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Data Sheet on Helicoverpa
EPPO quarantine pest Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Helicoverpa zea IDENTITY Name: Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Synonyms: Heliothis zea (Boddie) Bombyx obsoleta Fab. Phalaena zea (Boddie) Heliothis umbrosus Grote Taxonomic position: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Common names: American bollworm, corn earworm, tomato fruitworm, New World bollworm (English) Chenille des épis du maïs (French) Amerikanischer Baumwollkapselwurm (German) Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: The taxonomic situation is complicated and presents several problems. Hardwick (1965) reviewed the New World corn earworm species complex and the Old World African bollworm (Noctuidae), most of which had previously been referred to as a single species (Heliothis armigera or H. obsoleta), and pointed out that there was a complex of species and subspecies involved. Specifically he proposed that the New World H. zea (first used in 1955) was distinct from the Old World H. armigera on the basis of male and female genitalia. And he described the new genus Helicoverpa to include these important pest species, Some 80 or more species were formerly placed in Heliothis (sensu lato) and Hardwick referred 17 species (including 11 new species) to Helicoverpa on the basis of differences in both male and female genitalia. Within this new genus the zea group contains eight species, and the armigera group two species with three subspecies. See also Hardwick (1970). Because the old name of Heliothis for the pest species (four major pest species and three minor) is so well established in the literature, and since dissection of genitalia is required for identification, there has been resistance to the name change (e.g. -
A New Helicoverpa Armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolate from Heliothis Peltigera (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Turkey
Turkish Journal of Biology Turk J Biol (2019) 43: 340-348 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/biy-1902-64 A new Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate from Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Turkey Gözde Büşra EROĞLU, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Zihni DEMİRBAĞ* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Received: 20.02.2019 Accepted/Published Online: 17.09.2019 Final Version: 14.10.2019 Abstract: This study reports a new Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) isolated from Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermuller), collected in the vicinity of Adana, Turkey. Infection was confirmed by tissue polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. Results showed that dead H. peltigera larvae contain Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus. Thus, the isolate was named as HearNPV-TR. Microscopy studies indicated that occlusion bodies were 0.73 to 1.66 μm in diameter. The nucleocapsids are approximately 184 × 41 nm in size. The genome of HearNPV-TR was digested with KpnI and XhoI enzymes and calculated as 130.5 kb. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HearNPV-TR has close relation with the H. armigera SNPV-1073 China isolate. The Kimura analysis confirmed that the isolate is a variant of H. armigera NPV. Bioassays were performed using six different concentrations (1 × 310 to 1 × 8 10 occlusion bodies (OBs)/mL)on 2nd instar larvae of H. peltigera, H. armigera, Heliothis viriplaca, Heliothis nubigera. LC50 values were calculated to be 9.5 × 103, 1.9 × 104, 8.6 × 104 and 9.2 × 104 OBs/mL within 14 days, respectively. Results showed that it is a promising biocontrol agent against Heliothinae species. -
A New Larval Parasitoid of Heliothis Peltigera (Denis & Schiffermüller)
Türk. Biyo. Mücadele Derg. 2020, 11(1):83-89 DOI: 10.31019/tbmd.628853 ISSN 2146-0035-E-ISSN 2548-1002 Orijinal araştırma (Original article) A new larval parasitoid of Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) miniatus (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) Sevgi AYTEN1*, Ahmet BEYARSLAN2, Selma ÜLGENTÜRK3 Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)’nın yeni bir larva parazitoiti; Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) miniatus (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) Özet: Aspir, geniş kullanım alanlarına sahip endüstriyel bir bitkidir. Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Ankara ilinde önemli bir aspir zararlısıdır. Bu türün larvalarının Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) miniatus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) tarafından parazitlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu parazitoit türünün konukçusu Dünya’ da ilk defa ortaya konmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Heliothis peltigera, Aleiodes miniatus, Carthamus tinctorius, aspir, ilk kayıt Abstract: Safflower is a plant grown for a wide range of industrial uses. A survey revealed that the larvae of Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important safflower pest in Ankara Province, Turkey, are parasitized by Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) miniatus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae). This is the first report of this host-parasitoid relationship worldwide. Keywords: Heliothis peltigera, Aleiodes -
Influence of Juvenile Hormone on Territorial and Aggressive Behavior in the Painted Lady (Vanessa Cardui) and Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio Polyxenes)
Colby College Digital Commons @ Colby Honors Theses Student Research 2007 Influence of juvenile hormone on territorial and aggressive behavior in the Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) and Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) Tara Bergin Colby College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses Part of the Biology Commons Colby College theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed or downloaded from this site for the purposes of research and scholarship. Reproduction or distribution for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the author. Recommended Citation Bergin, Tara, "Influence of juvenile hormone on territorial and aggressive behavior in the Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) and Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes)" (2007). Honors Theses. Paper 29. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses/29 This Honors Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Colby. The Influence of Juvenile Hormone on Territorial and Aggressive Behavior in the Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui)and Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) An Honors Thesis Presented to ` The Faculty of The Department of Biology Colby College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors by Tara Bergin Waterville, ME May 16, 2007 Advisor: Catherine Bevier _______________________________________ Reader: W. Herbert Wilson ________________________________________ Reader: Andrea Tilden ________________________________________ -1- -2- Abstract Competition is important in environments with limited resources. Males of many insect species are territorial and will defend resources, such as a food source or egg-laying site, against intruders, or even compete to attract a mate. -
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Australia and Utility of DNA Barcodes for Pest Identification in Helicoverpa and Relatives
RESEARCH ARTICLE DNA Barcoding the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Australia and Utility of DNA Barcodes for Pest Identification in Helicoverpa and Relatives Andrew Mitchell1*, David Gopurenko2,3 1 Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, 3 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga a11111 Wagga, NSW, Australia * [email protected] Abstract ’ OPEN ACCESS Helicoverpa and Heliothis species include some of the world s most significant crop pests, causing billions of dollars of losses globally. As such, a number are regulated quarantine Citation: Mitchell A, Gopurenko D (2016) DNA species. For quarantine agencies, the most crucial issue is distinguishing native species Barcoding the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Australia and Utility of DNA Barcodes for Pest from exotics, yet even this task is often not feasible because of poorly known local faunas Identification in Helicoverpa and Relatives. PLoS and the difficulties of identifying closely related species, especially the immature stages. ONE 11(8): e0160895. doi:10.1371/journal. DNA barcoding is a scalable molecular diagnostic method that could provide the solution to pone.0160895 this problem, however there has been no large-scale test of the efficacy of DNA barcodes Editor: Daniel Doucet, Natural Resources Canada, for identifying the Heliothinae of any region of the world to date. This study fills that gap by CANADA DNA barcoding the entire heliothine moth fauna of Australia, bar one rare species, and com- Received: May 6, 2016 paring results with existing public domain resources. We find that DNA barcodes provide Accepted: July 26, 2016 robust discrimination of all of the major pest species sampled, but poor discrimination of Published: August 10, 2016 Australian Heliocheilus species, and we discuss ways to improve the use of DNA barcodes for identification of pests. -
Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1 John L
EENY-145 Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1 John L. Capinera2 Distribution California; and perhaps seven in southern Florida and southern Texas. The life cycle can be completed in about 30 Corn earworm is found throughout North America except days. for northern Canada and Alaska. In the eastern United States, corn earworm does not normally overwinter suc- Egg cessfully in the northern states. It is known to survive as far north as about 40 degrees north latitude, or about Kansas, Eggs are deposited singly, usually on leaf hairs and corn Ohio, Virginia, and southern New Jersey, depending on the silk. The egg is pale green when first deposited, becoming severity of winter weather. However, it is highly dispersive, yellowish and then gray with time. The shape varies from and routinely spreads from southern states into northern slightly dome-shaped to a flattened sphere, and measures states and Canada. Thus, areas have overwintering, both about 0.5 to 0.6 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in height. overwintering and immigrant, or immigrant populations, Fecundity ranges from 500 to 3000 eggs per female. The depending on location and weather. In the relatively mild eggs hatch in about three to four days. Pacific Northwest, corn earworm can overwinter at least as far north as southern Washington. Larva Upon hatching, larvae wander about the plant until they Life Cycle and Description encounter a suitable feeding site, normally the reproductive structure of the plant. Young larvae are not cannibalistic, so This species is active throughout the year in tropical and several larvae may feed together initially. -
Heliothis: a Global Problem
Heliothis: a Global Problem W. keed and C.S.Pawar' Abstract The geographical distribution of the major pests, Heliothis armigera, H. zea, and H. vlrescens, and the crop losses caused by these are reviewed. Although it is generally considered that the destruction of natural enemies by pesticide use and changes In cropping patterns and management have promoted these insects to malor pest status, there are areas where H. arml- gera Is a serious pest, although traditional agriculture is still practiced, and no pesticides are used. The dangers of a further increase in losses to Heliothis spp by breeding more susceptible crops are described. There is a need for a more imaginative and holistic approach to research directed towards the management of these pests. Heliothis, un probleme global: La communication fa~tle point sur la repartition gkographique des ravageurs importants que sont Heliothis armigera, H. zea et H. virescens, ainsi que les pertes culturales qui leur sont dues. En gdnkral, on considere que la destruction des prd- dateurs naturels, due B une utilisation de pesticides st des changements dans les modes de culture et de gestion, a permis que ces insectes s1618vent au rang de ravageurs importants. Cependant, on trouve des regions OD I'on pratique une agriculture traditionnelle, sans applica- tion de pesticides, et oc) H. armigera pose de graves problemes. Les dangers d'une augmenta- tion Bventuelle des dbgats imputables B Heliothis spp, suite i3 une selection de plantes plus sensibles B cet insecte, sont decrits. I1 taudrait adopter une approche plus imaginative et globale dans la recherche sur la lutte contre ces ravageurs. -
Chemistry& Metabolism Chemical Information National Library Of
Chemistry& Metabolism Chemical Information National Library of Medicine Chemical Resources of the Environmental Health & Toxicology Information Program chemistry.org: American Chemical Society - ACS HomePage Identified Compounds — Metabolomics Fiehn Lab AOCS > Publications > Online Catalog > Modern Methods for Lipid Analysis by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Related Techniques (Lipase Database) Lipid Library Lipid Library Grom Analytik + HPLC GmbH: Homepage Fluorescence-based phospholipase assays—Table 17,3 | Life Technologies Phosphatidylcholine | PerkinElmer MetaCyc Encyclopedia of Metabolic Pathways MapMan Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology MS analysis MetFrag Scripps Center For Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry - XCMS MetaboAnalyst Lipid Analysis with GC-MS, LC-MS, FT-MS — Metabolomics Fiehn Lab MetLIn LOX and P450 inhibitors Lipoxygenase inhibitor BIOMOL International, LP - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Lipoxygenase structure Lypoxygenases Lipoxygenase structure Plant databases (see also below) PlantsDB SuperSAGE & SAGE Serial Analysis of Gene Expression: Information from Answers.com Oncology: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center EMBL Heidelberg - The European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL - SAGE for beginners Human Genetics at Johns Hopkins - Kinzler, K Serial Analysis of Gene Expression The Science Creative Quarterly » PAINLESS GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING: SAGE (SERIAL ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION) IDEG6 software home page (Analysis of gene expression) GenXPro :: GENome-wide eXpression PROfiling -
Heliothis Virescens Species Group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) Based on Morphology and Three Genes
Systematic Entomology (2013), 38, 523–542 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12010 Revised status of Chloridea Duncan and (Westwood), 1841, for the Heliothis virescens species group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) based on morphology and three genes MICHAEL G. POGUE Department of Agriculture, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U.S, Washington, DC, U.S.A. Abstract. The Heliothinae comprise some of the world’s most injurious agricultural pests. This study reanalyses a subsample of the Heliothis group to determine the monophyly of Chloridea (Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa). Two nuclear gene regions, elongation factor-1α (EF-1α; 1240 bp) and dopa decarboylase (DDC ; 687 bp), and the barcoding region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI ; 708 bp) were used in this analysis for a total of 2635 bp and a morphological dataset of 20 characters and 62 character states. Sixteen species representing five genera plus two outgroup species were used in the analysis. Analyses used were Maximum Parsimony (MP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI). The revised status for the monophyletic genus Chloridea Duncan and (Westwood) was supported by a very strong bootstrap support (BP = 98–100). Larval host-plant usage is discussed within the Heliothis clade. Polyphagy is most likely the ancestral condition with a host shift to monophagy and oligophagy. Based on known larval hosts, Heliocheilus is oligophagous on Poaceae. Traits of host plant use in Helicoverpa and Chloridea where both polyphagy and oligophagy occur in closely related species are discussed. Introduction the world (Fitt, 1989). Cho et al. (2008) emphasized the importance of a reliable classification and phylogeny for work- Heliothinae (Noctuidae) currently comprises 381 named ers to communicate, organize and predict how traits important species worldwide with several unnamed species awaiting to their management, especially polyphagy, evolve. -
Heliothis Virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Initiation of Summer Diapause
Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Initiation of Summer Diapause G. D. BUTLER, JR., L. T. WILSON,' AND T. J. HENNEBERRY Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US. Department of Agriculture, Phoenix, Arizona 85040 J. Econ. Entomol. 78: 320-324 (1985) ABSTRACT Summer diapause of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis vlrescens (F.),is a period of extended duration of the pupal stage, particularly of males, initiated by high temperature. In summer insectary studies, up to 95% of the male pupae exhibited delayed development. The number entering summer diapause was associated with high temperatures before pupation. Almost all pupae that had entered summer diapause over a period of several months emerged during the last part of September and the first part of October. In laboratory studies, high fluctuating temperatures caused the highest percentage of individ- uals to enter summer diapause. An analysis of variance showed that the effect of temperature was much greater than photoperiod, but with a significant interaction between these two factors. A daily 8-h exposure at 43°C caused an average of 95.6%of males to diapause and 58.7% of females. Summer diapause only occurred when the maximum temperature ex- ceeded 32°C. When exposed to a fluctuating temperature of 23.9 to 40.6"C for all of the larval stage, all male pupae diapaused, while only 50% of the females entered summer diapause. When exposed for just the week before pupation, from 63 to 85% of the males diapaused compared to 15 to 50% of the females. Exposure of pupae 2 days after pupation still caused 24% of males to diapause (1% females) and 3 to 4 days after pupation, 8 to 9% to diapause (1-5%of females). -
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus As Biological Control Agent of Spodootera Exigua
NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSA S BIOLOGICAL CONTROLAGEN TO F SPODOPTERA EXIGUA CENTRALE LANDBOUWCATALOGUS 0000 0184 0665 m . Promotoren: dr.ir.J.P.H , vande r Want, emeritus-hoogleraar in de Virologie dr.J.C . vanLenteren , hoogleraar in de Entomologie, in het bijzonder de oecologiede r insekten Co-promotor: dr.J.M . Vlak, universitair hoofddocent dMcüttot |\Ko PETER HANS SMITS NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSA S BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTO F SPODOPTERA EXIGUA Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouwwetenschappen, op gezag van de rector magnificus, dr. C.C. Oosterlee, in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 7januar i 1987 des namiddags te vier uur in de aula van de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen. \^U< I07 Protinus elucet languentibusaurea pellis Deinde tumet, turpisque animis ignavia venit Desidibus, tandem rumpuntur, et omnia tetro Inficiunt tabo; sanies fluit undique membris uit: 'De Bombicum', M.H. Yida di Cremona (1527) CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 The problem 9 1.2 Spodoptera exigua 10 1.3 Nuclear polyhidrosis viruses 16 1.4 Greenhouses 21 1.5 Introduction to the chapters 24 OVIPOSITION OF SPODOPTERA EXIGUA IN GREENHOUSE CROPS 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Materials and methods 25 2.3 Results 27 2.4 Discussion 30 FEEDING AND DISPERSION OF SPODOPTERA EXIGUA LARVAE IN GREENHOUSE CROPS 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Materials and methods 33 3.3 Results 35 3.4 Discussion 39 SELECTION OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES FOR CONTROL OF SPODOPTERA EXIGUA 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 Materials and methods 43 4.3 Results 46 4.4 Discussion -
Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis Virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1 J
EENY-219 Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1 J. L. Capinera2 Distribution Life Cycle and Description The tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius), is Moths emerge March through May in southern states, fol- a native species and is found throughout the eastern and lowed by four to five generations through the summer, with southwestern United States, though it is also known from overwintering commencing September through November. California. It generally overwinters successfully only in Four generations have been reported from northern Florida southern states. However, it occasionally survives cold and North Carolina, and at least five from Louisiana. Moths climates in greenhouses and other sheltered locations. have been collected in New York July through September, Tobacco budworm disperses northward annually, and can but at such northern latitudes it is not considered to be a be found in New England, New York, and southern Canada pest. This species overwinters in the pupal stage. during the late summer. It also occurs widely in the Carib- bean, and sporadically in Central and South America. Eggs Eggs are deposited on blossoms, fruit, and terminal growth. The eggs are spherical with a flattened base. They measure 0.51 to 0.60 mm in width and 0.50 to 0.61 mm in height. Eggs initially are whitish to yellowish white in color but turn gray as they age. Narrow ridges radiate from the tip of the egg and number from 18 to 25. Eggs of tobacco budworm are nearly indistinguishable from those of corn earworm, Heliocoverpa zea. At high magnification, however, the primary ribs of tobacco budworm eggs can be observed to terminate before they reach the rosette of cells surrounding the micropyle; in corn earworm at least some primary ribs extend to the rosette.