408 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 30,
By Mr. WHEELER: A bill (H. R. 3107) to remove the polit SENATE. ical disabilities of Anderson Merchant-to the Committee on Mili tary Affairs. · MoNDAY, December 30, 1895. By Mr. WOOD: A bill (H. R. 3108) to grant a pension to Jesse Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. Durnell, late second-elass pilot on gunboat Lexington and trans The Journal of the proceedings of Friday last was read and ap fen·ed to gunboat Marmora-to t~e Committee on Invalid Pensions. proved. By Mr. WELLINGTON: A bill (H. R. 31Q9) disposing of one condemned brass cannon-to the Committee on Military Affairs. VICE-CONSULS AT ERZERUM AND HARPOOT. Also, a bill (H. R. 3110) to provide for the restatement, readjust The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the follo\ving ment, settlement, and payment of dues to army officers in certain message from the President of the United States; which was read, cases-to the Committee on Military Affairs. and, with the accompanying report, referred to the Committee on .Also, a bill (H. R. 3111) to carry into effect a finding of the Foreign Relations, and ordered to be printed: Court of Claims in favor of William Garrett, late of Montgomery To the Senate of the United State.s: County,-Md.-to-the Committee on War Claims. In response to the resolution of the Senate of the 21st instant relative to the refusal of the '.rur kish Government to grant e:x:equaturs to the vice-consuls of Also, a bill (H. R. 3112) granting a pension to Josephine Foote the United States at Erzeru.m and Harpoot, I transmit herewith a report Fairfax-to the Committee on Pensions. from the Secretary of State. By Mr. BAKER of Kansas: A bill (H. R. 3113) granting a pen GROVER CLEVELAND. EXECUTIVE MANSION, sion to MargaretA. Kidwell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Washington, December SO, 1895. JUDGMENTS IN INDIAN DEPREDATION CASES. PETITIONS, ETC. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica Under claus~ 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers tion from the Attorney-General, transmitting, pursuant to the pro were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: - visions of section 8 of the act of Congress "to provide for the By Mr. ADAMS: Resolutions of the Grocers and Importers' Ex adjudication and payment of claims arising from Indian depreda change of Philadelphia, for a canal from the Delaware River to tions," a list of judgments not heretofore reported to Congress or New York Bay-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com appropriated for, rendered in favor of claimants since the passage merce. of the act of March 2, 1895; which, with the accompanying list; By Mr. BAKER of Kansas: Petition in behalf of Mrs. Margaret was referred to the Committee on Indian Depredations, and ordered Kidwell, of Lincoln County, Kans., for pension-to the Commit to be printed. tee on Invalid Pensions. MESSAGE. FROM THE HOUSE. By Mr. BARTHOLDT: Petition of the St. Louis Merchants' A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. Exchange, in favor of the passage of the Torrey bankruptcy bill BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the-House had passed, to the Committee on the Judiciary. without amendment, the joint resolution (S. R. 32) authorizing By Mr. BINGHAM: Resolution of the Grocers and Importers' and directing the acceptance of the ram Katahdin, thereby making Exchange of Philadelphia., Pa., favoring the construction of a ship said ram a part of the United States·Navy. .. canal connecting the Delaware River with New York Bay-to the The message also announced that. the House had passed a. bill Committee on Rivers and Harbors. (H. R. 2904) to maintain and protect the coin redemption fund, and · By Mr~ BROMWELL: Resolutions of the Presbytery of Cin to authorize the issue of certificates of-indebtedness to meet tem cinnati, concerning Armenian troubles-to the Committee on porary deficiencies of revenue; in which it requested the concur- Foreign Affairs. rence of the Senate. . • By Mr. CROWTHER: Petition and papers to accompany claim ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. for relief of James H. Birch-to the Committee on War Claims. The message further announced that the Speaker of the House By Mr. FOSS: ·Petition of H. F. Thurston and 60 others, de had signed the following enrolled bills and joint resolution, and nouncing the treatment of the Armenians and asking for relief they were thereupon signed by the Vice-President: to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. A bill (H. R. 2264rfixing the times for holding the circuit and By Mr. HARDY: Petition and evidence to support House bill district courts of the northern district of Iowa and of the southern No. 986, granting a pension to Hiram P. Pauley-to the Commit district of Iowa; tee on Invalid Pensions. A bill (H. R. 2720) to make Palm Beach, Fla., a subport of entry By Mr. HARMER: A letter of certain Representatives of the and delivery; and . .. _ House recommending the retention of Charles W. Coombs as A joint resolution (H. Res. 56) to transfer offices of the United messenger during the Fifty-fourth Congress-to the Committee States in the Territory of Utah officers of the State of Utah. ·on Accounts. · to By Mr. LOW: Memorial of the J. C. Watc;;on Company and 101 PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. others, requesting that this Fifty-fourth Congress will authorize The VICE-PRESIDENT presented a memorial of the Boston the Secretary of War to contract with Charles Stoughton and his (Mass.) Baptist ·Ministers' Conference, remonstrating against the associates for the entire work of constructing a canal through the .!tppropriation of moneys in aid of contract schools; which was Harlem Kills, New York, 15 feet deep and 300 feet wide, for a sum referred to the Committee on Appropriations. notexceeding $1,450,000-totheCommitteeon Rivers and Harbors. Mr. PEFFER. I present a petition, in the form of resolutions By Mr. PICKLER: Petition of .James Garvie and· 110 others, adopted by L. W. Hampton Post, Grand Army of the Republic, Santee Indians, praying Congressto enact into law House bill No. of Newport, Mo., praying for legislation to protect pensioners 280, regarding sale of intoxicatingliquorstolndians-to the Com- against the dropping of their names from the pension rolls wi~h mittee on Indian Affairs. - out due legal proceeding, -and .also asking that widows be pro By Mr. REYBURN: Resolutions on the Cuban revolution-to tected against unreasonable delay in securing the pensions due to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. them under existing law. I move- that the petition be referred to By Mr. STEELE: Papers to accompany bill granting increase ·the Committee on Pensions. . of pension to Michael Pettis-to the Committee on Pensions. The motion was agreed to. By Mr. TAFT: Memorial from the Presbytery of Cincinnati, in Mr. PEFFER. I have a papir that I take to be in thenatm·e of regard to the Armenian outrages-to the Committee on Foreign a petition, and I so present it. It is in the form of a resolution of Affairs. Lincoln Post, Grand Army of the Republic, of Topeka, Kans., By Mr. TUCKER: Papers relating to the claim of Isaac S. tendering their services as veteran soldiers of the Republic to the Myers-to the Committee on War Claims. President of the United States in case we should have any armed By Mr. WANGER: Resolutions of Grocers and Importers' Ex unpleasantness with our neighbors on the other side of the At change of Philadelphia, favoring a ship canal from New York Bay lantic. I move that the paper be referred to the Committee on to Delaware River-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Foreign Relations. Commerce. · The motion was agreed to. By Mr. WHEELER: Petition of Thomas M. Hobbs! of Lime Mr. QUAY presented a petition, in the form of resolutions stone County, Ala., asking for remuneration for stores and supplies adopted by the Grocers and Importers'Exchange of Philadelphia, taken from him by the United States during the late civil war Pa., praying for the construction of a canal to connect the Dela to the Committee on War Claims. ware River with New York Bay; which was referred to the Com· Also, record of Francis W. Seeley, to accompany House bill mittee on Commerce. No. 2484-to the Committee on Military Affairs. ' Mr. ALLEN presented the petition of LeGrand Byington, of Also, papers relating to the claim of Gen. A. S. Webb-to the Iowa City, Iowa, praying for a repeal of all bond and national Committee on Military Affairs. · bank laws, and for the unlimited coinage of gold and silver and Also, papers relating to the claim of Lewis Hyde, of Colbert the issue of legal-tender money; which was referred to the Com County, Ala.-to the Committee on War Claims. . mittee on Finance. Also, :papers accompanying House bill No.. 703, for the relief of He also presented a petition of the Santee Sio~ tribe of Indians, lla:ry I. Graham-to the Committee on War Claims. praying for the passage of House bill No. 280, to prohibit the sa.1a 1895, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 409
of intoxicating drinks to Indians, and for other purposes; which Mr. HOAR. I do not wish to interpose any objection to any- was referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. thing the Senator from Indiana desires, as I hope he knows very Mr. MITCHELL of Wisconsin presented a petition of the Mil- well-- waukee Worsted Mills, of Layton & Co., of the National Knitting Mr. VOORHEES. Certainly. Cqmpany;and members of the Milwaukee Wool Merchants' As- Mr. HOAR. But I think the Senate has heretofore been pretty sociation, all of Milwaukee, Wis., praying that increased rates of strict in refusing to receive petitions or communications of any duty be imposed on wool and woolen goods; which was referred sort from citizens of a foreign government unless they come to the Committee on Finance. through the Department of State. It would seem to me, without Mr. KYLE presented a petition of sundry members of the San- much reflection, that the principle is pe0uliarly applicable to com tee Sioux tribe of Indians, praying for the passage of House bill munications from the accredited representatives of foreign gov N o. 280, to prohibit the sale of intoxicating drinks to Indians, and ernments, and it appears to me that the Senate can not properly for other purposes; which was referred to the Committee on Indian receive such a communication. Is there not something in the Affairs. rules on the subject? Mr. CALL presented a petition of sundry citizens of Manistee, Mr. VOORHEES. IftheSenatorfrom Massachusetts will a.now Mich., containing over five hlmdred signatures, praying for the me, I will state what perhaps I should have stated when I first speedy recognition as belligerents of the Cuban patriots in their presented the paper. The writer of this commrmication informs struggle for freedom; which was referred to the Committee on me, in writing to me this morning, as he did verbally on Saturday Foreign Relations. last, that he had communicated with the Secretary of State, Mr. Mr. VOORHEES presented sundry affidavits to accompany the Olney, and that Mr. Olney had sent his communication to the bill (S: 1139) granting an increase of pen&ion to A. S. Loudermilk; Committee on Foreign Relations. I ventured to say to him that which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. the Committee on' Finance, of which I am chairman yet for a little Mr. BUTLER. I present a petition of sundry citizens of New- while-only a· little while-has charge of that subject; and there bern, N. C., praying that lumber, both rough and dressed, be upon, acting upon that suggestion, he has sent the whole subject restored to the dutiable list. I move that the pitition be printed to me, I will say, with the understanding that it would go to the and referred to the Committee on Finance. Finance Committee. That is all. The motion was agTeed to. . Mr. HOAR. Will the senator allow me to read-it has been Mr. BACON presented a petition of the Savannah Cotton Ex- handed me by another Senator-the fom·th clause of the seventh change, of Savannah, Ga., and a petition of the city council of rule of the Senate? Savannah, Ga., praying for the enactment of legislation providing No petition or memorial or other paper signed by citizens or subjects of ·a additional defenses for the harbor of Savannah and other seacoast foreign power shall be received, unless the same be transmitted to the Senate cities; which were referred to the Committee on Coast Defenses. by the President. M.r. HAWLEY presented the petition of D. L. Burrows and 95 It seems to me this document comes clearly within that rule. ,- other citizens of Groton; the petition of Charles W. Carter and 112 .M.r. VOORHEES. The Senator from Massachusetts knows ·I other citizens of Norwich; the petition of Samuel Fessenden and do not wish to violat-e the rules. I know less of them, however, 107 other citizens of Stamford; the petition of H. B. Hanison·, N.D. than he does. · Sperry, and 67 other citizens of New Haven, and t~e petition of Mr. HALE. Will the Senator from Indiana allow me to make HenryC.Robinsonand30 other citizens of Hartford, all in the State a suggestion! of Connecticut, praying forthe purchase bythe United States of Mr. VOORHEES. Certainly. certain lots adjoining old Fort Griswold, in the town of Groton, Mr. HALE.- If, as I understood the Senator, the Secretary of Conn.; which were referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. State has sent this communication to the Committee on Foreign Mr. BRICE presented the petition of C. Poolk, of Dayton, Ohio, Relations- . prayingthatadutybeplacedonimportedPortlandcement; which M.r. VOORHEES. Yes. was referred to the Committee on Finance. Mr. HALE. Everything that the Senat.or desires to accom- He also presented the petition of Rev. Washington Gladden, plish may be done if that committee reports it to the Senate·for pastor, and the members of the First Congregational Church, of reference to the Committee on Finance. That cuts the whole Columbus, Ohio, praying for the adjustment of international mis- knot. understandings by arbitration; which was referred to the Com- Mr. VOORHEES. I suppose it is as much a violation of the mittee on Foreign Relations. rule just read to communicate the..·paJ>er through the Committee Mr. COCKRELL presented a petition of the board of directors on Foreign Relations as through the Committee on Finance. I do of the Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, Mo., praying for the not see the difference. passage of the Torrey bankruptcy bill; which was referred to the Mr. HALE. But I understood the Senator to say that the Sec- Committee on the Judiciary. retary of State had sent the communication to the Committee on Mr. HOAR presented a petition, in the form of resolutions . Foreign Relations. adopted by the Manufacturers' Club of Philadelphia, Pa., and in- Mr. MORGAN~ - The Secretary of State has not sent a com dorsad by the Plymouth Woolen Company, of Plymouth, Mass., munication from any diplomatic agent of the Government" of praying for the enactment of legislation for the protection of the Argentina to the Committee on Foreign Relations. He WI'ote-a woolgrowers of the United States, and that duties compensatory note to the chairman of that committee informin~ me that such and protective be iii).posed on manufactures of wool; which was a communication, or sonie communication on thlS subject, had refen-ed to the Committee on Finance. been received from the charge d'affaires of the Argentine Re- He also presented the petition of C. F. Hovey & Co. and sun- public; but he did not communicate the paper. itself to the com· dry other dry goods merchants of Boston, Mass., praying that no mittee. Thereupon I wrote to the Secretary and asked him his change in the tariff laws shall take effect before March 1, 1896, to opinion in regard to the power and jurisdiction of the Congress the end that merchants may have time to c.omplete existing con- of the United States in considering a question of that sort on a tracts; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. presentation made by a foreign government. The matter stands in that situation. The rule quoted by the Sentor from Massachu- PAPER ON TRADE WITH ARGENTINA. setts is of course obligatory upon the Senate of the United Mr. VOORHEES. I have a communication from Senor Don States. I suggest to the Senator from Indiana that he withdraw Vicente J. Dominguez, charge d'affaires of the Argentine legation his motion for the present and see whether the Secretary of State at this place, on the subject of commercial relations between that intends to send in the communication. country and ours, especially in view of pending tariff legislation, Mr. VOORHEES. I will let the motion stand over without which I ask may be printed and referred to the Committee on action. I ask that the subject may go over just in the shape it is. Finance. · The VICE-PRESIDENT. Under the fourth clause of Rule VII, The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, it will be so or- which has been read, the paper, in the judgment of the Chait, dered. can not be received as presented, but on the suggestion of the Mr. HOAR. Will the Chair be kind enough to announce what Senator from Indiana the matter will go over for the present. · was the request of the Senator from Indiana? M.r. MORGAN subsequently said: With respect to the papers The VICE-PRESIDENT. TheSenartorfromindianarequested that were presented this morning by the Senator from Indiana that theflaper he presents be referred to the Committee on Finance rMr. VOORHEES] in regard to the tariff question as affecting the and printed. Argentine Republic, I find I was in error in one particular. ·I Mr. HOAR. What is the paper? thought all the papers were new, but I find there are but two of Mr. VOORHEES. It is a communication from the charge them which have not been hitherto presented in some form to the ?-'aff~ires of t.he Argentine legation (~o~ in charge of t~e legation Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. The Secretary of m th~s place m the absen~e of t~e II?-nnster) on the subJect of the . ~tate sent to the C~mmittee on Foreign Relations a communica- . pending and proposed tari!f ~eg:tslation. Itlon addressed to him by Senor Dominguez, the charge d'affaires Mr. HOAR. To whom IS It addressed? · of the Argentine Republic, relating to the tariff on wool. Since Mr. VO~~HEES. It is addressed tothe chairman of the Com- - t~e communication was sen~ to the Comniittee on Foreign Rela- mtttee on E mance. . . · tions there has been no meeting of that committee; and as. chair- 410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 30, man of it I did not consider that I had the right to bring the He also introduced a bill (8.1226) to correct the military record paper before this body without the authority of the committee. of John W. Canary; which was read twice by its title, and referred If the executive department choose to make a communication to to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Senate or to either House of Congress upon a matter of this He also introduced a bill (S.1227) granting a pension to Eliz& kind, of course that communication ought to have been addressed beth New, widow of Jethrow New; which was read twice by its diTectly to Congress; and not being a member of the executive title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. government at all, but merely a Senator and chairman of a Sen He also introduced a bill (S.1228) granting an increase of pen ate committee, I concluded it was my duty to await the action of sion to Reuben Miles; which was read twice by its title, and, with the commit tee before I brought that paper before the Senate, if at the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. all. The charge d'affaires, however, must have understood and Mr. CAMERON introduced a bill (S.1229) for the relief of did unde1·stand, no doubt, that the paper had been communicated Julius A. Kaiser; which was read twice by its title, and, with the to the Senate through the Committee on Foreign Relations. The accompanying paper, referred to the CommitteeonNavalAffn.irs. other two papers to which I refer are new andhavenotheretofore Mr. CAFFERY introduced a bill (S. 1230) to extend the limits been under consideration by the Senate or by any of its commit of the port of entry of New Orleans; which was read twice by its tees, as I understand. title, and referred to the Committee on Commerce. I wanted to make this explanation so that the Senator from In He also introduced a bill (S. 1231) for the relief of Fanny B. dial;la might be set entirely right, for I observe in the papers he Randolph and Dora L. Stark; which was read twice by its title, has submitted to the Senate that there is a copy of the communi and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the Committee on cation which was sent to me as chairman of the committee, and Claims. a copy of that communication is made the predicate for the pres 1!.Ir. HARRIS. By request of the Commissioners of the District entation of the additional papers. That is all that I find it nec of Columbia I introduce two bills which, with the accompanying essary to say about it at the present time, merely to clear up what letter from the Commissioners in each case, I ask may be referred might otherwise be considered as a matter of delicacy between the to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Senator from Indiana and the charge d'affaires of the Argentine The bill (S. 1232) to license billiard tables, and for other pur Republic. poses, was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying I will say this further about it, Mr. President, that, doubting paper, referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. whether such legislation as is suggested by the communication The bill (S. 1233) to regulate the practice of veterinary medicine itself, if it was enacted by Congress, would be an interference with and surgery in the District of Columbia was read twice by its the farvored-nations clauses of the various commercial treaties that title, and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the Commit we have, I asked the Secretary of State for his opinion upon it, that tee on the District of Columbia. I might submit that, in conjunction with this communication, to Mr. PROCTOR (by request) introduced·abill (S.1234) to author the Committee on Foreign Relations. The subject will immedi ize the extension of the Columbia Railway, and for other puposes; ately pass out of my hands when the Senator from Ohio [Mr. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee SHERMAN] succeeds in the chairmanship of that committee, and on the District of Columbia. I desired to make this explanation before the committees were Mr. HOAR introduced a bill (S. 1235) for the relief of the heirs reorganized. of Lewis Smith, deceased; which was read twice by its title, and HOUSE BILL REFERRED. referred to the Committee on Claims. The bill (H. R. 2904) to maintain and protect the coin redemp Mr. PLATT introduced a bill (S. 1236) amending chapter 2 of tion fund, and to authorize the issue of certificates of indebtedness the Revised Statutes, relating to trade-marks; which was read to meet temporary deficiencies of revenue, was read twice by its twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Patents. title, and referred to the Committee on Finance. Mr. ALLEN. At the request~of my colleague [Mr. THURSTON] , who is necessarily detained from his seat to-day, I desire to intro THE PUBLIC LANDS AND THEm WATER SUPPLY. duce a bill and have it referred to the Committee on Finance. Mr. GORMAN, frQm the Committee on Printing, to whom was The bill (S. 1237) to regulate the issuance of Government bonds, referred the following concurrent resolution, reported it without and for other purposes, was read twice by its title, and referred amendment; and it was considered by unanimous consent, and to the Committee on Finance. agreed to: Mr. MITCHELL of Wisconsin introduced a bill (S. 1238) tore Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That there move the charge of desertion from the military record of Philip be printed, under the direction of the Department of the Interior, 6,
r?om in the District of Columbia; which was read twice by its The bill was read the second time at length, as follows: title, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Be rt enacted by the Senate and House of Represfffl tatives of the United States He also introduced a bill (S. 1248) for the relief of Walter S. o.{ America in Congress assembled, That the Interstate Commerce Commis SIOn shall be enlarged to a number equal to the States of the Union· and one Kimmel; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the member from each State, who shall be a resident thereof shall be ~ppointed Committee on Claims. and ho~d ?is office as now provided by law for the existfug members of the 1\Ir. D-?-VIS ~troduced a bill.(S. 124~) granting a pension to Conu:m.ss1on. SEC. 2. Said Commission shall hold r~ar sessions in the city of Washington John Hemz; which was read twice by Its title, and, with the ac four times annually, andalli~actsand proceedings shall be authenticated by companying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. votes adopted by a majority of the members and duly r ecorded. It shall He also introduced a bill (S. 1250) to amend chapter 132, United ch_oose annually by ~ot a ch~ and secretary and an executive com· m1ttee of five, of which the cha.ll'IIlan shall be a member and the chairman · St.ates statutes, second session Fifty-third Congress; which was SEC. 3. .All the power and authority conferred by la.w. upon the Interstate read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying paper; referred Commer~ Co~on as now constituted shall be held and exercised and to the Committee on the Judiciary. th~res~lting duties shall.be perf~~ed.byth~ Co~ion as enlarged by He also introduced a bill (S. 1251) regulate the compensation t~ act, and whenever sa1d .C01IUillSSlon 1S not m sessiOn, the executive com to nut~ee s~all hold and exerCISe such power and authority and perform such of the United States district attorney for the district of Minnesota· du t1es With the same force and effect as if said Commission were m session. which was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying SEc. 4. Th~ members of the Interstate Commerce Commission shall be paid a compensatiOn of $10 per day each when the Commission is in session, not paper, referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. however, to exceed $400 in each year; and in addition, their actual traveling He also introduced a bill (S. 1252) fixing salaries for the clerks expenses to a.J!d from th~ pl~ of session by ~e nearest r<;m,te, and an allow· of the United States circuit and district courts for the district of .ance, for su~ten~ while gomg and returnmg and remammg in session, of MinD:esota; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom S3 per day. :rhe chairman, secretary, and members of thil executive commit ~e shall respectively receive, in lieu of the above allowance, the salaries pro panymg paper, referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. ~~~~~ for the members and officers of the Commission as now by law He also introduced a bill (S.1253) granting a pension to Joseph Koehler; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom ~E9. 5. This act shB:ll take effect on July 1, 1896, but the members of the Com panying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. IruSS1on may be nommated and confirmed and appointed before that date. MI·. QUAY introduced a bill (S. 1254) granting an increase of Mr. CULLOM. I was not present when the bill was introduced pension to Enoch J. Lewis; which was read twice by its title, and and I do not know where it came from, but it is a pretty sweeping referred to the Committee on Pensions. measure and I think it ought to be referred to the Committee on .M?-·· TEL~_introduced a bill (~.1255) to d~lare the juris Interstate Commerce. diction of crrcmt courts of the United States m certain cases· ¥r.. CHAN:pBER. Approving the diligence of the Senator from which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committe~ illinoiS, I deSire to say that my request was that the bill might be on the Judiciary. referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. llr. SEWELL introduced a bill (S- 1256) to increase the limit of Mr. CULLOM. Very well. cost for the ~rectio~ of_a public building in Camden, N.J.; which The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will be referred t.o the Com was read twice by Its title, and referred to the Committee on Pub mittee on Inrerstate Commerce. lic Buildings and Grounds. Mr. CHANDLER introduced a bill (S. 1273) for the relief of Mr. BURROWS introduced a bill (S. 1257) for the relief of the estate of John Ericsson; which was read twice by its title and Barker Williams and others; which was read twice by its title referred to the Committee on Claims. ' and referred to the Committee on Claims. ' . He also introd~~ed a bill (S. 1274) to remove the charge of deser He also introduced a bill (S. 1258) for the relief of James G. tion from the mil1tary record of Stephen S. Bennett· which was Barker; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee' on Military Committee on Claims. Affairs. He also introduced a bill (S. 1259) for the relief of James K. . He alsointro~~ced a bill (S. 1275) to remove the charge of deser Bowman; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the tion from the military record of Frank Bolio; which was read twice Committee on Pensions. · by its title_, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. He also introduced a bill (S. 1260) for the relief of Johan H. ~e also mtroduced a bill (S. 1276) granting a pension to John L. Johnson; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Britton; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. Committee on Pensions. He also introduced a bill (8.1261) for the relief of John Reed He also introduced a bill (S. 1277) for the appointment as lieu alias Michael Flannagan; which was read twice by its title, and ~nants on th~ :r;etired l}st of ce1·tain sll!vivors of the Lady Frank- refened to the Committee on Military Affairs. . . 1m Bay expedition; which was read tWice by its title, and referred H e also introduced a bill (S. 1262) for the relief of Sarah A. to the Committee on Military Affairs. Moore; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the ¥r· GEAR introduced a bill {S. 1278) for the relief of John A. Committee on Pensions. Sp1elman; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the . He also introduced a biJ! (S. 1263) granting an increase of pen Committee on Military Affairs. He also introduced a bill (S. 1279) granting a pension to Rich ~on to ~r~es F. San...~ramte, !ate of Company B, Fifteonth Reg JIDent 1\Iichigan Infantry; which was read twice by its title and ardson M. Penn; which was read twice by its title and referred referred to the Committee on Pensions. ' to the Committee on Pensions. ' B e also introduced a bill (S. 1264) granting a pension to William Mr. HARRIS. At the request of the Commissioners of the A. Buck; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Distric~ of Col~bia, I introduce a. jojnt resolution. The joint Cominittee on Pensions. resolution prov1aes for an appropriation, and inasmuch as the He also introduced a bill (S. 1265) for the relief of Emmart Committee on Appropriations deals with the appropriation bills Dunbar & Co.; which was read twice by its title, and referred for the District, I will ask that the joint resolution after a second u; reading, be referred, with the accompanying lett~r to the Com- the Committee on the District of Columbia. mittee on Appropriations. ' Mr. PEFFER introduced a bill (8.1266) for the relief of Daniel · The joint resolution (S. R. 36) to provide for the payment of the W. Boutwell; which was read twice by its title, and referred to force of Truck Company Din the District of Columbia was read the Committee on Military Affairs. twice by its title, and, with the accompanying paper referred to Mr. ELKINS introduced a bill (S. 1267) for the relief of Henry the Committee on Appropriations. ' T. Woody; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Mr. BRICE introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 37) directing the Committee on G"1.aims. Secretary of War to cause an examination to be made of the ~e also introduced a bill (S.1268) for the relief of Daniel K. physics and hydraulics of the Great Lakes and their outlets· which Shields; which was read twice by 1ts title, and referred to the was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee o~ Com Committee on Military Affairs. merce . . He also introduced a bill (S.1269) granting an increase of pen AMENDMENTS TO BILLS. mon to John S. Hall; which was read twiee by its title and re- ferred to the Committee on Pensions. ' Mr. JONES of Arkansas submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by~ to the bill (H. R. 2904) to maintain and protect Mr. B~R introduced a bill (S.1270) granting a pension to the com redemption fund, and authorize the issue of certificates Theodore Brrkhauser; which was read twice by its title and re- to ferred to the Committee on Pensions. · ' ' of indebtedness to meet temporary deficiencies of revenue: which w~s referred to the Committee on Finance, and ordered to be Mr: GALLINGER introduced a bill (S.1271) granting a pension prmted. to Elizabeth Moore English; which was read twice by its title and MJ:. SQUIRE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed referred to tl.e Committee on Pensions. ' by him to the bill (H. R. 2749) to temporarily increase revenue to ]fr. CHANDLER introduced a bill (8.1272) to enlarge the Inter me~t the expenses of Governme:tl.~nd provide against a deficiency· state Commerce Commission; which was read the first time by its wh1ch was referred to the Committee on Finance and ordered u; title. · , be printed. . ' Mr. CHANDLER. I ask that the bill may be read at length MI:. SHOUP ~ubmitted an amendment intended to be proposed and referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. by him to the bill (H. R. 274.9) to temporarily increase revenue to 412 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.- DECEMBER 30, meet the expenses oil Government and provide against a deficiency; ARMOR FOR N.A. V.A.L VESSELS. which was referred to the Committee on Finance. and ordered to Mr. CHANDLER. I submit a resolution and ask for its present be printed. consideration. Mr. ALLEN submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by The resolution was read, as follows: him to the bill (H. R. 2904) to maintain and protect the coin redemp R esolved, That the Committee on Naval Affairs be directed to inquire tion fund and toauthorizetheissueof certificates of indebtedness to whether the prices paid or agreed to ba paid for armor for vessels of the meet temporary deficiencies of the revenue; which was referred Navy have been fair and reasonable and as low as the prices charged by the same manufacturers to foreign governments; also whether any prices paid to the Committee on Finance, and ordered to be printed. have been increased on account of patent processes used for the int roduction Mr. SEWELL submitted an amendment intended to be pro- . of nickel, or for cementation by the Harvey process; and if so, whether the posed by him to the bill (H. R. 27A9) to temporarily increase reve increases in price are fair and reasonable; whether the issuance of any of the patents was expedited at the request of the Navy Department; whether nue to meet the expenses of Government and provide against a such patents were_properly issued and were for inventions not previously deficiency; which was referred to the Committee on Finance, and known or used, and who were and are the owners of such patents; whether ordered to be printed. any officers of the Government were interested therein; or at the time when any contracts were made were or have since been interested in the patents P.A.PERS WITHDR.A WN AND REFERRED. or employed by the owners thereof; and whether any legislation is necesaary to further promote the manufacture and cheapen. the price of armor for ves On motion of Mr. PASCO, it was sels of the Navy. Ordered, That the papers in the claim of Mary E. Boyd, of Florida, now in the office of the Secretary of the Senate, be withdrawn from the files of that The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con· office and referred to the Committee on Claims. sideration of the resolution? DEEP WATERWAYS .A.SSOCI.A.TION. Mr. GORMAN. Let it go over until to-'morrow. Mr. BRICE submitted the following concurrent resolution; The VICE-PRESIDENT. There is objection. The resolution which was referred to the Committee on Printing: will go over under the rule. Resolved by the Senate (the House of R epresentatives conC'UrJ"ing), That there TELEPHONE SERVICE IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.. be printed at the Government Printing Office, at the earliest day practicable, 3.000 copies, in separate form, of the Proceedings of the First Annual Con Mr. ALLEN submitted the following resolution; which was con· vention of the International Deep Waterways Association, for circulation as a sidered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: miscellaneous document1 of which 1,000 shall be for the use of the Senate and Resolved, That the Commissioners of the District of Columbia be, and they are 2,000 copies for the use or the House of Representatives. hereby directed to inform the Senate of the number of telephone companies DAMS .A.T OUTLETS OF THE GREAT LAKES. now domg1 business in the District of Columbia. and the. city of Washington, the name of each of said companies, when and where they were incorporated, Mr. BRICE submitted the following resolutions; which were respectively, and to what extent they are severally capitalized, and the num read: · ber of telephones of each company now in actual use m the said District and Resolved, That the Secretary of War be directed to transmit to the Senate city; also the names of all other telephone comp_l).nies now seeking to do busi any and all information that he may have on the question of the subsidence ness in the District of Columbia and the city of Washington, when and where of the waters of the Great Lakes during the last few years, and to what ex each was incorporated, and their capitalization, respectively, together with tent, if any, the deepening and widening of the natural channels connecting the price charged for telephones now in actual use for business purposes and them have contributed to that result; and for residences. Be it further 1·esolved, That he be directed to report to the Senate whether, FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ORLANDO, FLA.. in his opinion, it will be practicable to control the water of the Great Lakes and mamtain them at a uniform level from the head of Lake SnJ?erior to the Mr. CALL. I offer a resolution by request of the president and foot of Lake Erie by a system of dams or other works placed at thell' respective some of the officers of the First National Bank of Orlando, Fla., outlets; and if so, to furnish an estimate of the kind of dam or dams or other works that will be required at the respective outlets, together with the prob for the purpose of obtaining· information to be communicated to able cost thereof, and the time necessary for the construction of the same. the Committee on National Banks with a view to legislation. I Mr. BRICE. Let the resolutions lie on the table for the present. ask for its present consideration. . The VICE-PRESIDENT. It will be so ordered. The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to, as follows: CORTHELL'S LECTURE ON ISTHMI.A.N ROUTES. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, directed . On motion of Mr. COCKRELL, it was to send to the Senate the correspondence and other papers in his possession Ordered, That 3,000 copies of Mr. E. L. Corthell's lecture be printed for the relatin!, to the First National Bank of Orlando, Fla., and the receiver lastapo use of the Senate, in addition to the usual number heretofore ordered. fi~~te , and the transactions connected with Sldd bank under his administra- REPRINT OF TARIFF ACT OF 1890. NOTICES OF BUSINESS. Mr. GORMAN submitted the following resolution; which was Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I give notice that at the conclu considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: sion of the speech of the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGEl Resolved, That there be printed, for the use of the Senate, 500 copies of the I shall ask the Senate to proceed to the appointment of the stan to make such payment in gold coin whenever the market value of 25.8 grains Fourth. The amount of the revenues of the District of Columbia applied of standard gold is less than the market value of 412t grains of standard silver, by the •rreasurer of the United States to liquidate any undue debt of the and to continue to pay in such gold coin until the market value of 25.8 grains District of Columbia to the United States or other parties from 1878 to 1895 of standard gold shall be equal to the market value of 412! grains of standard and from what fund taken and to what debt applied, and if any of such rev- silver, but when the market value of 25.8 grains of standard gold shall be greater than the market value of 412t grains of pure silver he shall pay said ~1: ~f~:e~~~~d;? t~~dr~h:e~~s~i t~~ ~tr?~ts~lhc~~~~g:!{h:¥ ~ coin obligations as they mature in silver coin, and continue to ~ay the same remain above the appropriation asked for at the end of the years 1895 and in silver coin until the market value of 412t grains of standard silver shall be 1896. equal to the market value of 25.8 grains of standard gold. Mr. CALL. I ask fo1· the present consideration of that resolu Mr. CULLOM. I suppose that resolution ought to be referred tion, which was submitted at the request of a labor association of to the Committee on Finance, aud I move that it be so referred. the District of Columbia. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion sub The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the mitted by the Senator from Illinois. resolution. , Mr. BUTLER. I hope the Senator will withdraw his motion. Mr. HARRIS. Was that resolution introduced this morning, I should like to make a few remarks on the resolution before any or was it laid before the Senate, having been previously intro action is taken upon it. . duced? Mr. CULLOM. I withdraw the motion, as I understand the The VICE-PRESIDENT. It comes over from a previous day. Senator desires to speak to the resolution before its reference. Mr. HARRIS. Has the resolution been printed? The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, the resolution The VICE-PRESIDENT. It has been printed. will go over, retaining its place. Mr. HARRIS. I hope the Senator from Florida will not ask . CORPORATE INFLUENCE IN POLITICAL AFFAIRS. for its consideration this morning. I wish to look at it before the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate a Senate takes action upon it. That it involves an immense amount resolution submitted by the Senator fr.om Florida, coming over of clerical work is the only possible objection I can now see to it, from a previous day, which will be read. but I should be glad to examine it before it is acted upon. The Secretary read the resolution submitted by Mr. CALL De Mr. CALL. I comply with pleasure with the request of the cember 24, 1895, as.follows: chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia. As I Resolved, That a select committee of five Se:na.tors be app~inted _by ~he stated, the resolution comes to me from citizens who are members President of the Senate, who shall be char&"ed With the duty of 1uvest1gating of a labor association in the District of Columbia, and, as I under the subject of the efforts of corporations m the State of Florida, or of the stand, it represents their views. president and directors thereof, to eontrol the election of members of Con gress from the State of Florida, or to influence the legislation of Congress; The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be passed over a.lso to investigate and report to the Senate whether corrupt means, bribery, without prejudice. or free transportation have been or are being used toinfl.uencesuchelections in the State of Florida; also to inquire and report to the Senate whether the BATTLE SIDPS FOR THE NAVY. use of such influences or means is consistent with the preservation of theRe The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate a public of the United States and the rights and liberties of the people, and to r.esolution submitted by the Senator from Pennsylvania, coming report a bill for the prevention of such practices. over from a previous day, which will be read. Mr. CALL. I ask that that resolution be allowed to go over The Secretary read the following resolution, submitted by Mr. without losing ita place. QUAY December 27, 1895: . The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, it will be so or Resolved, That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he is hereby, directed to dered. inform the Senate whether, in his o~inion, it would be advantageous to the PAN-AMERICAN UNION. naval service to now contract for siX battle ships., instead of for the two at present authorized, on the basis of the bids now oefore the Navy Depart The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate a ment, modified as might be in the opinion of the Department to the public in· resolution submitted by the Senator from Nebraska, coming over terest. from a previous day, which will be read. Mr. HALE. I move that the resolution be referred to the Com The Secretary read the following resolution submitted by Mr. mittee on Naval Affairs. ALLEN December 24, 1895: Mr. QUAY. I should be glad if the Senator from Maine would Whereas recent events have shown that European nations are making an explain why the resolution should go to the Committee on Naval ~aressive attempt to obtain a greater foothold on the American Continent; Affairs. It is a mere request of the Secreta.ry of theNavythathe Whereas such an attempt shows the necessity of a closer union of the should furnish information in his possession relative to the con American Republics: Therefore struction of these ships, a question which at the present juncture Be it resolved That it is the sense of the Senate that the United States of America should, as speedily as possible, invite all American Republics to enter interests the whole country. I do not see that it is necessary that into a closer union, .to be known as the Pan-American Union, for the purpose the Committee on Naval Affairs should be called upon to pass on of promoting the general, industrial, and commercial welfare of the members that question. thereof, and secure said respective Republics from European or other foreign Mr. HALE. If it is only a resolution of inquil'v-- encroachment. Such union should be made of lasting benefit to the people of the several Republics forming it and a unit of value should be established Mr. QUAY. That is all. - and maintained therein, which shall be a full legal tender and circulate freely Mr. HALE. I thought it was a resolution of direction. If it batween the various Republics and the people thereof. is only a resolution of inquiry, I have no objection to it. Mr. ALLEN. Let that be passed over without prejudice. Mr. QUAY. That is all it is. The VICE-PRESIDEN'r. Without objection, it will be so or The "VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the dered. resolution. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AFFAffiS. The resolution was agreed to. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate a INCREASE OF COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP. resolution submitted by the Senator from Florida, coming over The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate a from a previous day, which will be read. resolution coming over from a previous day, which will be read. The Secretary read the following resolution submitted by Mr. The Secreta,ryread the resolution submitted by Mr. CALL on the CALL December 24, 1895: 27th instant, as follows: Resolved, That the Commissioners of the District of Columbia be, and are I give.notice under the rule of an amendment in the Senate rules in para hereby, directed to furnish, as soon as practicable, for the information of the w:aph 9, line 9, page 153, Rule XXV, by striking out the words in the lines Senate, a statement showing- 'A Committee on Commerce, to consist of thirteen members," and inserting First. The names of all streets, avenues, alleys, and reservations in the the following: limits of the cities of Washington and Georgetown which are partially or "Resolved, That the Committees on Naval Affairs, Military Affairs. Judi- wholly unpaved, and the total length thereof so unpaved; also the length thereof unsewered; also the length thereof without water mains, togetlier ~:l'i.Sf~F~~:!~Wefs~propria.tions, and Interstate Commerce shall each with the estimated cost of fully improving the same. "Second. That until each of the Senators shall be assigned to one of the Second. An estimate of the fUll amount required to carry out the provisions before-mentioned committees no Senator shall be a member of more than one of the act of March 2, 1893, to provide a ~ermanent system of highways in the of the said committees. District of Columbia outside of the cities of Washington and Georgetown; "Third. That five members shall constitute a quorum of the said com the total number of feet of land in streets, avenues, and reservations required mittees. to be condemned in each subdivision or _piece of land and the value of the "A Committee on Commerce created, which shall be charged with all ques Ba.ID.e; the number and estimated value of buildings required to be condemned tions which concern the foreign commerce of the United States and the im to carry out the provisions of said act in such districts as are prepared by the provement of the tide-water harbors of the United States. Commissioners of the District of Columbia; the total number of feet of land "A Committee on Rivers and Harbors, which shall be char&"ed with the con in streets avenues, etc., in ea{}h subdivision or piece of land that will be sideration of all bills for the improvement of riven; and inland lakes and abandoned., and the amount and nature of improvements of such streets, ave harbors, which shall consist of fifteen members, of which five shall constitute nues, etc., the amount of said improvements at public and private expense. a quorum." Also an estimate of the cost of fully improving said streets, a venue3, and res ervations by grading, paving, sewering, and laying water mains, building Mr. CALL. I ask that that resolution may lie over without bridges, culverts, etc., m such streets, avenues, and reservations as are to be prejudice. condemned by the provisions of said highway act; an estimate of the value of property held by the United States, and the assessed value of private prop The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, it will be so or- erty held in the county. outside of Washington and Georgetown. dered. · Third. A statement showing the amount of taxes collected in the cities of THE MONROE DOCTRINE. Washington and Georgetown and the county1 respectively, by years, from 1878 to 1894, both inclusive, and in like manner ~he amount expended in each Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, on the first day of the session I el Ba.id sections by the District of Columbia for the same period. introduced a joint resolution reciting the declaration made by·Mr. 414 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 30, Mo~oe in his message '?f December., 1823, and giving to that decla have been the guide of all succeeding statesmen in the United ration the formal sanction of Congress. I had not intended to ad States upon this point from that day to this: " dress the Senate upon that resolution until it had received the . The great rule 9f conduct for us in r egard to foreign nations is, in extend consideration of the Committee on Foreign Relations and as I mg om: commermal relations, to have with them as little political connection ventured to ·hope, been favorably reported by them. But 'since as poSSI:t>le. So far as we },lave already formed engagements let them be ful- filled With perfect good fru.th. H er e let us stop. ' then the President has sent in his message on the Venezuelan diffi Europe ll;as a set of primary inter ests which to us ha.ve none or a very re· culty, and. C~mgres ~, without a .dissenting voice, has authorized mote re~a tiOJ?.- Hence she. must be. engaged in frequent conb·oversies the the coiil1IllsSlon which the President requested. This action on causes OJ. whi.ch ~re esse~tia~y formgn to our concerns. Hence, ther efore, it ~~t :00 unWJ.Se m us~ .unplica.te ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinar the part ~f the President. and of Congress has led to a great deal V1~1tu~es of her J>?litics or the ordinary combinations and collisions of hJ · of discussiOn and much wild talk. Those persons in this country friendships or ennuties. who, for one reason or another, believe that we should never do Our detached and dista-nt. situation invites and enables us to pursue a dif fer ~nt <_lourse. If we r emam one people, under an efficient government. the anything which can clash with English interests have filled the air period IS not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoy with their cries and lamentations. It is true that they are more ance; when 'Ye may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrali!r we vocal than numerous, but they are very vocal indeed. This out may at _any time resol-ye upoJ?. ~ be scrup~lously r~~cted; when belliger cry,. coupled with L~ndon ' s attempt to frighten Congress by pro e_nt natwns, under t~e. rmpoSSibihty of making acqnlSltions upon us, will not lightly.hazard the ~vmg 1l!l PI:ovocation; when we .m.n.y choose peace or war ducmg a stock pamc, has tended to confuse the issue and to as our mterest, gwded by JUStice, shall counseL mislead many persons. When men usually sane cable to London Why forego the ad~ntages of so peculiar ~situation? Why quit our own such frantic nonsense as that the Senate is controlled by a jingo stand to go upon foreign ground? Why, by mterweaving our destiny with that of any pa~. of E:uope._ en~gle our peace and prosperity in the toils of mob in the galleries, by "" the gentlemen of the pavement" like European ambition, I"IValsh1p, mterest, humor, or caprice? the French convention during the Reign of Terror, it seems ~s if a little cool explanation of the real situation would not be out of In the years immediately following the reti.rement of Washing place. I shall therefore venture to ask the attention of the Senate ton ~he .Government of the "!Jl!ited States, despite the change of while I state very briefly the case upon which the President and :parties m c'?ntrol of the admimstration, adhered strictly to Wash Congress, charged with the heavy responsibility of government mgton's policy. For the protection of American citizens abroad have acted without a dissenting voice. I shall try to show what th~ theyfonght a naval war :w-ith t~e Barbary States, but held rigidly Mom·oe doctrine is, what it means to the United States, and that aloof from any connectiOn With European -affairs during the it is vitally i;n~olved in this Vene~uelan controversy. I shall also troublous times of the First Empire. After the downfall of Nar showthatthisisnot a petty quest10n of a South American bound pol~on, howev~r '·matters in. Europe took a new turn. The Holy ary, but one in which, so far as it concerns us, the safety and the ~1ance, conSistin~ of RUSSla, Prussia, and Austria, was formed honor of the United Stat.es and its place in the scale of nations With the ayowed ?bJect of restoring and maintaining the old forms are all deeply involved. of ~bsolutism which had really been destroyed in the French Revo These are the gravest questions which can confront any peopl~ lution, although the statesmen of the Holy Alliance were unable and.mus~ be fi!ea~d by those charged with the conduct of publi~ to understand it. affairs With dignity, calmness, and firmness. Wild denunciation ~t the congress of Aix.la Chapelle in 1818 the views of the Holy of public men responsible for the nation's peace and safety and Alhan~ as to the necessity of suppressing all movements against bound to protect her rights are as wholly out of place on the absolutism were strongly advocated. In 1820 another congress one hand as bluster, threats, and violent language are on the was held at_Tr?ppau an~ later at Leyba.ch, and there it was pro other. posed to nmte m represSing the revolution which had broken out mNaples. England protested and Austria suppressed the revolt ~he war scare a_n~ ~e war talk do not come from those charged With the responsibility of government, but from outside these alone. In 1822 another congress met at Verona this time to deal walls and chiefly from the stock market and the meetings of the with ~he affairs of Spain.· There was an insurredtion in the Penin advocates of peace. No responsible public man, let me say now sula Itself and the Spanish-American colonies we1·e in open re desires war or seeks in any way to promote it. We do not believe' yolt. Agai;n it was propos~ that the gi'eat powers should unite here at least, that there is any danger of war, but we are all agreed m s~:ppressmg these revolutionary movements, and again England that honorable peace can be most surely mainta.ined by a firm and declmed to take part. temperate upholding of the rights and interests of our country. A .Fre!lch ar!lly crossed the Pyrenees and suppressed an insur Two cardinal principles have always governed the United rection m Spam. The Holy Alliance desired to go still further States in their relations with foreign nations. Although in late a~d re~nce the revolted colonies. to subjection. Against this Can years these two principles may have been lost sight of, they have D;illg VIgorously protested, and It was to this he referred in later !lever 'l?een departed from. The fir!3t was laid down by Wash times when he made the famous declaration that he had called in mgton m ~hat was known at the time as the neutrality policy. the ~ew ~orld to redr~ss t~e balance of the Old. In pursuance The doctrme then declared was that we intended as a nation to ?f this policy, Mr. Canmng, m August, 1823, proposed to our min ISter, Rush, that England and the United States should .hold ou~selves. entirely aloof from Europ~an politics, to form no Mr. publish a jo~t declarati~n to the effect that, while these two Gov- entanglin~ alhance~, !l'nd to take !10 part ~ the affairs of Europe. To-day thiS proposition seems like a truism, but when it was ernments de~ed ~o J?Or~on of these colo~es !or themselves, they de?lared by Washington with reference to the great struggle then would not VIew w1th mdifference any foreign mtervention in their gomg on between France and the rest of Europe it aroused a affairs or the?r acquisition by a~y.fu.i?.·d ~wer. Mr.. Rush replied storm of opposition. that the Umted States would JOID m thiS declaration provided that .would illdepend ence of the Spanish As Bri~h colonies we had necessarily been involved in Euro ~ngland a~kn?wledge.the pean affarrs wherever England was engaged. A war in Europe colomes. This Mr. Cannmg declined to do at that moment but whether dynastic or territorial,·rea.ched always to the America~ he, at the. Ba!De time, announce?- to the Prince de Polignac'that Continent. The question of. the Spanish succession filled New Great Britam would not permit any European intervention in York and New England with the horrors of Indian warfare and Spanish-~erican .~airs. ~tis interesting to observe that the when Frederick the Great faced all Europe in arms Pittdeciared first public propo~Ition looking to the exclusion of Em·ope from that hew?uld conquer Canada upon the plains of Ge~any. Thus the ytrestern HemlSJ?he;re was made by Great Britain and accom the colomsts of North America had come to look across the Atlan pamed by a renunCiatiOn, on her part, of any desire to acquire tic to know whether they would have war or peace, and the habits new territory there herself. of thought of one hundred and fifty years were not effaced by the The schemes of the Holy Alliance made it clear to American fact that wa had achieved our political independence. statesmen that the time had come when the United States must :When the struggle of the French Revolution began, Americans adopt and declare her policy with reference to the relations of still under the influence of the colonial traditions, felt with ~ Europe with the Western Hemisphere. Just at the time when natm·al sympathy that they should join hands with the nation Mr. Caru:ing was making his proposals to Mr. Rush, in July, 1823, which had helped them to gain their independence. But if this John Qu~ncy 4-d~ms, then Secretary of State, said to Baron Tuyl, view was natural, it was also colonial Fortunately for us we had t~e RusSian In?-niS:fier, that~' we should contest the right of Rus at the head of our Government a great statesman, who ~w with Sia to any territonal establishment on this continent and that we clear vision which no passion could dim, that the be should assume distinctly the principle that the A.n{erican conti tha~ poli~y Il;ents are no longer subjects for any new European colonial estab fitting th~ ~lonies .was wholly unsuited to a nation. As a part of the Bn1?-Sh Emprre the struggles of Europe were vital to us. lishments." . The questio~ of our policy in regard to the relations of ~urope With the Amencas, owmg to the projects of the Holy ~s the U mted States of America, as a free and independent na Alliance, had assumed such gravity and importance that Presi tion, Vfe ?ad no concer:n ~th them. So Washington laid down dent MoJ?Xoe a.sk~d the opinions upon it of Ma-dison and Jefferson. the prmCiple of neutrality m the European wars then raging and Mr. MadiSOn replied that our relations to the new Republics were maintained it in the midst of obloquy and attack. It was left to such as to call tor our efforts to defeat the meditated crusade. a later g~neration to ap:J?rec~te rightly the far-reaching wisdom and the h1gh courage whiCh dictated the action of our great first Mr. Jefferson srud: President: When Washington went out of office and gave to the The quesf4on presented by the letters you have sent me is the most mo mentous which has ever been offered to my contemplation since that of inde co~try.his Far~wep. Address h~ stated the principle which he had pendence.. That made us a nation; this sets our compass and points the earned mto action m words which can not be improved and whic~ , course which we ai'e to steer through the ~an of time opening on us. .AD4 1895. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 415 never could we embark on it under circumstances more auspicious. Our first Thus far I have merely sketched the history of the doctrine to and fundamental maxim should be never to entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe. Our second, never to suffer Europe to intermeddle with cisa.t show the view taken of it by all our Administrations and by all lantic affairs. America, North and South, has a set of interests distinct from our statesmen, with one exception. I now come to the only at those of Europe, and peculiarly her own. She should therefore have a sys tempt which has been made by an outside power to break down tem of her own, separate and apart from that of Europe. the Monroa doctrine and set it at naught. In 1861 Great Britain, The words of Jefferson may be commended to the attention of France, and Spain entered into a convention to unite in compel those persons who think the operations of a foreign power in ling the payment of certain .claims which they held against Mexico. South America of less importance than the temporary price of When the allied troops disembarked at Vera Cruz it was discov stocks. e:red that the Emperor of the French intended to go much further The result of the consultations thus held by President Monroe than had been agreed upon, and to do nothing less than place an and of the views of Mr. Adams, which he strongly urged, appeared Austrian prince upon the Mexican throne. Thereupon England in the following passages of the President's message of December and Spain withdJ.·ew, and France was left to carry on her design 2, 1823: alone. At that time our hands were tied by our great civil war, In the discussions to which this interest has given rise and in the arrange but we at once demanded explanations from France, and continued ments by which they may terminate, the occasion has been judged proper to protest against her conduct. During the entire period of the for assertins-, as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United French occupation we recognized only the Government of Juarez. States are mvolved, that the American continents, by the free and inde pendent condition which they have assumed and maintained, are henceforth Mr. Seward consistently pressed our views upon France, and the not to be considered as subjects for future Cl)lonization by any European proceedings of the French were denounced in Congress with so power. much indignation that in 1863 we were on t:o.e verge of war. The moment the civil war wa8 over Mr. Seward at once demanded the In thl'* wars of the* European* powers,* in matters* relating* to themselves,* withdrawal of the French troops. Our hands were.fl:ee, and Gen we have never taken any partt nor does it comport with our policy so to do. It is only when our rights are mvaded or seriously menaced that we resent eralSheridan, with a powerful army, was ordered to the .Mexican injuries or make preparation for our defense. With the movements in this boundary. Under this pressure, after some months of diplomatic hemisphere we are, of necessity~ ;more immediately connected., and by causes delay, the Emperor wa8 forced to give way. The French troops which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. were withdrawn, and the Emperor's Mexican conspiracy, which * * * * * * * had begun with treachery and bad faith, ended in humiliation, We owe it therefore, to candor, and to the amicable relations existing be- tween the United States and those powers, to declare that we should con failure, and the execution of the unfortunate Maximilian. When side!· any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this Napoleon sent out his expedition English writers hastened to de hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colo clare that he had done a great political servioo by extinguishing nies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere; but with the Governments who have declared their independ the Monroe doctrine, but when our war was over and we had ence and maintained it, and whose independence we have on great consider forced the French armies from Mexico and destroyed the wretched ation and on just principles acknowledged, we could"not view any interposition empire they had tried to set up, it was plainly seen that the Mon for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny by any European power, in any other light than as the manifestation roe doctrine had been signally vindicated and that an attempt to of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. infringe it had brought nothing but shame and disaster to the European power which had made the experiment. Sir Edward These extracts contain what has ever since been known as the Creasy, a distinguished English historian with a greater sense of Monroe doctrine. The principle which it laid down was the nec truth than those writers who had exulted over the buccaneering essary corollary of Washington's neutrality policy and covered enterprises of the French, speaks as follows in his First Platform three points. First, no more European colonies on these conti of International Law: nents; second, no extension of the European political system to any portion of this hemisphere; thil·d, no European interposition The United States (occupied by their own civil war which was then rag ing) did not actually send troops t.o oppose the French in Mexico, but they in the affairs of the Spanish-American Republics. That part of steadily refused to recognize Maximilian, or any government except a repul> the declaration which related to European intervention was re lican government, in Mexico; and the language of their sta."tesmen exhibited ceived by Great Britain with approval, and was warmly praised the fullest development of the Monroe doctrine. by Mr. Brougham, Sir James Mcintosh, and Lord John Russell, Since 1823 there have been many cases in which the Monroe doc some of whose remarks have been already quoted to the Senate by trine has been cited and discussed, but until the present time the the Senator from illinois in his able speech upon this question. In French invasion of Mexico ha8 been the only instance in which it the succeeding Administration President Adams, who may be con has been openly disregarded and actually infringed by a European sidered as the real author of the Monroe doctrine, and Mr. Clay, power. A second case has now arisen, and the maintenance of then Secretary of State, attempted to draw closer the bond be the Monroe doctrine is again threatened as it was by the French tween ourselves and the South American Republics by the Panama in 1862. This second attack upon the principle of the Monroe doc Congress, and Mr. Adams reiterated the Monroe doctrine in his trine comes from Great Btitain, and is made under cover of a message of 1\farch 15, 1826. In the course of the debate upon send boundary dispute with Venezuela, while Lord Salisbury in his ing the delegates to the Panama Congress, Mr. Webster spoke as letter to Mr. Olney openly assails the validity of the doctrine follows: itself. To understand the importance of this controversy and how I look on the message of December, 1823, as forming a bright page in our deeply the very existence of the Monroe doctrine is involved in it, history. I will neither help to erase it or tear it out; nor shall1t be by any act of mine blurred or blotted. It did honor to the sagacity of the Govern it will be necessary to trace very briefly the history-of the dispute ment, and I will not diminish that honor. It elevated the hopes and gratified between Great Britain and Venezuela, which has now reached a the patriotism of the people. Over those hopes I will not bring a. mildew; crisis affecting most gravely the honor, the interests, the rights, nor will I put that gratified patriotism to shame. and the well-settled policy of the United States. The Panama Congress, owing to the question of slavery, came to The dispute over the boundaries of Guiana is an inheritance nothing so far as the United States was concerned, but the pas bequeathed to Venezuela and Great Britain by Spain and Holland. sages which I have quoted show sufficiently the view taken of The successful revolt in 1810 of the South American colonies of the doctrine by our leading statesmen at the period of its declara Spain established the independence of what is now known as tion. In 1845 President Polk reiterated the Monroe doctrine, and Venezuela. That independence was finally recognized by Spain spoke as follows: in a decree on the 27th of May, 1845, in which Her Catholic Maj The existing rights of every European nation should be respected; but it esty Dona Isabel IT expressly renounces the sovereignty of the is due alike to our safety and our interests that the efficient protection of our laws should bo extended over our whole territorial limits, and that it should American territory known "under the old name of Captaincy be distinctly announced to the world as our settled policy that no future General of Venezuela, now Republic of Venezuela." Among the European colony or dominion shall, with our consent, be planted or estab thirteen provinces enumerated in this act of renunciation and lished on any .part of the North American Continent. cession is the Province of Guiana, which measures 20,149 square Three years later President. Polk in a special message called the leagues, while the remainder of the Republic measures only 15,803 attention of Congress to the appeal of the white population of square leagues. It is the controversy over the control of this vast Yucatan for help against the Indians. They offered to transfer expanse of territory, rich in minerals, fertile in soil, and drained Yucatan to the United States. The President stated that while by navigable rivers, which ha-s now reached such an acute stage. he did not recommend the acquisition of Yucatan, he advised its Great Britain's claim is derived from Holland. By the treaty temporary occupation in order to prevent its passing into the of the 13th of August, 1814, the establishments of Demerara, Es hands of any European power, which would be an infringement sequibo, and Berbice were ceded to Great Britain, and the sup of the Monroe doctrine. A bill was introduced for the occupation plemental agreement called for by the terms of the treaty sub of Yucatan, and was opposed by Mr. Calhoun on the ground that sequently confirmed this partition. Unfortunately, the lines of the Monroe doctrine was only intended for the temporary purpose demarcation between Venezuela and British Guiana were not of resisting the schemes of the Holy Alliance. The war in Yuca specifically defined in either of the treaties above mentioned-a tan came to an end, and the bill never reached a vote. The inci circumstance England has not overlooked. It therefore becomes dent is of interest only as showing that Mr. Polk's Administra a question of paramount importance in any examination into the tion sustained the Monroe doctrine in its widest application, and merits of this controversy to determine by other means the terri that Mr. Calhoun is the only American statesman of any standing torial jurisdiction of Spain in 1810 and of Holland.. in 1814. 'The who has tried to limit its scope. earlier treaties, documents, and ordinances ..are happily amplo a.ncl 416 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBE~ 30, explicit upon these points. Lord Salisbury now puts forward a nam to the River Berbice, Demerara from the Berbice to the Dem· claim to title based on conquest and military occupation in 1796, erara, and on the same principle the province of Essequibo would but as the treaty which confirmed these conquests only describes extend from the, Demerara to the River ;Essequibo, which may or them as the establishments of Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo, may not include the valley watered by that stream. We have this new claim does not affect the argument except as a mere just seen, also, from the preceding report (1788) that the Dutch assertion. establishment of Essequibo did not extend beyond the mouth of the It is hardly worth while to do more than barely allude to the Masaruni and certainly it is a fair inference to assume that the fact that the northern part of South America belonged to Spain Dutch themselves did not put forward any serious claim to terri· by virtue of original discovery. There is no principle of the law tory virtually beyond the Essequibo. of nations now better established than the doctrine of discovery. This presumption is further supported, indeed, by Dutch testi Calvo, an eminent authority upon international law, says: mony of the most unimpeachable sort. No less an official than Mr. The discovery of America and those (discoveries) which have been made at Six, secretary of the Dutch East India Company, sent in 1794 a the close of the Middle Ages in Asia and Africa have introduced into inter communication to Senor Corral, the Spanish minister to Holland, in national law a. new mode of a-cquisition and possession. We speak of the pri which he makes the following significant admission: ority of discovery, of the first occupation, and of colonization. The captain, pilot, and crew of the Spanish merchant ship Neustra Seii.or~ It is beyond dispute that what is now Venezuela and British and de la Concepcion, after having been perfectly well treated by the governor Dutch Guiana was originally Spanish territory. general of Surinam, were conveyed to Moro-co, west of the Essequibo, as having been Spanish territory, so that they coula thence go as on their own Columbus discovered the mouth of the Orinoco in 1498. In the land to the nearest Spanish-American town. following year Alonzo de Ojeda, a Spanish subject, made further discoveries in the same region. In 1500 Vicente Yanez Pinzon, a Clearly, then, the River Moroco, by common consent and by the companion of Columbus, explored the principal mouths of the admission of the Dutch in 1794, was a Spanish possession, and the Orinoco. In 1531 Diego de Ordaz navigated this river as far as Moroco is far to the east of the Orinoco and the Schomburgk line. the mouth of the Meta. These acts of discovery and exploration There could be no dispute by the Dutch to territory beyond the on the part of Spain were soon followed by colonization. For Moroco. · Their broadest claim in 1794 was confined to the few many years ·her only rival in South America was Portugal, and leagues between the Moroco and the Esseqnibo. in the treaty of 1750 between these two powers Portugal bound Of the Dutch colonies enumerated in the treaty of Aranjuez herself to recognize and support the right of Spain to territory three, to wit, Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice, as stated at the lying between the Amazon and the Orinoco. Thus Portugal, the outset, were substantially ceded to England by the treaty of Lon· only country that can claim with Spain the honor of original dis don of the 13th of August, 1814. By this act of alienation Eng covery, solemnly recognized the justice of the Spanish contention land succeeded to the title of Holland. England is entitled to to what is now disputed territory. It is interesting to note in this every foot of territory that was Dutch in 1814, and to nothing more. connection that a few years later (5th of March, 1768) a royal Venezuela is heir to the rights of Spain and nothing more. No act cedule fixed the Amazon as the southern limit of Spanish G"triana. of aggression or encroachment since can chan~e or alter the rela It was not until the·northern coast of South America had been tive position of the two countries. No new nghts have accrued substantially preempted by discovery that Holland began to seek tO either si~e since the 13th of August, 1814. a foothold in that part of the New World. During their_long war What Holland's claim included in 1791 and 1794 we have already of emancipation the Dutch had succeeded in planting several colo seen. It is absurd to say that any Dutch aggressions beyond the nies in Guiana. When Spain, whose .vassal Holland had been, Essequibo subsequent to 1794 and prior to 1814 conveyed to Hol· became a party to the treaty of Munster in 1648, she legalized the land any color of title by prescription. A period of something less Dutch pretensions. By article 5 each power was to retain terri than a quarter of a century is hardly "time immemorial" within tory already possessed and held in the East and West· Indies and the meaning of the rule. Neither will it be seriously cont.ended on the coa-st of Asia, Mrica, and America. It was further stipu that such Dutch occupation of disputed territory as did occur was lated that neither power should molest or distUrb the garrisons ''peaceable." It is manifest, then, that any title by prescription and strongholds of the other. This treaty proved to be~ fruitful must be invalid. . soirrce of misunderstanding_and irritation. Each power soon Still less is it necessary to fortify Spain's claim by any supple came to ac.cuse the other of violating its provisions. mental quotations from further ordinances and decrees. It may Dutch expeditions beyond the Essequibo were repulsed and be said in passing. however, that the list is by no means exhausted. driven back by the Spaniards repeatedly, and there is no evidence Among other additional and confirmatory evidence that the Span· to show that Spain ever acquiesced for a single mon:tent in the ish bo'un.dary terminated only with the Essequibo, reference may Dutch pretensions to a rood of land west of the Essequibo. On be had to the following documents: Note of Gregorio Espinosa, the contrary, when the director-general of the Dutch colopy of governor of Cumana, 1st of February, 1742; order of 4th of Feb. Essequibo, on the 30th of September, 1758, sent a note of protest rmiry, 1779, giving directions for establishing settlements in the to the Spanish authorities complaining that the Spanish troops eastern part of Guiana; report of Felipe de Inciarte, 1st of No had molested and driven the Dutch away from a post which stood vember, 1779; royal mandate of 1st of October, 1780, demanding on one of the banks of the Cuyuni, a vigorous response was re the aforesaid Inciarte to drive the Dutch away from land at the turned, saying . " that the river Cuyuni and its dependencies be northwest'of the Essequibo as "trespassers." longed to His· Catholic Majesty, and that consequently, as the Having determined at some length and with reasonable precision Dutch had entered the Spanish dominion, he would make no resti the western limitations of Dutch Guiana, to which, and to which tution." only, England succeeded in 1814, it now becomes pertinent and The river referred to there, let me say, is far to the east of the proper to inquire how far England has respected or rather ignored Orinoco and Point Barima, where the Schomburgk line ends. these boundaries and to trace step by step her aggressions upon It does not appear that the Dutch sought to continue further the soil of her weaker neighbor. For many years the question of these diplomatic amenities. That they made spasmodic attempts boundary between Venezuela and England was held fn abeyance. at further extension is unquestioned, and on these Lord Salisbm·y Venezuela for a long time was a part of the old Colombian Con· in his reply to Secretary Olney appears to rely, but it is equally federation and too busy with her own internal problems to pay certain that none of their attempts ever attained anything like much heed to the more remote question of the bound.ary of her the djgnity of permanent and recognized settlements, or were ever eastern frontier. Perhaps the earliest, as it certainly is one of the admjtted by Spain. Indeed, in 1788 Antonio Lopez de la Puente, most significant, in,cidents of this whole controversy occurred in who had been sent by the Spanish governor of Guiana to explore 1836. On the 26th of May of this year Sir Robert Ker Porter, the the Cuyuni River as far a-s the limits of the Dutch colony, pre then British minister at Caracas, requested the Venezuelan Gov sented his report. In it he said: ernment in an official note to place light-houses and other marks That having descended the river as far as the curve which it makes, in at Point Barima, at the mouth of the Orinoco River, as an aid to order to pour into the Essequibo, where the possessions of the Dutch colonies navigation. This voluntary act of Sir Robert Ker Porter was a -commence, he found the first Dutch houses at the mouth of the Masaruni, most complete admission of Venezuela's sovereignty over the i e., precisely at the curve, no new territories having been encroached upon Orinoco. by them up to that time. The modern British claim that the Dutch had occupied Point This, then, was the situation in 1791 when, on the 23d of June, a Barima long before the treaty of Munster probably did not occur treaty of extradition was concluded at Aranjuez between Spain to Sir Robert. Indeed, it seems altogether likely that he only had and Holland. The objects of this treaty, as defined in the pream in mind the treaty of Aranjuez of 1791, already alluded to, in ble, were for "the mutual restoration of deserters and runaways which the Dutch themselves distinctly recognized "the Spanish between their respective colonies" and to '-'put a stop to desertion establishments on the Orinoco." This dispatch was a part of the and its pernicious consequences." The first article of the treaty archives of the British legation at Caracas for half a century, and recites that "complaints of desertion have been more frequent, it was not until1887 that the then British minister, on being con· to wit, between Puerto Rico and St. Eustace, Coro and Cura930, fronted with it, took the pains to disavow this act of his predeces the Spanish establishments on the Orinoco and Essequibo, Deme sor on the ground that it was without the ''knowledge or author· rara, Berbice, andSurinam." An examination of the map to-day ity of the British Government." Indeed, about the time that Sir shows that the British province of Berbice extends from Suri- Robert dispatched his now famous note, there are various other 1895. dONGRESSIONkL-RECORD--SENATE. acts which go to show that the age~ts of the British Government Great Britain." It would then rest with each of the three Governments above mentioned to make any objection which they might- have to bring forward were unaccountably ignorant of what have since come to be "un- against these boundaries, and to state the reasons upon which such objection doubted British rights" in Guiana. • might be founded, and Her Majesty's Government would then give such In the latter part of the same year (1836) the British governor answers thereto as might appear proper and just. Lord Palmerston further considers that it would be expedient that the of Demerara, in a note printed among the Parliamentary papers, Brazilian should be required to withdraw from Pirara, and that the officer made the startling statement that the Pomaron River, west of the in command should be Informed that any claim which Brazil may imagine Essequibo and east of the Moroco, could be taken as the limit of itself to have to that village should be stated by the Brazilian Government to that of Great Britain in order that it may be discussed and settled between the English colony. Further, in September or October of 1840, an the two Governments. Englishman was arrested and tried for having killed an Indian. I have, etc., LEVERSON. His counsel succeeded in showing that the crime had taken place JAMES STEPHEN, Esq. in the territory of the Moroco, whereupon the British tribunal Mr. LODGE. I have also a letter from Lord Aberdeen, dated promptly acquitted him on the ground that it had no jurisdiction, the 31st of January, 1842, in which he speaks of removing tlie the act having been committed in a foreign territory. Thus we marks which had been put up, and explains that he is very glad to see that in 1840 a British court in Demerara had judicial cogni meet the wishes of the Government. zance of the fact that the territory of the Moroco was Venezuelan The letter referred to is as follows: territory and outside British jurisdiction. The governor of Guiana LEGACION DE LOS E. E. U. U. DE VENEZUELA, informed his Government of these facts in a dispatch dated 23d ·of Foreign Office, January S1, 18/4. August, 1841. It is not krioWI1 th-at the British Government, The undersigned, Her Majesty's principal secretary of state for foreign either then or since, in any way disavowed these acts of its·accred- affairs,-has the honor to aclrnowled~e the receipt of the note addressed to him on the lOth instant by Mr. Fortique, plenipotentiary of the Republic of ited agents. · Venezuela, representing the alarm and excitement which have been created Meanwhile the reports of the discovery of rich gold fields in the in Venezuela on account of the marks fixed by Mr. Schombur~k at different territory of the Yuruari reached London, and the English ministry points of his survey near the mouth of the Ormoco, and renewmg his request that Her Majesty's Government will order the removal of these marks. soon began to display a lively concern in' the boundary question. The undersigned begs to inform Mr. Fortique in reply that, in order to meet In 1841, Mr. (afterwards Sir) Robert Schomburgk; who was sent the wishes of the Government of Venezuela, Her Majesty's Government will out fu·st under the auspices of the Royal Geographical Society to send instructions to the governor of British Guiana directing him to remove the posts which have been placed by Mr. Schomburgk near the Orinoco. explore the country in 1834, surveyed arid laid out a line of demarca But the undersigned feels it his duty distinctly to declare to Mr. Fortique tion. It does not appear that Venezuela was invited to cooperate that, although in order to put an end to the misapprehension which appears in a work which affected her interests so vitally. The British to prevail in Venezuela with regard to the object of Mr. Schomburgk's sur vey the undersigned has consented to comJ)ly with the renewed representa consul, it is true; informed Venezuela of Schomburgk's mission, tions of Mr. Fortique upon this affair, Her Majesty's Government must not but the vigorous protest of the latter Government went unheeded be understood to abandon any portion of the rights of Great Britain over the and ignored. Schomburgk continued his ~:;urvey and staked out territory which was formerly had by the Dutch in Guiana. . The undersigned begs to renew to Mr. Fortique the assurance of his high the famous" Schomburgk line." This survey included the whole consideration. seaboard between the Essequibo and the Amacuro (which finds ABERDEEN. its outlet at the mouth of the Orinoco) and a vast section in the Mr. LODGE. I have also another letter of Lord Aberdeen, interior. One of its conspicuous features was the erection of a written on March 30, 1844, in which he discusses first the British sentry box and the planting of a British flag at Point .Barima at claim to all the territory as far as the Orinoc.o, but closes by say the mouth of the Orinoco. The Venezuelans, not without a touch ing that they will yield to Venezuela from the line of the Orinoco of humor, have uniformly contented themselves in all of their pra-ctically to the Pomaron. He says: . published maps by referring to this line as "capricious." and Being convinced that the most important objects for the interest of Vene Schomburgk in his original map and report speaks of his line as zuela is the exclusive possession of the Orinoco, Her Majesty's Government is the B1itish claim, not boundary. ready to yield to the Republic of Venezuela a portion of the coast sufficient It is difficult to resist the conclusion that the Btitish Govern to insure her the free control of the mouth of this her principal river and pre- ment of that period took much the same view, for Lord Aberdeen, vent its being under the control of any foreign power. . then prime minister, in reply to the urgent remonstrance of the The letter referred to is as follows: Venezuelan minister at London, said, on the 11th of December, [Extract from Lord Aberdeen's reply to Dr. Fortiqne.] 1841, that the survey had been undertaken merely as a "prelim FOREIGN OFFICE, :March 30, 1844. In 1674 the West India Company, formed in 1627, was dissolved, but a new inary step" to further discussion between the two Governments, company was formed and authorized, restricting their rights to trade with and not, as the Venezuelan Government seemed to fear, "with the certain parts of Africa the Island of Curacao, and the colonies of the Esse intention of indicating dominion or empire on the part of Great quibo and Boneverone (Pumaron), the latter extending, as above stated, as far as the Orinoco. Britain." He added that he was glad to learn that Venezuela had Pursuing the examination of the authorities, which in more modern times been able to ascertain that Point Barima had not been occupied confirm these datas, it will be found that in the History of South America by bytheBritish authorities. A few weeks later, on the 31st of Jan Bolt, published about the middle of the last century, Dutch Guiana is de scribed as extending from the mouth of the Orinoco at 9° as far as the Mar uary, 1842, Lord Aberdeen gave force and effect to this disclaimer awainato 6° 00' latitude north, that in a map of said coast published in 1783by by ordering the removal of all the marks set up by Engineer Schom Faden, the Orinoco River is established as the western limit of the Dutch burgk. according to their pretensions, and that in a more recent chart published by Jeffery's in 17'98, the Barima River is described as being the division between I have here certain letters which I ask leave to print with my the· Dutch and Spanish lands. The undersigned must declare that these remarks. I will not weary the Senate by reading them. The authorities can not be rejected as being English, and therefore, having .an first one expresses the views of Lord Palmerston in 1840. Lord interest in this question because, although at the date of the last cited chart Palmerston would suggest for the consideration of L01·d John the Dutch colony was under the protection of Great Britain, it was restored to the Batavian Republic in 1802, and there is no reason to doubt the testi Russell that- mony of Faden and Bolt, or to accnse them of J)artialit~. A map of British Guiana should be made out according to the boundaries It IS doubtful whether the same could be said of La Condamine Bellin and described by Mr. Schomburgk; that the said map should be accompanied by other French writers, whose Government always showed itself to be jealous a memoir, describin&" in detail the natural features which define and consti of the progress of the Dutch in the neighborhood of the settlement of Cayenne. tute the boundaries m question. But, in reality, no doubt can exist that the mouth of the Orinoco was not only claimed by the Dutch as the western limit of their possessions, but also That is very apparent from Schomburgk's report; in fact, he that from the very beginning they effected its military occupation andre mentions it in his memoir, that he laid the line according to the tained possession of it. Hartsinck saysh" The first rivers found in Dutch Guiana coming from the Orinoco are t e Barima, about 1 mile in width, natural boundaries of the tertitory as he conceived them. He was where in olden times we had a fort." There exist documents of the West In a botanist and an explorer. dia Company showing that directors recommended to the commander of The letter referred to is as follows: Pumaron to keep the Barima fort in good condition. Colonel Moody found the ruins of these fortifications when, in 1807', the English occupied the coast FOREIGN OFFICE, March 18, 184/). and were preparing to send some forces to Angostura to destroy buccaneers SI.a: I am directed by Viscount Palmerston to acknowledae the receipt of that were pillaging the coast of Dutch Guiana, and also to fortify that place your letter of the 6th instant, inclosing copies and extracts o¥ disvatches and again. Mr. Schomburgk, when in the discharge of a commission, found the their inclosures from Mr. Light, governor of British Guiana, relative to the remains of the fort-and also of cultivation in the neighboring territory. expediency of an arrangement being made with the Brazilian, Venezuelan, The undersigned does not deem fm·ther evidence necessary to show how and theN etherlands Governments by which the boundaries of British Guiana. erroneous are the assertions of Senor Fortique when he states that the Esse ml).y be accurately defined. quibo has been considered as a dividing line between the two countries, and With reference to that part of your letter in which you state that Lord that territory lying between that river and the Orinoco has been considered John Russell considers it to be important that the boundaries of British by the world as belonging exclusively to Spain. These statements make the Guiana should be ascertained and agreed upon, if possible, and that Mr. undersigned feel justified in doubting whether Senor Fortique would be sup Schomburgk's researches in those parts have qualified him in a peculiar man ported by his own countrymen in his views, taking into consideration that m ner to be of use, should the service of any person acquainted with the geogra the maps of the provinces of ·venezuela published four years ago b:y an phy of British Guiana be required for fixing the boundaries of the British officer of the Republic the extreme limits of the Venezuelan eastern claim is territory, I am to state to you that the course of proceeding which Lord Pal the Moroco River, and in truth, to judge from the exa~gerated pretensions marston would suggest for the consideration of Lord John Russell is that found in this work on other points, the author is not mclined to sin on the ."a map of·. British Guiana should be made out according to the boundaries side of generosity with respect to the neighborin~ British colony. deseribed by Mr. Schomburgk; that the said map should be accompanied by Were the undersigned inclined to act on the spirit of Senor Fortique's com a memoir, describing in detail the natiLral features which define and consti munication, it is evident, by what he has said, that he ought to claim on be tute the boundaries in question, and that copies of that map and memoir half of Great Britain, as the rightful successor of Holland, all the coast from should be delivered to the Governments of Venezuela, of Brazil, and of tbe the Orinoco to the Essequibo, and such claim, aside from all questions of 1 1 right, W{)uld certainly be much less injurious to Venezuela than the preten f:ri~:b' ~!~i~n~t;'~~~~~ ~ t~~r~t:~c~ ia~d~~~ ~n tf~e m~U:f~ sion.q of Senor Fortique as to Ena: as Venezuela has no settlements on order to mark out by permanent erections the line of boundary aocCed by the disputed territory, and the a · · ·on or acknowledgment of the Esae- ~ :XXVITI-27 418 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE~ DECEMBER -30; quibo as the limit of the Republic would, of course, mean that Great Britain moved. In other words, the British Government of that day dis should deliver about one-half of the colony of Demerara, including Point Cartabo and the Island of Tkykoveral, where the Dutch founded their first avowed the Schomburgk line within which we are now told Great settlement on the Majarini. the mission of Barlika Grove, and many settle Britain can not assent to arbitration. It required half a century, ments now existing on the Arabisi coast as far as 50 miles from the capitaL however, to bring into"clearer relief just what really was intended But the undersigned believes that the negotiations would not be free from difficulties if the claims that can not be sustained are presented, and shall not, in referring to the Schomburgk line as a mere "preliminary step" therefore, follow Senor Fortique's example, but state here the concessions to future negotiations. Lord Aberdeen repudiated the Schom· that Great Britain is disposed to make of her rights, prompted by a friendly burgk line in 1841. In 1890 Lord Salisbury, then prime minister, consideration for Venezuela, and by her desire to avoid all cause of serious repudiated the act of his predecessor, Lord Aberdeen. This is controversies between the two countries. -"Being convinced that the most important object for the interest of Vene what he said in a note on the 10th of February to the Venezuelan zuela is the exclusive possession of the Orinoco, Her Majesty's Government minister of foreign affairs: is ready to yield to the Republic of Venezuela a portion of the coast sufficient to insure her the free control of the mouth of this her principal river and Her Majesty's Government can not accept as satisfactory any arran~ement prevent its being under the control of any foreign power." With this end in not admitting as English property the territory included within the line laid view, and beiJ!g persuaded that a concession of the greatest importance has down by Sir R. Schomburgk. been made to Venezuela, Her Majesty's Government is disposed to la.y aside its rights upon the Amacuro as the western limit of the British territory, and We can see in this way how that line, from being the mere sug to consider the mouth of the Guiama River as the boundary of Her Majesty's gestion of an explorer, based on natural objects, has now become possessions on the coast side. Moreover, Her Majesty's Government will con an immutable· right beyond which discussion is out of the ques sent that the boundary in the interior be fixed by a line from the mouth of the .Moroco to the point where the rivers Barama and Guiama meet, as far as tion. the .A.unama, whose upward course will be followed until the stream ap Popular feeling in Venezuela had been greatly excited by the proaches the point n earest the Acarabisi; then following the downward event connected with the Schomburgk incident. It was in response course of the Acarabisi as far as its confluence with the Cuyimi, it will pursue to the UlJWard course of the latter as far as the highlands contiguous to the repeated instructions from Caracas that the Venezuelan m.inll>ter Boraima Mountains, where its waters are divided between the Essequibo and in London finally succeeded in opening negotiations. The attempt the River Branco. was abortive in any immediate results. The Venezuelan Govern Great Britain is then disposed to cede to Venezuela all the territory lying ment proposed theEssequiboas a frontier, and based its argument between the above-mentioned line and the Amacuro River and the chain of mountains where it has its head, upon condition that the Govel'lllllent of upon the ancient maps and treaties. In response Lo.rd Aberdeen Venezuela shall engage itself not to alienate any portion of said territory to proposed the Moroco. This proposition would probably have been any foreign power, and also upon condition that the tribes of Indians now accepted as a compromise had it not been accompanied by some living in said territory shall be protected against all ill treatment and op pression. offensive and humiliating conditions which forced Venezuela to The undersigned has the honor to renew to Senor Fortique the assurance reject it. Instructions, however, were issued to Senor Fortique, of the highest consideration. the Venezuelan minister, to suggest suitable modifications, but ABERDEEN. his sudden death virtually suspended further negotiation for a Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, we are told now that Great Brit period of thirty years. ain will not consider any question arising to the east of the Schom Occasional notes were, however, interchanged, and of these quite burgk line, which terminates at Point Barima on the mouth of the the most significant was one addressed by Belford H~ton Wilson, Orinoco. At that time Lord Aberdeen, as may be seen in his let the British charge d'affaires at Caracas, on November 18, 1850, ter, considered that of vital importance to Venezuela. He was to the Venezuelan minister of foreign affairs. Mr. Wilson, it ap ready to withdraw all their claims, whether they were large or pears, had become somewhat alarmed ''in relation to the existence small, to the land in that neighborhood and west of the Moroco of a propaganda to mislead and excite public opinion concerning practically, in order that Venezuela might control that great the boundary question." He therefore took this opportunity stream. of saying (I quote from his published letter J: Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President-- The Venezuelan Government, in justice to Great Britain, can not mistrust for a moment the sincerity of the formal declaration which is now made in The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator f rom Massachusetts the name and by the express order of Her Majesty's Government, that Great yield to the Senator from Alabama? Britain has no intention to occupy or encroach upon the territory in dispute. Mr. LODGE. Certainly. The territory in dispute lies between the Orinoco and the Esse- Mr. MORGAN. I desire to ask the Senator from Massachu- quibo; most of it between the Schomburgk line and the Essequibo. setts whether he is quite sure that the first exploration made by It was the territory in dispute, according to the authentic utter Schomburgk was under the auspices of the Geographical Society, ance of Her Majesty's Government in 1850, and now it is territory or whether he did not go out from the United States, where he which must not even be discussed. · was occupying the position of clerk in a tobacco store in New A similar assurance from Venezuela was asked for and promptly York, being a botanist and otherwise interested in natural objects, given. This was of course pending the settlement of the boundary upon a private exploration. After he had made the exploration question. . he made his report to the Geographical Society, whereupon they It was not until 1876 that negotiations were again opened, the gave him authority to make it more definite, and after that the initiative being taken, as usual, by Venezuela. Dr. Jose Maria Government of Great Britain took up the subject. Rojas was sent to London as minister resident, with explicit in- Mr. LODGE. I will say to the Senator from Alabama that sti·uctions to terminate the dispute, if possible, in a way honorable Schomburgk, as he states, was in business in this country, a clerk to Venezuela. Intimation was conveyed to the British foreign in a shop. He went to an island, some West Indian island or an office, in accordance with the spirit of these instructions, that a island in the neighborhood of South America, of which he made line of compromise rather than one of strict right would be con a survey and a map. He sent it to the Geographical Society at sidered, so anxious was Venezuela to bring about a final settle London. It was so very well done that the society invited him ment. After several years of unremitting endeavor Dr. Rojas to make explorations on the mainland. .In 1834 he went to Guiana was at length rewarded by receiving from Lord Salisbury on the under their auspices. It is so stated in the Parliamentary paper lOth of January, 1880, a statement "of the claim of Her Majesty's which prints extracts from his letters. He went there in 1834 Government by virtue of ancient treaties with the native tribes." and explored Guiana, and made a report and wrote a memoir. This revised line of demarcation was found to include not only the In that expedition he pmctically laid down the line as he thought oldSchomburgkline, butavastandvaluabletractbeyondit. Lord it ought to be. Salisbury promised in conclusion to consider in the ''most friendly Then the British Government, hearing of this memoir, ordered spirit" any proposition which the Government of Venezuela might those portions of it printed which related to the boundary, and see fit to make for the establishment of a limit satisfactory to both they sent him out officially in 1840 to mark out the boundary, nations. The reference to ancient treaties with the native Indian which I think it is apparent he had really already surveyed. The tribes was justly regarded by Venezuela as being involved in a Parliamentary paper containing the report or the extracts from good deal of obscurity. The claim, which was now set up for his memoir (it is a very rare one; I have never seen more than the first time, was certainly a novel one. The particular treaties one copy of it) states in a note that those are extracts from his and the particular tribes referred to were known to Great Britain letters and memoir, and in those he constantly refers to the nat- alone. Likewise the manner in which these tribes came to be rae ural boundaries. He devotes most of his space to discussing the ognized as free and independent, possessed of the attributes of boundary of Brazil on the south, where the serious trouble then sovereignty, was another diplomatic secret, which was safely was. He devotes very little space, comparatively speaking, to guarded within the precincts of the British foreign office. As a the question of the Venezuelan boundary. He then went out in matter of fad, the Indians had been for centuries subjects of Spain 1840, as I have said, and officially ran the line which bears his and Holland, and had long since lost all right to make a treaty name. He returned to London in 1844, when he was knighted for with anyone. his services, and, I believe, subsequently came to South America In accordance with Lord Salisbury's suggestion that Venezuela as a British consul. su~bmit some proposition" for the establishment of a limit sati.s- Mr. DAVIS. Did he only lay down one line? factory to both nations," Dr. Rojas proposed the :Moroco, Lord Mr. LODGE. I think so. There is what is called an extension Aberdeen's old divisional line, but shortly afterwards the Bea oi' the Schomburgk line, but I think Schomburgk himself laid consfield ministry fell and Lord Granville became minister of only one line. foreign affairs. In a note dated September 15, 1881, Lord Gran A few w~eks later the marks of which I ha.ve spoken were re-. ville declined to accept the Morocoas a boundary, but suggested a 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 419 line which should begin at a place on the seacoast at a longitude southern boundary of British Guiana. Lord Aberdeen disavowed of 29 miles to the east of the right shore of the River Barima. this line and proposed another starting at the River Moroco and This proposition was in turn rejected by Venezuela. Afewyears going farther into the interior; Lord Granville proposed another later a final adjustment of all difficulties between the two coun reaching further to the west; Lord Rosebery another inside the tries seemed at length to be in sight. The British Government Schomburgk line, but coupled with the free navigation of the Ori consented to unite the boundary question with the question of ad noco. In 1893 he proposed a second line, and meantime Lord Salis ditional duty on merchandise coming from the Antilles and cer bury had extended the British claim while he was secretary for tain indemnity demands made by British citizens against Vene foreign affairs. zuela. The Stat,esman's Year Book will show, if anyone cares to exam It was proposed to pave the way to an adjustment of all issues ine it, that the British claim upon Venezuelaadvancedin one year and conti·oversies by one treaty. "The proposal to settle by arbi 33,000 square miles. Every British minister has offered a different tration questions which may arise between the countries," wrote line within which Great Britain would not consent to arbitrate, and Lord Granville to Gen. Guzman Blanco, on the 15th of April, every British minister has gone beyond his predecessor in making 1885, "meets with the entire concurrence of Her Majesty's Gov fresh claims to territory beyond the line which he offered and about ernment.!) An actual convention was drawn up, but before it which he would arbitrate. At first sight this seems to denote in could be signed the ministry changed. Lord Salisbury, whore consistency on the part of the British Government, --but in reality sumed the foreign portfolio, expressly repudiated the arbitration their course has been just the reverse. There is apparently j_ust agreement made by his predecessor, and the negotiations abruptly as much support for one line as another when they pass beyond ended. According to Lord Salisbury, to refer all disputes and the valley of the Essequibo. From Schomburgk down, every line controversies to arbitration •: would be without precedent in the was entirely arbitrary, and the- constantly growing claims beyond treaties made by Great Britain." the various lines offered was in entire keeping with the policy of The next attempt to reopen the question came in the following the British Government. Their object was to get as much new year, when the Venezuelan legation renewed its efforts to,secure territory as they could if the matter ever came to a settlement, some satisfactory compromise and suggested arbitration as the which they have used every artifice to delay. means. Lord Rosebery, in July, 1886, replied by proposing a I do not personally believe that Great Britain has a good claim frontier which would include the River Guaima in British Guiana. to a foot ofland beyond the Essequibo, for Indian treaties are alto Coupled to this memorandum was a demand for the free naviga gether too flimsy to support any serious contention, and the claim tion of the Orinoco, which made it impossible. of recent settlement is impossible, as that would entitle England Meantime the British aggressions in the disputed zone, the re to anyva-cant land anywhere in NorthorSouth America on which gion which Great Britain had solemnly promised not tO occupy a British subject had settled. while in dispute, began to be more and more aggravated. Begin Mr. CHANDLER. May I ask the Senator from Massachusetts ning with October, 1884, various marks of British sovereignty whether in his researches he has discovered any trace of the Indian were 1·epeatedly set up or posted. Fortifications were thrown up ti·eaties alluded to by Lord Salisbury? at Barima Point. The Venezuelan commissary at the mouth of Mr. LODGE. I have not. They must be concealed in the Brit the Amacuro was aiTested and tried for the alleged ill-treatlnent ish case. of a Portuguese subject. Venezuela protested that the status quo But it is not my purpose to pass upon the merits of either the Brit of 1850, not to occupy the territory in dispute, wa.S being flagrantly ish or the Venezuelan claim. All I have desired to show is that violated. No heed was paid to this remonstrance. There was there is a dispute as to the ownership of the ten-itory lying west of under such circumstances but one honorable course for Venezuela the Essequibo, and that neither England nor Venezuela holds an to pursue. She broke off diplomatic relations with Great Britain uncontested title to any portion of it. That disputed ten-itory on the 20th of February, 1887. either belonged to Holland or it did not. If it did, England ought Even this, however, did not terminate the efforts of Venezuela to have it, and there would not be the slightest disposition on the to arrive at some understanding with her powerful adversary. part of the United States to interfere with her possession of it. If She has since made several futile endeavors to refer the whole it did not, it belongs to Venezuela, and Venezuela ought to have it. question to friendly arbitration. The last one was made as late The question is one for the arbitration of an impartial tribunal, as the spring of 1893, by Dr. Michelena, the confidential agent and by the decision of such a tribunal the United States would of Venezuela at London. Itwentthewayof all the others. Lord cheerfully abide. Rosebery, in 1893, was plainly convinced that his demands of 1886 But if England, with no authority but a disputed claim, seizes were too moderate; he reenforced them by conditions more objec territory and declines arbitration upon it, her action does not differ tionable tha,n ever. In 1850 Great Britain herself suggested non from seizing and holding new territory in the Americas by the intervention in the disputed belt; in 1893 it was quite impossible right of conquest. The boundary dispute does not touch the es for England to consent to arbitrate the greater part of this iden sence of the question, which is the acquisition of new tenitory in tical territory which had for so many years constituted" an inte this hemisphere by a European power. Such pretexts can always gral portion of British Guiana." be found. If England can seize territory under a claim which Mr. HILL. Will the Senator from Massachusetts allow me for has grown larger with each succeeding year, there is nothing to just a moment? prevent her taking indefinite regions in South America. If Eng Mr. LODGE. Certainly. land can do it and is allowed to do it by the United States, every Mr. HILL. The Senator from Massachusetts seems to have other European power can do the same, and they will not be given the subject great consideration, and I desire to ask him if he slow to follow England's example. We have seen them parcel out can inform the Senate whether Venezuela has ever at any time re Africa, and if we do not interpose now in this case the fate of fused to submit the matter to arbitration? large portions of South America will be the same. We shall have MI·. LODGE. Never. formidable rivals all about us; we shall be in constant danger of Mr. HILL. I asked the question because of a published inter war; and we shall be forced to become a military power with great view said to have been given out by Mr. Lincoln, in which it was armies and navies. . stated that at one period Venezuela had refused arbitration. The seizure of this South American territory by England is an Mr. LODGE. I have never met with any instance in which she absolute violation of the Mom·oe doctrine. I have heard it said refused arbitration by itself. So far as I am aware-and I think that no one knows what the Monroe doctrine is. Mr. President, I have examined all the correspondence-she has sought arbitra it is as simple in principle as the Declaration of Independence, to tion constantly. She has rejected some of the compromises offered which Jefferson compared it. It is not a doctrine of international by Great Britain in which arbitration may have been a feature, law, and the attempt t-o discuss it or to oppose it on that basis is a but on other grounds. She rejected, for example, one COJilpro waste of words. Like the independence of this country, it is a mise offered by Great Britain, because Great Britain insisted upon question of fact and not of law. The independence of this coun the free navigation of the Orinoco. But I do not think that V ene try is unquestioned, because, having declared it, we compelled the zuela has ever rejected arbitration as an independent proposition. world to recognize it. In the same way we have always acted on On the contrary, she has always sought it. the declaration of Mr. Monroe as the guiding principle of our for It will be observed from the brief outline of the dispute which I eign policy. We shall now, I hope, declare it again with the have given that no new rights have come to England or to Vene formal sanction of Congress, representing the people of the zuela since 1814, i. e., since the declaration of President Monroe. United States. It is idle to argue either for or against it as a They have the rights of Spain and Holland, respectively, nothing matter of international law, for it requires no such support. more and nothing less, and are entitled toexactlywhatthoseinher We declare the Monroe doctrine as a principle which we believe ited rights give them. In 1836 a British minister acknowledged essential to the honor, the safety, the interests of the United that Point Barima belonged to Venezuela by asking the Venezuelan States. We declare it as a statementof fact, and we must have it Government to erect a light-house there. In 1840 a British court recognized as our independence and national existence are recog in Demerara declared the territory of the Moroco, far to the east nized by all the world. It must be recognized, because we sustain of the Orinoco, to be Venezuelan territory. In 1841 an English and support it, and we can no more permit it to be a mattm· of dis engineer laid out a perfectly arbitrary line running from the cussion with other nations than we can afford to discuss with mouth of the Orinoco in a southerly direction until it reached the them our national welfare or our forms of government. It em- .. 420 CONGRESSIONA-L RECOR-D-SENATE~ DEOEMBER 30, bodies for us the same principle as the balance of power so jeal interests of the United States which' lie beyond our borders and ously maintained by the nations of Europe. They will not allow yet so near our doors. They see those interests have been neglected. that to be disturbed, and we hold to our balance of power with They see another nation hemming them in with fortifications equal tenacity. - and encroaching upon regions which must remain what they have The Monroe doctrine interferes in no wise with the rights which always been-American. They are resolved that there shall be an the principles of international law give to all nations. It does not end to these things. They are resolved that the United States touch the question of reparation ior injuries inflicted upon the shall not sink in the scale of nations, that it shall not be menaced subjects of any European power by any of the Central or South even by that nation to whom we are united by the bonds of blood American States. We cherish that right jealously ourselves; we and speech, but that it shall fulfill abroad as at home the great do not deny it to others. If the subjects of any European power destiny to which it has been called. The American people. in my suffer wrong at the hands of any of the Governments of South judgment, believe in and cherish the Monroe doctrine and Will not or Central America, that power is entitled to demand the-fullest suffer it to be infringed. satisfaction and redress. But, Mr. President, the question of I do not believe, Mr. President, that the people of England have reparation must not be mixed up with the acquisition of territory. the least desire to engage in hostilities with the United States any Lord Salisbury~ with the ingenuity for which he is distinguished, more than we seek or desire hostilities with them. Nor do I think has made a claim for reparation upon Venezuela on account of that they take any serious interest in this disputed Venezuelan the arrest by the Venezuelan authorities of certain British subjects. territory or realize even now that the question involves for us a He turns to us and to the rest of the world with the inquiry as to principle which we consider vital to our safety and our welfare. whether the Monroe doctrine is to interfere with the right of We have no desire to interfere with any rightful possession of every power to protect its citizens in South America. Great-Britain in South America, but we can not allow her to set To such a question there can be but one answer, andLordSalis up claims to American territory and then seize and hold that terri bury is assured beforehand of the sympathy of all nations on that tory by force. If she can do it successfully in Venezuela she can point. But-the whole case has not been stated in that question. do it m Mexico or Cuba; if she can do it other nations can also. Those British subjects were arrested on the disputed territory, on We do not ask her to give up her rightful territory or retreat an the land which the British Government, by its accredited repre inch. All we ask is that she shall submit this disputed boundary sentative, solemnly pledged itself not to occupy until the question to the arbitration of an impartial tribunal. We have nothing to of ownership was finally settled. If that territory belongs to gain ourselves by the decision of that tribunal, but in the refer England, those men were wrongfully arrested. If it belongs to ence to arbitration there is involved a principle which we regard Venezuela, theywererightfully arrested. IfVenezuela pays now as vi tal. We can not believe that any English ministry seriously the indemnity fixed and demanded by England, and admits that intends to force hostilities on the United States, and yet' their ·she does so because these men, being on British territory, were recent policy is, to say the least, unfortunate. - wrongfully arrested, she gives her whole case away. The Monroe • We have seen British forces at Corinto. We know the attitude doctrine does not interfere with any nation seeking reparation for they assume in Venezuela. They are attempting to take land on injuries to its subjects, but it does interfere if a demand for repara the Alaskan boundary. They have just denounced the modus tion is to be made the pretext for the seizure of territory by a vivendi and reopened in that way the perilous dispute of the north European power on the American Continent. eastern fisheries. It is not by accident that these events have all The Monroe doctrine, as I have said, is very simple. It is merely occurred or all come to an acute stage within the past year. They the declaration that no foreign power must establish a new gov are not due to us, for we have committed no aggression upon any ernment, acquh·e new territory by purchase or force or by any body. Of all these difficulties which are now upon us, the most method whatever, or seek to control existing Governments _in the imme~ate is ~hat i~volve~ in the dispute with Venezuela. They Americas. That is the principle which Mr. Monroe declared. If tell us that this terntory 1s remote and worthless. It is remote, there is any dispute as to the meaning of his language, it is not perhaps, but it is not worthless, for if it had been the Venezuelan needful to dwell upon it. That is what the American people be possession of it would be undisturbed. But it matters not whether lieved he meant. That is the way American statesmen have inter it is worthless or valuable. The tea tax was trivial, but our fore preted it, and that there may be no future misunderstanding, that fathers refused to pay it because it involved a great principle, and 1s what we should declare it t-o be and to have always been by this the attempt to collect it cost Great Britain her North American resolution. colonies. The American people believe to-day just as firmly in Mr. President, we have neglected too long our foreign policy the principle of the Monroe doctrine. They deem it essential to and the great interests of the United States which lie beyond her their honor, their safety, and their interests as a nation, and they borders. We have permitted this English advance upon Venezue are prepared to defend it when it is assailed. lan territory to go unchecked for years. The time has now come Mr. President, who is responsible for the unhappily strained to end this state of things. We want this matter settled, and set relations between England and the United States? As I have tled by arbitration, because if it is settled otherwise it is a blow to pointed out, we have not been the aggressors on any of the points a principle vital to the welfare and the dignity of the United States. now in dispute, whether in Alaska or Venezuela. What, then, But, Mr. President, thereismorein it than this. If we neglect our has strained our relations? Is it not peremptory refusal to arbitrate forei_gn affairs, England does not ne(J'lect hers. this questionofboundary? Whogavethatrefusal? GreatBritain. At the last session of Congress I called the attention of the Senate We have appointed a commission, not to arbitrate between Great and of the country to the manner in which England had. absorbed Britain and Venezuela, but to inform us, after careful investiga the islands of the Pacific and to the necessity of our controlling tion, what the true divisional line, in their opinion, should be. the Hawaiian Islands, a necessity which becomes mote pressing Who has drawn an arbitrary line of boundary and declared that with ea~h succeeding day. I ask you now to look at the Carib they would not arbitrate to the east of it? Not the United States, bean Sea. I ask you to note the strong naval station which Eng but Great Britain. ffitimatums are what strain relations, and land has established at Sta. Lucia. Follow a line thence to the they haye come from Great Britain and not from us. I believe westward and you find Trinidad, the development of which has that this question will be peacefully settled by the good sense of been strongly pushed of late years, then J'II.maica, and finally British the representatives of England and the United States, but I am Honduras. That line faces the South American coast. This ter very clear that such settlement can only be reached by action on ritory claimed from Venezuela is being pushed steadily to the west the part of Congress and of the President which shall be as firm ward along that coast, and the point at which it aims is the eontrol as it is temperate and which shall maintain the Monroe doctrine of the mouths of the Orinoco, one of the great river systems of absolutely and at all hazards wherever it justly applies. That South America. The purpose of all these movements is written doctrine is as important to us as the balance of power is to EurCipe, plainly on the map. If successful they will give Great Britain and those who maintain the latter must not attempt to break down control of the Spanish Main and make the Caribbean Sea little the principle which guards the integrity of the Americas and pro better than a British lake. tec~s them from the interference and control of foreign powers. We are a great nation, Mr. President, and we have a great na tion's duties and responsibilities. The path which we should fol STANDING .AND SELECT COMIDTTEES. low lies clear before us. We must be the leaders in the Western Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Before the Senate proceeds to the Hemisphere. Wemustproteet our coasts and hold the commerce appointment of the standing aJ!d select committees, I offer a reso of that hemisphere. We do not meddle with the affairs of Europe. lution which I send to the desk, and preliminary to its consider8rl Neither Great Britain nor Europe must be permitted to interfere tion I ask unani.Ihous consent for the suspension of the rules at with our affairs or gain new territory here. We seek no quarrels this time. with any nation. We have not been the aggressors in any of the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Oregon asks unani difficulties whlch are now lowering upon the horizon. But~ Mr. mous consent for the present consideration of a resolution, which President, I think there is no mistaking the temper of the Ameri will be read for information. = can people. For thirty years they have been absorbed in healing The Secretary read as follows: the ravages of civil war and_ in completing the conquest of the Resolved, That the names of the following select committees of the Senate be changed, as follows:· - - ' great continent which was ·our inheritance. That work is done. 'rhe "Select Committee to Inquire into all Claims of Citizens of the United "The American people have begun to turn· their eyes toward ihose States against the Government of Nicaragua," to the "Select Committee on 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 421 ' the Construction of the Nicaragua Canal"; the "Select Committee on the On India;Affairs: Messrs. Pettigrew (chairman), Platt, Shoup, Stewart. Quadro-Centennial," to the "Select Committee on International Exposi Mantle, Wilson, Allen, Jones of Arkansas, Morgan, Roach, Blarichard, and tlons "; the "Select Committee to Investigate the Geological Survey," to the Chilton. "Select Committee on the Geological Survey"; the "Select Committee on On Indian Depredations: Messrs. Wilson (chairman), Kyle, Shoup, Sewell, Forest Reservations." to the " Select Committee on Forest Reservations and Mantle, McBride, Lindsay, Faulkner, Cockrell, Bacon, and. Martin. the Protection of Game," and the "Select Committee on Corporations in the On Interstate Commerce: Messrs. Cullom (chairman), Chandler, Wolcott, District of Columbia," to the " Select Committee on Corporations Organized A1drich Carter, Gear, Gorman, Brice, Lindsay, Smith, and Chilton. in the District of Columbia." On Irrigation1 and Reclamation of Arid Lands: Messrs. Warren (chairman), Resolved jtwthe1·, That each of the new select committees above provided Kyle, Stewart, Thurston, Peffer, White1 Jones of Arkansas, Roach, and Brice. for shall be entitled to a. clerk at the rate of $1,440 each per annum; and the On the Judiciary: Messrs. Hoar (chairman), Teller, Platt, Mitchell of Ore Secretary of the Senate be, and he hereby is, authorized and directed to pay gon, Davis, Clark, Thurston. Pugh, George, Vilas, Hill, Lindsay, and Daniel. such clerks the salaries aforesaid from the appropriation of clerks to com On the Library: Messrs. Hansbrough (chairman), Wetmore, and Voorhees. mittees from the dates that they shall severally qualify. On Manufactures: Messrs. Wetmore (chairman), Cameron, Clark, Gibson, and Smith, The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con On Milita.;r-y Affairs: Messrs. Hawley (chairman), Proctor Shoup,8ewell, sideration of the resolution? The Chair hears none. The question Warren, Elkms, Bate, Cockrell, Palmer, Mitchell ofWisconsm,1 and Walthall. On Mines and Mining: Messrs. Stewart (chairman), Pettigrew, Wilson, is on agreeing to the resolution. Mantle, Warren, Bate, Call, Mills, and Tillman. The resolution was agreed to. On Naval Affairs: Messrs. Cameron (chairman), Hale~ Perkins, McMillan, Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I ask unanimous consent that the Chandler, Dubois, Blackburn, Gibson, Smith, Bacon, ana Tillman. On Organization, Conduct, and Expenditures of the Executive Depart rules be suspended and that the Senate proceed to the considera ments: Messrs. Butler (chairman), Dubois, Lodge, Wilson, Wetmore, Smith, tion of the resolution which I send to the desk. Cockrell, Hill, and Caffery. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Oregon asks unan On Pacific Railroads: Messrs. Gear (chairman), Stewart, Davis, Wolcott, Frye, Brice, Morgan, Faulkner, and Murphy. imous consent for the present consideration of a resolution, which On Patents: Messrs. Platt (chairman), Pritchard, Clark, Wetmore, Call, will be read for information. Mills, and Berry. The Secretary read as follows: On Pensions: Messrs. Gallinger (chairman), Shoup, Peffer, Hansbrough, Hawley, Lodge, Baker, Palmer, Brice, Vilas, Mitchell of Wisconsin, Lindsay, Resolved, That the following, commencing with January 1,1896, shall con and Roach. stitute the standing and select committees of the Senate of the United States On Post-Offices and Post-Roads: Messrs. Wolcott (chairman), Mitchell of for the Fifty-fourth Congress. . Oregon, Chandler, Burrows, Carter, Butler, Vilas, Irby, Hill, and Blanchard. On Printing: Messrs. Hale (chairman), Hansbrough, and Gorman. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? On Private Land Claims: Messrs. Harris (chairman), Pasco, Berry, Turpie, Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. The list of committees is a part Hale, Platt, and Baker. On Privileges and Elections: Messrs. Mitchell of Oregon (chairman), Hoar, of the resolution. Perhaps it is not necessary to read it at this Chandler, Burrows, Pritchard;..Gray, Pugh, Turpie, and Palmer. time. I a.sk unanimous consent that it be printed in the RECORD On Public Buildings and u-rounds: Messrs. Quay (chairman) Morr~ without reading. Squire, Mantle, Warren, Gear, Yest, Daniel, Gordon, Blan~hard, and l\IurpJlY.· On Public Lands: Messrs. Dubois (chairman), Pettigrew, Hansbrough, Wil The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present son, Carter, McBride, Allen, Berry, Pa.sco, Vilas, and Tillman. consideration of the resolution submitted by the Senator from On Railroads: Messrs. Clark (chairman), Gallinger, Gear, Elkins, Nelson, Oregon? The Chair hears none. The question is on agreeing to Thurston, Berry, Gordon, Palmer, Blackburn, and Blanchard. On Relations with Canada: Messrs. Carter (chairman)~ Hoar, Hale, Petti the resolution. grew, Perkins, Murphy, Pugh, Mitchell of Wisconsin. ana Tillman. Mr. GORMAN. Mr. President-- On the Revision of the Laws of the Uruted States: Messrs. Burrows (chair Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I understand unanimous consent man), Pritchard, Thurston, Daniel, and Call. On Revolutionary Claims: Messrs. Pugh (chairman), Bacon, Bate, Ql.m has been given to suspend the rules for the consideration of the eron, and Aldrich. · resolution. On Rules: Messrs. Aldrich (chairman), Hoar, Mitchell of Oregon, Teller, Mr. GORMAN. Yes; for its consideration. Blackburn, Harris, and Gorman. Mr. COCKRELL. Let the list be printed in the RECORD in On Territories: Messrs. Davis (chairman), Shoup, Squire, Sewell, Elkins, 'l'hurston, Hill, Bla~kburn, Ba.te Call, and White. connection with the resolution. On Transportation Routes to the Seaboard: Messrs. McBride (chairman}, Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Certainly. Aldrich, Clark, Sewell, Allen, Irby, George, Turpie, and Gordon. Mr. HARRIS. The paper which the Senator from Oregon holds SELECT COMMI'rl'EES. in his hand is a part of the resolution which he has sent to the To Investigate the Condition of the Potomac River Front at Washin~n: . desk? Messrs. George (chairman), 1\-[artin, Blanchard, Frye, Sherman., and PerKins. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Certainly. On the Construction of the Nicaragua Canal: Messrs. Morgan (chairman), Palmer Martin, Hawley, Mitchell of Oregon, Squire, Sewell. Mr. GORMAN. Let it be read. On Woman Suffrage: Messrs. Call (chairman), George, Hoar, Quay, and Mr. HARRIS. I think it had better be read. It will not take Peffer. long, and the Senate will then comprehend exactly what is pro On Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress: Messrs. Voor hees (chairman), Pugh, Morrill, Cullom, and Allison. posed. On the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians: Messrs. Gray (chairman), Pasco, Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Very well; let it be read. Teller, Platt, and Davis. - The VICE-PRESIDENT. The list will be read. On Transportation and Sale of Meat Products: Messrs. Blackburn (chair man), Vest, Wolcott, Wetmore, and Allen. The Secreta1·y read as follows: To Establish the University of the United States: Messrs. Kyle (chairman).l Resolved, That the following, commencing with January 1,1896, shall con Sherman, Hawley, Frye, Nelson, Jones of Arkansas. Turpie, Walthall, ana etitute the standing and select committees of the Senate of the United States Mitchell of Wisconsin. · for the Fifty-fourth Uongress: On International Expositions: Messrs. Thurston (chairman), Pettigrew, Sherman, Cameron, Hawley, Warren, McBride, Vest, Gray, Daniel, Gibson, STANDING COMMITTEES. Voorhees, and Lindsay. On the Geological Survey: Messrs. Elkins (chairman), Wolcott, Allison, On Agriculture and Forestry: Messrs. Proctor (chairman), Hansbrough, Walthall, and Mills. Warren, Gear, Butler, George, Bate, Roach, and Irby. · On National Banks: Messrs. Mantle (chairman), Dubois, Burrows, Mitchell On Appropriations: Messrs. Allison (chairman) Hale, Cullom, Teller, Quay, of Wisconsin, and Chilton. Pettigrew, Perkins, Cockrell, Call, Gorman, Blackburn, Brice, and Faulkner, On Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game: Messrs. Allen (chair To Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate: Messrs. man), Kyle, Teller, Mantle,· Morgan, Roach, and Tillman. Jones of Nevada (chairman), Gallinger, and Jones of A.I·kansas. On Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia: Messrs. Jones of On the Census: Messrs. Chandler (chairman), Hale, Allison, Cullom, Petti Arkansas (chairman), Gorman, Aldrich, Hoar, and McMillan. grew, Turpie, Berry, White, and Murphy. To Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands: Messrs. Baker (chairman), On Civil Service and Retrenchment: Messrs. Pritchard (chairman), Lodge, Carter, and Roach. Morrill, Dubois, Elkins, Gordon, Irby, Walthall, and Chilton. On Claims: Messrs. Teller (chairman), Mitchell of Or!_gon, Stewart, Allen, Mr. GORMAN. I desire to call the attention of the Senator Burrows, Warren, Pasco, Caffery, Chilton, Bacon, and .martin. On Coast Defenses: Messrs. Sqnire (chairman), Hawley, Proctor, Burrows, who offered the proposition to one omission. There is one place McBride, Butler, Gordon, Irby. Mills, White, and Smith. on the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads which has not On Commerce: Messrs. Frye (chairman), Jones of Nevada, Quay, Mc.Millan, been filled by this side. I make this statement so that it may be Squire, Elkins, Nelson, McBride, Vest, Gorman, White, Murphy, Berry, Pa-sco and Caffery. thoroughly understood if the resolution shall be adopted. On the District of Columbia: Messrs. Mc.Millan (chairman), Gallinger, Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I understand if the resolution is Ha.nsbrough1 Proctor, Pritchard, Baker, Wetmore, Harris, Faulkner, Gibson, adopted there will be a vacancy to be filled by the minority. Smith Martm, and Bacon. On Education and Labor: Messrs. Shoup (chairman), Kyle, Perkins, Mantle, Mr. GORMAN. Mr. President, it has been the tmiversal cus Clark, George, Caffery, Murphy, and Lindsay. tom of the Senate that the party in the majority should control the .On Engrossed Bills: Messrs. Cockrell (chairman), Allison, and Baker. majority of the committees of this body and the chairmanships On Enrolled Bills: Messrs. Sewell (chairman), Dubois, and Caffery. On Epidemic Diseases: Messrs. Vest (chairman), Harris, Irby, Jones of of all the committees, except perhaps eleven, which are usually Nevada, Gallinger, Quay, and Butler. allotted to the minority, and so with the majority of the member To Examine the Several Branches of the Civil Service: Messrs. Peffer ship of the committees, leaving, for instance, the membership of (chairman), Hoar, Gallinger, Gray, and Vilas. the minority in a committee of seven to consist of three, and in a On ])'inance: Messrs. Morrill ~hair man), Sherman, Jones of Nevada, Allison, !!a~~it1~~.t, Wolcott, Voor ees, Harris, Vest, Jones of Arkansas, White, committee of nine, of four. To that there is no objection. It is the proper and ordinary way of conducting the business affairs of On Fisheries: Messrs. Perkins (chairman), Proctor, Frye, Wilson, Butler, to Call, Gibson, Hill, and Mitchell of Wisconsin. the Senate. But owing to the fact, as was well known prior On Foreign Relations: Messrs. Sherman (chairman). Frye, Davis, Cameron, the assembling of this Congress, that neither of the great parti€8. Cullom, Lodge, Morgan, Gray, Turpie, Daniel, and Mills. Republican or Democratic, was likely to have a clear majority ot 0& Immigration: Messrs. Lodge (chairman), Chandler, Squire, Sewell, Peffer, Nelson, Hill, Voorhees, Faulkner, Harris, and Gibson. the Senate, a resolution was passed continuing the old committees On ImlJrovement of the Mississippi River and its Tributaries: Messrs. N el until otherwise ordered by the Senate. On this side of the Chamber IOn (chan·man), Gear, Baker, Carter, Blanchard, Bate, and Palmer. we are perfectly well aware of the fact that the Democrats are in a 422 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-8ENATE. DECEMBER 30, minority in this body. We have not a clear majority of all the Sena NAYS--28. tors elected, and we do not know as yet that the Republicans have a Bacon, Cockrell, Kyle, Pasco, clearmajority. Thatca.nonlybetestedanddemonstratedbyavote Bate, Daniel, Martin Pugh, Berry, Fa.ulkner, Mills, • Roach, upon this proposition. If the other side have a clear majority, Brice, Gorman, Mitchell. Wis. Smith, they are unquestionably entitled to the adoption of this resolution Oa.ff.ery, Harris, Morgan, Vest, and the entire change of all the principal committees of this body. Call, Hill, Murphy, Voorhees, Then the country will understand perfectly who is to be held Chilton, Jones, Ark. Palmer, WalthalL responsible for the conduct of business in this body. With a NOT VOTING-27. view of ascertaining that fact, I shall demand the yeas and nays on Aldrich, Davis, Jones Nev. Stewart, the adoption of the resolution. Allen, Gear, McBride,1 Thurston, Blackburn, George, McMillan, Tillman., The VICE-PRESIDENT. Th~ question is on agreeing to the Blanchard, Gibson, Mitchell, Oreg. Turpie, resolution, on which the yeas and nays have been demanded. Butler, Gordon, Peffer, Vilas, The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded to Cartm-, Gray, Pritchard, White. call the roll. Cullom, Irby, Shoup, Mr. GALLINGER (when Mr. ALDRICH's name was called). I So the resolution was agreed to. am requested to announce that the Senator from Rhode Island Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, it is due to the Populist party, fMr . .ALDRICH] stands paired on this vote with the Senator from represented in this Chamber, that a. very brief statement as to their South Carolina fMr. lRBYl. position be made to the Senate. Mr.CAFFERlT(whenMr.BLANCH.A.RD'snamewascalled). My During the Fifty-third Congress it was very common for Re colleague fMr. BLANCHARD] is paired on this question with the Sen publican Senators and Democratic Senators to classify us as •' Dem atorfrom:N" orth Carolina [Mr. PRITCHARD]. If my colleague were ocratic Populists" and" RepublicanPopulists,"respectively. The here, he would vote "nay." classification was altogether improper. It is due to the Senate and Mr. BRICE (when his name was called). I have a general pair to the country to state that the Populist party, while not number with the Senator from Colorado [Mr. WoLCOTT], but an arrange ing a great many in this Chamber, are as thoroughly and com ment has been made by which that pair has been transferred to pletely a party organization as either the Democratic or the Repub the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. LINDSAY], and I vote" nay." lican party. We want it distinctly understood by the Senate and Mr. CARTER (when his name was called). I am paired with by the country that we have no political affiliations whatever with the junior Senator from Maryland [Mr. GmsoN]. If he were either of the old parties. While our personal relations with Sen present, I should vote " yea." ators on both sides of the Chamber are what they should be, yet, Mr. CULLOM (when his name was called). I have a general so far as our political principles and our political sympathies are pair with the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY]. If he were concernedt we are just as averse to being known as "Republican present, I should vote " yea." Populists·~ or "Democratic Populists" as either of the old parties Mr. DAVIS (when his name was called). I am paired with the are to being known as having any tendency to Populism. Senator from Indiana [Mr. TURPIE]. If he were present, I should When this Congress convened we realized that there was a. clear vote " yea." · majority in the Senate in favor of the free and unlimited coina~e Mr. GEAR (when his name was called). I am paired with the of silver. We believed that Senators who declared themselves m Senator from Georgia [Mr. GoRDON]. If he were present, I should favor of silver meant what they sa.idt and that they were not vote'' yea." · Democrats first and silver men second, or Republicans first and Mr. WALTHALL (when Mr. GEORGE'Snamewascalled). My silver men next, but we believed that they were sincere, and that colleague [Mr. GEORGE] has a general pair with the j11nior Sen they were perfectly willing to unite in bringing about the passage ator from Oregon [Mr. McBRIDE]. My colleague would vote of a free silver measure in this body. To that end we promptly sent "nay " if present. out letters to every man in this Chamber who had declared him Mr. McBRIDE (when his name was called). As has been an self in favor of free silver, inviting Senators, regardless of their nounced, I am paired with the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. political affiliations, to meet in a caucus and organize the Senate GEoR(ml. If he were present, I should vote" yea." upon free silver lines. With the exception of two or three Sen Mr. McMILLAN (when his name was called). I am paired ators, no one was there but the members of the Populist party. with the Senator from Kentucky fMr. BLACKBURN]. If he were When it came to the question of the reorganization of the Senate, present, I should vote "yea," and he would vote "nay." we felt that as a matter of policy it was due our party that we take Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I call the attention of the Senator no part in it whatever. We felt that the Republican party, as from l\Iicrugan to the fact that a transfer was made of that pair between the Democratic party and itself, was in the ascendancy by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. BrucE] a moment ago. here. We felt as though the responsibility for the legislation of Mr. McMILLAN. I think not. Congress should pass to the Republican party in both Houses a.s 1\Ir. HARRIS. I think the Senator from Oregon is mistaken. speedily as possible, and that the country should unde1·stand that It was the transfer of a pair to the Senator fmm Kentucky [Mr. the Republican party is now in themajority, orin theascendency, LINDSAY], and not to his colleague [Mr. BLACKBURN]. in both branches of Congress, and is therefore responsible for leg Mr. MITd'HELL of Oregon. I beg pardon. islation in the future. We felt that it was due to om·selves a.s a Mr. Mc:MILLAN. I understand it as the Senator from Ten party that we take no hand whatever in the organization of the nessee has stated it. Senate, and that we should refrain from voting, permitting the Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon (when his name was called). I am Republicans and Democrats to settle the question of the organiza paired with the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. VILAS]. If he were tion between themselves. here I should vote '' yea.." I want to repeat, Mr. President, so that no man, woman, or child Mr. PRITCHARD (when his name was called). I am paired in this country may misunderstand what is said, that the Populist with the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. BLANCHARD]. If he were party in this Chamber and in the other branch of Cop.gress and here I should vote ''yea." in this country is a distinct political entity, having its organiza Ml.·. SHOUP (when his name was called). I am paired with the tion iu every State and Territory of the Union, having a vote Senator from California [Mr. WHITE]. If he were present I within 200,000 of the numberthat landed Mr. Lincoln in the Presi should vote ''yea." dency in 1861. We are a distinct organization, and propose to The roll call was concluded. maintain our organization throughout this and future Congresses. Mr. GALLINGER. I am requested to announce that the junior Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, I am inclined to ask the Senator Senator from Nebraska [Mr. THURSTON] is paired with the junior from Nebraska if his organization, composed of six members, as I Senator from South Carolina [Mr. TILLMAN]. understand it, in this body, did not deliberately, with a full knowl Mr. BACON. As has already been announced by the junior edge of the fact that they held the balance of power as between Senator from Iowa [Mr. GEAR], he is paired with my colleague the two great political parties represented here, determine by their [Mr. GORDON]. I simply desire to say that if my colleague were silence to allow the Republican organization here, that has two or present he would vote" nay." three more votes than the Democratic, to take absolute contml of Mr. PASCO. I am requested to announce that the junior Sena the management of the affairs of this Chamber, and if by that tor from So11th Carolina [¥I'· TILLMAN] is paired with the junior silence he does not understand and hold that they are a-s responsi Senator from Nebraska [Mr. THURSTON]. ble for the act as if they had cast their vote.s instead of sitting The result was announced-yeas 30, nays 28; as follows: here silent? Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I take very great pleasure in an YEA.S----00. swering the question of my distinguished friend from Tennessee. Allison, Frye, Morrill, Sherman, to Baker, Galli:D.ger, Nelson, Squire, When we came consider this question we realized, as the Sen Burrows, Hale, Perkins, Teller, ator well knows, that we held the balance of power in this Cham Cameron, Hansbrough, Pettigrew, Warren, ber. We realizeit.now; and !will saytothe Senatorwearegoing Chandler, Hawley, Platt, Wetmore, to utilize it to the fullest extent as we. go along. Clark, Hoar, . Proctor, Wilson. Dubois, Lodge, We could pursue one of two courses. That was plain to any Elkins, .Mantle, ~U:!n. man. We could either vote against the adoption of this resolu~ 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 423 tion, and by that means join our forces to the Democratic party, trol of the Finance Committee, from which must come monetary which we did not propose to do, or we could refuse to vote, and measures for the relief of the country. · by our negative action of course we could permit the Republican 1\Ir. MITCHELL of Oregon. No, Mr. President, the Senator is party to take charge of this Chamber. We saw fit to do the latter. wrong there again. As I understand the present complexion of the Evil was the result either way [laughter], and we chose what we Finance Committee, and as fixed by the resolution just adopted, considered the lesser evil. it is composed of six Republicans, six Democrats, and one Popu Let me say, Mr. President, in all kindness and all fairness, the list-thirteen in a.U. Democratic party has proven itself absolutely incapable of legis Mr. ALLEN. Yes, sir. lation. [Laughter.] The Democratic party came into this Cham Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Therefore the Populist party, so ber in March, 1893, with a clear majority of its own, not relying ably represented by the distinguished Senator from Nebraska, has in the slightest degree upon the Populist vote. the balance of power in the Committee on Finance-. Mr. GALLINGER. ln"both Houses. Mr. ALLEN. We are satisfied with that. Mr. ALLEN. I never undertook to do anything in better faith Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. As it has the balance of power in in my life than I did when I came into this Chamber to support the Senate. the reform movements of Mr, Cleveland. I did not care whether Mr. ALLEN. I do not want the Senator from Oregon to under he was a Democrat, a Populist, a Republican, a Prohibitionist, or take to escape responsibility for his party. This is a government; what he was. If he could give to the homes of this country re of the committee, by the committee, and sometimes for the commit lief, as he professed he could and would, I was for Mr. Cleveland tee. Every important committee in this Chamber is completely and for his mea-sures. The Democratic party claimed to be for in the control of the Republican party, and I hope the distin tariff reform. I believe in taliff reform myself; I believe in light guished Senator from Oregon will not now undertake to back ening the burdens of taxation upon the people of this country. water and say that the Republican party will not be responsible When the measure came before the Senate for its consideration, it for what measures are presented here. was loaded up with protection; it was loaded at both ends and in Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. The Republican party is responsi the center with protection in a very crude and imperfect form. ble for measures passed through the Senate whenever they have Every time a measure has been introduced here and brought up enough members of their party to pass a measure through the in this Chamber which looked to the enlargement of the volume Senate, and only then. of money, the Democrats, who have professed to be in favor of Mr. ALLEN. If the Senator will indulge me further, I will monetary reform, voted against it. They have talked one way state that you have power now to present those measures to the and voted another, until this country has passed into an indebt Senate for us to vote on. edness of over $163,000,000 in the last eighteen or nineteen months, Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Certainly; we can present them. and is going still deeper in debt. Mr. HOAR. So can any individual Senator. I have no faith in that portion of the Democratic party repre Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. But so long as the Republicans of. sented by Mr. Cleveland and his friends. I have no faith in their the Senate have but 42 votes in this body they are powerless capacity or in their disposition to relieve this country. against a majority of the Senate to pass any measure. I want to say, Mr. President, that I have no faith in the Repub Mr. ALLEN. I think, if the Senator will indulge me onemo lican party's capacity or disposition to relieve the country-not ment further-- the slightest. [Laughter.] These gentlemen have all talked Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Certainly. about the Democrats, and will talk about them and about the Pop Mr. ALLEN. Whenever you present a respectable measure, ulists; but I want to say to them that the do-nothing policy which designed for the relief of the people of this country, you can safely they have inaugurated in the other branch of Congress and which count on the Populist vote to help you pass it. they have inaugurated in this branch will work their ruin, and Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I hope so, and I hope more than I want the responsibility to begin now, so that the people of this that. I hope when the Republican party presents a respectable country in the next six months will see the do-nothing policy on meastrre in the Senate, and one that is right, and I trust they will the part of the Republican party result in as much disaster as the never present any but such, not only the Populist members, but policy pursued by the Democratic party. Now, I hope I have sat every Democrat will vote for it. I should hope so. Still, perhaps, isfactorily answered the question. it is hoping against hope. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I thought a few moments ago that Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President-- perhaps a word of response would be appropriate to the sugges The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Oregon yield tion made by the Senator from Maryland [Mr. GORMAN] when to the Senator from Tennessee? the resolution was under consideration, to the effect that while it Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Certainly. was not quite certain as to whether the Republicans were in a Mr. HARRIS. I simply want the Senator to make his state majority in the Senate, if we succeeded in adopting the resolution ment a little more distinctly and more in exact accordance with that then, as suggested by the Senator, of course it must be taken the facts. It is the uniform custom of the Senate for long years for granted we are in a majority, and must be held responsible for past that the majority party, claiming the right to organize and the legislation of the Senate. The answer to that has been fully control the action of the body, has in variably given to the minor made by the speech by the Senator from Nebraska to which we ity party some ten or twelve of the minor and least important have just listened and the suggestion made by the Senator from committees. Tennessee. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Certainly; that is true. The truth is, Mr. President, the Republicans of the Senate are Mr. HARRIS. And that is what the majority party with its not in a majority. They were not in the majority before this res Populite contingent has done to the Democratic party now. olution was presented; theyarenotinthemajoritynow. Whether [Laughter.l they ever will be in a majority during the present session of Con Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Mr. President- gress remains to be seen. The Senate is composed, when its mem The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Oregon will sus bership is full, of 88 Senators. That membership now consists of pend until order is restored. The Senate will be in order. The 87, which constitutes the present Senate, as there is one vacancy, Senator from Oregon will proceed. namely, from the State of Delaware. Of these 87 the Republicans Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I desire to state that the Senator have 42 memhers, the Democrats have 39, and the Populists have 6. from Nebraska rMr. ALLEN], representing the Populist party in If that state of the case gives a majority of the Senate to any polit the Senate, has stated the case precisely, so far as the organization ical party in the Senate, then it requires some kind of figuring of the committees is concerned. The Populists of the Senate ab that I have no knowledge of. solutely refused to take part. They even refused to make sug Mr. ALLEN. Will the Senator from Oregon permit me to put gestions as to assignments on committees. Their statement was, a question to him? "You Republicans and Democrats can settle these matters your Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Certainly; two of them. selves. We are a very small minority here; there are but six of Mr. ALLEN. The adoption of the resolution gives to theRe- us; we will take no part one way or the other." We, however, publicans the control of every committee in the Senate. assigned them to places on committees-- Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. No. Mr. HARRIS. Will the Senator allow me to ask him a question? Mr. ALLEN. Therefore- Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. In one moment. We permitted Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. No, Mr. President. them to retain substantially the same places they held under the Mr. ALLEN. Well, every important committee. The Finance Democratic assignment two years ago. Four of the chairman Committee, for instance. ships, I think, were left precisely as they were before. That of Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Not every important committee. Mr. PEFFER, I think, was changed to another committee. There are eleven committees, some of them quite important com Mr. HARRIS. The question I wanted to ask the Senator is, mittees, in some of which the Democrats have control and in all whether that position of nonaction and silence when they came of which there is a Democratic chairman. to a yea-and-nay vote in this Chamber was not quite as satisfac-. Mr. ALLEN. Let me put to the Senator another question. tory to the Senator from his Republican partisan standpoint as if Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. Certainly. . he had pledged the members of that party to stand here and vote Mr. ALLEN. The resolution gives the Republican party con- wit1 the Republican party upon all questions? 424 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 30, Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I am always bound to be satisfied Mr. ALLEN. I merely want to ask the Senator a question. I with whatever the majority of the Senate does, so far as that is do not wish to interrupt him unnecessarily. Can the Senator from concerned; but so far as I am concerned personally, when I offered Massachusetts as a representative Republican promise us that the resolution I was not advised before the vote was taken as to those mea-sures will be reported back in one form or another to the whether the resolution would receive a majority of the votes cast Senate? or not. Mr. HOAR. That is a very different question. Mt-. HOAR. Mr. President, it seems to me that the-Senator Mr. ALLEN. I thought so. from Tennessee, not designedly, I am sure, has made some re Mr. HOAR. Whether I promise or whether anyone promises, marks which are calculated to give a very wrong impression to the no Republican and no ten Republicans have authority to make a country and which exaggerate altogether the importance of what promise that the committees shall report measures that they do not has been done. The rule of the Senate long ago, and the rule for believe in. What I say is that there is not a measure of pub which, I have no doubt, the Senator from Tennessee voted when lic policy on any important or u.nimportant matter which it is it was adopted-but whether he did or not, the rule of the Senate not in the power of any individual Senator to present under as long ago provided that the committees of the Senate should be good circumstances as if it were reported by a committee, either organized by pluralities and not by majorities. by presenting it himself as a separate measure or by moving it as Mr. H.A.RRIS. I am aware what Rule XXIV is. an amendment. If he can get a majority of the Senate to favor Mr. HOAR. I dare say the Senator knows eve~ything under it, it passes. If a majority of the Senate are against it; it fails. the sun. The matter of the chairmanship has nothing to do with the mat Mr. HARRIS. Oh, no; I do not profess to know everything. ter of important political power or the advantage given to meas Mr. HOAR. I am speaking for the information of the country ures in this body. at present. Now, the Senator from Tennessee f¥r· HARRIS] talks about the Otherwise, when there happened to be three parties in this Populist party as a contingent or addition to the Republican party. country of. so many diverse opinions represented here, none of Mr. President, take the political doctrines of the Senator from them having a majority, the Senate can not act. Now, everything Tentlessee and the political doctrines of the Senator from N e that is necessary to the proceeding by the Senate in due order to braska [Mr. ALLEN] who sits next to him, and they have voted legislate is provided for by that rule, which is that the plurality together in the past and will vote together in the future ten times shall organize the committees. If there were ten parties ii;l the where the Senator from Nebraska votes with me or the majority Senate, nine of them having eight members apiece and the other of Republicans once. That is a ridiculous, idle, and utterly un one having but nine. the nine members, from the necessity of the founded suggestion on the part of the Senator from Tennessee. case, organize the committees. In the present condition of this country it is very absurd to talk Now, when the committees are organized everything has hap about political parties in this matter. The divisions which exist pened which is necessary to a complete provision for the due and in this country to-day are in regard to certain doctrines concern .orderly transaction of the public business. The committees meet. ing which the party lines ·or party fetters or obligations sit very They have no chairman. That is required to be done by a major lightly on the shoulder of any Senator in this body. They vote ity. But without a chairman, a committee, having met, can des according to their individual opinions and the opinions of their ignate one of its members to present to the Senate what it agrees constituents. on, whether it has a chairman or not. So if every Populist had The Senator from illinois fMr. PALMER] asked me if I supposed voted" no" against the resolution it was equally in the power of the Republican party are no£ willing to be responsible for the ac the Republican party to have made all of the committees of this tion of the majority of the committees of this body. I suppose body just as it pleased, and for those committees to go on and they expect to be responsible within all reasonable bounds; that · fram~ and present business for the country. The election of a is, if a committee report, as they ordinarily will, measures based chairman is a mere matter of personal convenience. on the principles which the Republican party believe in, theywill Mr. PALMER. I should be glad to ask the Senator from Massa accept the responsibility. An individual Republican may not do chusetts a single question. so, and he is not responsible. · The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Massachu But what I rose to say and what I wish to repeat is that such setts yield to the Senator from illinois? responsibility as grows out of the framing and presenting meas Mr. HOAR. Certainly. ures of committees and the election of committees in this body is Mr. PALMER. Does the Republican party decline to be re a responsibility which the rule puts upon pluralities and not upon sponsible for the committees that have been organized? majorities, and the Senator from Maryland, the Senator from Mr. HOAR. That question does not relate to anything that I Tennessee, the Senator from Nebraska, the Senator from Illinois, am saying at present. I would rather complete first what I have and the whole country know as well as I do that the Republican to say. I will come to the Senator's question afterwards. party is not in the majority in this Chamber. There is a further fact which gentlemen familiar with the con Mr.-PASCO. Mr. President, the impression made by the Sen stitutional organization of this body, as the Senator from Tennes ator from Massachusetts ought not to go out uncorrected. He see, ought to know, and which the Senator from Tennessee does seems to suggest that the resolution which has just been carried by know. It is in the power of every individual Senator in this body a majority of the Senate could have been carried equally as well by to present any mea-sure to the body he chooses. The power of a plurality. Now, while that may be true with reference to the amendment is unlimited. A bill presented by an individual Sen individual memberships of the committees-- ator has the same right on the Calendar to be considered and dealt Mr. HOAR. I did not say so. The Senator will pardon me. with by the Senate under our rules as a bill presented by the most Mr. PASCO. That is the impression that will go out from the important committee of the Senate. Not only does that right Senator's remarks, whatever his exact words may have been. exist, but, as I was about to say, the right of amendment, there Mr. HOAR. No; I said that as to the construction of the com being no previous question here, is absolute and untrammeled, mittees, except the chairmanships-- important as the right of free and untrammeled speech itself. Mr. PASCO. But this was not a construction of committees. So the Populist party has the same power, whether the commit This was the appointment of chairmen of committees as well as tees are made up as we propose or not, that the Republican party filling up the membership, and the Senator did not speak with his has, or that the Democratic party has. There is no difference usual candor in referring to the action as one that could have whatever on that point. The election of a chairman is a mere been carried through as well by a plurality as by a majority. matter of convenience involving the right under our rules to oc Mr. HOAR. Will the Senator from Florida pardon me? I am cupy the committee room for private purposes, and involving the afraid my honorable friend did not hear what I said. right, I suppose, to appoint the clerk of the committee, though I Mr. PASCO. I did. believe he may be appointed by the committee itself if it chooses Mr. HOAR. I expressly stated that the chairman required a to take the matter into its own hands. majority, and went on to state that the power of the chairman · Mr. ALLEN. I wish to suggest to the Senatorfrom Massachu had nothing to .do with the matter of framing measures or the setts that while it is in. our power to present such measures as construction of a committee as far as it was a political agent. may seem proper, yet the world knows, oroughttoknow, that the Mr. PASCO. I listened very carefully to what the Senator said committee rooms are burial places for the best measures that have and for what he did not say. As a matter of fact, it ought to be ever been presented in this Chamber; and that the Republican understood by the country that the resolution required a majority party, having control of the important committees, has it in its vote, and that it could not have been carried through the Senate power to bury every Populist measure in this Chamber and never without a majority vote. It was not simply a question, as the re let it see daylight again. marks of the Senator from Massachusetts would seem to indicate, Mr. HOAR. So have the Populist party and the Democratic as to who were to form the membership of the committees, but it party the power to bury every Republican measure. The Sena included also the question as to who should be chairmen of those tor-- committees, and that really was the most important part of the Mr. ALLEN. Can the Senator from Massachusetts-- resolution . . Mr. HOAR. Now, let me go on. The Senator is not rising to . I do not feel willing that this matter should pass without com correct anything I say, but to make a speech of his own. · ment, and the impression should not go out to the country that 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 425 the resolution would have been equally as effective if the Populist ideas and principles they claimed to cherish. They have deserted members of the Senate had voted, and had voted against it. As a them bag and baggage and gone over to the Republican camp matter of fact, it required their votes or their silence to carry in everything but name. Yes, if theyhad stood by the tea(;hings through this reorganization. In order that this matter may be of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson there would have been made more apparent, I ask that the Secretary may read the rule, no People's Party to-day. The People's Party came into exist so that it may show clearly that the chairmen of committees must ence to defend and uphold the very principles which your party be selected by a majority vote, and that the vote which we have has deserted. It came into existence to defend and to put into just cast was for the selection of chairmen as well as for the mem practice the great, true principles of Democracy and Republican bership of the committees. ism as represented by Jackson, Jefferson, and Lincoln, and be The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read as indicated. cause your party, both old parties, have deserted and gone over The Secretary read as follows: to the side of the monopolists and gold bugs. I hope the Senator from Tennessee will show his devotion to silver and the people RULE XXIV. when he votes for President in the next campaign, even if he will APPOINTME:ST OF COMMITTEES. not help us to organize the Senate against the gold bugs. 1. In the appointment of the standing committees, the Senate, nnless other wise ordered, shall proceed by ballot to appoint severally the chairman of Mr. HARRIS. Will the Senator allow me to ask him a ques each committee, and then, by one ballot, the other members necessary to com tion? plete the same. A majori% of the whole number of votes given shall be nec- Mr. BUTLER. Youmay. ~~S:~l~~iir ;~~\c:h<>! o~he:~~~~~:sa ~~~g lt~~t;~o~~F;~::g!Ii Mr. HARRIS. The Senator speaks of combining with other be appointed by ballot, unless otherwise ordered, and a plurality of votes organizations. I hope it is not impertinent if I ask the Senator shall appoint. if he does not hold the seat he occupies upon this floor by a com Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, I regret that I am compelled, bination between the Populists and the Republicans of the State so soon after entering this body, to take issue with those who have that he in part represents? served here so long and so prominently. But some things have Mr. BUTLER. I will answer the question with pleasure. I been said reflecting on the People's Party which I, representing hold my seat by such a cooperation for the simple reason that the that partyin part as I do, can not allow to go unchallenged. For party in my State which you belong to got to be so corrupt the instance, such a statement as that made by the Senator from Ten people in the State rebelled against its management. Your party nessee [Mr. HARRIS], who seemed to take peculiar pleasure in try could to-day be in full power in North Carolina if it had stood by ing to brand or stigmatize the People's Party as an annex of some its pledges and promises. A cooperation of all who opposed its other party. It is due the People's Party, and it is due the Senate, methods was made, but that combination could not have driven that the facts Shall be known as they are. I propose to state the the Democratic party from power in North Carolina-if-that party facts. had been true to its pledges, true to its promises, and true to its The People's Party Senators had not decided what position they people. It not only deserted the principles of Thomas Jefferson would take with reference to t.he organization when we came here and Andrew Jackson, thereby disgusting the great rank and file from our homes. We knew that we held the balance of power. of the party, but it tried to keep itself in power by stealing and We had a consultation to decide what was best. After consult perjury at the ballot box, by ballot-box stuffing and manipulating ing, viewing the situation fully, we decided that it was our duty to the returns. This made fair elections-the purity of the ballot take advantage of the situation and to use the power which we box-the overshadowing issue in North Carolina politics. . had, this balance of power, to try to effect some reforms that we A large majority of the voters of the State joined in a movement believe are necessary to relieve the oppression of the people and to COITect these abuses. The Democratic party held the election restore prosperity to the countJ:y. It was, of course, understood machinery and under a vicious election law determined to count that we should make no bargains or trades with either party for enough votes in the last election to keap them in power. But the patronage or spoils, but we decided iinanimously that we would revolt of the people against the Democratic machine was greater cooperate with such Senators in both of the old parties who would than the leaders anticipat-ed. They stole over 30,000 votes, but stand together with us against the monopolists and the gold com fell 20,000 short of having enough. Yes, we freed North Carolina, bine and make a square fight to give the people of this country and, I trust, forever, from such corrupt methods. This was done such remedial legislation as is necessary to give new life to agri with the help of men who had been Democrats all-thek lives. culture, manufacturing, and to every honest industry. I trust that I.have given the Senator from Tennessee a full and We decided further that we not only wQuld express our willing satisfactory answer to his question. ness to do this, but that we would in"'ite such Senators to coop Mr. President, to return to the point, this invitation was sent to erate with us on this line. We knew that a number of such the Senator from Tennessee and to 51 other Senators on this floor. Senators agreed with us as to the results that should be secured, Fifty-two Senators on this floor got that invitation. What was yet disagreed with us as to some of the methods of getting this the position of the People's Party? If those 52 men, elected as relief. But there is one remedy (one plank of the People's Party silver men, men pledged to vote against the gold standard, liad platform) on which a majority o.f the Senators in this body are accepted our invitation, we could have organized the Senate and understood to agree, and that is the free and unlimited coinage put every committee in the hands of the friends of silver. This of silver on equal terms with gold. So we decided to ask those would have enabled us to have brought forward and passed a free who were elected as free-coinage men to cooperate with us. The coinage bill and also to have repealed the law under which Presi first step toward legislation was to organize the Senate. We sent dent Cleveland is about to issue more bonds. We were anxious to a written invitation to 52 silver Senators. do this. But only a few Senators from the two old parties ac I should like to ask the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. HARRIS] cepted our invitation. if he did not receive an invitation as follows: The Senator from Tennessee declined that invitation. Which course was it the duty of the People's Party Senators to pursue? WASHINGTON, D. C., November SO, 1895. Hon. I. G. HARRIS. We had to do one of three things. I wtmt to be understood. We DEAR Sm: There will be a meeting of Senators friendly to silver in the had either to vote with the Democrats to organize the Senate, or Marble Room of the Capitol on Monday, December 2, at 11 a.m., to consult vote with the Republicans to organize the Senate, or to stand ~~~d~~tt!n~:ganiz:mg the Senate on silver lines. You are respectfully alone. We decided tovotewithneitherside. Wehadinvited the men on both sides who claimed to agree with us on financial ques Signed by W. M. STEW ART, W. V. ALLEN, W. A. PEFFER, and tions to cooperate with us, and both sides had refused. But the myself. Senators KYLE and JONES of Nevada were not present; Senator from Tennessee makes the point that-We refused, and by they came in that night and indorsed it. Did not the Senator not voting-mark his words-we virtually voted for the Repub from Tennessee get such an invitation? licans. I believe I state him correctly. Now, let us see what we Mr. HARRIS. Does the Senator desire an answer? would have done by voting. By voting for candidates of our own, Mr. BUTLER. I do. as we wanted to do, we found that we would simply deadlock the Mr. HARRIS. I give it with pleasure. I did receive, I im Senate, and the result would be what? Virtually to vote for the agine, a copy of the paper the Senator reads, and the only remark Democrats. Now, mark that. We would be just as much voting I care to add is that up to this hour there has been no period of for the Democrats as if we had cast our ballots for them, and the my life when I was willing to join in the organization of a great Senator from Tennessee knows it, and he would be forced to ad political party based upon one single idea. I have never been mit it if he dared to say anything now. quite willing to organize a political party upon a single idea or a Mr. PETTIGREW. I should like to ask the Senator from North single proposition. Yet I am as earnest an advocate of the utiliza Carolina a question. tion of the free and unlimited coinage of silver as any one of the Mr. BUTLER. Certainly. gentlemen who attached their names to that paper. Mr. PETTIGREW. I should like to ask him if he regards my Mr. BUTLER. The gentleman says that he will not help to colleague, Senator KYLE, aB a member of the Populist party in organize or fight for one idea. I think he had better try to get this body? his party to organize and stand for at least one idea, for it has not Mr. BUTLER. Senator KYLE is a Populist, but I believe he a single idea to-day. It would be to his credit and to his party's did not act entirely with the other People's Party Senators in the credit if they had one idea-just one. They have deserted the programme I am now speaking of. 426 COl~GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE~ DEOE1.IBER 30, Mr. PETTIGREW. He voted with the Democrats on the reso crats propounded a set upon their side, and the Populists were lution, and I simply wanted to know where to classify him. left substantially as they were in the Senate during the last Con Mr. BUTLER. Senator KYLE-- gress, which was Democratic. Mr. KYLE. Will the Senator from North Carolina allow me Now, those propositions were brought before the Senate, and just one word? nothing could more clearlydisclosewhat is the situation now and Mr. BUTLER. Certainly. what will be the situation hereafter than the vote and the discus· Mr. KYLE. 1 should like to inform my colleague, and all mem sion. The list of committees as reported by the Senator from bers of the Senate present, that the junior Senator from South Dar Oregon [Mr. MrrCHELL], representing the Republican side, and kota is independent all the way through and is not bound by any with the control of the committees substantially given to theRe caucus. . publican side, received on a yea-and-nay vote 30 votes. The oppo Mr. BUTLER. ·The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. KYLE] sition, whatever it may have been, to the committees so constituted says he was elected as an independent and that he is acting as an received 28 votes, and 5 Populists sat silent. Had they voted with independent. the Democratic party, which was solid, the vote would have stood The Senator from South Dakota is a mighty good Populist, for 30 yeas and 33 nays, and the Republican programme would have .he votes the Populist doctrine every time. I wish there were tumbled and fallen to the ground. more here like him. So it must be, Mr. President. The country must see and must Now I will proceed with what the five did. I repeat that if we understand that in the case of any proposition framed by the ma had voted as the Senator from Tennessee says we ought to have jority of a committee, Republicans though they may be, and pre voted we would virtually have been voting for the Democrats, sented to the Senate, the same thing that occurred to-dav will and he knows it. I wish to state right here that there are two occur again and again recurringly. The Populist members have reasons why we did not do so. The first reason is that we expected the balance of power. If the Republicans report what is called a that the Senator from Tennessee and others on the other side who sound-money measure and hold their votes for it and the Demo· havo made such loud professions for free silver and for financial re crats vote against it and the Populists vote with the Democratic form would at least be among the foremost if not the foremost to party, the Republican programme falls and is naught. If the join hands with us in trying to organize the Senate for silver and Republicans on any committee formulate a measure of another the people and against the gold-standard monopoly. class, something that does not pertain to sound money, and pre Mr. President, we were sorely disappqinted, and on top of it we sent it here, the result will depend upon tha Populists. see interviews in the newspapers from gentlemen on the other side I welcome the fact, however, that after all the discussion and saying the country will go to perdition if we do not have free coin after all question about where the responsibility lies, we have to. age, and yet in the same interviews saying that if their party day brought it out of the domain of discussion and speculation nominates a gold bug for President next time they will bowdown into the domain of the concrete and the demonstrable. That is and lick his feet and vote for him. There is something I wish to shown by the vote here to-day. say now and to say with emphasis. I would not say it, for I dis Mr. VEST. Mr. Pres~dent, I am very glad to hear the Senator like to say unpleasant things, but for the fact that I believe the from Maine say that this proposition has now come to the concrete, situation in this country is so perilous with respect to the welfare as the concrete of the whole matter is that the Populists remained of the people that I ought to say it. It is this: Free coinage would silent and permitted the Republicans to take charge of the com· have been secured long ago if it had not been for those who claim mittees of this body, because the Committee on Finance, as now to be free-coinage men, but who sacrifice it for party success. If constituted, has on it a majority of free-coinage men. It has been these men would stand for free coinage, party or no party, the stated here that that committee is composed of six Republicans people of this country would have had free coinage before now. and six Democrats, with one Populist; but the Senator from Colo It is the men who talk free coinage in campaigns, but bow to the rado [Mr. WoLCOTTl is put upon the committee with the knowl party lash in their national convention, when gold bugs, who have edge and understanding that it gives the committee to the free- prevented the passage of free-coinage legislation, tell them which coinage advocates in this body. That is the concrete of the whole way to vote. Such men are the worst enemies of free coinage, al business. Without that arrangement we never would have seen though they profess to be its friends. our Populist friends sit here dumb as oysters while the programme Mr. President, there is one other reason. If the Democratic was being carried through. party had more votes here than the Republicans, we would have Mr. ALLISON. I desire to call the attention of the Senator actedjust as we did. Why? Because bynotvotingwewould have from Missouri [Mr. VEsT] to the fact that the complexion of the allowed the party that had the most votes to take the offices, since Finance Committee is not altered by the change in the commit· they would not help us. We decided that we would not help a tees, except that the number is increased. It is well known that minority that would not help us to organize, but that between a majority of the Finance Committee as organized are in favor of the two sides we would allow those who had the greater number the free coinage of silver, every Democrat on the committee being of votes to take the organization before we would help those who understood to be in favor of it. As respects the selection of the were in the minority to take it-a minority that had refused to Senator from Colorado [Mr. WoLCOTT] or the selection of the raise its hands to help free coinage when we called upon them to new Democratic member of the committee, we do not deceive help us. ea.ch other, no matter what we may say here. It is known that There is something else. I do not think the members o:£ the the Finance Committee was and is in favor of the free coinage of party which the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. HARRIS] represents silver, and it is also known that practically no organization of the can affo1·d to ask for Populist help so long as they stay inside of Senate could be made without that being the case. Therefore we that party, with its present views and leadership. I wish to say are to-day dealing with leather and prunella with respect to ihe that in my humble opinion his party does not deserve the support whole question. We came here with a perfect knowledge on the or the help of the People's Party. It had a majority in the lq.st part of both sides of the Chamber that neither the Republicans Congress, and yet on the statute books to-day there is a Repub nor the Democrats had a majority control in this body, and that lican law giving the President the power to issue bonds. He the decent and orderly conduct of business required that there issued bonds under your teeth here in the last Congress. And we should be such an organization of the Senate as would assign new understand now that he is in another dark-lantern trade negotiat members, who come in on both sides of the Chamber, to proper ing with private individuals for the sale of more bonds under a and effective places with relation to the business of the Senate. law that the Democratic party has denounced but refused to repeal It was also found, in the adjustment of the committees, that when it had the power. We suppose the President will make an certain committees which hitherto had nine or eleven members other deal that will put millions of the people's money into private were too small, in the judgment of both sides of the Chamber, to pockets. The People's Party is opposed to such infamous laws take into consideration the varied interests of the people of the and to such infamous transactions. Therefore the Democratic United States. It was necessary, in the nature of things, that party does not deserve Populist support any more than the Repub there should be some composition of the situation whereby the lican party, on its record, deserves Populist support, and neither committees should be organized. They had to be organized either party will get it. We have simply stood by the principles. We by a union of the independent party, called the Populist or Peo· have let the two old pat·ties fight it out. The Republicans had ple's Party, with the Republicans or with the Democrats, or by the most votes, and they got the organization. If the Democrats that party taking the organization which had the largest number had had the largest number of votes they would have secured it. in membership on this floor. The Republican party, as shown by We have been consistent. You gentlemen must make the best of the vote here to-day, notwithstanding the fact that one Populist your records you can. voted with the Democrats, had a plurality of 2 as against the Mr. HALE. Mr. President, I do not think there is need of much Democratic party. If the Populist Senator had not voted with more speech to show the situation. There is nothing mysterious the Democrats we would have had a plurality of 3 in this about it, there is nothing undiscerned, and the discussion to-day Chamber as against the Democrats. has disclosed it entirely. The Republican members of the Sen It may be well for gentlemen upon the other side of the Senate ate, a plurality, but with no power of carrying into execution any and upon this to seek partisan advantage out of the condition, but measure, whether of organization or of legislation, simply pro tlwse who read and see what is done in this Chamber will under pounded a list of committees as touching their side; the Demo- stand that the whole arrangement has practically been made under 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.- the necessities of the situation. When my friend the Senator shaping the committees so as to secure the services of the men from Oregon [Mr. MITCHELL] this morning sent to the desk the who, as Democrats and Republicans, understand it and have the resolution providing for the organization of the committees, it re best interests of the country at heart, I think we would have had quired the unanimous consent of this body-of every Democrat and better legislation than we shall have now. But by the action every Populist in it-to deal with the question to-day. It could which has been taken the great FinanceCommittee, ashasbeen not have been dealt with except by a common and general under stated on the other side to-day, is controlled by the Populist party. standing that it was wise to deal with it and to deal with it as we Mr. HALE. Will the Senator from Maryland allow me to a,sk have done. I believe this is the first time (certainly it is the first him a question? time within my experience in this Chamber) that we have ever Mr. GORMAN. With great pleasure. had a yea-and-nay vote upon the organization of committees.. It Mr. HALE. The question I desire to ask is pertinent to the arose from the fact that neither of the great parties has a majority Senator's allusion to the Finance Committee. He has twice re in this Chamber, and the minority party, as between the Repub ferred to what might have happened beneficently if another pro licans and Democrats, sought by a yea-and-nay vote to ascertain cedure had been taken and if the best thought of the Senate had how the Populist members of the Senate would vote or whether been brought together on the committees. Before the Senator sits they would vote at all. down, I wish he would explain to the Senate what he means by I shall not go into the minutia of what would have been the that statement~ What issue is it? Is it the money question, is it effect if they had voted one way or the other. Nobody is to be the tariff question, or what? And upon the money question, let fooled about the matter. .AI; Mr. Lincoln said, "You can fool all him explain to the Senate, if he desires the better thought, per· of the people some of the time and part of the people all the time, haps the conservative thought, of the country to be more promi· but you can not fool all the people all the time." The people of nent,how it happens thatwhen themembership of the Committee this country understand the play here to-day. They know that on Finance, which must report all financial measures, was in· neither of the old parties ha,s a majority in this Chamber;· that creased, so that the Democratic party was entitled to an additional neither of them in the concrete, as the Senator from Maine [Mr. member, having already on it five silver men, it proceeded to put HALE] and the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST] say, has the on another silver man. If the Senator refers to that subject when power of legislation here. None of the great questions which are speaking of the sound thought of the country, let him explain to the subject of controversy between political parties in this country the Senate and the country why it was that the Democratic party, can be settled by thls body unless Democrats vote with the Re in making up its composition of the Finance Committee, did not publicans or Populists vote with the Republi~, or unless Re give preference to the sound-money men on the other side of the publicans vote with the Democrats or with the Populists. There Chamber. With one supporter of the .Administration for sound fore, to charge party responsibility upon either side, either in the money and sound thought, to use the Senator's language, going committee room or in the Chamber, is playing with the whole off the committee, why did the Senator and his associates fill the question as respects our responsibility. place of a sound-money man with a silver man when they had to Mr. GORMAN. J.\.Ir. President, I confess my amazement at the put on a new man? distinguished Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLisoN], who, with his Mr. STEWART. Mr. President-- party friends on the other side of the Chamber, has been most Mr. GORMAN. I yielded only for a question. I shall detain anxious to assume responsibility by taking charge of the main the Senate but a moment longer. · committees of this body, and yet, before the committees are or Mr. STEWART. If the Senator will allow me, I should like to ganized, proclaims to the country that they have no power to carry have the term " sound money" defined? out the decrees of their party. Mr. GORMAN. Mr. President, 42 Republicans on the other From this time henceforth Senators on the other side of the side of the Chamber assumed that they were in the majority in Chamber are responsible for the action of both branches of Con this body. gress. The Republicans came here knowing that they had not a Mr. HALE. Oh, no. clear majority in the Senat-e. By common consent provision was Mr. GORMAN. They assumed that they had the right to con· made at the last session of Con~ess for this very condition of trol the majority of the committees of this body, and, as is usual affairs, knowing that it was absolutely necessary to make such where a party is in the majority, they proceeded to assign to the concessions as had never before been made in the Senate, for such Finance Committee seven members and gave to this side six. It a condition, where a few gentlemen hold the balance of power, is no matter of mine how they selected their seven. They did had existed but once before in the history of this body. In that select one from Nevada, another from Colorado-- condition, as I understood it and as I supposed the other side Mr. HALE. The Senator from Nevada was an old member. meant it, the resolution was adopted, in order that this great body Mr. GORMAN. Yes, he was an old member; but the Senator might adjust its committees on more liberal lines as between the froml\Iaineknew his views, becau..~e they are better known through· two parties, on a line which would have secured for the country out the country than those of any other Senator. I am not going the consideration of measures in committee by the best thought of into the manner of the selection. both sides of the Chamber, without reference to the third party. Mr. HALE. Let me make one suggestion. Mr. President, after all, the country wHl hold either the Repub Mr. GORMAN. ~ With pleasure. licans or the Democrats responsible for the Government for the Mr. H..;\.LE. The Senator knows that in filling up the Demo next two years. It is a divided responsibility. With an over cratic minority of that committee if his side had put on two what whelming majority of the Republican party elsewhere, a gentle we call sound-money men, antifree-silver men, then the sound· man who was elected a£ a Dem.ocrat in the Executive branch, and money or antifree-silver men would have had n. majority of the this Chamber in the condition in which it was, partiotic action committee, and when they declined to do that, declined to put on one suggested at the last session that we would meet it here by coopera sound-money man, the whole control of the committee went to the tion on both sides. But the desire for power, the anxiety to con silver men. trol committees and keep the legislation in their hands, have made Mr. GORMAN. Thatwasnotthepoint. Idonotcareanything . the Republicans take a step which possibly will not give them the about the individual views of the members of the committee. power of legislation, but they have taken the responsibility. Meet Mr. TELLER. Will the Senator yield to me a moment? it. Meet it as we did in the last Congress, when we had but a Mr. GORMAN. With pleasure. single vote in the majority. Meet it, and take the responsibility. Mr. TELLER. In reply to the Senator's suggestion relative to Mr. HOAR. May I ask the Senator from Maryland a question? the Democrats selecting for the Finance Committee sound-money Mr. GORMAN. Certainly. men, or what I would call "unsound-money'' men, I want to say Mr. HOAR. I should like to ask the Senator from Maryland, for a number of us here that there would have been no reorgani because these are generalities and not practical matters, if he will zation of the committees if that had been done. suggest a single measure or doctrine or principle which to-day it Mr. GORMAN. That is true, and that is the full explanation. is within the power of the Republicans in this body to pass with That is precisely what the country ought to know. That is the out the aid of Democratic votes? reason why the distinguished Senator from Nebraska sat quietly Mr. GORMAN. That is true. in his seat. It is a mistake, in my judgment, that you have made Mr. HOAR. There is none. on the other side of the Chamber, but you have made it; the at Mr. GORMAN.· I admit it. But the Senator from Massachu tention of the country has been called to it by this debate, and you setts knows as well as I do that when you take possession of every ought to stand up and take the full responsibility, for it is yours; great committee of the body, putting Democrats in the minority it is not any longer ours. on every single committee where legislation originates save one, Before I take my seat I want to say that, while I think, in the you-a minority, as you claim, in this body-have placed your interest of this body, the reorganization is an error of judgment, selves in a position to frame legislation, to stop legislation. I think, in the interests of the country, you ought to have subor It is the responsibility of the majoritywhichyou have assumed. dinated your desire for control until you had a fair majority, for If you had carried out the idea that WM suggested by the resolu there are pending a number of important questions which affect tion passed at the last session of Congress, organizing the com not only the business interests within our own bounds, but inter· mittees under this condition of affairs by more liberal concessions ests as far-reaching as the bounds of ~world. I trust that from to both sides of the Chamber, bringing tog 430 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 31,_ ' Lieut. Frederic Singer, to be a lieutenant-commander in the Edward Arnold, to be postmaster at Decatur, in ·the county of Navy, from the 1st of September, 1895, vice Lieut. Commander Van Buren and State of l\fichigan. Abraham B. H. Lillie, promoted. Peter Brady, to be postmaster at Bellevue, in the county of Lieut. (Junior Grade) Charles Harlow, to be a lieutenant in the Huron and State of Ohio. Navy, from the 1st of SepteJ;llber, 1895, vice Lieut. Frederic Singer, Mary J. Huntington, to be postmaster at Delta, in the county of promoted. Fulton and State of Ohio. Lieut. (Junior Grade) William A. Gill, to be a lieutenantin the JohnS. Ellen, to be postmaster at Willoughby, in the county of Navy, from the 4th of October, 1895 (subject to the examinations Lake and State of Ohio. . required by law), vice Lieut. Charles F. Norton, retired. William Keough, to be postmaster at Jonesville, in the county Lieut. (Jtmior Grade) Thomas W. Ryan, to be a lieutenant in of Hillsdale and State of Michigan. the Navy, from the 12th of October, 1895 (subject to the examina Willis M. Dent, to be postmaster at Montgomery, in the county tions required by law), vice Lieut. Randolph H. Miner, resigned. of Fayette and State of West-Virginia: Lieut. (Junior Grade) Charles S. Ripley, to be a lieutenant in A. Hewett Hill, to be postmaster at Eustis, in the county of Lake the Navy, from the 5th of November, 1895, vice Lieut. Downs L. and State of Florida. Wilson, retired. Josiah B. Willis, to be postmaster at Richmond, in the county Lieut. (Junior Grade) Walter J. Sears, to be a lieutenant in of Madison and State of Kentucky. the Navy, from the 5th of November, 1895 (subject to the exam Griffith B. Thomas, to be postmaster at Point Pleasant, in the inations required by law), vice Lieut. Nicholas J. L. T. Halpine, county of Mason and State of West Virginia. retired. Lloyd Reed, to be postmaster at Clarksburg, in the county of Ensign Wilford B. Hoggatt, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in Harrison and State of West Virginia. the Navy, from the 21st of May, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior Grade) James H. Edwards, to be postmaster at Weston, in the county Le Roy M. Garrett, promoted. of Lewis and State of West Virginia. Ensign Albert M. Beecher, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in Peter F. Clark, to be postmaster at Aberdeen, in the county of the Navy, from the 7th of June, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior Grade) Chehalis and State of Washington. Charles C. Marsh, promoted. Charles Reed, to be postmaster at Menasha, in the county of Ensign Frank K. Hill, to be a lieutenant (junior grade)-in the Winnebago and State of Wisconsin. Navy, from the 15th of J nne, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior Grade) John · Michael J. McNamara, to be postmaster at Cudahy, in the county B. Blish, promoted. · · of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin. Ensign Roger Welles, jr., to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in Rufus E. Bean, to be postmaster at Franklin, in the county of the Navy, from the 1st of August, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior Grade) Merrimack and State of New Hampshire. Charles W. Jungen, promoted. John Richardson, to be postmaster at Hoquiam, in the county Ensign John D. McDonald, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in of Chehalis and' State of Washington. the Navy, from the 1st of September, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior Gilbert S. Meem, to be postmaster at Seattle, in the county of Grade) Charles H. Harlow, promoted. King and State of Washington. Ensign Walter 0. Hulme, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in E~fr~e A. Ayers, to be postmaster at Swanton, in the county of the Navy, from the 4th of October, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior Fra 1· and State of Vermont. Grade) William A. Gill, promoted. Willis F. Hardy, to be postmaster at Ashland, in the county of Ensign Henry E. Parmenter, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) Grafton and State of New Hampshire. in the Navy, from the 12th of October, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior John O'Loughlin, to be postmaster at Laconia, in the county of Grade) Thomas W. Ryan, promoted. Belknap and State of New Hampshire. Ensign Hilary P. Jones, jr., to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in Daniel C. Spaulding, to be postmaster at Morrisville, in the theNavy, from the 16th of October, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior Grade) county of Lamoille and State of Vermont. James C. Drake, resigned. Oscar McGregor, to be postmaster at Richford, in the county of Ensign William R. Shoemaker, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) Franklin and State of Vermont. in the Navy, from the 29th of October, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior Charles N. Brady, to be postmaster at Newport, in the county of Grade) Joseph Beale, resigned. Orleans and State of Vermont. Ensign Isaac K. Seymour, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy, from the 5th of November, 1895 (subject to the exami nations required by law), vice Lieut. (Junior Grade) Charles S. Ripley, promoted. SENATE. Ensign Charles M. Fahs, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy, from the 5th of November, 1895 (subject to the examina TUESDAY, December 31, 1895. tions required bylaw), vice Lieut. (Junior Grade) WalterJ.Sears; Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. promoted. The Journal of yesterday's -proceedings was read and approved. Ensign Charles P. Plunkett, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy, from the 5th of November, 1895, vice Lieut. (Junior MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. Grade) Houston Eldredge, retired. A message from the House· of Representatives, by Mr. W. j, BROWNL.~G, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed CONFIRMATIONS. a joint resolution (H. Res. 60) concerning the completion of the United States court-house and post-office building at Mankato, Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate December 30, 1895. Minn.; in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. CHIEF OF CONSULAR BUREAU. The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had signed the enrolled joint resolution (S. R. 32) authorizing and RobertS. Chilton, jr., of the District of Columbia, to be chief directing the acceptance of the ram Katahdin, thereby making of the consular bureau of the Department of State of the United said ram a part of the United States Navy; and it was thereupon States. signed by the Vice-President. ASSISTANT APPRAISER OF MERCHANDISE. Thomas H. Craven, of New York, to be assistant appraiser of PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. merchandise in the district of New York, in the State of New The· VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate sundry petitions York. of citizens of Monroe County, Pa., praying for the passa~e of the POSTMASTE.RS. so-called Stone immigration bill; which was referred to the Com Felix C. Bennett, to be postmaster at. Monroe, in the county of mittee on Immigration. Green and State of Wisconsin. Mr. PEFFER presented the memorial of John H. Stevenson and John F. Anderson, to be postmaster at Lockhart, in the county sundry other citizens of Pittsburg, Pa., remonstrating against of Caldwell' and State of Texas. the issuance of interest-bearing bonds, and praying for the free A. B. M. Thompson, to be postmaster at Webster Grqves, in the and full coinage of gold and silver; which was referred to the county of St. Louis and State of Missouri. Committee on Finance. David A. Frayser, to be postmaster at Vinita, in the county of Mr. ALLEN presented a petition, in the na~e of resolutions Cherokee Nation, Ind. T. adopted by the American Protective Association of Nebraska, in Gideon A. Hendrick, to be postmaster at Stanton, in the county State council assembled, praying that the Government acknowl of Montcalm and State of Michigan. edge the people of Cuba as belligerents and have them accorded Edward F. Rakow, to be postmaster at Burlington, in the county the privileges known in diplomatic circles as belligerent rights; of Racine and State of Wisconsin. which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Hugh J. Mulholland, to be postmaster at South Kaukauna, in Mr. PETTIGREW. I present petitions of 280 citizens of South the county of Outagamie and State of Wisconsin. . Dakota. The petitioners ask to be allowed to enter the Sioux In Frank P. Bogardus, to be postmaster at Ypsilanti, in the county dian Reservation in that State under the homestead law, without of Washtenaw and State of Michigan.- paying the purchase price of $1.25 per acre, as now required by