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Land Company Technology Overview

Technology Overview

1 LLCLLC databasedatabase

TECHNOLOGY LEGEND

1. LLC/PROPRIETARY/PATENTED

2. IN-SOURCED TECHNOLOGY

3. LLC LED OPERATIONS 2 LLCLLC databasedatabase

3 IN- SOURCED TECH Remote sensing

Remote sensing imagery from satellite and helps us to plan plot layouts Landsat 8 - US and track project performance in remote, large-scale planting locations.

• Weather data compiled with decades of historical data and access to forecast models • Hydrological data including , evapotranspiration, and moisture LLC uses • Boundary mapping, field uniformity • Map creation, digital surface models. Contour lines and elevation profiles • GPS – inputs for automated planting, guided drilling & tracking

Possible Partners / Suppliers

4 LLC- LED OPERATIONS Ground observations

Analysing the soil is an essential part of our pre-planting operations and determines species selection and plot layout.

• LLC site assessment form - data entry • Basic soil data, which includes soil texture over depth, chemical composition (nutrients, salinity), organic matter LLC uses • Topography & hydrology • • Below ground (micro) organisms • Above ground insects, grazers

5 LLC- LED OPERATIONS Local knowledge

Land Life has planted > 200,000 trees with local partners in 25 , aggregating local methods and building up best practices of land restoration approaches.

• Maximizing , optimizing plot layout • Soil and techniques (e.g. contour trenching, keyline catchment, bunds, micro-catchments, erosion control etc.) LLC uses • (a)biotic stress assessment and protection techniques (e.g. fencing, bio-repellants) • Planting parameters (species, initial size, density, planting windows) • Tree species (indigenous vs. invasive species)

6 LLC- LED OPERATIONS Scientific research

Scientific literature is reviewed and experts are consulted to determine best afforestation practices for dryland nature restoration. Additionally, co-research with further improves the impact of tree plantations in various agro-ecological zones.

• , soil and tree databases • Soil and water conservation techniques • Tree selection (i.e. resilience to (a)biotic stresses, productivity) • Tree propagation and planting techniques LLC uses • Ecosystems services • Biomass and carbon sequestration data models • Tree planting strategies w/ various agro-ecological and socio-economic conditions

Possible Partners / Suppliers

7 LLC- LED OPERATIONS Baseline study – Matamorisca, Spain

Drone based site assessment captures data to measure evolution of organic carbon and texture in soil, cover and to identify obstructions e.g. power cables.

Composite soil samples Matamorisca CDM protocol, soil augering Soil bulk density for total organic carbon analysis NB3

ND2

NF1

SE2 SF2

SA4

100 m Grass land Grass land & heather

8 LLCLLC databasedatabase

9 PROPRIETARY LLC TECH

Cocoon planting technology

The patented Cocoon planting technology allows trees to grow and survive in arid and degraded using only 7 gallons of water. Survival rates increase from 0-15% to 75-95%, bringing down overall costs per survived tree and drastically reducing water use.

• Proprietary (and patented) modularized o 100% biodegradable automated production o Protects against wind, sun, small animals, Current Cocoon manufacturing status • 2 locations (Mexico/EU) weeds • Reaching a production capacity of 1 million o Independent healthy trees Cocoons per year o 75-95% survival rate

10 PROPRIETARY LLC TECH LLC- LED OPERATIONS

Mechanized planting – scalable solutions

Automated planting Our overall objective is to in dryland at scale (> 5000 ha) over a short period of time to drive impactful large scale nature restoration. Speeding up the GPS guided drilling & tracking planting process through automation is key to achieving this goal. Fencing

Automated planting machine the “FastCocoon” is currently under development and will increase speed and accuracy of planting while driving down costs.

11 LLC- LED OPERATIONS

Example land preparation and plot design

Cocoon plot II – barrier Valley trees and shrubs Cocoon plot I (non-Cocoon)

Bunds – Cocoon and Keyline – Cocoon planting and Fencing controls erosion control

12 LLCLLC databasedatabase

13 PROPRIETARY LLC TECH Ground observations

Periodical monitoring reflects tree establishment and growth using an off-line, QR-based rapid assessment of tree and Cocoon performance in field, synchronizing data with the Land Life database. Information captured includes species, tree size, vigor, planting season, soil conditions and slope orientation.

tree off-line ID grid tree ID Tree sp:‘propopis juliflora’ tree tree ID ID

tree ID

10 m

tree ID on-line map + -

14 IN- SOURCED TECH Ground-based sensors

2 key events 4 12/02/17 19/03/17 COCOON Probe 8 (60cm – next to Cocoon) 3 COCOON Probe 9 (60cm Cocoon) 2

1

0

• Local weather stations • In-field soil moisture measurements • Soil and climate data provide insights on tree water balance, as influenced by tree water withdrawal versus LLC uses replenishment by rainfall and/or groundwater, (temporary) drought stress • Tree growth modelling based on sensor data and tree performance is subsequently used for risk assessment and expected production potential in various agro-ecological zones

Possible Partners / Suppliers

15 LLCLLC databasedatabase

16 PROPRIETARY LLC TECH Proprietary database capabilities are continuously developed

• Systematic collection of monitoring data of all LLC plantings • Identification of trends to improve planting methods • App-based ground monitoring system Current data base • Off-line, QR-based rapid assessment of tree and cocoon performance in field, synchronizing with data base capabilities • GPS-lock per individual tree, for easy analysis impact environmental conditions • Automated integration of climate, soil and remote sensing Normalized Difference Vegetation Impact (NDVI) – tracking of 2 growth data Cocoon plots on a lignite mine in Greece.

• Tools to assist in decision making for new plantings • Satellite and UAV / drone remote sensing data Future capabilities • Ground-based monitoring data integration • Unique and comprehensive dryland restoration database relating tree performance with environmental factors The TreeTool Database tracks and correlates all tree species per geo-climatic zone 17