of Iron Age or Roman origin have been identified in this area to date.  Bathingbourne is an early Anglo-Saxon place name.  Four 10th century charters describe land around Bathingbourne and may represent a stage in the fragmentation of the important Arreton estate. Boundaries corresponding perhaps to the present day route of the Godshill to Shanklin main road (A3020) and Bathingbourne Lane are mentioned in these charters.  Parts of the medieval parishes of Newchurch, Godshill and Arreton fall within this part of the sub-catchment area.  Domesday Manors include Bathingbourne and Lessland.  Manors tend to be located close to valley-floor pasture and meadow, a record of its historic importance as a source of hay fodder and grazing for livestock.  Evidence of former open field cultivation is limited but this may be due to later obliteration through reorganisation of fields and boundaries.  HLC data may indicate possible open field close to Bachelor’s Farm but this had been enclosed by 1793.  In and before the Middle Ages there were probably larger areas of low-lying, un-drained wetland than in today’s landscape. Locally, these were often known as ‘Moors’. Moor Farm is a good example of such an area. Tidearding Moor was mentioned in the 10th century Bathingbourne charters an indication of its land use.  The 1793 map shows large areas of land adjacent to the Eastern Yar shaded green an indication of small meadows, pastures and wetlands on the valley floor. Many of these areas remain today.  Drainage channels to the east of Moor Farm are first recorded on 19th century maps.  Many of the field patterns shown on the 1793 map have been lost due to later re- organisation and amalgamation of fields leading to significant loss of boundary features.  Large horticultural glasshouses were constructed north of Bathingbourne in the north of the sub-catchment in the 20th century.

There are thirty two Listed Buildings in the sub-catchment area. Appuldurcombe House is Grade I, Freemantle Lodge at Appuldurcombe is Grade II*, the church of St John the Evangelist in Wroxall is Grade C and there are twenty nine further buildings or structures with Grade II status.

There are no Local List entries for this sub-catchment.

There are three scheduled monuments in the area (Appuldurcombe House, Freemantle Lodge and a burial mound on Week Down.) In addition there are a further two hundread and seventy four undesignated sites/monuments recorded on the Historic Environment Record.

Appuldurcombe Park is on the English Heritage register of Parks and Gardens of National Importance. Detailed analysis of HLC data

Using ArcView GIS software an analysis of the HLC has provided the following detailed information for the Wroxall Stream sub-catchment area.

Eastern Yar Catchment Area Wroxall Stream sub-catchment % of Broad HLC Types

22.0% Field Patterns Horticulture 47.4% Open Land 12.4% Parkland Designed Landscape Valley Floor

8.8% Woodland Development 0.7% 5.1% 3.6%

It can be seen that the three largest Broad HLC Types are Field Patterns, Development and Woodland.

This report will consider each category in turn to better understand the spatial time depth and the changes that have created the historic landscape character of the Wroxall Stream sub-catchment. Field Patterns

Within this Broad HLC Type there are a number of descriptive sub-types the proportion of each is shown in the following chart:

Field Patterns by sub-type

Field Patterns Amalgamated Fields

18% 17% Field Patterns Assart(s) Field Patterns Enclosed Downland

5% Field Patterns Enclosed Heathland 9% Field Patterns Enclosed Open Field/Open Field Furlongs 9% Field Patterns Enclosed Parkland

Field Patterns Enclosed Pasture or Meadow 2% 15% Field Patterns Enclosed Waste/Common/Green 6% 2% Field Patterns Prairie Fields

11% Field Patterns Re-organised Field Pattern 3% 3% Field Patterns Sub-divided Fields

Field Patterns Unidentified Enclosure Type

These maps show the distribution of the various field patterns across the sub-catchment and the same by era (giving an idea of the time depth of the landscape). Amalgamated fields

These fields consist of a number of historic field parcels that have been joined together. They differ from fields classified as ‘Re- organised’ (see below) in that they still show evidence of earlier field patterns.

The HLC tells us that amalgamation predominantly occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries in this sub-catchment area. An area of amalgamated field north west of Godshill Park is of unknown date.

Assarts Assarts are areas which have been taken out of woodland for grazing or cultivation.

Three areas of assarts are evident in the landscape of this sub-catchment area. Two are of medieval date (an area close to Bottom Copse near Sandford, and an area north of Rew Copse), the third dates from the 20th century (south of Cook’s Castle). Enclosure This map shows the extent, type and period of areas that have been identified as being enclosed.

Enclosure took place across this sub- catchment area from the medieval period, post-medieval period, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Enclosed Downland. Mostly in the south west corner of the sub-catchment. An area north of Lowtherville is of unknown date. West of Rew Farm a large area of enclosure dates from the medieval period. South and East of Rew Farm the enclosure of the downland is of 18th century date. Further land was enclosed on the east side of Stenbury Down in the 19th century and most recently in the 20th century and area of Week Down was enclosed. Enclosed Heathland. In the north east corner of the area at Apse Heath a small area of heathland was enclosed in the post medieval period. Enclosed Pasture/Meadow. An area north of Appuldurcombe was enclosed in the medieval period. A further area at the north west of the sub-catchment east of Little Budbridge was enclosed in the 20th century. Enclosed Waste/Common/Green. A large area at Sandford dates from the medieval period. North west of St Martin’s Down and at Bathingbourne there are areas dating from the post-medieval period. At Lessland and the enclosure took place in the 18th century and in an area south east of Moor Farm it took place in the 19th century. Enclosed Open Field / Open Field Furlongs. One elongated area west of St Martin’s Down was enclosed in the post medieval period. Enclosed Parkland. A large area southwest of Godshill Park Farm was enclosed from Parkland in the 18th century. Large parts of the outer parkland at Appuldurcombe were enclosed in the 20th century. A small area of enclosed parkland of unknown date is located to the east of Godshill. Enclosure of unidentified type. A significant number of areas of enclosure are of an unidentified type dating from the post medieval period (Apse Heath, Branstone, Froghill, Godshill Park Farm, Redhill Lane and Winstone), 20th century (west of Mackett’s Farm and northeast of Manor Road, Wroxall), and of unknown date (Yard Farm area).

Prairie fields

These large fields differ from re- organised or amalgamated fields due to their large size.

In this sub-catchment there are two areas dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, southeast of Princelett and east of Hale Manor.

Re-organised fields Re-organisation of fields through the removal of boundaries between previously smaller fields to create large field parcels. They differ from amalgamated fields in that they show little if any evidence of former field patterns or have had their internal and external boundaries significantly altered.

Re-organisation is particularly focussed in the east of the sub-catchment. First taking place in the medieval period south east of Wroxall Manor Farm, then in the 18th century at Bobberstone Farm and in the 19th and 20th centuries in other parts of the area. Sub-divided fields

These fields have been sub- divided from larger fields which may have been created from enclosure or assarting at an earlier period in history.

In the 17th century an area at Little Span and Span Farms was sub-divided. In the 18th century an area south of Little Span was sub-divided. In the 20th century areas south of Wroxall and east of Bottom’s Copse, Sandford were sub-divided. The east side of the Rew valley and an area at Park Hill Farm were sub-divided but the period at which this took place is unknown.

Horticulture

20th century horticulture is focussed in the area close to the main Arreton to Lake road at Mackett’s Farm, Branstone and .

Open Land

Located in the southern part of the sub-catchment on downland or downland edge, open land is classed as either downland or rough ground.

Rough ground at St Martin’s Down and Appuldurcombe Down is shown as being 20th century in date. Downland at Ventnor Downs is shown as of unknown date perhaps illustrating the fact that it has remained largely unaltered for centuries.

Parkland and Designed Landscapes

Appuldurcombe Inner Park is shown as being 19th century parkland due to the landscaping works undertaken by the Yarborough family before 1850.

Valley Floor

This consists of enclosed pasture/meadow, enclosed waste/common/green or unidentified enclosure types.

Enclosed pasture/meadow dates from early medieval, medieval or post medieval periods or is of unknown date.

Enclosed waste/common/green is of unknown date (occurring in one small area south of Mackett’s Farm).

An area of enclosed land of unknown type and date is located at Bathingbourne.

Woodland

There are three types of woodland identified in this sub- catchment area:

Ancient Woodland – dating from at least 1600, woodland at Wroxall Copse, Appuldurcombe Copse, and Rew Copse is shown as being Ancient Woodland.

Plantation – is shown as dating from the 18th and 19th centuries and is focussed around the Sainham Farm area.

Secondary Woodland is of unknown date and is located east of Lessland Farm, northwest of Sandford and at Cook’s Castle.

An area of secondary woodland dating from the 20th century is located north of Appuldurcombe Park.

Development

Around 22% of the area of the sub-catchment is classified as being ‘Development’. This includes the categories of ‘Settlement’, ‘Recreation’ and ‘Communications’.

The earliest settlement is of early medieval date and is located at Wroxall Manor Farm. Medieval settlement is shown at Sandford.

The remaining development is either 19th or 20th century in date or is of unknown date.

Tables of data % Area sq. metres

Communications 0.7% 4742.05246

Field Patterns 47.4% 13144283.54

Horticulture 3.6% 453122.4615

Open Land 5.1% 1043675.512

Parkland/Designed Landscape 0.7% 44211.37231

Recreation 2.2% 243336.6856

Settlement 19.0% 913316.6983

Valley Floor 8.8% 847636.7192

Woodland 12.4% 492342.9877

(blank) 0.0%

Grand Total 100.0% 17186668.03

Development (Settlement, Recreation, Communications) = 22% 1161395.42

% Area sq. metres

Communications 0.7% 4742.05246

Field Patterns 47.4% 13144283.54

Amalgamated Fields 8.0% 2780806.284

Assart(s) 2.2% 70860.571

Enclosed Downland 4.4% 547929.5832

Enclosed Heathland 0.7% 18673.2842

Enclosed Open Field/Open Field Furlongs 0.7% 260410.1899

Enclosed Parkland 2.9% 1799977.397

Enclosed Pasture or Meadow 1.5% 88825.21389

Enclosed Waste/Common/Green 5.1% 2179554.604

Prairie Fields 1.5% 453156.7955

Re-organised Field Pattern 7.3% 2303055.752

Sub-divided Fields 4.4% 1374423.421

Unidentified Enclosure Type 8.8% 1266610.448

Horticulture 3.6% 453122.4615

Open Land 5.1% 1043675.512

Downland 3.6% 704489.1613

Rough Ground 1.5% 339186.3505

Parkland/Designed Landscape 0.7% 44211.37231

Recreation 2.2% 243336.6856

Settlement 19.0% 913316.6983

Valley Floor 8.8% 847636.7192

Enclosed Pasture or Meadow 7.3% 735253.964

Enclosed Waste/Common/Green 0.7% 49518.83677

(blank) 0.7% 62863.91849

Woodland 12.4% 492342.9877

Ancient Woodland 4.4% 302242.5805

Plantation 4.4% 70171.61041

Secondary Woodland 3.6% 119928.7968

(blank) 0.0%

(blank) 0.0%

Grand Total 100.0% 17186668.03

Grand

Medieval Medieval Post Medieval Century 17th Century 18th Century 19th 20th & 19th Century Early20th Century Century 20th 20th Late Century Unknown Row Labels Early (blank) Total Communications 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.73% Field Patterns 0.00% 62.50% 87.50% 100.00% 75.00% 50.00% 100.00% 0.00% 56.52% 6.67% 23.33% 0.00% 47.45% Amalgamated Fields 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11.11% 66.67% 0.00% 8.70% 0.00% 3.33% 0.00% 8.03% Assart(s) 0.00% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.35% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.19% Enclosed Downland 0.00% 12.50% 0.00% 0.00% 12.50% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 4.35% 0.00% 3.33% 0.00% 4.38% Enclosed Heathland 0.00% 0.00% 6.25% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.73% Enclosed Open Field/Open Field Furlongs 0.00% 0.00% 6.25% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.73% Enclosed Parkland 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 12.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.70% 0.00% 3.33% 0.00% 2.92% Enclosed Pasture or Meadow 0.00% 12.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.35% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.46% Enclosed Waste/Common/Green 0.00% 12.50% 18.75% 0.00% 25.00% 5.56% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.11% Prairie Fields 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11.11% 0.00% 4.35% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.46% Re-organised Field Pattern 0.00% 0.00% 6.25% 0.00% 12.50% 22.22% 22.22% 0.00% 8.70% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 7.30% Sub-divided Fields 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 12.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.70% 0.00% 6.67% 0.00% 4.38% Unidentified Enclosure Type 0.00% 0.00% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.35% 6.67% 6.67% 0.00% 8.76% Horticulture 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.70% 20.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.65% Open Land 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.70% 0.00% 16.67% 0.00% 5.11% Downland 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67% 0.00% 3.65% Rough Ground 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.70% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.46% Parkland/Designed Landscape 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.56% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.73% Recreation 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.35% 13.33% 0.00% 0.00% 2.19% Settlement 66.67% 12.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 22.22% 0.00% 100.00% 21.74% 46.67% 6.67% 0.00% 18.98% Valley Floor 33.33% 25.00% 12.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 20.00% 100.00% 8.76% Enclosed Pasture or Meadow 33.33% 25.00% 12.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67% 0.00% 7.30% Enclosed Waste/Common/Green 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.33% 0.00% 0.73% (blank) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.73% Woodland 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 25.00% 22.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.67% 33.33% 0.00% 12.41% Ancient Woodland 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 20.00% 0.00% 4.38% Plantation 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 25.00% 22.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.38% Secondary Woodland 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.67% 13.33% 0.00% 3.65% (blank) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% (blank) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Grand Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%