DOCSLIB.ORG

MG15 4 2003 Complete.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MG15 4 2003 Complete.Pdf VOLUME 15 PART 4 JULY 2003 East Midlands Geological Society Contents President Vice-President Profile 194 Ian Thomas Tony Morris Ian Thomas – President Secretary Treasurer Mercian News 195 John Wolff Mrs Christine Moore Geobrowser Review Editorial Board The Record Dr Tony Waltham Tony Morris From the Archives Dr John Carney Gerry Slavin Dr Andy Howard Mrs Judy Small Ian Jefferson, Ian Smalley, Kevin Northmore 199 Consequence of a modest loess fall Council over southern and midland England Dr Beris Cox Tony Morris Miss Lesley Dunn Janet Slatter Jonathan D. Radley 209 Dr Peter Gutteridge Dr Ian Sutton Warwickshire’s Jurassic geology: Dr Andy Howard John Travis past, present and future Robert Littlewood Neil Turner Sue Miles Dr Alf Whittaker Peter Gutteridge 219 A record of the Brigantian limestone succession Address for Correspondence in the partly infilled Dale Quarry, Wirksworth The Secretary, E.M.G.S. 4 Charnwood Close, Trevor D. Ford 225 Ravenshead NG15 9BZ William Martin, 1767-1810, pioneer 0774 386 2307 [email protected] palaeontologist The Mercian Geologist is published by the East Reports 232 Midlands Geological Society and printed by Quaternary in Norfolk – Richard Hamblin et al Norman Printing Ltd (Nottingham and London) on Mitchell Caverns – Alan Filmer paper made from wood pulp from renewable forests. Landmarks of Geology 235 No part of this publication may be reproduced in The reef at High Tor – Peter Gutteridge any printed or electronic medium without the prior written consent of the Society. Lecture Reports 238 Crinoid decapitation – Stephen Donovan Registered Charity No. 503617 Crinoid adaptation – Mike Simms Midlands glaciations – David Keen © 2003 East Midlands Geological Society Loss of the Aral Sea – Tony Waltham ISSN 0025 990X Silurian soft bodied fossils – David Siveter Southern Britain – John Cope Cover photograph: East side of the Derwent End-Permian extinction – Paul Wignall Gorge just below Matlock, seen from the slopes of Masson Hill. The white limestone cliff bisects the Excursion Reports 252 High Tor reef (see landmark on page 235), while East Devon and Dorset coast Riber Castle stands on the Ashover Grit, and Ricklow and Lathkill Dales Chatsworth Grit forms the skyline [photo: Tony Waltham]. Index to Volume 15 255 PROFILE PROFILE Ian Thomas Ian, our new president, was born and brought up in Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire, where two generations earlier his grandfather had worked the Parliament Quarry, on Vale Road (in the 1840’s the quarry was one of a number which supplied stone to rebuild the Houses of Parliament after a major fire). In 1957, his family moved to Aberystwyth (where great grandfather had sailed ships laden with lead ore). So geology was in the family blood. Ian’s interest in geology stemmed from a fascination for industrial history of the lead mines in Wales that he explored as a school boy. He read geology, biology, physics and geography at University of Swansea, graduating in geology in 1968 (having also taken a course in cartography). For four years he worked at the Institute of Geological Sciences (later to become BGS) in Exhibition Road, London – advising British and foreign governments and industry, on a portfolio of refractory, ceramic, carbonate and strontium minerals worldwide. Had BGS decided to move out to Keyworth at that stage, he would probably have still been working for them. Instead, in 1972 he joined Derbyshire County Council’s Strategic Planning Division to work on minerals policies for Britain’s largest mineral producing county. The following year, he set up the first Regional Aggregates Working Party (RAWP) (i.e. for the East Midlands) and continues as its Technical Secretary. At the Stone Centre, Ian is able to combine his In 1979 he became the Convenor of the RAWP passions for the history of quarrying, geology and Secretaries for England and Wales, which again he design. Ten years ago, nineteen members of the continues under contract to the Office of the Deputy Thomas family staged an art and design exhibition Prime Minister. He also became involved in adult ranging from Jaguar car designs to apples made from education, teaching applied geology in various applewood, and Ian still undertakes freelance design Derbyshire centres. work. In the 1980s, he promoted the idea of the National Apart from involvement in various local and Stone Centre (NSC) and gradually gained seconded national committees, covering the arts, tourism, time from the County Council to this end, becoming regeneration of Wirksworth, mining history and the Centre’s full time Director in late 1988. The building stone, Ian has just completed a two-year Centre opened to the public in 1990, and now term as chairman of ESTA (Earth Science Teachers’ attracts hundreds of school groups and thousands of Association). In 2002 he chaired the Standing Joint family visitors. In 1989, he was also appointed to Committee on Natural Stones, a group linking key BGS’s first Programme Board. professional and government organisations Two thirds of the work at the Stone Centre is concerned with building stones. unrelated to visitors. It includes the design of During this period, he became concerned that interpretative panels for leading quarry companies in ESTA was focused on catering for those teaching the Britain, collecting and publishing data on minerals few thousand school students studying geology per planning, and advisory services relating to Earth se. Not adequately addressed were the needs of the Science education for English Nature and the 8-10 million pupils being taught a more limited Countryside Council for Wales. amount of Earth Science (often poorly), through Much of Ian’s work is now involved with mainstream National Curriculum science. As a developing national policies for both the English and result, a small group approached the main Welsh governments for balancing the need to professional institutions concerned with chemistry, provide for aggregates with the need to protect the physics, biology and science teaching, successfully environment. In the last few years, the NSC has engaging them in the Joint Earth Science Education been more involved in Wales, including assessing the Initiative which Ian now Chairs – readers should scope for a Welsh Stone Centre. visit www.jesei.org to see some of the results. 194 MERCIAN GEOLOGIST 2003 15 (4) THE RECORD GEOBROWSER p.115). It changed the configuration of the landmasses, opening up a deep-sea gateway between the (equatorial) north and south Atlantic basins, Warm times each of which was formerly characterised by very different water temperatures and salinity. The The recent succession of years with anomalous ensuing vigorous circulation and mixing of waters climatic conditions, either excessively warm and dry, between the two former basins would have been or stormy, or both, has stimulated interest not only sufficient to bring about rapid and substantial in predicting future trends, but also in changes in temperature and salinity throughout the reconstructing past climatic regimes. Two major newly-enlarged proto-Atlantic ocean. global warming events are particularly well Tertiary warming: Global warming that occurred documented, but can we draw any lessons from in Palaeocene times, about 55 Ma ago, was of a these examples, that may help us to anticipate or similar intensity to that in the Cretaceous, but its even regulate future climate trends? causes were radically different. It was characterised Cretaceous warming: Probably one of the most by a massive and rapid (within a few thousand years) important discoveries of the past 20 years has been addition of isotopically light carbon to the oceans the recognition that the Polar landmasses of and atmosphere. In this global ‘greenhouse’, sea- Gondwana were warm, forested regions throughout surfaces had warmed by 4-8°C, to around 16°C off the Mesozoic and into early Tertiary times. A recent Antarctica, and the deep oceans by 5°C. The review (Journal of the Geol. Soc. 2001, p.709) notes thermal maximum then continued for a further that the global thermal maximum occurring in the 210,000 years (Geology, 2000, p.927), before Cretaceous Period, between 112-88 Ma (late recovery to more normal temperatures. Three Albian-Turonian), was characterised by broad- possible explanations have been proposed to leafed and conifer forests of warm-temperate aspect account for this change, and its rapidity: enhanced in Kamchatka and Russia (up to at least 82°N) and CO2 outgassing during emplacement of the North Antarctica (up to at least 75°S). Fossil tree-ring Atlantic volcanic province (of which the Tertiary structures indicate that the forests (with their volcanics of north-western Scotland are part); specialised dinosaur fauna) were adapted to long, dissociation of massive quantities of methane dark winters with average temperatures between 0°C hydrates along continental slopes; and a and -4°C, and long, light summers with carbonaceous bolide impact. The stable isotope temperatures of 20-24°C. records of Southern Ocean deep-sea cores had These proposals are difficult to reconcile with pointed to either seafloor methane outgassing or the suggestions that Cretaceous global sea-level bolide impactor explanations as being the most fluctuations were caused by temporary continental likely, but one line of evidence was missing. ice sheets in Antarctica (Geol Soc. America Bulletin, Vital to discrimination between these two models 2000, p.308). Strontium and oxygen isotope data is the answer to the question of which came
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Early Medieval Dykes (400 to 850 Ad)
    EARLY MEDIEVAL DYKES (400 TO 850 AD) A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2015 Erik Grigg School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Contents Table of figures ................................................................................................ 3 Abstract ........................................................................................................... 6 Declaration ...................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................... 9 1 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ................................................. 10 1.1 The history of dyke studies ................................................................. 13 1.2 The methodology used to analyse dykes ............................................ 26 2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DYKES ............................................. 36 2.1 Identification and classification ........................................................... 37 2.2 Tables ................................................................................................. 39 2.3 Probable early-medieval dykes ........................................................... 42 2.4 Possible early-medieval dykes ........................................................... 48 2.5 Probable rebuilt prehistoric or Roman dykes ...................................... 51 2.6 Probable reused prehistoric
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Defensive Earthworks Fortified
    CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES IN UNION WITH THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. SCHEME FOR RECORDING ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES. 1903. COMMITTEE FOR RECORDING ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES. LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A., Chairman. W. J. ANDREW, F.S.A. F. HAVERFIELD, F.S.A., MA. F. W. ATTREE (Lt.-Col. R.E.), W. H. ST. J. HOPE, M.A. F.S.A. BOYD DAWICINS (Prof.), F.R.S., J. HORACE ROUND, M.A. F.S.A. SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., F.R.S., O. E. RUCK (Lt.-Col. RE.), V.P.S.A. F.S.A.Sc. A. R. GODDARD, B.A. W. M. TAPP, LL.D. BERTRAM C. A. WINDLE (Prof.), F.R.S., F.S.A. I. CHALKLEY GOULD, Hon. Sec. {Royal Societies' Club, St. James's Street, London.) EXTRACT from the Report of the Provisional Committee to the Congress of Archaeological Societies :— "There is need, not only for schedules such as this Committee is appointed to secure, but also for active antiquaries in all parts of the country to keep keen watch over ancient fortifications of earth and stone, and to endeavour to prevent their destruction by the hand of man in this utilitarian age." SCHEME FOR RECORDING ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES. » T the Congress of the Archaeological Societies, held on A July ioth, 1901, a Committee was appointed to prepare a scheme for a systematic record of ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES. It was suggested that the secretaries of the various archaeological societies, and other gentlemen likely to be interested in the subject, should be pressed to prepare schedules of the works in their respective districts, in the hope that lists may eventually be published.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics in Palaeontology
    Systematics in palaeontology THOMAS NEVILLE GEORGE PRESIDENT'S ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS 1969 CONTENTS Fossils in neontological categories I98 (A) Purpose and method x98 (B) Linnaean taxa . x99 (e) The biospecies . 202 (D) Morphology and evolution 205 The systematics of the lineage 205 (A) Bioserial change 205 (B) The palaeodeme in phyletic series 209 (e) Palaeodemes as facies-controlled phena 2xi Phyletic series . 2~6 (A) Rates of bioserial change 2~6 (B) Character mosaics 218 (c) Differential characters 222 Phylogenetics and systematics 224 (A) Clade and grade 224 (a) Phylogenes and cladogenes 228 (e) Phylogenetic reconstruction 23 I (D) Species and genus 235 (~) The taxonomic hierarchy 238 5 Adansonian methods 240 6 References 243 SUMMARY A 'natural' taxonomic system, inherent in evolutionary change, pulses of biased selection organisms that themselves demonstrate their pressure in expanded and restricted palaeo- 'affinity', is to be recognized perhaps only in demes, and permutations of character-expres- the biospecies. The concept of the biospecies as sion in the evolutionary plexus impose a need a comprehensive taxon is, however, only for a palaeontologically-orientated systematics notional amongst the vast majority of living under which (in evolutionary descent) could organisms, and it is not directly applicable to be subsumed the taxa of the neontological fossils. 'Natural' systems of Linnaean kind rest moment. on assumptions made a priori and are imposed Environmentally controlled morphs, bio- by the systematist. The graded time-sequence facies variants, migrating variation fields, and of the lineage and the clade introduces factors typological segregants are sources of ambiguity into a systematics that cannot well be accommo- in a distinction between phenetic and genetic dated under pre-Darwinian assumptions or be fossil grades.
    [Show full text]
  • Probabilistic Methods Surpass Parsimony When Assessing Clade Support in Phylogenetic Analyses of Discrete Morphological Data
    O'Reilly, J., Puttick, M., Pisani, D., & Donoghue, P. (2017). Probabilistic methods surpass parsimony when assessing clade support in phylogenetic analyses of discrete morphological data. Palaeontology. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12330 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): 10.1111/pala.12330 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Wiley at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12330/abstract. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ [Palaeontology, 2017, pp. 1–14] PROBABILISTIC METHODS SURPASS PARSIMONY WHEN ASSESSING CLADE SUPPORT IN PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF DISCRETE MORPHOLOGICAL DATA by JOSEPH E. O’REILLY1 ,MARKN.PUTTICK1,2 , DAVIDE PISANI1,3 and PHILIP C. J. DONOGHUE1 1School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK 3School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK Typescript received 28 April 2017; accepted in revised form 13 September 2017 Abstract: Fossil taxa are critical to inferences of historical 50% support.
    [Show full text]
  • Danise Et Al 2020 Gondwana Research.Docx.Pdf
    University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences 2020-06 Isotopic evidence for partial geochemical decoupling between a Jurassic epicontinental sea and the open ocean Danise, S http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/15995 10.1016/j.gr.2019.12.011 Gondwana Research Elsevier BV All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. Please cite as: Danise, S., Price, G.D., Alberti, M., Holland S.M. 2020 Isotopic evidence for partial geochemical decoupling between a Jurassic epicontinental sea and the open ocean. Gondwana Research, 82, 97–107. Isotopic evidence for partial geochemical decoupling between a Jurassic epicontinental sea and the open ocean Silvia Danise a,b,⁎, Gregory D. Price a, Matthias Alberti c, Steven M. Holland d a School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK b Dipartimento di Sicenze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy c Institut für Geowissenschaften, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany d Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2501, USA a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 21 October 2019 Received in revised form 20 December 2019 Accepted 20 December 2019 Available online 30 January 2020 Handling Editor: A.
    [Show full text]
  • Aragonite Bias Exhibits Systematic Spatial Variation in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, North America
    Paleobiology, 45(4), 2019, pp. 571–597 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2019.33 Article Aragonite bias exhibits systematic spatial variation in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, North America Christopher D. Dean , Peter A. Allison, Gary J. Hampson, and Jon Hill Abstract.—Preferential dissolution of the biogenic carbonate polymorph aragonite promotes preserva- tional bias in shelly marine faunas. While field studies have documented the impact of preferential aragon- ite dissolution on fossil molluscan diversity, its impact on regional and global biodiversity metrics is debated. Epicontinental seas are especially prone to conditions that both promote and inhibit preferential dissolution, which may result in spatially extensive zones with variable preservation. Here we present a multifaceted evaluation of aragonite dissolution within the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America. Occurrence data of mollusks from two time intervals (Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, early Campanian) are plotted on new high-resolution paleogeographies to assess aragonite preservation within the seaway. Fossil occurrences, diversity estimates, and sampling probabilities for calcitic and ara- gonitic fauna were compared in zones defined by depth and distance from the seaway margins. Apparent range sizes, which could be influenced by differential preservation potential of aragonite between separate localities, were also compared. Our results are consistent with exacerbated aragonite dissolution within specific depth zones for both time slices, with aragonitic bivalves additionally showing a statistically significant decrease in range size compared with calcitic fauna within carbonate-dominated Cenoma- nian–Turonian strata. However, we are unable to conclusively show that aragonite dissolution impacted diversity estimates. Therefore, while aragonite dissolution is likely to have affected the preservation of fauna in specific localities, time averaging and instantaneous preservation events preserve regional biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Oswestry Hillfort and Its Landscape: Ancient Past, Uncertain Future
    Old Oswestry Hillfort and its Landscape: Ancient Past, Uncertain Future edited by Tim Malim and George Nash Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-611-0 ISBN 978-1-78969-612-7 (e-Pdf) © the individual authors and Archaeopress 2020 Cover: Painting of Old Oswestry Hillfort by Allanah Piesse Back cover: Old Oswestry from the air, photograph by Alastair Reid Please note that all uncredited images and photographs within each chapter have been produced by the individual authors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Holywell Press, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Contributors ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ii Preface: Old Oswestry – 80 years on �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������v Tim Malim and George Nash Part 1 Setting the scene Chapter 1 The prehistoric Marches – warfare or continuity? �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 David J. Matthews Chapter 2 Everybody needs good neighbours: Old Oswestry hillfort in context ���������������������������������������������
    [Show full text]
  • TREATISE ONLINE Number 48
    TREATISE ONLINE Number 48 Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 31: Illustrated Glossary of the Bivalvia Joseph G. Carter, Peter J. Harries, Nikolaus Malchus, André F. Sartori, Laurie C. Anderson, Rüdiger Bieler, Arthur E. Bogan, Eugene V. Coan, John C. W. Cope, Simon M. Cragg, José R. García-March, Jørgen Hylleberg, Patricia Kelley, Karl Kleemann, Jiří Kříž, Christopher McRoberts, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John Pojeta, Jr., Peter W. Skelton, Ilya Tëmkin, Thomas Yancey, and Alexandra Zieritz 2012 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 2153-4012 (online) paleo.ku.edu/treatiseonline PART N, REVISED, VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 31: ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF THE BIVALVIA JOSEPH G. CARTER,1 PETER J. HARRIES,2 NIKOLAUS MALCHUS,3 ANDRÉ F. SARTORI,4 LAURIE C. ANDERSON,5 RÜDIGER BIELER,6 ARTHUR E. BOGAN,7 EUGENE V. COAN,8 JOHN C. W. COPE,9 SIMON M. CRAgg,10 JOSÉ R. GARCÍA-MARCH,11 JØRGEN HYLLEBERG,12 PATRICIA KELLEY,13 KARL KLEEMAnn,14 JIřÍ KřÍž,15 CHRISTOPHER MCROBERTS,16 PAULA M. MIKKELSEN,17 JOHN POJETA, JR.,18 PETER W. SKELTON,19 ILYA TËMKIN,20 THOMAS YAncEY,21 and ALEXANDRA ZIERITZ22 [1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, [email protected]; 2University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Institut Català de Paleontologia (ICP), Catalunya, Spain, [email protected], [email protected]; 4Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 5South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, [email protected]; 6Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 7North
    [Show full text]
  • Hope to Hathersage Or Bamford Via Castleton
    Hope to Hathersage (via Castleton) Hope to Bamford (via Castleton) 1st walk check 2nd walk check 3rd walk check 1st walk check 2nd walk check 3rd walk check 17th August 2020 Current status Document last updated Wednesday, 19th August 2020 This document and information herein are copyrighted to Saturday Walkers’ Club. If you are interested in printing or displaying any of this material, Saturday Walkers’ Club grants permission to use, copy, and distribute this document delivered from this World Wide Web server with the following conditions: • The document will not be edited or abridged, and the material will be produced exactly as it appears. Modification of the material or use of it for any other purpose is a violation of our copyright and other proprietary rights. • Reproduction of this document is for free distribution and will not be sold. • This permission is granted for a one-time distribution. • All copies, links, or pages of the documents must carry the following copyright notice and this permission notice: Saturday Walkers’ Club, Copyright © 2019-2020, used with permission. All rights reserved. www.walkingclub.org.uk This walk has been checked as noted above, however the publisher cannot accept responsibility for any problems encountered by readers. Hope to Hathersage or Bamford (via Castleton) Start: Hope Station Finish: Hathersage or Bamford Stations Hope Station, map reference SK 180 832, is 18 km south west of Sheffield, 231 km north west of Charing Cross and 169m above sea level. Bamford Station, map reference SK 207 825, is 3 km south east of Hope Station and 151m above sea level.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Jurassic Mollusks from Eastern Oregon and Western Idaho
    Upper Jurassic Mollusks from Eastern Oregon and Western Idaho GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 483-D Upper Jurassic Mollusks from Eastern Oregon and Western Idaho By RALPH W. IMLAY CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 483-D Faunal evidence for the presence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rocks in eastern Oregon and westernmost Idaho UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract.__________________________________________ Dl Ages and correlations Continued Introduction.______________________________________ 1 Trowbridge Formation of Lupher, 1941, in east- Biologic analysis..._________________________________ 2 central Oregon.__________---_-_-__-_-____---_ D9 Stratigraphic summary._____________________________ 2 Lonesome Formation of Lupher, 1941, in east-central Northeastern Oregon and adjoining Idaho. ________ 2 Oregon..________________-_--_____--_--_---__ 9 Mineral area, western Idaho.____________________ 2 Comparisons with other faunas.______________________ 10 East-central Oregon_____________________________ 4 Alaska and western British Columbia-____________ 10 Conditions of deposition.____________________________ 6 Calif ornia. ... _ __-_________--____-___-__---___-_ 10 Ages and correlations______________________________ 6 Unnamed beds in northeastern Oregon and adjoining Western interior of North America._______________ 10 Idaho_______________________________________ Geographic distribution________-_-_____---_---_-.__ 11 Unnamed beds near Mineral, Idaho.______________ Systematic descriptions..._--_--__-__________________ 13 Snowshoe Formation of Lupher, 1941, in east-central Literature cited_____-__-_____---------_-_--_--__-___ 17 Oregon._____________________________________ Index_.______________--____---------_-__---_-_-___ 21 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 1-4 follow index] PLATE 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Advances and Unanswered Questions in Deep Molluscan Phylogenetics Author(S): Kevin M
    Recent Advances and Unanswered Questions in Deep Molluscan Phylogenetics Author(s): Kevin M. Kocot Source: American Malacological Bulletin, 31(1):195-208. 2013. Published By: American Malacological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4003/006.031.0112 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4003/006.031.0112 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Amer. Malac. Bull. 31(1): 195–208 (2013) Recent advances and unanswered questions in deep molluscan phylogenetics* Kevin M. Kocot Auburn University, Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S.A. Correspondence, Kevin M. Kocot: [email protected] Abstract. Despite the diversity and importance of Mollusca, evolutionary relationships among the eight major lineages have been a longstanding unanswered question in Malacology. Early molecular studies of deep molluscan phylogeny, largely based on nuclear ribosomal gene data, as well as morphological cladistic analyses largely failed to provide robust hypotheses of relationships among major lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter I Taxonomy
    THE AMERICAN OYSTER CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA GMELIN By PAUL S. GALTSOFF, Fishery Biologist BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES CHAPTER I TAXONOMY Page This broad characterization included a number Taxonomic characters _ 4 SheIL _ 4 of genera such as scallops, pen shells (Pinnidae), Anatomy _ 4 Sex and spawnlng _ limas (Limidae) and other mollusks which ob­ 4 Habitat _ 5 viously are not oysters. In the 10th edition of Larvll! shell (Prodlssoconch) _ 6 "Systema Naturae," Linnaeus (1758) wrote: The genera of living oysters _ 6 Genus 08trea _ 6 "Ostreae non orones, imprimis Pectines, ad Genus Cra8808trea _ 7 Genus Pycnodonte _ cardinem interne fulcis transversis numerosis 7 Bibliography _ 14 parallelis in utraque testa oppositis gaudentiquae probe distinguendae ab Areis polypleptoginglymis, The family Ostreidae consists of a large number cujus dentes numerosi alternatim intrant alterius of edibleand nonedible oysters. Their distribution sinus." Le., not all are oysters, in particular the is confined to a broad belt of coastal waters within scallops, which have many parallel ribs running the latitudes 64° N. and 44° S. With few excep­ crosswise inward toward the hinge on each shell tions oysters thrive in shallow water, their vertical on opposite sides; these should properly be dis­ distribution extending from a level approximately tinguished from Area polyleptoginglymis whose halfway between high and low tide levels to a many teeth alternately enter between the teeth depth of about 100 feet. Commercially exploited of the other side. oyster beds are rarely found below a depth of 40 In the same publication the European flat feet. oyster, Ostrea edulis, is described as follows: The· name "Ostrea" was given by Linnaeus "Vulgo Ostrea dictae edulis.
    [Show full text]