Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples Plan

Document Stage: Final Project No. 43281-013 November 2020

NEP: Tanahu Hydropower Project – 220 KV Transmission Line Component

Prepared by Tanahu Hydropower Limited of the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank.

This Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples Plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 A. BACKGROUND ...... 1 B. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF NEPAL AND THE PROJECT AREA ...... 2 B.1 Indigenous Peoples of Nepal ...... 2 B.2 Indigenous Peoples of the Project Area ...... 3 C. VULNERABLE COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF NEPAL ...... 3 D. PROJECT FEATURES ...... 3 CHAPTER II: SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 7 A. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION ...... 7 B. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 7 B.1 Permanent Loss of Land ...... 7 B.2 Landuse Restriction ...... 7 B.3 Acquisition of House and Cowshed ...... 8 B.4 Reduction in Agricultural Production ...... 9 B.5 Loss of Private Trees ...... 9 B.6 Loss of Standing Crops ...... 10 B.7 Impact on Community Facility, Services and Resources ...... 10 CHAPTER III: SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION AND PROFILE ...... 11 A. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 11 A.1 Criteria for Defining Vulnerable Groups and Indigenous Peoples ...... 11 A.2 Criteria for Defining Project Affected and Vulnerable Households ...... 12 A.3 Identification of Stakeholders ...... 12 A.4 Definitions ...... 12 A.5 Field work ...... 13 B. SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF MUNICIPALITIES AND THE PROJECT AREA ...... 13 B.1 Project Municipalities ...... 13 B.1.1 Household and Population ...... 13 B.1.2 Literacy ...... 14 B.1.3 Ownership of House/Housing Units...... 14 B.1.4 Drinking Water and Sanitation ...... 15 B.1.5 Energy Use ...... 15 B.2 Project Area ...... 16 B.2.1 Population and HHs of the Project Area ...... 16 B.2.2 Livelihood ...... 16 B.2.3 Agriculture ...... 16 B.2.4 Drinking Water ...... 17 B.2.5 Health ...... 17 B.2.6 Education ...... 17 B.2.7 Infrastructure ...... 17 B.2.8 Gender ...... 17 B.3 Socioeconomic Status of the Project Affected Households ...... 18 B.3.1 Demographic Characteristics ...... 18 B.3.1.1 Population and Households ...... 18 B.3.1.2 Family Structure ...... 18 B.3.1.3 Broad Age Structure of the Population ...... 19 B.3.1.4 Marital Status ...... 19 B.3.1.5 Literacy Status and Educational Attainments ...... 19 B.3.1.6 Caste and Ethnic Composition...... 20 B.3.1.7 Migration ...... 20 B.3.1.8 Language and Religion ...... 21 B.3.2 Economic Characteristics ...... 21 B.3.2.1 Occupation...... 21 B.3.2.2 Ownership of House and Valuable Household Assets ...... 21 B.3.2.3 Food Security...... 22 B.3.2.4 Family Debt...... 23 B.3.2.5 Income and Expenditure ...... 24 B.3.3 Energy Sources ...... 25

ii Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Table of Contents B.3.3.1 Cooking Energy ...... 25 B.3.3.2 Lighting Energy ...... 26 B.3.4 Agriculture ...... 26 B.3.4.1 Landholding ...... 26 B.3.4.2 Crop Production ...... 27 B.3.4.3 Horticulture ...... 28 B.3.4.4 Livestock ...... 28 B.3.5 Drinking Water, Sanitation and Health ...... 28 B.3.5.1 Drinking Water ...... 28 B.3.5.2 Sanitation ...... 29 B.3.5.3 Health ...... 30 B.3.6 Knowledge and Attitude of the Affected HHs Regarding the Project ...... 31 B.3.7 Compensation ...... 31 B.3.8 Relocation ...... 32 B.3.9 Major Problems of the Households ...... 33 CHAPTER IV: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 34 A. GENERAL ...... 34 B. PROCEDURE OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 34 C. KEY ISSUES/CONCERNS RAISED DURING STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ...... 35 D. CONTINUATION OF CONSULTATION PROCESS ...... 36 CHAPTER V: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 37 CHAPTER VI: LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 38 A. GENERAL ...... 38 B. CONSTITUTION, PLAN AND POLICIES ...... 38 B.1 Constitution of Nepal ...... 38 B.2 Five Year Plan (FY 2076/77-2080/81) ...... 38 B.3 Land Acquisition, R& R Policy for Infrastructure Development Projects, 2071 BS (2015AD)...... 38 B.4 National Land Policy, 2075 BS (2019 AD) ...... 39 B.5 National Forest Policy, 2075BS (2019 AD) ...... 39 B.6 National Environment Policy 2076 (2019AD) ...... 39 C. NEPAL RELEVANTS ACTS ...... 39 C.1 Land Acquisition Act, 2034 BS (1977 AD) ...... 39 C.2 Land Reform Act, 2021 BS (1964 AD) ...... 40 C.3 Land Revenue Act 2034 (1977 AD) ...... 40 C.4 National Foundation for Upliftment of Aadibasi/Janjati Act, 2058 BS (2002 AD) ...... 40 C.5 Electricity Regulations, 1992 ...... 41 C.6 Forest Act, 2076 BS (2019 AD) ...... 41 C.7 Environment Protection Act, 2076 BS (2019 AD) ...... 41 C.8 Labor Act, 2074 BS (2017AD) ...... 41 C.9 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 BS (2000 AD) ...... 41 C.10 Solid Waste Management Act 2068 BS (2011) ...... 41 C.11 Local Government Operation Act 2074 BS (2017AD) ...... 42 C.12 Social Security Act, 2075 BS (2018 AD) ...... 42 C.13 National Civil (Code) Act, 2074 BS (2017 AD) ...... 42 C.14 Right to Information Act 2064 BS, (2007 AD) ...... 42 D. REGULATIONS ...... 42 D.1 Environment Protection Regulations, 2077 BS (2020 AD) ...... 42 D.2 Labor Regulations 2075 BS (2018 AD) ...... 42 D.3 Solid Waste Management Regulations 2070 BS (2013 AD) ...... 43 D.4 Forest Regulations, 2051 BS (1995 AD) ...... 43 E. ADB SAFEGUARD POLICY STATEMENT, 2009 (SPS) AND JICA GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS, 2010 ...... 43 E.1 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) ...... 43 E.2 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010 ...... 44 F. GAP ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIAL MEASURES ...... 45

CHAPTERVII: ENTITLEMENTS, ASSISTANCE AND BENIFITS ...... 46 A. GENERAL ...... 46 B. ELIGIBILITY, CUT-OFF-DATE AND ENTITLEMENTS ...... 46

iii Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Table of Contents B.1 Compensation Determination Committees (CDC) ...... 46 B.2 Valuation of Land and Compensation ...... 46 B.3 Assistance to Different Categories of Households Losing Land ...... 47 B.4 Assistance to Households Losing House and Cowshed ...... 47 B.5 Compensation for loss of Private Trees ...... 48 B.6 Mitigation Measures for the Vulnerable HHs ...... 48 C. ENTITLEMENT MATRIX ...... 48 D. COMMUNITY SUPPORT AND AWARENESS PROGRAMS ...... 57 D.1 Support for Drinking Water System Improvement ...... 57 D.2 Support for Health Posts ...... 57 D.3 Income Generation Training for Vulnerable Groups...... 57 D.4 Support to Basic Schools ...... 57 D.5 Social Awareness Program ...... 57 D.6 Health and Sanitation Awareness Training ...... 57 D.7 Support for Rural Electrification ...... 58 CHAPTER VIII: RELOCATION AND INCOME RESTORATION ...... 59 A. RELOCATION ...... 59 B. INCOME RESTORATION ...... 59 B.1 Assistance to Different Categories of Households Losing Land ...... 59 B.2 Assistance to Households Losing House and Cowshed ...... 59 B.3 Compensation for Loss of Private Trees ...... 59 B.4 Compensation for Loss of Agricultural Production ...... 60 B.5 Support for Vulnerable Households...... 60 CHAPTER IX: RESETTLEMENT BUDGETING AND FINANCING PLAN ...... 61 A. MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT COST ...... 61 CHAPTER X: INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENT ...... 62 A. GENERAL ...... 62 B. KEY ACTORS, FUNCTIONS AND ROLES...... 62 C. ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK ...... 63 C.1 Central Level Arrangement ...... 64 C.2 Project Level Arrangement ...... 64 D TRAINING FOR CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 65 CHAPTER XI: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 66 CHAPTER XII: MONITORING AND REPORTING ...... 68 A. GENERAL ...... 68 B. MONITORING ...... 68 B.1 Internal Monitoring and Reporting ...... 68 B.2 External Monitoring ...... 68 C. MONITORING PARAMETER, METHOD SCHEDULE AND LOCATION ...... 68 D. REPORTING ...... 71 D.1 Construction Phase Report ...... 71 D.2 Operation and Maintenance Phase Report ...... 71 E. IMPACT EVALUATION ...... 71

iv Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Affected Landowners in the TL Corridor as per the Route Alignment Survey ...... 1 Table 2: Categorization of Indigenous Aadibasi/Janjati Peoples of Nepal ...... 3 Table 3: Salient Features of the Transmission Line Project ...... 4 Table 4: Loss of Land from Total Landholding ...... 8 Table 5: Distribution of HHs Losing Land from Total Landholding by Caste/Ethnicity...... 8 Table 6: Distribution of Land Loss Farm Size and Sex of Household Head ...... 8 Table 7: Distribution of Households Losing Structures ...... 9 Table 8: Type of Affected Houses/Cowshed ...... 9 Table 9: Area of Affected Houses/Structures ...... 9 Table 10: Loss of Private Trees ...... 9 Table 11: Sample Distribution ...... 11 Table 12: Population and Households of the Municipalities/Rural Municipalities ...... 13 Table 13: Total Area and Population of the Municipalities/Rural Municipalities ...... 13 Table 14: Population by Broader Age Category by Municipalities/Rural Municipalities...... 14 Table 15: Population Aged 5 years and above by Sex and Literacy Status ...... 14 Table 16: Households by Ownership of House/Housing Unit in Use ...... 14 Table 17: Households by Roof of House/Housing Unit ...... 15 Table 18: Households by Source of Drinking Water in the Project Municipalities ...... 15 Table 19: Households with Type of Toilet ...... 15 Table 20: Type of Fuel Used by Households for Cooking in the Project Municipalities...... 15 Table 21: Source of Lighting for Households of the Project Area ...... 16 Table 22: Population and Households in the Project Area by Municipality and Ward ...... 16 Table 23: Distribution of Project Affected Households ...... 18 Table 24: Population Distribution of the Surveyed HHs ...... 18 Table 25: Project Affected Households by Family Structure ...... 19 Table 26: Distribution of Surveyed Population by Broad Age Groups ...... 19 Table 27: Distribution of Population by Marital Status ...... 19 Table 28: Literacy Status (6 years and Above Population) ...... 19 Table 29: Educational Attainment among the Literate Population ...... 20 Table 30: Caste/Ethnicity of the Surveyed HHs ...... 20 Table 31: Project Affected Households by Residency Status ...... 20 Table 32: Absentee Population during Survey ...... 21 Table 33: Absentee Population with Outside Living Place ...... 21 Table 34: Occupational Composition of Surveyed Population (14 Years and Above)...... 21 Table 35: Distribution of Houses by Type of House ...... 22 Table 36: Percent of Household having Household Assets ...... 22 Table 37: Food Sufficiency of the Surveyed Households by Own Production ...... 22 Table 38: Food Deficiency of the Surveyed Households ...... 23 Table 39: Strategy of the Surveyed Households to Cope the Food Deficiency ...... 23

v Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Table of Contents Table 40: Debt Status of the Surveyed Households ...... 23 Table 41: Reason for Taking Loan by the Surveyed Households...... 24 Table 42: Average Annual Income of Surveyed Households ...... 24 Table 43: Average Annual Household Income by Income Source ...... 24 Table 44: Average Annual Expenditure of the Surveyed Households ...... 25 Table 45: Required Monthly Income to Meet Family’s Basic Requirements ...... 25 Table 46: Source of Energy of the Surveyed Households for Cooking ...... 25 Table 47: Source of Fuel Wood of the Surveyed Households ...... 26 Table 48: Landholdings of the Surveyed Households by Type of Land ...... 26 Table 49: Distribution of Households by Landholding Size ...... 27 Table 50: Landholding by Sex of Household Head ...... 27 Table 51: Landholding by Caste/Ethnicity of the Affected Households ...... 27 Table 52: Major Crop Area Coverage, Production and Yield ...... 28 Table 53: Percent of Households having Livestock ...... 28 Table 54: Livestock Population by Type ...... 28 Table 55: Source of Drinking Water of the Surveyed Households...... 28 Table 56: Fulfillment of Drinking Water Demand from Existing Sources ...... 29 Table 57: Quality of Drinking Water of the Existing Sources ...... 29 Table 58: Methods of Solid Waste Disposal Practice ...... 30 Table 59: Methods of Liquid Waste Disposal ...... 30 Table 60: Household Reporting Seriously Sick Family Members within One Year ...... 30 Table 61: Reported Major Diseases by the Households ...... 30 Table 62: Knowledge about the Transmission Line Project ...... 31 Table 63: Opinion towards the Project ...... 31 Table 64: Expectation from the Project ...... 31 Table 65: Expected Type of Compensation by the Surveyed Households ...... 32 Table 66: Use of Cash Compensation by the Surveyed Households ...... 32 Table 67: Households Willingness for Relocation ...... 32 Table 68: Reason for Not Willing Relocation ...... 32 Table 69: Major Problems Stated by Surveyed Households ...... 33 Table 70: Total Number of PRA and FGD Participants ...... 34 Table 71: Summery of Key Issues and Concerns ...... 35 Table 72: Entitlement Matrix...... 49 Table 73: Estimated Cost for Mitigation Measures ...... 61 Table 74: Key actors, functions and roles ...... 62 Table 75: Proposed Training Module and Tentative Budget ...... 65 Table 76: Implementation Schedule of RIPP ...... 67 Table 77: Monitoring parameters, method, schedule and location ...... 69

vi Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Table of Contents

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex I: APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

ANNEX II: STUDY TOOLS

ANNEX III: DETAILS OF PRA AND FGD PARTICIPANTS

ANNEX IV: ISSUES AND CONCERNS OF STAKEHOLDERS

ANNEX V: DETAILS OF SURVEYED HHS, LANDOWNERS AND LANDHOLDING BY LAND TYPE

ANNEX VI: LANDHOLDING AND LAND LOSS OF THE SURVEYED HHS

ANNEX VII: SELECTED PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PROJECT AREA

vii Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Abbreviations and Acronyms

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AD Anno Domini ADB Asian Development Bank BS Bikram Sambat CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CBO Community Based Organization CDC Compensation Determination Committee CDO Chief District Officer CFUG Community Forestry User Group DCC District Coordination Committee DFO Division Forest Office DIZ Direct Impact Zone EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMF Electromagnetic Fields EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment Protection Rules ESMU Environmental and Social Management Unit FGD Focus Group Discussion GoN Government of Nepal GRC Grievance Redress Committee ha Hectare HH Household HP Health-post HEP Hydro Electric Project IEE Initial Environmental Examination IIZ Indirect Impact Zone IP Indigenous People IR Involuntary Resettlement JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KII Key Informant Interview km Kilometer kV Kilovolt LARU Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Unit LCF Local Consultative Forum MW Mega Watt NEFIN Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities NEA Nepal Electricity Authority NRs Nepalese Rupee NGO Non-Governmental Organization

i Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Abbreviations and Acronyms PAF Project Affected Family PAP Project Affected Person PS Performance Standards PRA Participatory Rapid Appraisal R & R Resettlement and Rehabilitation RIIP Resettlement and Ingenious Peoples Plan RM Rural Municipality RP Resettlement Plan NRs Nepalese Rupees RoW Right-of-Way SPS ADB Safeguard Policy Statement THL Tanahu Hydropower Limited THP Tanahu Hydropower Project TL Transmission Line TLP Transmission Line Project

ii Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. Introduction and Project Description A. Background 1. Tanahu Hydropower Limited (THL) is a subsidiary company of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) established in 2012 to develop Tanahu Hydropower Project (THP) with installed capacity of 140MW (502 GWh annual energy generations). THP site is located 150 km West of Kathmandu on Seti River near Damauli, the district headquarters of Tanahu district in Gandaki Province of Nepal. The project area is accessible through regular public transportation services from Kathmandu, Pokhara and Bharatpur. 2. To evacuate generated power of THP, 36.435 km 200 kV transmission line will be constructed from the powerhouse to new Bharatpur Sub-station of NEA located at Aaptari (Ramnagar), ward no. 1 of Bharatpur Metropolitan City. Altogether seven wards of Vyas Municipality, Bandipur RM, Aanbookhaireni RM and Devghat RM of Tanahu district, and Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan district will be directly affected by the TLP. 3. As per the SIEE Report, 2017, 34.7031 ha agricultural land including 0.2031 ha for tower foundation and 34.50 ha for RoW will be required for construction of the TLP. As per the Social Survey 2019, altogether 197 households (HHs)/land owners will be directly affected including 13 HH by permanent land acquisition and 184 HHs due to land use restriction on RoW. Of the affected HHs/land owners, 55.3% of Vyas Municipality, 28.4% of Bandipur RM, 6.6% of Aanbookhaireni RM, 5.1% of Devghat RM and 4.6% of Bharatpur Metropolitan City will be directly affected. However, as per the latest detailed and Cadastral Survey, it has been found that 1.5 ha of land will be permanently acquired and 21.2 ha of land will be required for ROW. There will be 40 numbers of tower in the private land and 67 HHs will be affected by permanent land acquisition, whereas 186 HHs will be affected due to land use restriction on RoW. In total 253 HHs will be affected. 4. This RIPP combines the requirements of ADB Safeguards Policy Statement 2009 (SPS) regarding Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards and Indigenous Peoples Safeguards for the TLP of THP. The main reason for combining the two social safeguard requirements is that the most (89.0%) of the households affected by the TLP are indigenous (Aadibasi/Janjati) households, and impacts are resettlement related, such as loss of land and other assets which will have adverse impacts on their livelihoods. 5. The affected indigenous (Aadibasi/Janjati) households have no significant social or economic characteristic that would distinguish them from other affected households, except in their ethnic identity and national identification. The TLP will have no impacts on cultural identity, survival and cultural resources, and their cultural territories or ancestral domains. The family types and the educational attainment among the affected indigenous households (Aadibasi/Janjati) and other affected households are similar and both will experience the same adverse and positive impacts and entitled to receive same compensation, mitigation and enhancement measures. 6. This RIPP has been prepared based on findings of the Social Survey (census survey of 136 HHs out of 253 total affected HHs/landowners), meaningful consultations with the stakeholders of the project area and field assessment conducted in 2019. THP has prepared the RIPP as per the requirements of ADB funded projects. B. Indigenous Peoples of Nepal and the Project Area B.1 Indigenous Peoples of Nepal 7. There are more than 103 different caste/ethnic groups with multi culture, language and religion in Nepal. Of them, 59 caste/ethnic groups are recognized as indigenous groups (Aadibasi/Janjati), with distinct cultures, languages and belief systems by the government in 2002. The indigenous groups (Aadibasi/Janjati) are scattered across mountain, hill and Tarai regions of the country and subsistence farming is main source of livelihood for most of the indigenous groups. Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) is the umbrella organization of the indigenous groups. NEFIN has categorized the 59 indigenous caste/ethnic groups into 5 broad categories based on their population and other socio-economic variables such as literacy, housing, land holdings, occupation, language and area of residence at present as a) Endangered Groups (10); b) Highly Marginalized Groups (12); c) Marginalized Groups (20); d) Disadvantaged Groups (15) and e) Advanced Groups (2). B.2 Indigenous Peoples of the Project Area 8. The main indigenous groups (peoples) found in the project area are Chepang, Darai, Bhujel, Magar, Gurung, Majhi, Tamang and Newar. Of the indigenous groups, Chepang and Majhi are highly marginalized, Tamang, Darai and Bhujel are marginalized, Gurung and Magar are disadvantaged and Newar is advanced as categorized by NEFIN. These groups are within the 59 classified indigenous Aadibasi/Janjati groups by the

i Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Executive Summary government. Although listed as indigenous groups, these groups have no distinct characteristics and almost all follows the similar social and cultural norms/tradition, commonly use Nepali language for communication and socially mixed up with other caste/ethnic groups of the project area. C. Vulnerable Community in the Context of Nepal 9. In the context of Nepal, vulnerable community means communities who are commonly landless and marginal farmers living below subsistence level. Moreover, these people have no or limited access to public resources and they almost never participate in national planning, policy, and no access in decision-making process or in development initiatives. As a result, their risk of falling below the poverty line is high. Formal and informal studies conducted in Nepal reveal that most of indigenous people (Aadibasi /Janjati) and Dalit fall under the category of vulnerable groups in Nepal. Women in all social groups and regions are more disadvantaged than their male counterparts and even among women, widows, separated and women headed households are particularly disadvantaged. D. Project Features 10. Total length of the 220 kV transmission line route alignment is 36.435 km of which 33.4 km will be double circuits and 3.035 km will be multi-circuits. Altogether 94 towers including 82 angle towers and 12 suspension towers will be constructed for power transmission. The Right-of-Way (RoW) is 30m with 15m on either side from the centerline. The TL traverse through 16 settlements and seven wards of Bandipur, Aanbookhaireni and Devghat Rural Municipalities and Vyas Municipality of Tanahu district, and Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan district. The TL will cross 3 major roads and 5 major rivers. II. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement A. Scope 11. Construction of the 220 kV Transmission Line requires permanent land acquisition for tower foundation, acquisition of private structure/assets (house, cowsheds, trees etc.) within RoW (30 m) of the transmission line (TL), imposing landuse restriction on land within RoW and considering other losses (production loss, crop loss, etc.) resulting from the construction of the TL are within the scope of land acquisition and resettlement. The project will require 22.7 ha private agriculture land of which 1.5 ha of private land will be acquired for permanently for tower foundation and 21.2 ha of private land will lie under RoW. 12. The scope of land acquisition and resettlement includes socio-economic analysis and entitlements of the affected households due to permanent acquisition of land and private property/assets (house, cowsheds, trees etc.), socio-economic analysis and entitlements of the affected households due to land use restriction on RoW land, and socio-economic analysis and entitlements of all other community facilities, services and resources that are affected by the project. B. Impact Assessment 13. Due attention has been given to minimize socioeconomic impacts of the project by avoiding settlements, agriculture land, residential plots, and community infrastructure and services during finalization of the route alignment of the transmission. Likely impacts due to the construction of TL are categorized as permanent and temporary. The permanent impacts are land acquisition for tower foundation, acquisition of private structures/assets within RoW, losses of agriculture production due to loss of agriculture land and landuse restriction on the land within RoW. The temporary impacts are loss of standing crops within RoW and tower foundation area. The “Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation in the Project Area of the 220 kV TL Project”, 2019 broadly covers the general impacts and identifies approximate loss regarding construction of the 220 kV TLP. The affected private assets include loss of land, 4 residential houses, 3 cowsheds, crops and standing trees. The loss will occur due to construction of the project in different locations of 7 wards of the project affected municipalities. The likely impacts of construction of the transmission line are summarized below: 1. Permanent loss of land: Loss of 1.5 ha agriculture land required for tower foundation. 2. Landuse restriction: Landuse restriction on 21.2 ha agriculture land within RoW. As per the social survey indigenous people and vulnerable will be more affected by the project. 3. Acquisition of Structures (house and cowshed): Acquisition of 4 houses (Kacchi) and 3 cowsheds owned by 5 households of indigenous peoples (Magar). The total area of affected houses is 980 square feet and the total area of cowsheds is 560 square feet. 4. Reduction in agricultural production: Annual production loss of 1.44MT food grains due to land acquisition for tower foundation. 5. Loss of private trees: Removal of 36 trees (orange, mango, fodder and timber). 6. Loss of standing crops: Cropped area adjoining the RoW could be disturbed due to movement of equipment, labor force and stringing of transmission line.

ii Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Executive Summary 7. Impact on community facility, services and resources: Community facility, services and resources are likely affected due to workforce and construction activities.

14. Construction of transmission line will impose temporary loss of standing crops and permanent loss of trees along the Right of Way (RoW), which will lead to temporary and permanent economic displacement. The affected displaced households will be entitled as per entitlement matrix and income restoration trainings will also be provided in order to restore their livelihoods. Efforts will be made to schedule the construction activities during the off-season cultivation period to minimize crop loss. Structures along RoW will be permanently impacted. Families who will lose houses (residential) will also undergo hardship related to physical displacement. However, project has offered sufficient incentives to minimize the hardships and improve their living standard. Compensation for losses will be paid in cash before the beginning of the construction activities. Details of structures along the RoW have been included in this RIPP as such impacts shall also be permanent in nature. III: Socioeconomic Information and Profile A. Approach and Methodology 15. The study team has adopted a participatory approach with maximum involvement of different stakeholders of the project at the local and district levels to collect required information for the RIPP. The approach and methodology adopted to collect required data/information includes but not limited to literature review, study area delineation, identification of stakeholders, socioeconomic census survey of affected households (136 HHs), 14 key informant interviews (KIIs), 14 participatory rapid appraisal (PRAs) 7 focus group discussions (FGDs) and market survey in 14 locations of the affected wards. Similarly, several informal meetings/discussions were conducted with elected representatives and officials of the municipalities/RMs, leaders of indigenous peoples, political party leaders, social workers and other stakeholders of the project area to collect required information as well as inform them about the TLP. 16. As an integral part of RIPP, the fieldwork for “Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation” was started from February 10, 2019 and completed on February 22, 2019. Similarly, a rapid assessment of the project area was conducted by experts for technical assessment/feasibility of requested/demanded programs/activities by the local people during the social survey and stakeholder consultation. B. Socioeconomic Profile of Municipalities and Project Area B.1 Project Municipalities 17. The TLP includes Vyas Municipality, Bandipur Rural Municipality, Aanbookhaireni Rural Municipality and Devghat Rural Municipality of Tanahu district and Bharatpur Metropolitan of Chitwan district. The total population of the project municipalities is 412,414 (47.24% male and 52.72% female) and average HH size of 4.1 persons. The average population density of the project municipalities is 385 persons higher than the national level of 180 persons. Of the population, 61.2% is economically active which is higher than the national level. Overall literacy rate for population aged 5 years and above is highest (79.92%) in Vyas Municipality and lowest (67.21) in Devghat Rural Municipality. The literacy rate in all municipalities is higher than overall national literacy rate (65.9%). Piped water is the main source of drinking water for 47.04% HHs of the project municipalities. The use of LPG as cooking energy is 46.3% in the project municipalities. It could be due to urbanization, accessibility and affordability of local people. The second largest source of cooking fuel is fuel wood (44.0%). Similarly, electricity is main source of lighting for almost all HHs (93.22%) of the project municipalities. B.2 Project Area 18. The project area includes 7 wards including two wards of Vyas Municipality, one ward of Bandipur, one ward of Aanbookhaireni and one ward of Devghat rural municipalities of Tanahu district and two wards of Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan district. The total population of the project area is 30,654 including 48.6% male and 51.4% female, and average family size is 4.5 persons. 19. Agriculture is one of the main sources of livelihood for most people of the project area. However, the agriculture production is not sufficient to fulfill annual food requirements of the local people due to subsistence nature of farming. Other sources of livelihood of the local people are animal husbandry, wage employment, foreign employment, remittance, salaried jobs, and petty business. This area is potential for tourism development due to accessibility, unique Magar culture and Newari culture (Bandipur) and viewpoints. This area is also potential for livestock development particularly for goat due to availability of grazing area and forest, and horticulture development (orange). Due to access to market, support for livestock and horticulture (orange, banana) development and small-scale irrigation system could help to promote economic status of local people of the area. 20. Piped water is the important source of drinking water for most HHs of the project area. However, the existing water sources are not sufficient to fulfill water demand of local people. The local people face shortage of iii Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Executive Summary drinking water for about 2-3 months during the dry season. Most drinking water schemes of the area are old and require intake improvement, replacement of old pipes, and source protection. Local people are expecting support for drinking water for their communities and schools. 21. The health and sanitation condition of the project area observed normal. There are health-posts in the project area and the area is accessible to hospitals located at Bharatpur, Damauli and Bandipur. Few private medical shops provide medicine and emergency medical services in the project area. As per the local people the major problems of local health-posts are lack of medicines, medical equipment and absence of health service providers. Local people demanded strengthening the health-posts by providing medicines and equipment. 22. There are primary, secondary and higher secondary schools in the project area. Poor physical infrastructure/facilities (building/class rooms, toilet, drinking water), educational and sport materials, drinking water, high dropout rate due to lack of awareness among parents are the major problems particularly of primary schools of the project area. Local people are expecting support for infrastructure development, scholarship and incentives for girls and awareness raising programs for increasing students in primary/basic schools. 23. Almost all the wards of the project area are accessible through seasonal public transportation service. The Damauli-Keshav Tar-Dharampani road is an important access road for local people of the project area. This road is playing an important role for socioeconomic development of the people of the area and establishing rural and urban linkage. This road has an important role for construction, monitoring and supervision of the TLP. Road improvement is one of the important felt needs of the local people of the project area. The local people are strongly demanding for upgrading/blacktopping the Damauli-Keshav Tar-Dharampani road for accessibility and overall development of the area. 24. Almost all HHs of the project area have access to electricity. However, far located settlements like Kafaldanda and Hilekharka have no electricity connection. Rural electrification and improvement in existing electricity supply system by replacing old transmission line poles are the felt needs of local people of the project area. B.3 Socioeconomic Status of the Project Affected Households 25. The total population of the surveyed HHs is 843 including 49.7% female. The average HH size is 6.2 and sex ratio is 101. The family size is highest (6.6) in Devghat and lowest (5.5) in Aanbookhaireni RM. Of the population, 62.6% is economically active (aged 15 to 59 yrs.). The literacy rate of the surveyed population is high in the project area (83.0%). 26. Altogether 8 different caste/ethnic groups are affected by the TLP. Magar (71.3%) is the highly affected caste/ethnic group in the project area. Of the affected caste/ethnic groups, 88.2% are indigenous peoples and 5.9.0% are Dalit. Nepali is the common language of communication in the project area. The other languages spoken by the local people of the area are Magar, Gurung and Newari. The project area is dominated by Hindu culture and religion. A few people of the area also follow Buddhism, Christianity and Islam religions. 27. Agriculture is the main occupation of the surveyed HHs (34.1%) followed by foreign employment (13.5%), salaried jobs, business and others. Ownership of house and valuable household assets are indicators of economic well-being. It is encouraging to note that 98.5% of the surveyed households have their own house where as 1.5% live in other’s house. Of the total households, 84.6% own Kacchi house and 15.4% own Pakki house. The average value of their house is estimated NRs. 685,000. Mobile phone, television and cabinet are the common household assets owned by the project affected households. A few households also own motorcycle/scooter, freeze /freezer. 28. The project area is food deficit area. Only 18.3% of the surveyed households could grow enough food for their annual consumption. The reason of food deficit is governed by topography, small holding, soil fertility and traditional methods of farming and shortage of labor. Of the surveyed households, 46.8% reported food shortage for 6-9 months and 24.3% reported shortage for more than 9 months. Regarding food strategy of the surveyed households, 34.2% relay on remittance to cope the food shortage. Similarly, 28.8% HHs depend on wage labor and 22.5% depend on salaried jobs (service) for fulfilling food requirements. 29. The main source of income of the surveyed households is off-farm (non-agricultural) activities (salaried jobs, wage labor, remittance and others). The average annual income of the surveyed HHs is NRs. 251,486. The contribution of non-agriculture sector is high (95.43%) in the total household income. The share of remittance is 36.08% to the total household income of the affected households. Similarly, the other important sources of income of the surveyed households are service (23.68%), wage employment (15.53%) and business/trade/petty business. The average annual expenditure of the surveyed HHs is NRs. 164,434. As usual, expenditure on food is the highest (46.5%) of HH income followed by education (21.5%) and clothing of the HHs. The other areas of expenditure of HH income are utilities, transportation, communication and regular medicines/treatments.

iv Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Executive Summary 30. Fuel wood and LPG are the main sources of energy for cooking for the affected households. Of the surveyed households, 64.7% use fuel wood and 35.4% use LPG as source of energy for cooking. All the surveyed households use electricity for lighting. 31. Land is a primary asset for livelihoods in the project area as in other rural parts of Nepal. The surveyed households own and operate 101.28 ha land. This land consists mainly of three types i.e. Khet (lowland-irrigated and un-irrigated), Bari/Pakho (upland) and Kharbari (Thatch land). The average land holding size of the affected HHs is 0.74 ha. Of the surveyed HHs, 63.24% are small land holders (farm size ranging from 0.5 ha to 2.0 ha) and 35.29% are marginal farmers having farm size up to 0.5 ha. Of the total land of the surveyed households, 71.74 ha land is owned by male headed households and 29.54 ha is owned by female headed households. The indigenous peoples own and operate 90.75% (92.0 ha) of the total land owned by the surveyed households. Similarly, Dalit (vulnerable group) own and operate 4.31% (4.37 ha) and other caste/ethnic groups own and operate 5.0 ha (4.94%) of the total land owned by the surveyed households. 32. Paddy, maize and millet are the main crops cultivated by the surveyed households. Other crops include potato and pulses. In terms of area coverage, maize is highest (31.7 ha) whereas in terms of production paddy is highest (63.5 MT) followed by maize, pulses, millet and potato. Livestock such as buffalo, cattle, goats/sheep and pigs are commonly reared by the surveyed households. Of the surveyed households, 80.8% have livestock. Similarly, keeping fowl is also common in the area. 33. The major sources of drinking water for the surveyed households are piped water and spring. Of the surveyed HHs, 50.7% are using public tap, 39 % are using private tap and 10.3% are using spring for drinking water. There is shortage of drinking water during dry season in the project area for 14.7% households. All the surveyed HHs have toilet at home and use it. 34. Of the surveyed households, 52.2% had knowledge about the TLP and 74.0% have positive opinion towards the project. Of the surveyed households, 61.0% expecting good compensation, 22.1% expecting employment and 16.9% expecting local development from the project. Similarly, 85.3% are willing to receive cash compensation. IV: Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation 35. The study has given emphasis on community participation, consultation and information dissemination throughout the preparation of this RIPP. PRA, FGD, KII, census survey and informal meeting/consultation with key stakeholders of the project area were the techniques used for stakeholder consultation and information dissemination. During the consultations, the participants were requested to express their views, concerns and issues regarding the project as well informed about the project and its activities. Information such as project purpose, project type, impact area, likely impacts and potential opportunities due to the project implementation were informed to the public during the consultations. 36. PRA and FGD were used as key techniques for stakeholder consultation. Altogether 14 PRAs and 7 FGD were conducted in the wards of the project area. Altogether 244 participants, including 44.7% female representing indigenous peoples, vulnerable groups and others had participated in the PRA and FGD. Of the participants, 78.3% were indigenous peoples representing highly marginalized (Chepang) to advanced (Newar) groups. The participants were purposively selected with the help of local stakeholders. Further, 14 KIIs were conducted with key persons of the project area representing Ward Chairpersons, Ward Members, businessmen, local leaders and government officials. Informal meeting/consultations were conducted with Mayors, Ward Chairperson, Ward Members, government officials and local leaders and social workers of the project area for project information dissemination and required information collection. A. Key Issues/Concerns Raised During Stakeholder Consultation 37. Almost all the people of the project area have positive attitude towards the project and assured extending full support and cooperation for its construction. During the stakeholder consultations, the public raised several issues and concerns. The key issues and concerns raised are related to compensation, livelihood, community support, environment and others. The issues and concerns raised by the public should be addressed through different mechanism and support system. Major areas of concerns of the stakeholders pertain to compensation, supports for their livelihood, proper information/communication, avoiding and minimizing as possible negative impacts and their participation at different stages of the project implementation. In addition, the stakeholders have demanded several community support programs as an enhancement measure to improve their livelihood and their socioeconomic status. It seems important for the project and public to sit together and come up with consensus regarding the areas of supports those they might be provided. Therefore, with due consideration of the issues and concerns of public of the project area, the project should be implemented as soon as possible.

v Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Executive Summary B. Continuation of Consultation Process 38. Regular public consultations and information dissemination to the public, is the best strategic approach for the project to get support and cooperation from public at different stages of project cycle i.e. design, implementation and post implementation as well as address public grievances. Therefore, the consultation process will be continued during the entire project period. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be established for continuation of the process. All the genuine issues/concerns raised by the local people will be collected and addressed accordingly by the project. In addition, monthly reporting in Nepali will ensure that the public and stakeholders are well informed regarding the project activities. It will help to avoid and minimize losses and enhanced participation of the people at different forums. The role of Project and GRC will be crucial to identify and listen issues raised by the people, address them properly in close and continued consultation process. Continued consultations with the public, therefore, seem to be the most strategic approach for the project to discuss and decide areas of supports. V: Grievance Redress Mechanism 39. Grievance redress mechanism will be established to allow project affected persons/households (PAPs/HHs) to appeal any disagreeable decisions, practices and activities arising from compensation for land and assets. The PAPs/HHs will be made fully aware of their rights and the procedures. There is the potentiality for two types of grievances: grievances related to land acquisition and resettlement requirements, and grievances related to compensation or entitlement. The PAPs/HHs will have access to lodge their grievances to the field level. If the issues are not agreed and solved at the field, the cases can be lodged to the ESMU and the respective R/Municipalities. If the issues are not still solved, the cases can be taken to the THL and CDC. Ultimately, every PAP/HH can appeal to the court, if they still feel that they are not compensated appropriately. They may appeal to appellate court within 35 days of the public notice given to them. 40. Grievance recording register will be maintained at Environmental and Social Monitoring Unit (ESMU) established at the project site. Project affected people as well as local people can lodge their complaints related to assets acquisition and construction activities at the field and ESMU office. Special project grievance mechanisms such as on site provision of complain hearings allows project affected persons/HHs and communities to interface and get fair treatment on time. The project authority will ensure that funds are delivered on time to CDC and the implementing partners for timely preparation and implementation of social activities, as applicable. The compensation issues and rehabilitation measures will be completed before the beginning of major construction works. The APs/HHs and community will be exempted from all administrative fees incurred, pursuant to the grievance redress procedures except for cases filed in court. VI: Legal Framework 41. The policy, legal framework, resettlement principles and entitlements in the RIPP are based on GoN policy, acts and regulations; ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS); and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010. The proponent will be responsible for fulfilling the legal requirement of GoN, the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) and JICA Guidelines while implementing the RIPP. The proponent will obey and follow if any other legal provisions besides those already mentioned are attracted due to various activities that will be undertaken as part of the project. A: Gap Assessment and Remedial Measures 42. The Land Acquisition Act 1977 is the fundamental legal framework for land acquisition, compensation determination and relocation of affected persons/HHs in Nepal. The Act has limited scope in resettlement and rehabilitation of the affected people. The Land Acquisition Act of Nepal does not meet some of the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) and JICA Guidelines regarding involuntary resettlement, indigenous people and vulnerable groups. The Land Acquisition Act does not specify any other resettlement and rehabilitation benefits except the compensation at the replacement value to the titleholders and it is also not well defined. There is no provision for compensation for non-title holders like squatters and encroachers. Similarly, there is no provision for compensation for land required for RoW. Current practice to use land under RoW is mainly based on personal negotiation. This Act is silent about the payment of compensation at prevailing market price, which creates conflicts and problems regarding payment of compensation and delays in project implementation. Due to the situation, there is urgent need to promulgate an act based on international norms and best practices to solve the problem of land acquisition and social welfare. VII: Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits 43. There are some adverse impacts of the project at household and community levels during its construction and operation phases that cannot avoided. The proponent as its prime responsibility will implement the proposed Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R & R) measures to minimize impacts of the project. The project will acquire permanently 1.5 ha private land, 4 houses and 3 cowsheds and impose land use restriction on 21.2 ha agriculture land within RoW. All the affected assets will be properly recorded and verified by the project and

vi Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Executive Summary delegated government and community representatives. Census and asset information will be maintained in a computerized database to manage and monitor the progress of RIPP implementation by the THP. 44. All PAFs/SPAFs (HHs) and affected peoples (APs) identified and recorded in the project-impact areas on the cut-off date will be entitled for different types of mitigation measures proposed in this RIPP. These include primarily cash compensation at replacement value for the affected assets, and combinations of rehabilitation measures that are sufficient to assist them to improve or at least restore the pre-project income/living standard and production. The entitlement matrix summarizes the main types of losses and the corresponding nature and scope of entitlements in accordance with GoN, ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010. Based on field survey (technical/social), the detailed losses of land and/or non-land assets (structures) have been used for determining actual impacts and replacement values of assets. This information will be used by the CDC for valuation of land and property as per the legal framework. A. Valuation of Assets and Compensation 45. Considering the limitations of the Land Acquisition Act, 2034 BS (1977 AD) improvements will be made to the principles of valuation in consultation with the respective local administrations, affected households and stakeholders. The compensation to be determined by the concerned CDC will be at replacement value. To ensure this, the CDC will take account of prevailing rates in the local market, transaction values and price information provided in the RIPP. All the required procedures will be completed prior to implementation of the project. Apart from the rate fixed by the CDC, percentage loss of land of the households will also be a basis for compensation as per degree of loses. The information of the land price collected during the Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation is the main basis for valuation of assets. The prevailing average land price has been considered for the estimation purpose. The estimated cost for compensation (100%) of permanent land (1.5 ha) is estimated to be NRs. 40,200,000 Similarly, the estimated cost for compensation (20%) for RoW (21.2 ha) land is NRs. 113,632,000. 46. The estimated amount will serve as good reference for the CDC to decide the compensation of affected land that will be acquired by the project. Considering the nature of the project, a single payment will be made to individual household for the entire compensation money to avoid administrative problem. Land for land compensation is not proposed in this project due to the small area of land to be permanently acquired from various affected families. It is also impractical and difficult to allocate similar piece of agricultural land in the vicinity of the project area. B. Entitlement Matrix 47. Through the acquisition of private and community assets, the TLP will affect property owners, their dependents and local community. The Entitlement Framework accordingly specifies compensation and/or rehabilitation measures for two units of entitlements i.e. individuals including affected individuals/households and the local community. 48. Apart from the compensation for acquired land, the other livelihood assistance will be provided to the households to increase the agriculture production, and for the loss of structures for reestablishment and improvement of livelihood. Similarly, the women headed and Dalit households losing land will be supported for reestablishment and improvement of livelihood. This assistance will include livestock/agriculture training and assistance for purchase of hybrid seed, small agriculture tools and goat/pig, poultry, technical training in the areas of mason, basic plumbing, house wiring, gas wilding, fabrication, driving, tailoring etc. as per their interest. Loss of private and community assets will be valued and compensated based on the entitlement matrix. 49. As common, the local people have several expectations from the project. During the stakeholder consultations, the local people of the area requested support for drinking water, infrastructure development of basic schools, rural electrification, road improvements (upgrading/black topping), income generation/skill development training and support (agriculture, livestock, vegetable farming), irrigation, medicine in health-posts etc. The project cannot address all the demand of the local people due to resource constraints. However, the project will support some of the requested community support/awareness programs to address the needs/demands of the community in coordination with the local people, concerned wards and municipalities. VIII: Relocation and Income Restoration A. Relocation 50. The project will acquire 1.5 ha private land permanently for tower foundation and 4 residential houses and 3 cowsheds (under RoW), and impose landuse restriction on 21.2 ha agriculture land under RoW. Therefore, the project has very small scale of impacts on land acquisition, and relocation of HHs is not required in the project.

vii Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Executive Summary B. Income Restoration 51. The project will provide full compensation with assistances entitled in the Entitlement Matrix and other income restoration trainings to the affected people. It is believed that the mitigation and enhancement measures proposed in the Entitlement Matrix will ensure to enhance or at least restore the livelihoods of the affected HHs in real terms, relative to pre-project levels. Similarly, the proposed community support programs will also help to improve the quality of life of the local people and socioeconomic environment of their community. Different types of assistance have been proposed targeting different category of the affected HHs and vulnerable groups for their income restoration. The proposed activities are based on magnitude of impacts and vulnerability. IX: Resettlement Budgeting and Financing Plan 52. The estimated cost of mitigation and enhancement measures for implementation of RIPP activities of the proposed 220 kV Transmission Line Project is NRs. 218,086,000 (US$ 1,839,612 @ 1US $= NRs. 118.55 as of 4 Dec 2020). X: Institutional Arrangement 53. Required institutional arrangements have been proposed for implementation of the RIPP. The THL will assume overall responsibility for the management procedures as mentioned in the RIPP. In THL, there are some key actors whose roles, functions and responsibilities are closely interlinked which require them to work in a coordinated manner to implement the RIPP. The key actors are ESMU, ESMSP, CDC and NGOs/CBOs. To implement the RIPP, the organizational framework and operational framework of the key actors within which they are expected to discharge their functions and responsibilities on a regular basis are specified. Required organizational framework includes central level arrangement and project level arrangement. 54. The role ESMU of THL supported by the ESMSP is important in terms of planning, implementing and supervising the safeguard activities and much of the success of the envisaged plans and programs depends on how well these are carried out by the team in a coordinated manner. Provision of training for capacity building of THL employees is proposed for effective implementation of safeguard activities proposed in the RIPP as well as enhance institutional capacity of THL. The total cost of the training is estimated NRs.2,500,000. XI: Implementation Schedule 55. THL will ensure that funds are delivered on time to CDC for compensation payments and to the ESMSP for timely preparation and implementation of RIPP, as applicable. The compensation issues and rehabilitation measures will be completed before starting construction work. It is expected that the implementation of RIPP will be completed within 18 months. XII: Monitoring and Evaluation 56. One of the main objectives of the project is to improve living standard of the affected persons/households or at least restore their livelihood to pre-project level by implementing appropriate mitigation measures. Effective monitoring and evaluation systems will be introduced to ensure it by the project. Internal and external monitoring systems will be developed for monitoring progress of the RIPP implementation. Monitoring parameters, methods, schedule and location will be developed for progress monitoring. Land acquisition, compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation issues, damage of standing crop, occupational safety and employment are the major parameters of monitoring. The EMSU will be responsible for preparation of RIPP construction phase monitoring report and operation and maintenance phase monitoring report. 57. After completion of the construction work (2 years), an impact evaluation study will be conducted. The evaluation study will focus on following aspects:  Evaluation of RIPP activities focusing on resettlement and land acquisition activities;  Evaluation of RIPP activities by summing up outcomes of the activities as per the RIPP; and  Socioeconomic census survey to measure changes in living standard of the affected households/persons compared to pre-project situation.

viii Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Introduction and Project Description CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A. BACKGROUND 1. Tanahu Hydropower Limited (THL) is a subsidiary company of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) established in 2012 to develop 140 MW Tanahu Hydropower Project (formerly, Upper Seti Hydropower Project). The Tanahu Hydropower Project (THP) is the storage type hydropower project with the installed capacity of 140MW and average annual energy generation of 502 GWh. The reservoir will extend about 25 km upstream inundating the low-lying lands (415 m) along the Seti River. Tanahu Hydropower Project site is located 150 km West of Kathmandu on Seti River in Vyas Municipality near Damauli, the district headquarters of Tanahu District in Gandaki Province of Nepal. The project area is accessible through regular public transportation services from Kathmandu, Pokhara and Bharatpur. The Project will also include Rural Electrification (RE) program and Transmission Lines (TL) component. The estimated cost of the Project is US$ 505 million. 2. A 220 kV double circuits TL is proposed to evacuate generated power of THP to the new Bharatpur Substation of NEA. Altogether seven wards including two wards of Vyas Municipality, one ward of Bandipur Rural Municipality, one ward of Aanbookhaireni Rural Municipality and one ward of Devghat Rural Municipality of Tanahu district, and two wards of Bharatpur Metropolitan of Chitwan district will be directly affected due to construction of the TL Project. 3. The Route Alignment Survey, 2015 has identified 268 landowners as project affected landowners due to construction of the project including 13 directly affected landowners due to land acquisition and 255 landowners due to land-use restriction on private land under RoW. However, after merging repeated land owners and the field verification during the detailed and cadastral survey in 2020, the number of affected landowners decreased to 253 even after adding one excluded land owner of Vyas Municipality where AP-1 is proposed (Table - 1). Table 1: Affected Landowners in the TL Corridor as per the Route Alignment Survey District Previous VDC/ Present Name No. of Affected Actual no. of Affected Land Municipality Landowners As per Owners after Merging Repeated the Rote Alignment Land Owners and Field Survey Verification Tanahu Keshav Tar Vyas Municipality 149 109 Tanahu Dharampani Bandipur RM 78 56 Tanahu Hilekharka Aanbookhaireni RM 17 13 Tanahu Kafaldanda Devghat RM 13 10 Chitwan Kabilash Bharatpur 4 2 Metropolitan Chitwan Bharatpur Bharatpur 7 7 Metropolitan Total 6 4 268 253 Source: Route Alignment Survey, 2015 - Final Report and field verification during Social Survey, 2019 4. The Route Alignment Survey identified Ward No. 5 of Bharatpur Metropolitan as affected ward however, after field verification during “Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation in the Project Area of the 220 kV TL Project" in 2019, it was found that Ward No. 1 of Bharatpur Metropolitan is affected instead of the Ward No. 5 by the TL project. As per the detailed/cadastral survey, 2020, altogether 22.7 ha agricultural land will be required by the TL including 21.2 ha land for Right-of-Way (RoW) and 1.5 ha land for towers. 5. Rehabilitation means restoring something to its original state affected by relocation of object, people, activity and performance to address tangible development over a period of time. This concerns the identification of area where the population to be rehabilitated, resource planning to complement population need and develop linkage between other development infrastructures, such as market, road, drinking water, school, college, health- post, hospital and communication in a cohesive manner. 6. This combined Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples Plan (RIPP) has been prepared in compliance with GoN legislation, ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS), JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations 2010and best practices. The safeguard policies and guidelines emphasize the need to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement on development projects and where the acquisition of private property is unavoidable, involuntary resettlement should be regarded as an integral part of project design, preparation and implementation. The basic principles of the policies are to avoid, minimize involuntary resettlement where possible and if unavoidable mitigate its impacts by improving living standard of the affected persons or at least restore their livelihood to pre-project level.

Page | 1 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Introduction and Project Description 7. According to the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement 2009 (SPS), under the scope and triggers of Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards, the involuntary resettlement safeguards covers physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. It covers them whether such losses and involuntary restrictions are full or partial, permanent or temporary. As the project will physically as well as economically displace local people due to acquisition of land/assets and imposing land use restriction on RoW land this policy triggered and Resettlement Plan preparation becomes mandatory. 8. According to the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement 2009 (SPS), if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, or culture of indigenous peoples or affects the territories or natural or cultural resources that indigenous peoples own, use, occupy, or claim as an ancestral domain or asset it falls under the scope and triggers of Indigenous Peoples Safeguards. As the project will directly or indirectly affect livelihood systems of the indigenous peoples due to land and assets acquisition and land use restriction on RoW land, as per the SPS an Indigenous Peoples Plan preparation becomes mandatory. 9. This Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples Plan (RIPP) combines the requirements of ADB Safeguards Policy Statement 2009 (SPS) regarding Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards and Indigenous Peoples Safeguards for the THP of THL. The main reason for combining the two social safeguard requirements is that the most (88.2%) of the households affected by the TLP are indigenous (Aadibasi/Janjati) households, and impacts are resettlement related, such as loss of land and other assets which will have adverse impacts on their livelihoods. As per the findings of the Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultations, the affected indigenous (Aadibasi/Janjati) households have no significant social or economic characteristic that would distinguish them from other affected households, except in their ethnic identity and national identification. The TLP will have no impacts on cultural identity, survival and cultural resources, and their cultural territories or ancestral domains. The family types and the educational attainment among the affected indigenous households (Aadibasi/Janjati) and other affected households are similar and both will experience the same adverse and positive impacts and entitled to receive same compensation, mitigation and enhancement measures. 10. This RIPP covers 136 households out of 253 directly affected households due to land and private property (house, cowshed and tree) acquisition, and land-use restriction on the RoW as well as the project affected area. THP has prepared the RIPP based on findings of the “Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation in the Project Area of the 220 kV TL Project” and the detailed survey conducted in 2020 in accordance as per the requirements of ADB funded projects. Forum for Research and Development provided technical support to prepare the RIPP. B. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF NEPAL AND THE PROJECT AREA B.1 Indigenous Peoples of Nepal 11. Nepal is inhabited by more than 103 different caste/ethnic groups with multi culture, language and religion. Of them 59 caste/ethnic groups are recognized as groups of indigenous groups (Aadibasi/Janjati), with distinct cultures, languages and belief systems by the government in 2002. 12. The Indigenous Aadibasi/Janjati groups (peoples) are scattered across mountain, hill and Tarai regions of the country. Their total population was enumerated 37.21% in the Population Census, 2001 in Nepal. Concentration of indigenous group is high in rural areas of Nepal. Raute and Kusunda are the nomadic type of people and classified as highly endangered. They are mainly concentrated in remote rural areas. Subsistence farming is their main source of livelihood for most of the indigenous people. Most of the indigenous people are deprived of their social, economic, cultural, and political rights despite of several policy and legal measures by the government for inclusion in the main stream of development. Therefore, inclusion in the main stream of development is the common voice and main issue of the people. After the Peoples Movement II (2006 AD) Jan Andolan II (2062/63 BS) and restoration of democracy these people are organized for their common issue through different organizations. Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) is the umbrella organization of the indigenous people voicing for political, economic, social and cultural rights of the indigenous people in Nepal in the context of state transformation. 13. NEFIN categories the indigenous groups into 5 broad categories based on their population and other socio-economic variables such as literacy, housing, land holdings, occupation, language and area of residence at present as a) Endangered Group (10); b) Highly Marginalized Group (12); c) Marginalized Group (20); d) Disadvantaged Group (15) and e) Advanced Group 2 (Table - 2).

Page | 2 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Introduction and Project Description

Table 2: Categorization of Indigenous Aadibasi/Janjati Peoples of Nepal Category Ethnic Groups Endangered Groups Bankariya, Kusunda, Kushbadia, Raute, Surel, Hayu, Raji, Kisan, Lepcha, Meche (10 groups) Highly Marginalized Santhal, Jhangad, Chepang, Thami, Majhi, Bote, Dhanuk (Rajbansi), Lhomi Groups (Singsawa),Thudamba, Siyar (Chumba), Baramu, Danuwar (12 groups) Marginalized Groups Sunuwar, Tharu, Tamang, Bhujel, Kumal, Rajbansi (Koch), Gangai, Dhimal, Bhote, Darai, Tajpuria, Pahari, Dhokpya (Topkegola), Dolpo, Free, Magal, Larke (Nupriba), Lhopa, Dura, Walung (20groups) Disadvantaged Jirel, Tangbe (Tangbetani), Hyolmo, Limbu, Yakkha, Rai, Chhantyal, Magar, Groups Chhairotan, Tingaunle Thakali, Bahragaunle, Byansi, Gurung, Marphali Thakali, Sherpa (15 groups) Advanced Groups Newar, Thakali (2groups)

B.2 Indigenous Peoples of the Project Area 14. The main indigenous groups (peoples) found in the project area are Chepang, Darai, Bhujel, Magar, Gurung, Tamang and Newar. Of the indigenous groups, Chepang is highly marginalized, Tamang, Darai and Bhujel are marginalized, Gurung and Magar are disadvantaged and Newar is advanced as categorized by NEFIN. These groups are within the 59 classified indigenous Aadibasi/Janjati groups by the government. Although listed as indigenous groups, these groups have no distinct characteristics and almost all follows the similar social and cultural norms/tradition, commonly use Nepali language for communication and socially mixed up with other caste/ethnic groups of the project area. C. VULNERABLE COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF NEPAL 15. In the context of Nepal, vulnerable community means communities who are commonly landless and marginal farmers living below subsistence level. Moreover, these people have no or limited access to public resources and they almost never participate in national planning, policy, and no access in decision-making process or in development initiatives. As a result, their risk of falling below the poverty line is high. Formal and informal studies conducted in Nepal reveal that most of indigenous people (Aadibasi /Janjati), Dalit fall under the category of vulnerable groups in Nepal. This was also reflected in the Government's plans and policies that recognize women, disabled, ethnic minorities and Dalit groups as the predominant poor and marginalized groups. Women in all social groups and regions are more disadvantaged than their male counterparts and even among women, widows, separated and women headed households are particularly disadvantaged. D. PROJECT FEATURES 16. The 200 kV TLP is proposed to evacuate power generated from the powerhouse of THP proposed at Banchare (Rising Rural Municipality ward no. 1) to new Bharatpur Substation (under construction) of NEA located at Aaptari (Ramnagar), Bharatpur Metropolitan City. The length of transmission line alignment will be 36.435 km of which 33.4 km will be double circuits and 3.035 km will be multi-circuits transmission line. Altogether 94 numbers of angle towers will be constructed for power transmission. The RoW is 30m with 15m on either side from the centerline. 17. The TL traverse through 16 settlements of seven wards of Bandipur, Aanbookhaireni and Devghat Rural Municipalities and Vyas Municipality of Tanahu district, and Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan district. The previous VDCs are Kahun Shivapur, Pokhari Bhanjyang, Keshav Tar, Dharampani, Deurali and Devghat of Tanahu District, and Kabilash VDC and Bharatpur municipality of Chitwan district (Table -3 and Figure -1).

Page | 3 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Introduction and Project Description Table 3: Salient Features of the Transmission Line Project 1.0 Project Description 1.1 Name of Project : 220 kV Transmission Line Project of THP 1.2 Location : Gandaki Province, Tanahu District 1.3 District : Tanahu and Chitwan 2.0 Route Alignment 2.1 Crossings 2.1.1 Major River : 5 places Seti River at Banchare, Seti River at Piughare, Trishuli River at Gaighat, Trishuli River at Phwatar and Trishuli River at Batauli 2.1.2 Former VDCs and Municipality : 7 VDCs and 1 municipality Kahun Shivapur, Pokhari Bhanjyang, Keshav Tar, Dharampani, Deurali, Devghat VDCs of Tanahu district and Kabilash VDC and Bharatpur Metropolitan of Chitwan district 2.1.3 Rural Municipality and Municipality : Rural municipality 3, municipality 1 and metropolitan city1 Bandipur, Aanbookhaireni and Devghat Rural Municipalities and Vyas Municipality of Tanahu district, and Bharatpur Metropolitan of Chitwan district 2.1.4 Settlement Crossing Places : 16 Banchare (Kahun Shivapur VDC), Rip (Pokhari Bhanjyang VDC), Darthok, Nayagaun (Keshav Tar VDC), Huslan, Setigaun, Dharampani, Gyajatar (Dharampani VDC), Piughare (Deurali VDC), Duighare (Kabilash VDC), Duighare, Saldanda, Beldanda, Batauli (Devghat VDC) and Thimura, Bharatpur Substation (Bharatpur Metropolitan) 2.1.4 Major Road Crossing : 3 places Mugling - Narayanghat Road at Gaighat, Mugling – Narayanghat Road at Fwatar and Mugling – Narayanghat Road at Aaptari 3.0 Transmission Line 3.1 Peak Power Transmission, MW : 140 MW 3.2 Switchyard Location : Near powerhouse 3.3 Transmission voltage (kV) : 220 3.4 Total Length : 36.435 km 3.5 Sending end : Proposed switchyard of the project 3.6 Receiving end : Bharatpur 220 kV switching substation 3.7 Type of Conductor : ACSR “BISON” x 2 (Double Conductors) 3.8 Size of conductor (Al) : 381.7 mm2 3.9 No. of Circuits : Double 3.10 No. of Angle Towers : 94 3.11 No. of Suspension Towers : 00 3.12 Type of Tower : Steel Lattice Tower 3.13 Span 3.13.1 Maximum : 872m 3.13.2 Minimum : 62m 3.14 Maximum Angle of Deviation : 60° 54' 36"R 3.15 Right- of-Way (RoW) : 30.00 m 3.16 Minimum Ground Clearance : 7.00 m 3.17 Maximum Tower Height : 27.00 m (from lowest conductor) 4.0 Land-use Change : 4.1 Agriculture Land (Ha)1 : 21.2 ha RoW and 1.5 ha for towers 4.2 Forest Area (Ha) : 65.97 Ha. 4.3 Other Areas (Barren & River) (Ha) : 4.65 Ha Source: Route Alignment Survey of Damauli - Bharatpur 220kV D/C Transmission Line, Final Report

1The figure of landuse change of agriculture land is not matching with the SIEE, 2017 of the TLP. Page | 4 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Introduction and Project Description

Figure 1: Route Alignment of the 220 kV Transmission Line Project Source: Route Alignment Survey of Damauli – Bharatpur 220 kV D/C Transmission Line, Final Report, 2015

Page | 5 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Introduction and Project Description

Page | 6 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement CHAPTER II: SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

A. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION 18. Construction of the 220 kV Transmission Line requires permanent land acquisition for tower foundation, acquisition of private structure/assets (house, cowsheds, trees etc.) within RoW (30 m) of the transmission line (TL), imposing landuse restriction on land within RoW and considering other losses (production loss, crop loss, etc.) resulting from the construction of the TL are within the scope of land acquisition and resettlement. 19. The project will require 22.7 ha private agriculture land for construction of the transmission line. Of the required land, 1.5ha will be required permanently for tower foundation (40 towers) and 21.2 ha agriculture land will be required for RoW (30m). There will be restriction on buildings construction and plantation of tall trees within RoW of the TLP. The land owners/HHs will be allowed for cultivation within RoW and land ownership will remain unchanged. Similarly, some private structures (house, cowshed) and trees that lie within RoW of the TL require removal. 20. Standing crops along RoW will be temporarily affected during stringing and excavation for tower foundation. Attempt will be made to avoid loss of the standing crops by initiating construction activities during off- agriculture season. However, it will not completely possible to ignore that the construction activities will not take place during the agriculture season. Assessment of temporary impact on loss of standing crops along the RoW will be conducted to assess the loss before initiating the construction work. The scope of the land acquisition and resettlement are as follows: a. Socio-economic analysis and entitlement of the households affected due to tower foundation of the 220 kV TLP, b. Socio-economic analysis and entitlement of the households affected due to land use restriction on land within RoW of the 220 kV TLP, c. Socio-economic analysis and entitlement of all the households whose structures/assets are affected due to alignment of the220 kV TLP and d. Socio-economic analysis and entitlement of all other community facilities, services and resources that are affected due to the 220 kV TLP.

B. IMPACT ASSESSMENT 21. Due attention has been given while finalizing the route alignment of the TL to minimize socioeconomic impacts of the project by avoiding settlements, agriculture land, residential plots, and community infrastructure and services. Likely impacts due to the construction of TL are categorized as permanent and temporary. The permanent impacts are land acquisition for tower foundation, acquisition of private structures/assets within RoW, loss of agriculture production due to loss of agriculture land and land use restriction on the land within RoW. The temporary impacts are loss of standing crops within RoW and tower foundation area and impact on community facility, services and resources. The “Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation in the Project Area of the 220 kV TL Project”, 2019 broadly covers the general impacts and identifies approximate loss regarding construction of the 220 kV TLP. The affected private assets include loss of land, residential houses, cowsheds, crops and standing trees. The loss will occur due to construction of the project in different locations of the project affected municipalities. The likely impacts of construction of the TL are described below: B.1 Permanent Loss of Land 22. As per the latest status (Construction Survey and cadastral Survey), 1.5 ha of cultivated land will be lost permanently due to land acquisition for foundation of 40 towers in private land. The nature of impact is direct, of low magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration. B.2 Landuse Restriction 23. Also, as per the latest status (Construction Survey and cadastral Survey) 21.2 ha of land will be affected by RoW. According to prevailing regulations of GoN, the RoW land is not acquired permanently by the project/proponent. However in practice, one time compensation equivalent up 20.0% of land value is paid to the owner against land use restriction along the RoW which includes mainly restriction for house construction and tree plantation. 24. As per the social survey, 12.0 ha land of the surveyed households will be lost due to land acquisition/landuse restriction. The percentage of HHs losing < 10.0% land is 44.1%, HHs losing 10.0% to 25.0% land is 39.7% and HHs losing 25.0% to 50.0% land is 12.5%. Similarly, the HH losing 50.0% to 75.0% land is 0.7% and HH losing 75.0% to 100% land is 2.9% from their total land for the land required for tower foundation and RoW (Table - 4).

Page | 7 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Table 4: Loss of Land from Total Landholding Municipality/R. Municipality Loss of Land from Total Landholding (%) < 10% 10 – 25% 25 – 50% 50 - 75% 75-100% HHs % HHs % HHs % HHs % HHs % Aanbookhaireni 5 3 2 Bandipur 17 40.5 16 38.1 6 14.3 1 2.4 2 4.8 Devghat 3 42.9 3 42.9 1 14.3 Vyas 35 46.1 32 42.1 8 10.5 1 1.3 Bharatpur 1 100 Total 60 44.1 54 39.7 17 12.5 1 0.7 4 2.9 Source: Household Survey, 2019 25. Of the surveyed households, 71.3% Magar, 16.2% Gurung and 6.6% Dalit households will lose land due to land acquisition/use restriction. This indicates that the indigenous peoples and vulnerable group will be more affected due to land acquisition/use restriction (Table - 5). Table 5: Distribution of HHs Losing Land from Total Landholding by Caste/Ethnicity Caste/Ethnicity Total HHs Percent Losing Area Area (ha) % of Total Landholding Magar 97 71.3 8.25 11.2 Gurung 22 16.2 2.26 13.2 Thakuri 4 2.9 0.68 21.5 Brahmin 2 1.5 0.07 6.6 Newar 1 0.7 0.09 8.8 Giri/Sannyasi 1 0.7 0.02 2.6 Dalit (Damai, Kami) 9 6.6 0.63 14.4 Total 136 100 12 11.8 Source: Household Survey, 2019 26. Of the affected households, 69.9% are male headed households and 30.1% are female headed households. The male headed households will loss 8.27 ha land and female headed households will lose 3.73 ha land. Similarly, the male headed households will loss 11.53% land and female headed households will loss 12.63% land of their total land holding (Table - 6). Table 6: Distribution of Land Loss Farm Size and Sex of Household Head Landholding Categories Total Households Total Area (ha) % of Total Landholding Category Size of Male Female Male Female Male Female Holding Headed Headed Headed Headed Headed Headed (ha) HHs HHs HHs HHs Marginal Up to 0.5 35 13 1.94 0.84 18.01 17.04 Small 0.50 - 1.00 44 20 4.74 1.8 15.65 12.16 1.00 - 1.50 6 7 0.77 1 11.48 12.08 1.50 - 2.00 8 1 0.69 0.09 4.94 5.88 Medium 2.00 - 4.00 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Large > 4.0 ha. 2 0.13 1.3 Total 95 41 8.27 3.73 11.53 12.63 Source: Household Survey, 2019 The nature of impact is direct, of moderate magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration. B.3 Acquisition of House and Cowshed 27. Construction of the project requires acquisition of 4 houses and 3 cowsheds located within RoW of the TL. Of the surveyed households 3.6% will lose the structures. Out of the seven structures, six structures are located in Vyas Municipality and one residential structure is located in Bandipur Rural Municipality (Table - 7).

Page | 8 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Table 7: Distribution of Households Losing Structures Municipality/R. Total Surveyed Households No. of Loosing Structures by Municipality Households Loosing Structures Type N % House Cowshed Aanbookhaireni 10 Bandipur 42 1 2.4 1 Devghat 7 Vyas 76 4 5.2 3 3 Bharatpur 1 Total 136 5 3.6 4 3 Source: Source: Field Survey

28. Among the surveyed HHs, only 5 HHs of Magar caste/ethnic group will be affected due to acquisition of 4 houses and 3 cowsheds. Of them, 4 HHs are male headed and one is female headed. All the residential houses are classified as Kacchi by their construction type (Table-8). Table 8: Type of Affected Houses/Cowshed Caste/Ethnic Group Affected Houses by Type2 Kacchi Semi Pakki Pakki Total Magar 4 - - 4 Total 4 - - 4 Source: Household Survey, 2019 29. The total area of affected houses is 9802 feet with an average area of 2452feet per houses. Similarly, the total area of cowsheds is 5602 feet with an average 1862 feet per cowshed (Table - 9). Table 9: Area of Affected Houses/Structures No. of Affected Houses (ft2) Cowsheds (ft2) Area Houses Kacchi Avg. No. Area Avg. Single Floor <300 Sq.ft. 4 980 245 3 560 186 300-500 Sq.ft. 500-1000 Sq.ft. >1000 Sq.ft. Total 4 980 245 3 560 186 Source: Household Survey, 2019 The nature of impact is direct, of low magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration. B.4 Reduction in Agricultural Production 30. There will be annual reduction in 1.44 MT of food grains (winter and summer crops) production due to land acquisition for the tower foundation (SIEE Report, 2017). Paddy, wheat, maize, millet, potato, mustard and pulses are the crops likely to be affected due to land acquisition. The nature of impact is direct, of low magnitude, local in extent and long term in duration. B.5 Loss of Private Trees 31. A total of 36 trees will be lost due to the implementation of the project. Of the total trees, 55.56% are orange, 25.00% are fodder trees and 16.67% are timber trees (Table-10). Table 10: Loss of Private Trees Age (Yrs) Type of Trees Mango Orange Fodder Trees Timber Trees All N % N % N % N % N % > 5 Years 1 2.78 20 55.56 9 25.00 6 16.7 36 100 Total 1 2.78 20 55.56 9 25.00 6 16.67 36 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 The nature of impact is direct, of low magnitude, local in extent and short term in duration.

2 Kacchi: Stone wall, mud or wooden floor with thatched or zinc roof. Pakki: Brick/stone wall, cemented floor with tiles or RCC roof.

Page | 9 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement B.6 Loss of Standing Crops 32. The construction of transmission line will be carried out during off-agriculture season to avoid loss of standing crops. However, it is not completely possible to ignore that the construction activities will not take place during the agriculture season. Therefore, cropped area adjoining the RoW could be disturbed due to movement of equipment, labor force and stringing of the transmission line. The nature of impact will be direct, of low magnitude, site-specific in extent and short term in duration. B.7 Impact on Community Facility, Services and Resources 33. Community infrastructures, facilities and services (e.g. health, education, communication and drinking water, community forest etc.) are important social resources that will be used by the construction workforce. However, as the size of construction workforce is small (about 150 people 35 skilled, 35 semi-skilled and 80 unskilled), most semi-skilled and all the unskilled will be locally hired. Therefore, given the nature of work of short duration (1 year) and site specific, the pressure on community infrastructures/facility and services is likely to be low. Temporary Impacts (Temporary Loss) along RoW of Transmission Lines 1. Construction of transmission line will impose temporary loss of standing crops and permanent loss of trees along the Right of Way (RoW), which will lead to temporary and permanent economic displacement. The affected displaced households will be entitled as per entitlement matrix and income restoration trainings will also be provided in order to restore their livelihoods. Efforts will be made to schedule the construction activities during the off-season cultivation period to minimize crop loss. Structures along RoW will be permanently impacted. Families who will lose houses (residential) will also undergo hardship related to physical displacement. However, project has offered sufficient incentives to minimize the hardships and improve their living standard. 2. Compensation for losses will be paid in cash before the beginning of major construction activities. Additionally, livelihood/agriculture and vulnerable assistance will be paid as compensation (in addition to compensation of structure, trees and crops), along with other benefits in line with entitlement matrix. Details of structures along the RoW have been included in this RIPP update as such impacts shall also be permanent in nature. Considering nature of the project and availability of local labor this impact is considered to be low, site specific and of short term.

Page | 10 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile CHAPTER III: SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION AND PROFILE

A. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 34. The study team has adopted participatory approach with maximum involvement of different stakeholders of the project at the local and district levels to collect required information for the RIPP. The study team maintained close contacts with the relevant government agencies, elected representatives of local bodies, local leaders, leaders of indigenous peoples, representatives of CBOs/CFUGs, social workers, and other key stakeholders of the project area while conducting the fieldwork for the RIPP. 35. The approach and methodology to collect required data/information includes but not limited to literature review, study area delineation, identification of stakeholders, census survey (socioeconomic)of directly project affected households (136), key informant interviews (KIIs), participatory rapid appraisals (PRAs) with project affected people and other stakeholders in wards and major settlements, focus group discussions (FGDs) with women; vulnerable groups and indigenous people and market survey. HH survey questionnaire, interview guidelines, topic guides and checklists were used as study tools for data/information collection (Table - 11, Annex - I and II). Further, several informal meetings/discussions were conducted with elected representatives and officials of the municipalities, local leaders of indigenous peoples, leaders of major political parties and social workers of the area to collect required information as well as to inform them about the TLP. Table 11: Sample Distribution Previous VDC/ Previous Affected New New Sample Distribution Municipality Wards Wards Municipality/Rural Affected HH Survey Ward Settlement FGD Market KII Municipality Ward Target Achieved PRA PRA Survey Pokhari3Bhanjyang 5, 6, 7 5 Vyas Municipality 13 59 37 1 1 1 2 2 Keshav Tar 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4 Vyas Municipality 14 80 39 1 1 1 2 2 Deurali 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 Aanbookhaireni 6 21 10 1 1 1 2 2 5, 6, 7,8, 9 Rural Municipality Dharampani4 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2 Bandipur Rural 6 67 42 1 1 1 2 2 Municipality Kafaldanda 8, 9 8, 9 Devghat Rural 4 11 7 1 1 1 2 2 Municipality Bharatpur 1 1 Bharatpur 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 Municipality Metropolitan Kabilash 1-9 7 Bharatpur 29 4 0 1 1 1 2 2 Metropolitan 8 5 7 253 136 7 7 7 14 14 Source: Route Alignment Survey of Damauli – Bharatpur 220kV D/C Transmission Line, Final Report, 2015.

A.1 Criteria for Defining Vulnerable Groups and Indigenous Peoples 36. After review of information related to indigenous peoples and vulnerable groups in the project area, indigenous people, Dalit and female-headed households were identified as vulnerable groups that merited consideration in the study. The indigenous (Aadibasi/Janjati) caste/ethnic groups found in the project area are Magar, Gurung, Darai, Newar, Bhujel, Tamang and Chepang. Of the indigenous caste/ethnic groups of the project area, Chepang is highly marginalized, Tamang, Darai and Bhujel are marginalized, Gurung and Magar are disadvantaged and Newar is advanced. These groups are within 59 classified Aadibasi/Janjati groups by the government. Although listed under indigenous category these indigenous caste/ethnic groups have no distinct characteristics and almost all follows the similar social and cultural tradition, use common Nepali language and socially mixed up with other caste/ethnic groups. Kami and Damai are the Dalit who are the marginalized groups of the area. Almost all these groups are highly dependent on subsistence farming and wage employment for their livelihood. The following groups were initially considered as potential vulnerable groups for the RIPP:  Female-headed households,  Indigenous(Aadibasi/Janjati) households and  Dalit (Kami and Damai) households.

3 Ward no. 2, 3 & 4 of Pokhari Bhanjyang VDC merged with Vyas Municipality ward no. 13 & ward no. 5, 6 & 7 of Keshav Tar (later merged with Pokhari Bhanjyang) merged with Vyas Municipality ward no. 14 first & later ward no. 13 & 14 of to ward 13 of Vyas. 4Dharampani VDC ward no 1, 2, 3 and 4 first merged with Bandipur Municipality ward 8 (1, 2) & 9 (3, 4) and later changed to Bandipur Rural Municipality ward no. 6. Page | 11 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile A.2 Criteria for Defining Project Affected and Vulnerable Households 37. The project affected and vulnerable households have been set based on followings:  Marginally Affected Households: Households losing less than 10% of their total land.  Severely Affected Households: Households losing more than 10% of their total land. This includes two sub- categories: i) Households losing more than 10% to 50% of their land and ii) Households losing more than 50% of their land. The households losing residential structures are also included in this category.  Vulnerable Households: Women headed households, indigenous and Dalit households affected by the project are categorized under this category. A.3 Identification of Stakeholders 38. The key stakeholders of the project are the people/households directly affected due to loss of land; house; cowshed; private trees or imposed land use restriction. The other stakeholders of the project are elected officials of local government, political party leaders, leaders of indigenous community, social workers, teachers, government officials, representatives of community forest user group (CFUG) and other influential people of the project area. During the fieldwork, these stakeholders were identified with the help of district and local level government officials, elected representatives of local government (municipality/rural municipality), field team of THP, NGOs, CBOs, teachers and social workers of the area. The identified stakeholders were consulted to solicit their views, concerns regarding the project and their expectations from the project as they will be the directly or indirectly affected people by the TLP, and have important role to influence the project implementation. A.4 Definitions 39. The following definitions are applied in the RIPP for the project:  Compensation: The payment in cash or kind for private property acquired by the TLP at replacement value as defined by the Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) based on the RIPP guidelines and framework. Regarding land-use restriction on private/agricultural land under RoW, a minimum of up to 20.0%5 of the land value will be provided as compensation of the land to the affected person/family or as per mutual understanding with the land owners. The ownership will be not transferred from the name of owner and the owner can cultivate the land. However, restriction on plantation of tree size plants and construction of permanent structures will be imposed.  Compensation Determination Committee: The district-level Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) will be established under Section 13 (2) of the Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977) to determine replacement value and compensation rates for property acquired under the Act.  Cut-off Date for Eligibility to Entitlement: The cut-off date for eligibility to compensation and assistance will be the date of notification by the CDC/THL for land acquisition and compensation of affected households/assets.  Entitled Person: Any person who is entitled to compensation due to loss of privately owned assets and other rehabilitation assistance.  Project Affected Person: Any person directly affected by the project through the acquisition/use restriction of assets belonging to him/her or his/her family or community. This includes any person whose rights, standard of living, subsistence and income-generating capacity are adversely affected through the acquisition/use restriction of assets, whether full/partial, or permanent/temporary.  Project Affected Household/Family: Family members living together and sharing a single kitchen affected by acquisition/restriction of their assets, will be entitled for compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation measures.  Project Affected Group: Communities or groups, that loses community resources due to the project.  Rehabilitation: The measures taken to mitigate identified socioeconomic impacts, including compensation, resettlement, rehabilitation and transition allowances where required.  Replacement Cost: With regard to land and structures, “replacement cost” is defined as follows:  For agricultural land, it is the pre-project or pre-displacement, whichever is higher, market value of land of equal productive potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the cost of preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes.  For houses and other structures, it is the market cost of the materials to build a replacement structure with an area and quality similar to or better than those of the affected structures or to repair a partially affected structure, plus the cost of transporting building materials to the construction site, plus the cost of any labor and contractors’ fees, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes.

5According to prevailing regulations of GoN, the land of RoW is not acquired permanently by the project/proponent. However, in practice one time compensation is provided against land use restriction on the land of RoW. In some cases, NEA has provided compensation up to 20.0% of land value for TL projects for ROW land and more than that percentage by private developers of hydropower projects. Page | 12 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile  Titleholder: The person in whose name the project-affected land and/or building is registered and the person who is authorized by law to receive the compensation provided for the acquisition of land and/or building.  Tenant: A person occupying/using land of a titleholder according to the stipulations of The Lands Act, 2021BS (1964 AD).  Vulnerable Groups: Social categories whose livelihoods may be particularly vulnerable to disturbances created by the project. These groups include women headed households, indigenous peoples (Aadibasi/Janjati) and Dalit. A.5 Field work 40. The fieldwork of the “Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation” started from February 10, 2019 and completed on February 22, 2019 that provided basis for the RIPP. Similarly, in the first week of December 2019, a rapid assessment of the project area was made by the RIPP team to collect additional required data/information and technical assessment/feasibility of requested/demanded programs/activities by the local people during the social survey and stakeholder consultation. B. SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF MUNICIPALITIES AND THE PROJECT AREA 41. Socioeconomic profile of project affected municipalities and the project area (wards) is based on literature review and data collected from the field. The description is categorized as project municipalities and the project area (wards) and described in the following sections. B.1 Project Municipalities 42. The TLP includes Vyas Municipality, Bandipur Rural Municipality, Aanbookhaireni Rural Municipality and Devghat Rural Municipality of Tanahu district and Bharatpur Metropolitan of Chitwan district. B.1.1 Household and Population 43. Total population of the project municipalities is 412,414 including 47.24% male and 52.72% female. The female population is high in Bandipur Rural Municipality (54.79%) whereas male population is high in Bharatpur Metropolitan (48.22).There are 100,634 households in the municipalities with average household size of 4.1 persons. The average household size of Devghat Rural Municipality is high compared to other municipalities. The average household size of 4.10 is slightly lower than the national average household size of 4.88 persons (Table - 12). Table 12: Population and Households of the Municipalities/Rural Municipalities Municipality/Rural HHs Population Ave. HH Municipality Size Male Percent Female Percent Aanbookhaireni RM 4911 20768 4.23 9504 45.76 11264 54.24 Bandipur RM 4853 20013 4.12 9048 45.21 10965 54.79 Devghat RM 3435 16131 4.70 7484 46.40 8447 52.37 Vyas Municipality 18339 70335 3.84 31260 44.44 39075 55.56 Bharatpur Metropolitan 69096 285167 4.13 137511 48.22 147656 51.78 All 100634 412414 4.10 194807 47.24 217407 52.72 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS 44. Total area of the project municipalities is 1069.95 square kilometer. Of the total area, 40.5% area is occupied by Bharatpur Metropolitan and lowest area (9.5%) is occupied by Bandipur Rural Municipality. The highest population density is found in Bharatpur Metropolitan (659) and lowest (101) in Devghat Rural Municipality. The average population density of the project municipalities is 385 persons higher than the national level of 180 persons (Table - 13). Table 13: Total Area and Population of the Municipalities/Rural Municipalities Municipalities Total Area Percent Household Population Population Density (km²) Aanbookhaireni RM 128 12.0 4911 20768 162 Bandipur RM 102 9.5 4853 20013 196 Devghat RM 159 14.9 3435 16131 101 Vyas Municipality 248 23.2 18339 70335 284 Bharatpur Metropolitan 432.95 40.5 69096 285167 659 All 1069.95 100.0 100634 412414 385 Source: National Population and Housing Census 2011, CBS and District Profiles, CBS

Page | 13 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile 45. Among the boarder age groups, 61.2 % is economically active population (14 to 59 years) and 8.98 % is in the age group of 60 years and above and 30.0% is children population. The working age group (61.2 %) is higher than national level (57.0%). The highest working age population (62.9%) is residing in Bharatpur Metropolitan and lowest (54.05%) in Devghat Rural Municipality. Of the 60 yrs. and above age group population, the highest Percent of elderly people (12.29%) residing in Devghat Rural Municipality whereas the lowest Percent is in Bharatpur Metropolitan (Table - 14). Table 14: Population by Broader Age Category by Municipalities/Rural Municipalities Municipalities Up to 14 Yrs Percent 14 – 59 Yrs Percent 60 Yrs + Percent Total Aanbookhaireni RM 6986 33.64 11974 57.66 1808 8.71 20768 Bandipur RM 6604 33.00 11185 55.89 2224 11.11 20013 Devghat RM 5429 33.66 8719 54.05 1983 12.29 16131 Vyas Municipality 23554 33.49 40322 57.33 6459 9.18 70335 Bharatpur Metropolitan 81149 28.46 179460 62.93 24558 8.61 285167 All 123722 30.00 251660 61.02 37032 8.98 412414 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS B.1.2 Literacy 46. Overall literacy rate for population aged 5 years and above is highest (79.92%) in Vyas Municipality and lowest (67.21) in Devghat Rural Municipality. The literacy rate in all municipalities is higher than overall national literacy rate (65.9%). Male Literacy rate is higher as compare to the female literacy rate in all the municipalities. The literacy data of Bharatpur Metropolitan is not available (Table - 15). Table 15: Population Aged 5 years and above by Sex and Literacy Status Municipalities Literacy Status Total Can Read & Can Read Can Not Not Literacy rate Write Only Read Stated M F Both M F M F M F M F M F Both Aanbookhaireni RM 8533 10338 18871 7048 7131 129 194 1356 3013 7 20 82.53 68.85 75.03 Bandipur RM 8230 10169 18399 6633 6587 208 221 1389 3361 3 7 80.57 64.73 71.81 Devghat RM 6742 7897 14639 5116 4728 145 149 1481 3020 5 2 75.83 59.86 67.21 Vyas Mun. 28324 36251 64575 24832 26813 522 758 2970 8680 11 37 87.64 73.89 79.92 6Bharatpur Metro. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS. B.1.3 Ownership of House/Housing Units 47. Altogether, 68.73% population is living in their own house whereas, 23.06% are living in rented house. Houses owned by institutional and others is 2.83% and 1.75% respectively (Table - 16). Table 16: Households by Ownership of House/Housing Unit in Use Municipalities Ownership of House/Housing Unit Total Owned Rented Institutional Others Aanbookhaireni 3662 1130 63 56 4911 Bandipur 4075 664 36 78 4853 Devghat 3120 131 112 72 3435 Vyas 13723 4196 161 259 18339 Bharatpur 48247 17081 1386 2382 69096 Total 69165 23202 1758 2847 100634 Percent 68.73 23.06 1.75 2.83 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS 48. Of the households, 47.4% households have galvanized iron sheet roofed house whereas37.3%household own RCC roofed house. It shows that majority of the households are living under durable roofing houses i.e.galvanizediron sheet and RCC. The proportion of households living in housing units roofed with thatch/straw is 9.4%. Households residing in the houses roofed with tile/slate and wood/plank is 4.2% and 0.3% respectively (Table -17).

6 Data of Bharatpur Metropolitan City is not available Page | 14 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 17: Households by Roof of House/Housing Unit Roof of the House Municipalities Thatch/ Straw Galv. Iron Tile/Slate RCC Wood/Plank Others Not Stated Total HHs Aanbookhaireni 749 3032 591 1832 2 5 40 4911 Bandipur 727 1908 1713 461 2 1 41 4853 Devghat 1097 1663 439 163 43 3 27 3435 Vyas 2283 7796 1594 6405 46 21 194 18339 Bharatpur 5395 33337 490 28696 167 233 778 69096 Total 9502 47736 4236 37557 260 263 1080 100634 Percent 9.4 47.4 4.2 37.3 0.3 0.3 1.1 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS B.1.4 Drinking Water and Sanitation 49. Piped water is the main source of drinking water for 47.04% HHs of the project municipalities. Tube-well (37.95%), covered well (7.82%), uncovered well (4.44%), spout water are the other sources of drinking water for the people of the municipalities (Table - 18). Table 18: Households by Source of Drinking Water in the Project Municipalities Municipality/Rural Main Source of Drinking Water Total Municipality Tap/ Tube- Covered Uncovered Spout River/ Others HHs Piped well Well Well Water Stream Aanbookhaireni 4576 46 94 88 85 22 4911 Bandipur 4128 66 399 185 44 31 4853 Devghat 3095 49 113 104 49 25 3435 Vyas 14449 1177 1893 642 54 124 18339 Bharatpur 21089 38193 6531 1965 161 95 1062 69096 Total 47337 38193 7869 4464 1180 327 1264 100634 Percent 47.04 37.95 7.82 4.44 1.17 0.32 1.26 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS 50. More than half (60%) of the households in the project municipalities have flushed type of toilet. About one third (31%) of the residents have ordinary toilets. 7.6 % households have no toilet. Of the households, 83.4% have flushed toilet in Bharatpur Metropolitan City, whereas only 8.6% households of Vyas Municipality have flushed type of toilet. The highest (75%) of the household have ordinary toilet in Vyas Municipality. Of the households, 29.8% HHs of Bandipur Municipality have no toilet at their home (Table-19). Table 19: Households with Type of Toilet Type of Toilet Municipalities Flushed Toilet Ordinary Toilet No Toilet Not Stated HHs Percent HHs Percent HHs Percent HHs Percent Aanbookhaireni 912 18.6 3243 66.0 742 15.1 13 0.3 Bandipur 664 13.7 2715 55.9 1444 29.8 30 0.6 Devghat 358 10.4 2421 70.5 637 18.5 19 0.6 Vyas 1585 8.6 13749 75.0 2898 15.8 107 0.6 Bharatpur 57605 83.4 9146 13.3 1984 2.9 300 0.4 Total 61124 60.0 31274 31.- 7705 7.6 469 0.4 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS B.1.5 Energy Use 51. The use of LPG as cooking energy is 46.3% in the project municipalities. It could be due to urbanization, accessibility and affordability of local people. The second largest source of cooking fuel is fuel wood (44.0%). The other sources of cooking energy are biogas (7.9%), kerosene, electricity and others (Table - 20). Table 20: Type of Fuel Used by Households for Cooking in the Project Municipalities Fuel Used for Cooking Municipality Fuel-wood Kerosene LPG Bio Gas Electricity Others Not Stated Total HHs Aanbookhaireni 2674 14 1899 250 50 24 4911 Bandipur 3431 21 1049 313 6 33 4853 Devghat 2920 9 285 198 2 21 3435 Vyas 9911 66 6967 1231 16 148 18339 Bharatpur 25295 666 36412 5969 140 269 345 69096 Total 44231 776 46612 7961 214 495 345 100634 Percent 44.0 0.8 46.3 7.9 0.2 0.5 0.3 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS

Page | 15 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile 52. Electricity is main source of lighting for almost all HHs (93.22%) of the project municipalities. Kerosene is used by only 3.8 % for lighting while solar and other is sources of light is 2.11% and 0.43% of the total households respectively. Of the households 0.45%have not mentioned about source of light (Table -21). Table 21: Source of Lighting for Households of the Project Area Fuel Used for Lighting Municipalities Electricity Kerosene Solar Others Not Stated Total HHs Aanbookhaireni 4248 541 211 122 14 4911 Bandipur 3606 646 537 34 30 4853 Devghat 1923 308 1066 119 19 3435 Vyas 16922 1003 236 70 108 18339 Bharatpur 67109 1323 281 84 299 69096 Total 93808 3821 2120 429 456 100634 Percent 93.22 3.80 2.11 0.43 0.45 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS B.2 Project Area 53. The project area includes 7 wards including two wards of Vyas Municipality (ward no. 13 and 14), one ward of Bandipur (ward no. 6), one ward of Aanbookhaireni (ward no. 6) and one ward of Devghat (ward no. 4) rural municipalities of Tanahu district and two wards of Bharatpur Metropolitan City (ward no. 1 and 29) of Chitwan district. B.2.1 Population and HHs of the Project Area 54. Total population of the project area (project affected wards) is 30,654 including 48.6% male and 51.4% female. The female population is high in ward no. 6 of Bandipur Rural Municipality (57.2%) whereas the male population is high in ward no. 1 of Bharatpur Metropolitan (53.7%).There are 6,798 HHs in the project area and the average HH size is 4.5 persons. The average HH size of ward no. 4 of Devghat Rural Municipality is slightly high (5.2 persons) compared to the other wards of the project area (Table - 22). Table 22: Population and Households in the Project Area by Municipality and Ward Municipality/Rural Ward HHs Population Average HH Size Male Percent Female Percent Municipality No. Aanbookhaireni RM 6 521 2499 4.8 1090 43.6 1409 56.4 Bandipur RM 6 533 2336 4.4 1000 42.8 1336 57.2 Devghat RM 4 391 2028 5.2 945 46.6 1083 53.4 Vyas Mun. 13 979 3978 4.1 1815 45.6 2163 54.4 Vyas Mun. 14 703 2825 4 1217 43.1 1608 56.9 Bharatpur Met. 1 2506 11169 4.5 5994 53.7 5175 46.3 Bharatpur Met. 29 1165 5819 5 2822 48.5 2997 51.5 All - 6798 30654 4.5 14883 48.6 15771 51.4 Source: National Population and Housing Census, 2011, CBS B.2.2 Livelihood 55. Agriculture is one of the main sources of livelihood for most people of the project area. Other sources of livelihood of the local people are animal husbandry, wage employment, foreign employment, remittance, salaried jobs, and petty business. Few people of the area are also engaged in small hotel/tea shop operation, trade of agriculture/livestock and tourism sector. This area is potential for tourism development due to accessibility, unique Magar culture, view points and Bandipur due to its unique Newari culture (one of the touristic places of Nepal). Some Mother’s Groups have started home-stay business targeting internal and external tourists in some wards of Bandipur and Aanbookhaireni Rural Municipalities. B.2.3 Agriculture 56. The agriculture production is not sufficient to fulfill annual food demand of the local people due to subsistence nature of farming, traditional methods of cultivation, lack of irrigation, technical knowhow and lack of agricultural inputs. Paddy, maize, millet are the main cereal cops of the area. The other crops grown by the local people in the area are pulses, potato, mustered and vegetables. Cattle, buffalo and goats are common livestock raised by the local people. However, productivity of these livestock is low due to local breed and feeding practice. Fowls are commonly raised by most HHs of the area for self-consumption. A few HHs along the road area have started small scale poultry farming. This area is potential for livestock development particularly for goat due to availability of grazing area and forest. Orange is one of the important horticulture products of the area that significantly contributes to the annual HH income of most HHs of the area. Orange, banana, mango, pineapple, peer, peach, jackfruit, lemon are the common fruits of the area. Some people have started developing orange

Page | 16 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile orchid for commercial purpose in the project area. Due to access to market, support for livestock and horticulture (orange, banana) development and small-scale irrigation system could help to promote economic status of local people of the project area. B.2.4 Drinking Water 57. Piped water is the important source of drinking water for most HHs of the project area. The other sources of drinking water are spring, wells and streams. However, the existing water sources are not sufficient to fulfill water demand of local people. Most drinking water schemes of the area are old and require intake improvement, replacement of old pipes, and source protection. The local people face shortage of drinking water for about 2-3 months in a year during the dry season. Local people are expecting support for drinking water from the project for community and schools. B.2.5 Health 58. The health and sanitation condition of the project area observed normal. There are health-posts in the project area and the area is accessible to hospitals located at Bharatpur, Damauli and Bandipur. Few private medical shops provide medicine and emergency medical services in the project area. As per the local people the major problems of local health-posts are lack of medicines, medical equipment and absence of health service providers. Local people demanded strengthening the health-posts by providing medicines and equipment. B.2.6 Education 59. There are primary, secondary and higher secondary schools in the project area. Poor physical infrastructure/facilities (building/class rooms, toilet, drinking water), educational and sport materials, drinking water, high dropout rate due to lack of awareness among parents particularly in schools located in rural areas are the major. Local people are expecting support from the project for infrastructure development (drinking water, toilets, classrooms, replacement of old roofs of corrugated zinc sheets), scholarship and incentives for girls and awareness raising regarding the importance of education among parents for increasing enrollment and reducing dropout rate of the local schools. B.2.7 Infrastructure 60. Almost all the wards of the project area are accessible through seasonal public transportation service. The Damauli-Keshav Tar-Dharampani road is an important access road for local people of the project area. This road is playing an important role for socioeconomic development of the people of the area and establishing rural and urban linkage. This road has an important role for construction, monitoring and supervision of the TLP. Road improvement is one of the important felt needs of the local people of the project area. The local people are strongly demanding for upgrading and blacktopping Damauli-Keshav Tar-Dharampani road for all weather accessibility and overall development of the area. The people of Kafaldanda (Devghat RM, ward no. 4) are expecting support and upgrading/black topping Gaighat-Kafaldanda seasonal rough road that provides easy access to Mugling-Narayanghat Road. The people of Chaukidanda (Bharatpur Metropolitan, ward no. 29) expecting upgrading/black topping Bhorle-Chaukidanda seasonal rough road and the people of Thimura (Bharatpur ward no. 1) expecting upgrading/black topping Thimura-Ramnagar graveled road from the project. 61. Almost all HHs of the project area have access to electricity. However, far located settlements like Kafaldanda and Hilekharka have no connection of electricity. Rural electrification and improvement in existing electricity supply system by replacing old transmission line poles are the felt needs of local people of the project area. B.2.8 Gender 62. As in other areas of the country, most women of the project area are engaged in agriculture and household works, and few are engaged in petty business (operation of grocery, small hotel/restaurant, lodge), salaried jobs, saving credit activities and social works. Women of the area spend their most time in household chores such as collection of firewood, fodder, livestock care, fetching water, cooking, washing, food processing, house maintenance, hygiene and sanitation activities, bearing, rearing and caring of children and taking care of sick, elderly and other family members. Due to migration of male family members for employment in urban centers and abroad (foreign employment) most women of the area are over work loaded due to added management responsibilities regarding household activities, agriculture, livestock and social events. 63. The decision making process about economic activities is mostly done by both sexes. Land and property holding is dominated by the males in the area. However, due to the GoN policies, land ownership of women is increasing in the recent years. The role in decision making process among the indigenous people (Aadibasi/Janjati), particularly the Magar, Gurung and Tamang caste/ethnic groups is more influenced by women whereas it is more influenced by male in other caste/ethnic groups. Most of the household head consider women's suggestions regarding lending money and sale or purchase of fixed assets. Similarly, most household head consider their suggestions for enrolment of children in schools, marriage of children and some consider

Page | 17 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile women’s suggestion regarding starting new profession/business and giving birth. It seems that there are still some limitations regarding reproductive right of women and involvement in new business or profession from the household heads in the project area. Cash and valuable assets are normally kept by women however decision regarding its use is normally made by men. 64. The major issues of women of the project are unemployment, illiteracy and lack of self-confidence. There are several potential income generation activities for women in the area that could help them to generate employment as well as develop their self-confidence. The potential income generation activities for women of the area are poultry, livestock keeping, off-seasonal vegetable farming, operation of small businesses (petty business, teashop, hotel, lodge etc.), knitting/weaving and tailoring. B.3 Socioeconomic Status of the Project Affected Households 65. This section describes the socioeconomic status of project affected HHs (families) based on the findings of socioeconomic census survey of 136 directly affected households among the 253 total affected HHs of 5 municipalities of the project area. These HHs will be directly affected due to land and structure (house/cowshed) acquisition, and land use restriction on RoW. Of the 136 affected HHs, 55.9% are from ward no. 13 and 14 of Vyas Municipality, 30.9% are from Bandipur Rural Municipality, 7.4% are from Aanbookhaireni Rural Municipality, 5.1% from Devghat Rural Municipality and about 0.7% from Bharat Metropolitan (Table - 23). Table 23: Distribution of Project Affected Households Municipality/R. Municipality Project Affected Households No. % Aanbookhaireni Rural Municipality 10 7.4 Bandipur Rural Municipality 42 30.9 Devghat Rural Municipality 7 5.1 Vyas Municipality 76 55.9 Bharatpur Metropolitan 1 0.7 Total 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.1 Demographic Characteristics 66. Demographic characteristics of the affected households includes brief information on family type, population and households, family structure, broad age structure of the population, marital status, education, caste and ethnicity, language and religion of the affected households. B.3.1.1 Population and Households 67. The total population of the surveyed HHs is 843 including 49.7% female. The average HH size is 6.2 and sex ratio is 101. The family size is highest (6.6) in Devghat and lowest (5.5) in Aanbookhaireni (Table - 24). Table 24: Population Distribution of the Surveyed HHs Municipality/R. Municipality Population Households Male Female Total Sex Ratio Total Ave. HH Size Aanbookhaireni 30 25 55 120 10 5.5 Bandipur 127 128 255 99 42 6.1 Devghat 26 20 46 130 7 6.6 Vyas 237 244 481 97 76 6.3 Bharatpur 4 2 6 200 1 6.0 Total/Ave. 424 419 843 101 136 6.2 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.1.2 Family Structure 68. Of the surveyed HHs, 50.7% are living in nuclear family and 49.3% are living in joint family (Table - 25).

Page | 18 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 25: Project Affected Households by Family Structure Municipality/R. Municipality Family Type Nuclear Joint No. % No. % Aanbookhaireni 7 70.0 3 30.0 Bandipur 22 52.4 20 47.6 Devghat 4 57.1 3 42.9 Vyas 36 47.4 40 52.6 Bharatpur 0 0.0 1 100.0 Total 69 50.7 67 49.3 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.1.3 Broad Age Structure of the Population 69. Of the total population, 62.6% is in working age group (economically active, 20.9% is children population (up to 14 years) and 16.5% is aged (60 years and above) population (Table- 26). Table 26: Distribution of Surveyed Population by Broad Age Groups Broad Age Groups Total Population Municipality/R. Municipality 60 Years and Upto14 Years 15-59 Years Above Aanbookhaireni 13 31 11 55 Bandipur 58 159 38 255 Devghat 6 31 9 46 Vyas 97 305 79 481 Bharatpur 2 2 2 6 Total 176 528 139 843 Percent 20.9 62.6 16.5 Source: Household Survey, 2019 The Percent of working age group (62.6%) is higher than national level (57.0%). B.3.1.4 Marital Status 70. Of the total affected population, 54.9% is married, 38.1% is unmarried, 6.2% is widow/widower and 0.8is leaving separately from spouse (Table-27). Table 27: Distribution of Population by Marital Status Municipality/R. Municipality Marital Status Total Married Unmarried Widow(er) Separated Aanbookhaireni 37 15 3 55 Bandipur 129 103 19 4 255 Devghat 24 17 4 1 46 Vyas 269 184 26 2 481 Bharatpur 4 2 0 6 Total 463 321 52 7 843 Percent 54.9 38.1 6.2 0.8 100.0 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.1.5 Literacy Status and Educational Attainments 71. The literacy rate of the surveyed population is high in the project area (83.0%). Of the surveyed population, 17.0% are illiterate including 23.1% female and 11.0% male. The literacy rate of male is 89.0% while of female is 76.9% (Table -28). Table 28: Literacy Status (6 years and Above Population) Literacy Status Male Female Total No. % No. % No. % Illiterate 43 11.0 91 23.1 134 17.0 Literate 349 89.0 303 76.9 652 83.0 Total 392 100 394 100 786 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 72. The literacy rate of the surveyed population is high in the project area (83.0%). Of the surveyed population, 17.0% are illiterate including 23.1% female and 11.0% male. Of the population, 24.1% has attended lower secondary level education followed by primary (23.9%) level and secondary (16.7%) levels of education.

Page | 19 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Similarly, 11.8 % of the population has attended SLC. Only 2.1% and 0.8%of the population has attended bachelor and master levels of education respectively (Table- 29). Table 29: Educational Attainment among the Literate Population Educational Attainment Male Female Total No. % No. % No. % Literate only 24 6.9 35 11.6 59 9.0 Primary level 80 22.9 76 25.1 156 23.9 Lower secondary 85 24.4 72 23.8 157 24.1 Secondary 61 17.5 48 15.8 109 16.7 SLC 44 12.6 33 10.9 77 11.8 Intermediate 44 12.6 31 10.2 75 11.5 Bachelor 8 2.3 6 2.0 14 2.1 Masters and above 3 0.9 2 0.7 5 0.8 Total 349 100 303 100 652 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.1.6 Caste and Ethnic Composition 73. Altogether 8 different caste/ethnic groups are affected by the TLP. Magar (71.3%) is the highly affected caste/ethnic group in the project area. The other affected caste/ethnic groups of the area are Gurung (16.2%), Dalit (6.6%), Thakuri (2.9%), Brahmin (1.5%), Newar (0.7%) and Giri (0.7%). Among the affected caste/ethnic groups, 88.0% are indigenous peoples and 6.6% are Dalit (Table - 30). Table 30: Caste/Ethnicity of the Surveyed HHs Caste/Ethnicity Total HHs Magar 97 71.3 Gurung 22 16.2 Thakuri 4 2.9 Brahmin 2 1.5 Newar 1 0.7 Giri(Sannyasi) 1 0.7 Kami and Damai(Dalit) 9 6.6 Total 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.1.7 Migration 74. Of the HHs, 98.0% are permanent resident of the municipalities whereas 2.0% are migrant HHs. They have migrated from neighboring municipalities in the recent years (Table - 31). Table 31: Project Affected Households by Residency Status Municipality/R. Municipality Family Type Permanent Migrated Aanbookhaireni 10 Bandipur 42 Devghat 7 Vyas 74 2 Bharatpur 0 1 Total 133 3 Percent 98.0 2.0 Source: Household Survey, 2019 75. Almost 12.0% of the total population of all ages was found to be absent during the survey. Out of total absentees, 91.0% are male and 9.0% are female (Table-32).

Page | 20 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 32: Absentee Population during Survey Municipality/R. Municipality Absentee Population Male Female Total Aanbookhaireni 8 2 10 Bandipur 31 0 31 Devghat 2 2 4 Vyas 49 4 53 Bharatpur 1 1 2 Total 91 9 100 Percent of Total Population 10.7 1.06 11.76 Source: Household Survey, 2019 76. Of the total (100) absentee population in the affected project area, 86 persons are currently working abroad and 14 are working in other district in Nepal. The highest absentees are (47) in Vyas and lowest in Bharatpur (Table - 33). Table 33: Absentee Population with Outside Living Place Districts Absentee Population Total Working in Other District Working Abroad Aanbookhaireni 1 9 10 Bandipur 3 28 31 Devghat 4 0 4 Vyas 6 47 53 Bharatpur 0 2 2 Total 14 86 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.1.8 Language and Religion 77. Nepali is the common language of the people of the area. All the households of the project area speak Nepali. The other common languages of the area are Magar, Gurung and Newari. The project area is dominated by Hindu culture and religion. A few people of the area follow Buddhism, Christianity and Islam religions. B.3.2 Economic Characteristics 78. This section provides brief information regarding economic characteristics of the affected households by rural municipalities/municipalities. B.3.2.1 Occupation 79. The working age (economically active) population of the project area is engaged in different occupations. Agriculture is the main occupation of the surveyed HHs (34.1%) followed by foreign employment (13.5%), salaried jobs, business and others (Table - 34). Table 34: Occupational Composition of Surveyed Population (14 Years and Above) Male Female Total Main Occupation No. % No. % No. % Agriculture 84 24.3 150 44.1 234 34.1 Livestock Farming 4 1.2 8 2.4 12 1.7 Wage Labor (Nepal) 50 14.5 5 1.5 55 8.0 Wage Labor (Foreign Country) 44 12.7 2 0.6 46 6.7 Service (Nepal) 34 9.8 19 5.6 53 7.7 Service (Foreign Country) 38 11.0 2 0.6 40 5.8 Business 15 4.3 14 4.1 29 4.2 Study (Student) 49 14.2 55 16.2 104 15.2 Household Work 2 0.6 57 16.8 59 8.6 Old >70 yrs (Unable to Work) 26 7.5 28 8.2 54 7.9 Total 346 100 340 100 686 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.2.2 Ownership of House and Valuable Household Assets

80. Ownership of house and valuable household assets are indicators of economic well-being. To assess ownership of house and valuable household assets of the surveyed households (136) questions were asked. It is encouraging to note that 98.5% of the surveyed households have their own house where as 1.5% live in other’s house.

Page | 21 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile 81. Of the total households, 84.6%own Kacchi house and 15.4%own Pakki house (Table- 35).Average value of house is estimated NRs. 685,000. Table 35: Distribution of Houses by Type of House Municipality/R. Municipality House Type7 Kacchi Pakki N % N % Aanbookhaireni 7 70.0 3 30.0 Bandipur 39 92.9 3 7.1 Devghat 6 85.7 1 14.3 Vyas 63 82.9 13 17.1 Bharatpur 0 0.0 1 100 Total 115 84.6 21 15.4 Source: Household Survey, 2019 82. Mobile phone, television and cabinet are the common household assets owned by the project affected households. Of the households 98.5% own mobile phone, 47.0% own television and 30.1 % own cupboard. Similarly, 13.2% households own motorcycle/scooter, 10.3% own freeze /freezer and only 1.5% own other computer/printer (Table - 36). Table 36: Percent of Household having Household Assets Assets Ownership (%) Average Value (NRs.) Yes No Mobile phone 98.5 1.5 10,820 Television 47.0 53.0 17,500 Cabinet 30.1 69.9 7,800 Motorcycle/scooter 13.2 86.8 140,000 Freeze /freezer 10.3 89.7 16,000 Computer/printer 1.5 98.5 120,000 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.2.3 Food Security 83. The project area is food deficit area. Only 18.3% of the surveyed households could grow enough food for their annual consumption whereas 81.7% HHs could not grow enough food for their annual consumption (Table - 37). Topography, small holding, soil fertility, traditional methods of farming and shortage of labor are the governing factors for low production that cause food shortage. Table 37: Food Sufficiency of the Surveyed Households by Own Production Municipality/R. Municipality Sufficiency Yes No Total No. HHs Aanbookhaireni 4 6 10 Bandipur 7 35 42 Devghat 2 5 7 Vyas 12 64 76 Bharatpur 0 1 1 Total 25 111 136 Percent 18.3 81.7 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 84. Of the surveyed households, 46.8% reported food deficiency for 6-9 months and 24.3% reported deficiency for more than 9 months. Similarly, 26.1% reported food shortage for 3-5 months and 2.7% reported food shortage for less than three months (Table - 38).

7 Stone wall, mud or wooden floor with thatched or zinc roof. Pakki: Brick/stone wall, cemented floor with tiles or RCC roof.

Page | 22 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 38: Food Deficiency of the Surveyed Households Municipality/R. Municipality Food Deficit Months < 3 3-5 6-9 > 9 Total No. HHs Aanbookhaireni 1 3 2 6 Bandipur 8 16 11 35 Devghat 1 2 2 5 Vyas 2 17 34 11 64 Bharatpur 0 0 1 1 Total 3 29 52 27 111 Percent 2.7 26.1 46.8 24.3 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 85. Regarding food strategy of the surveyed households, 34.2% relay on remittance to cope the food deficiency. Similarly, 28.8% HHs depend on wage labor and 22.5% depend on salaried jobs (service) for fulfilling food requirements. However, a small Percent of the households relay on the income of selling fruits (10.0%) and income from petty business (6.0%). Therefore, it reveals that most of the project affected households are poor and depends heavily on income of remittance and wage labor for their subsistence (Table -39). Table 39: Strategy of the Surveyed Households to Cope the Food Deficiency Strategies Municipality/R. Wage Total Sell of Fruits Service Remittance Petty Business Municipality Labor HHs Aanbookhaireni 1 5 6 Bandipur 15 4 14 2 35 Devghat 4 1 5 Vyas 13 10 20 18 3 64 Bharatpur 1 1 Total 32 10 25 38 6 111 Percent 28.8 9.0 22.5 34.2 5.4 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.2.4 Family Debt 86. Family debt is another important indicator to assess economic status of a family. No debt or small amount of debt indicates healthy economic status of the family. However, it also depends on the purpose of the debt. Of the surveyed households, 37.5% reported family debt for various reasons (Table - 40). Table 40: Debt Status of the Surveyed Households Debt Status Municipality/R. Municipality Yes No Total No. of HHs Aanbookhaireni 2 8 10 Bandipur 15 27 42 Devghat 1 6 7 Vyas 33 43 76 Bharatpur 1 1 Total 51 85 136 Percent 37.5 62.5 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 87. About one third (31.4%) of the surveyed households have taken loan for house repairing. 19.6% of the households have used their loan for treatment and food/clothing respectively. Remaining 30 % have taken loan for other purpose like purchasing agriculture land (3.9%), education (7.8%), foreign job (5.0%) and business (Table- 41).

Page | 23 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 41: Reason for Taking Loan by the Surveyed Households Reason Municipality/R. Purchase Municipality House Agri. Health Foreign Start Food/ Total repair Land Treatment Education Job Business Clothing HHs Aanbookhaireni 2 2 Bandipur 7 1 3 2 1 1 15 Devghat 1 1 Vyas 6 2 9 1 3 3 9 33 Bharatpur Total 16 2 10 4 5 4 10 51 Percent 31.4 3.9 19.6 7.8 9.8 7.8 19.6 100 Source: Household Survey, 201 B.3.2.5 Income and Expenditure B.3.2.5.1 Income 88. The main source of income of the surveyed households is off-farm (non-agricultural) activities. Off-farm activities include salaried jobs, wage labor, remittance and others. The other sources of income are livestock and agriculture. The average household annual income of the surveyed HHs is NRs. 251,486. The contribution of non-agriculture sector is high (95.43%) in the total household income. Livestock contributes (3.72%) and agriculture contributes 0.85% in the total household income of the surveyed HHs. The highest (98.27%) non- agriculture income is from Devghat and lowest (84.16%) from Bharatpur (Table - 42). Table 42: Average Annual Income of Surveyed Households Municipality/R. Annual Average Income from Different Sources Municipality Agriculture Livestock Non-Agriculture Total NRs % NRs % NRs % NRs % Aanbookhaireni 14700 6.39 215300 93.61 230000 100 Bandipur 904 0.40 9950 4.38 216500 95.23 227354 100 Devghat 6000 1.73 341700 98.27 347700 100 Vyas 37500 12.84 8750 3.00 245700 84.16 291950 100 Bharatpur 324000 1000 324000 100 9,353 240,000 2,133 (0.85%) 251,486 Average (3.72%) (95.43%) Source: Household Survey, 2019 89. The share of remittance is 36.08% to the total household income of the affected households. Similarly, the other important sources of income of the surveyed households are service (23.68%), wage employment (15.53%) and business/trade/petty business. Further, pension and old age allowance and other sources of income also contributed to the household income of the affected households (Table - 43). Table 43: Average Annual Household Income by Income Source Income Source Ave. An. Income Percent Remittance 90,734 36.08 Service 59,551 23.68 Wage employment 39,045 15.53 Business/trade/ petty business(shop, retail shops) 27,110 10.78 Pension and old age allowance (Briddha Bhatta) 23,560 9.37 Animal Husbandry (Sale of animals, milk and milk products) 9,353 3.72 Agriculture Income (Net income from cereals, fruits/cash crop production) 2,133 0.85 Total 251,486 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 90. The contribution of agriculture could be low due to urban areas, subsistence nature of farming system and lack of labor due to foreign employment in the area. The contribution of livestock income is low in the total HH income. It could be increased as the area is potential for livestock development due to availability of grazing land and access to marketing. B.3.2.5.2 Expenditure 91. The expenditure of the affected households could be broadly categorized under two headings: expenditure on food items; and expenditure on non-food items. Non-food expenditure items, in turn, can be broadly grouped as fuel and light; clothing, kerosene and electricity); and other (education, medicine, clothing,

Page | 24 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile festivals, transportation).The average annual expenditure of the surveyed HHs is NRs. 164,434. As usual, food is the highest expenditure part (46.5%) of HH income followed by education (21.5%) and clothing in the municipalities. The other areas of expenditure of HH income are utilities, transportation, communication and regular medicines/treatments (Table - 44). Table 44: Average Annual Expenditure of the Surveyed Households Municipality/R. Expenditure Headings (%) Total Food Clothin Educati Transportati Water, Expend Communication Medicine Municipality Items g on on Fuel/Energy (NRs) Aanbookhaireni 52.9 10.9 16.4 4.1 6.1 6.3 3.3 131,330 Bandipur 48.3 11.3 21.5 5.7 4.2 5.7 3.3 148,503 Devghat 45.3 10.1 17.1 8.9 6.0 9.8 2.8 195,886 Vyas 45.2 10.8 22.1 6.5 4.7 7.5 3.1 173,726 Bharatpur 37.8 6.3 42.0 1.7 5.0 5.0 2.1 238,000 Percent/Ave. 46.5 10.9 21.5 6.2 4.7 7.1 3.1 164,434 Source: Household Survey, 2019 92. The households were asked regarding their required monthly household income in order to meet basic requirements of their family (food, clothing and other basic household requirements). Of the surveyed HHs, more than one third (39.7%) required monthly HH income of 10,000 to 15,000 in order to meet family’s basic food requirements. 24.3% of the household required more than 20,000 to meet family’s basic requirement. 19.1%and 16.9% have mentioned their requirement as 5,000to 10,000and 15,000to 20,000 respectively (Table - 45). Table 45: Required Monthly Income to Meet Family’s Basic Requirements Municipality/R. Municipality HHs by Required Monthly Income (NRs.) 5-10000 10-15000 15-20000 >20000 Total HHs Aanbookhaireni 3 6 1 10 Bandipur 3 23 8 8 42 Devghat 3 1 3 7 Vyas 17 22 16 21 76 Bharatpur 1 1 Total 23 54 26 33 136 Percent 16.9 39.7 19.1 24.3 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.3 Energy Sources B.3.3.1 Cooking Energy 93. Fuel wood and LPG are the main sources of energy for cooking for the affected HHs. Of the surveyed HHs, 64.7% use fuel wood8 and 35.4% use LPG as source of energy for cooking. The use of fuel-wood is high in Bandipur RM, Vyas Municipality and Aanbookhaireni RM. It could be due to distance to forest from the area (Table - 46). Table 46: Source of Energy of the Surveyed Households for Cooking Source Municipality/R. Municipality Fuel-wood LPG N % N % Aanbookhaireni 6 60.0 4 40.0 Bandipur 32 76.2 10 23.8 Devghat 2 28.5 5 71.5 Vyas 48 63.1 28 36.9 Bharatpur 1 100 Total 88 64.7 48 35.3 Source: Household Survey, 2019 94. The source of fuel wood for the surveyed households are community managed forest and private forest. 76.1% of the surveyed household’s source of fuel wood is from community managed forest and for remaining 23.9 %, the source of fuel wood is private forest. The source of fuel wood from community managed forest is

8Average monthly consumption of fuelwood is 240 kg per households

Page | 25 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile highest in Bandipur RM and lowest in Devghat RM. Similarly, the source of fuel wood from private forest is highest in Devghat RM and lowest in Bandipur RM (Table -47). Table 47: Source of Fuel Wood of the Surveyed Households Municipality/R. Municipality Source Community Forest Private Forest N % N % Aanbookhaireni 4 66.7 2 33.3 Bandipur 25 78.1 7 21.9 Devghat 1 50 1 50 Vyas 37 77.1 11 22.9 Bharatpur Total 67 76.1 21 23.9 B.3.3.2 Lighting Energy 95. All the 136 surveyed households use electricity as source of lighting. B.3.4 Agriculture 96. Subsistence farming is the main stay of livelihood for most of the surveyed households of the project area. Traditional methods of agriculture, lack of manpower, lack of technical knowledge, poor soil fertility, lack of irrigation, crop loss due to diseases, pests and wild animals, and natural calamity are the governing factors for low agricultural production in the project area. Orange is an important cash crop of the area that is significantly contributing to the local economy and help to address the food requirements of the local people. Therefore the project area is food deficit area. Food grains are purchased by the local people from local markets such as Damauli, Aanbookhaireni, Bandipur and Bharatpur or from local farmers. This section briefly describes about landholding, crop production, livestock holding and horticulture practices of the project affected households of the area. B.3.4.1 Landholding 97. Land is a primary asset for livelihoods in the project area as in other rural parts of Nepal. Land ownership is also symbolic of economic and social status. In Nepalese society, land is regarded a permanent and secure productive asset, and it is inherited. The surveyed households own and operate 101.28 ha land. This land consists mainly of three types i.e. Khet (lowland-irrigated and un-irrigated), Bari/Pakho (upland) and Thatch land (uncultivated land). The average land holding size of the affected HHs is 0.74 ha. The highest landholding size is 0.94 ha in Devghat and lowest (0.03ha) in Bharatpur (Table - 48). Table 48: Landholdings of the Surveyed Households by Type of Land Municipality/R. Irri. Khet Un-Irri. Bari/Pakho Total HH Thatch (ha) ha/HH Municipality (ha) Khet (ha) (ha) (ha) Aanbookhaireni 10 1.97 0 4.63 0.30 6.90 0.69 Bandipur 42 2.14 2.39 21.34 3.72 29.59 0.70 Devghat 7 1.93 1.15 3.47 6.55 0.94 Vyas 76 7.22 7.51 37.66 5.82 58.21 0.77 Bharatpur 1 0.03 0.03 0.03 Total /Average 136 13.26 11.05 67.13 9.84 101.28 0.74 Source: Household Survey, 2019 98. Of the total households (136 HH), 63.24% are small land holders farm size ranging from 0.5 ha to 2.0 ha and 35.29% are marginal farmers having farm size up to 0.5 ha. Only few (1.47%) households have large landholding size of greater than 4.0 ha (Table-49).

Page | 26 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 49: Distribution of Households by Landholding Size Landholding Categories9 Households Total Landholding Category Size of Holding (ha) No. % Area (ha) % Marginal Up to 0.5 48 35.29 15.70 15.50 0.5 – 1.0 64 47.06 45.10 44.53 Small 1.0 - 1.5 13 9.56 14.99 14.80 1.5 – 2.0 9 6.62 15.48 15.28 Medium 2.0 - 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Large > 4.0 ha. 2 1.47 10.01 9.88 Total 136 100 101.28 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 99. Of the total land owned by the surveyed households,71.74 ha is owned by male headed households and 29.54 ha is owned by female headed households in the project area. The average land holding of male headed household is 0.74 ha and female headed household is 0.75 ha (Table - 50). Table 50: Landholding by Sex of Household Head Landholding Categories Number of Households Total Area Average Holding per (ha) Household (ha) Category Size of Male- Female- Male- Female- Male- Female- Holding headed headed headed headed headed headed (ha) Marginal Up to 0.5 35 13 10.77 4.93 0.31 0.38 Small 0.50 - 1.00 44 20 30.29 14.8 0.69 0.74 1.00 - 1.50 6 7 6.71 8.28 1.12 1.18 1.50 - 2.00 8 1 13.96 1.53 1.75 1.53 Medium 2.00 - 4.00 Large > 4.0 ha. 2 10.01 5.01 Total 95 41 71.74 29.54 0.74 0.75 Source: Household Survey, 2019 100. Altogether 8 different caste/ethnic groups own land in the project area. Of them, indigenous peoples (88.2%) own and operate91.1 ha (90.75%) of the total land owned by the surveyed households. Similarly, 6.6% Dalit (6.6%) own and operate 4.37ha (4.31%) and other caste/ethnic groups (5.1%) own and operate5.0 ha (4.94%) of the total land owned by the surveyed households (Table - 51). Table 51: Landholding by Caste/Ethnicity of the Affected Households Caste/Ethnic Group Total HHs Percent Total Landholding Average per Area (ha) % HH (ha) Magar 97 71.3 73.72 72.79 0.76 Gurung 22 16.2 17.17 16.95 0.78 Thakuri 4 2.9 3.17 3.13 0.79 Brahmin 2 1.5 1.06 1.05 0.53 Newar 1 0.7 1.02 1.01 1.02 Giri/Sannyasi 1 0.7 0.77 0.76 0.77 Kami &Damai (Dalit) 9 6.6 4.37 4.31 0.49 Total 136 100 101.28 100 0.74 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.4.2 Crop Production 101. Paddy, maize and millet are the main crops cultivated by the surveyed households. Other crops include potato and pulses. In terms of area coverage, maize is highest followed by paddy, pulses, millet and potato. The total production of paddy is highest followed by maize, pulses, millet and potato (Table- 52).

9Landholding categories based on Rural Credit Review Study 1991/92, Nepal Rastra Bank (Central Bank of Nepal), 1993.

Page | 27 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 52: Major Crop Area Coverage, Production and Yield Major Crops Description Paddy Maize Millet Potato Pulses Total area cropped (ha) 22.4 31.7 4 0.46 12.5 Khet (ha) 15.2 Bari (ha) 7.2 31.7 4 0.46 12.5 Total production (MT) 63.5 58.2 4.8 1.7 8.7 Yield (MT/ha) 2.8 1.8 1.2 3.7 0.7 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.4.3 Horticulture 102. Some of the surveyed households of the project area grow fruits such as orange, mango, banana, guava, peach, peer, lemon and other citrus species as commonly grown in hills of Nepal. However, except orange and banana these fruits are mainly grown for self-consumption by the households. Please refer qualitative data of last of this baseline report. B.3.4.4 Livestock 103. Livestock is an integral part of farming system of the surveyed households. Of the surveyed households, 80.8% have livestock. The Percent of households having livestock is high (84.2%) in Vyas Municipality and low (57.1%) in Devghat (Table - 53). Table 53: Percent of Households having Livestock Municipality/R. Municipality Livestock Yes No Total HHs Aanbookhaireni 70.0 30.0 10 Bandipur 83.3 16.7 42 Devghat 57.1 42.9 7 Vyas 84.2 15.8 76 Bharatpur 0.0 100 1 All 80.8 19.2 136 Source: Household Survey, 2019 104. Livestock such as buffalo, cattle, goats/sheep and pigs are commonly reared by the surveyed households. Similarly, keeping fowl is also common in the area. Of the surveyed households, highest % (76) of livestock reared is goat/sheep followed by ox (13.7%), cattle (7.1%) and Buffalo. No household rare livestock in Bharatpur Metropolitan (Table - 54). Table 54: Livestock Population by Type

Municipality/R. Livestock Municipality Cattle Ox Buffalo Goat/Sheep Total Average per Fowls HH Aanbookhaireni 2 10 2 51 65 7 44 Bandipur 42 44 4 261 351 8 109 Devghat 2 9 4 45 60 9 7 Vyas 29 81 23 442 575 8 239 Total 75 144 33 799 1051 8 399 Percent 7.1 13.7 3.1 76.0 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.5 Drinking Water, Sanitation and Health 105. Drinking water, sanitation and health are interlinked. Availability of potable water has significant impact on health and sanitation status of people. An attempt has been made to document the status of drinking water, sanitation and health in the project area below. B.3.5.1 Drinking Water 106. The major sources of drinking water for the households of the area are piped water and spring. Of the surveyed HHs, 50.7% are using public tap, 39 % are using private tap and 10.3% are using spring for drinking water (Table- 55). Table 55: Source of Drinking Water of the Surveyed Households Municipality/R. Municipality Source Page | 28 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Private Tap Public Tap Spring N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 4 40.0 6 60.0 Bandipur 11 26.2 30 71.4 1 2.4 Devghat 4 57.1 3 42.9 Vyas 34 44.7 29 38.1 13 17.0 Bharatpur 0 1 100 Total 53 39.0 69 50.7 14 10.3 Source: Household Survey, 2019 107. There is shortage of drinking water during dry season in the project area. Of the surveyed households, 22.4% in Vyas and 7.1% in Bandipur have reported that there is no fulfillment of drinking water demand by the existing sources. In case of Aanbookhaireni, Devghat and Bharatpur, the exiting sources are enough for fulfillment of drinking water demand (Table-56). Table 56: Fulfillment of Drinking Water Demand from Existing Sources Fulfillment Municipality/R. Municipality Yes No Total N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 10 100 10 100 Bandipur 39 92.9 3 7.1 42 100 Devghat 7 100 7 100 Vyas 59 77.6 17 22.4 76 100 Bharatpur 1 100 1 100 Total 116 85.3 20 14.7 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 108. Regarding the quality of drinking water of the existing sources, 69.1 % have mentioned that the quality of drinking water is good whereas 30.9% has mentioned as average. The highest percent (81.5%) of the surveyed household in Devghat had reported that the quality of drinking water of the existing sources is good (Table - 57). Table 57: Quality of Drinking Water of the Existing Sources Quality of Drinking Water Municipality/R. Municipality Good Average Total N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 8 80.0 2 20.0 10 100 Bandipur 33 78.5 9 21.5 42 100 Devghat 5 81.5 2 28.5 7 100 Vyas 48 63.1 28 36.9 76 100 Bharatpur 1 100 1 100 Total 94 69.1 42 30.9 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.5.2 Sanitation 109. It is encouraging note that almost all the surveyed household of the affected area are aware of using toilets for personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. All surveyed households have their own toilet and use it. 110. There are three methods of solid waste disposal in the project affected area. More than half of the surveyed households have disposed the solid waste by burning. 39 % households disposed the solid waste by dumping at safe location and 2.2 % had buried the solid waste for disposal. The dumping method is more common in Aanbookhaireni whereas in Bandipur the burning method is common (Table-58).

Page | 29 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 58: Methods of Solid Waste Disposal Practice Location Municipality/R. Dump at Safe Location Burn Buried Municipality N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 7 70.0 3 30.0 Bandipur 11 26.1 31 73.9 Devghat 7 100 Vyas 35 46.0 38 50.0 3 4.0 Bharatpur 1 Total 53 39.0 80 58.8 3 2.2 Source: Household Survey, 2019 111. Two third (65.9%) of the surveyed households have disposed the liquid waste directly to their Khet/Bari. 27.2 % have disposed the liquid waste in open drain whereas only 5.9 % have used closed drain for liquid waste disposal (Table -59). Table 59: Methods of Liquid Waste Disposal Location Municipality/R. Municipality Closed Drain (Sewerage) Open Drain Flows to Khet/Bari N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 2 20.0 2 20.0 6 60.0 Bandipur 3 7.1 10 23.8 29 69.1 Devghat 2 28.5 5 71.5 Vyas 3 3.9 23 30.2 50 65.9 Bharatpur 1 100 Total 8 5.9 37 27.2 91 66.9 Source: Household Survey, 2019

B.3.5.3 Health 112. To assess health status of the family members of the affected HHs, an attempt was made to collect data on seriously sick family members during the last 12 months. Only, 5.1% of the surveyed HHs reported seriously sick family during the period (Table - 60). Table 60: Household Reporting Seriously Sick Family Members within One Year Sick Municipality/R. Municipality Yes No Total N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 10 100 10 100 Bandipur 2 4.8 40 95.2 42 100 Devghat 7 100 7 100 Vyas 5 6.6 71 93.4 76 100 Bharatpur 1 100 1 100 Total 7 5.1 129 94.9 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 113. The major diseases caused seriously sick to the family members reported as diabetes, jaundice, lung problem, heart disease, asthma and pneumonia (Table-61). Almost all the surveyed households said they go to health-post and hospitals of the area for treatment. Table 61: Reported Major Diseases by the Households Type of Diseases No of HHs Diabetes 1 Jaundice 1 Lungs disease 1 Heart disease 1 Gallstones 1 Asthma 1 Pneumonia 1 Source: Household Survey, 2019

Page | 30 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile B.3.6 Knowledge and Attitude of the Affected HHs Regarding the Project 114. Of the surveyed households, 52.2% have knowledge about the TLP whereas 47.8% not (Table - 62). The sources of information are radio, television, newspaper, neighbors, project employees and project activities in the field. Table 62: Knowledge about the Transmission Line Project Knowledge Municipality/R. Municipality Yes No N % N % Aanbookhaireni 6 60.0 4 40.0 Bandipur 18 42.9 24 57.1 Devghat 5 71.4 2 28.6 Vyas 41 53.9 35 46.1 Bharatpur 1 100 Total 71 52.2 65 47.8 Source: Household Survey, 2019 115. Of the surveyed households 74.0% have positive opinion, 4.0% have negative opinion and 8.0% have neutral opinion towards the project (Table - 63).The reasons for negative opinion are construction of TL will destroy fruit trees, loss of land, effect on house and electric hazards. Table 63: Opinion towards the Project Municipality/R. Opinion Municipality Positive Negative Neutral No Response N % N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 7 70 2 20 1 10 Bandipur 33 78.6 2 4.8 3 7.1 4 9.5 Devghat 5 71.4 2 28.6 Vyas 55 72.4 4 5.3 6 7.9 11 14.5 Bharatpur 1 100 Total 101 74.0 6 4.0 11 8.0 18 13.0 Source: Household Survey, 2019 116. To assess expectations of the surveyed HHs from the project questions were asked. Of the surveyed households, 61.0% expecting good compensation, 22.1% expecting employment and 16.9% expecting local development from the project. The highest (68.4%) expectation regarding the good compensation is from Vyas Municipality followed by Bandipur RM (57.1%), Aanbookhaireni RM (50%) and Devghat (28.6%) RM. The highest (57.1%) employment opportunity expected from Devghat RM and lowest (17.1%) from Vyas Municipality (Table - 64). Table 64: Expectation from the Project Expectation Municipality/R.Municipality Good Employment Local Total Compensation Opportunity Development N % N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 5 50.0 3 30.0 2 20.0 10 100 Bandipur 24 57.1 10 23.8 8 19.0 42 100 Devghat 2 28.6 4 57.1 1 14.3 7 100 Vyas 52 68.4 13 17.1 11 14.5 76 100 Bharatpur 1 100 1 100 Total 83 61.0 30 22.1 23 16.9 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.7 Compensation 117. To know views of the affected households regarding compensation for loss of land/assets and other private property and use of compensation questions were asked. This section describes views of the affected households regarding compensation and its use. The households were asked regarding their willingness to receive compensation in cash or kind for loss of their private property. Of the surveyed households, 85.3 are willing to receive cash compensation. However, 14.0% are willing to receive land for land and 0.7% willing to receive house for house. The highest (95.2%) expectation for cash compensation is from Bandipur and the lowest (71.4%) from Devghat (Table - 65).

Page | 31 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile Table 65: Expected Type of Compensation by the Surveyed Households Municipality/R. Municipality Expectation Type of Compensation Cash Land for Land House for Total House N % N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 8 80 2 20 10 100 Bandipur 40 95.2 1 2.4 1 2.4 42 100 Devghat 5 71.4 2 28.6 7 100 Vyas 63 82.9 13 17.1 76 100 Bharatpur 1 100 1 100 Total 116 85.3 19 14.0 1 0.7 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 118. The surveyed HHs were asked if they will receive cash compensation how they will use it. Of the HHs, 66.2% said purchase land (66.2%), 15.4% said repayment of loan, 12.5% said new house construction and 5.9% said they starting business (Table - 66). Table 66: Use of Cash Compensation by the Surveyed Households Municipality/R. Use of Compensation Municipality Buy Land Build House Start Business Repay Loan Total N % N % N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 6 60.0 2 20.0 1 10.0 1 10.0 10 100 Bandipur 21 50.0 9 21.4 4 9.5 8 19.0 42 100 Devghat 7 100.0 7 100 Vyas 55 72.4 6 7.9 3 3.9 12 15.8 76 100 Bharatpur 1 100 1 100 Total 90 66.2 17 12.5 8 5.9 21 15.4 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019 B.3.8 Relocation 119. The surveyed households (136 HH) were asked about the willingness for relocation. Most of the households (66.9%) reported that they are not willing to relocate whereas 33.1%households are willing to relocate from their place (Table - 67). However, relocation is not required in TLP. Table 67: Households Willingness for Relocation Willingness Municipality/R. Municipality Yes No No. Percent No. Percent Aanbookhaireni 6 60.0 4 40.0 Bandipur 8 19.0 34 81.0 Devghat 6 85.7 1 14.3 Vyas 25 32.9 51 67.1 Bharatpur 0.0 1 100 Total 45 33.1 91 66.9 Source: Household Survey, 2019 120. The reasons for not willing relocation as reported by the surveyed households are birth place (63.7%), better livelihood opportunities (24.2%) and close with relatives (12.1%) in the area (Table-68). Table 68: Reason for Not Willing Relocation Reasons Municipality/R. Municipality Birth Place Better Livelihood Close with Relatives No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent Aanbookhaireni 3 75.0 1 25.0 Bandipur 20 58.8 8 23.5 6 17.6 Devghat 1 100 Vyas 34 66.7 13 25.5 4 7.8 Bharatpur 1 100 Total 58 63.7 22 24.2 11 12.1 Source: Household Survey, 2019

Page | 32 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Socioeconomic Information and Profile B.3.9 Major Problems of the Households 121. The 136HHs were asked regarding their major problems in the project area. More than half (55.9%) mentioned that unemployment as the major problem. The other reported problems are education (16.2%), poverty (14.7%) and poor infrastructure 13.2% (Table-69). Table 69: Major Problems Stated by Surveyed Households Major Problems of Society Municipality/R. Poor Unemployment Education Poverty Total Municipality Infrastructures N % N % N % N % N % Aanbookhaireni 4 40.0 2 20.0 4 40.0 10 100 Bandipur 25 59.5 7 16.7 3 7.1 7 16.7 42 100 Devghat 3 42.9 3 42.9 1 14.3 7 100 Vyas 43 56.6 9 11.8 16 21.1 8 10.5 76 100 Bharatpur 1 100 1 100 Total 76 55.9 18 13.2 22 16.2 20 14.7 136 100 Source: Household Survey, 2019

Page | 33 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation CHAPTER IV: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. GENERAL 122. As key stakeholders in development, the citizens have the right to know and to be involved in information exchange and decision-making process that affects their lives, resources and properties from the initial stage of a development project. The Right to Information Act 2064 BS (2007) and Right to Information Rules, 2065 BS (2009) are the main legal provisions to protect right of the citizen to be well-informed that could make adverse impact on the interest of the nation and citizen. The government has formed an Independent National Information Commission for protection, promotion and practice of right to information. Stakeholder's participation, consultation and information dissemination from the initial stage of project/program development is vital to reduce misunder- standings and successful implementation of a project or program. When the public is well informed and motivated, project/program implementation could be trouble-free. Considering this, the study has given emphasis on community participation, consultation and information dissemination throughout the preparation of this RIPP. B. PROCEDURE OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 123. PRA and FGD were used as the main qualitative research techniques for stakeholder consultation and information dissemination. Similarly, KIIs, census survey (HH survey), market survey and informal meetings/consultations with key stakeholders of the project area were the other techniques of stakeholder consultation and information dissemination. During the consultations, the participants requested to express their views, concerns and issues regarding the project as well as they were informed regarding the project and its activities. Information such as project purpose, project type, impact area, likely impacts and potential opportunities due to the project implementation were informed to the public during the consultations. Topic guides, checklists and HH survey questionnaire were used as key tools for stakeholder consultation (Annex - II). 124. Altogether 14 PRAs including seven at ward level and seven at settlement level (one ward level and one settlement level PRA in each affected ward) of the municipalities conducted. Similarly, 7 FGDs (one in each affected ward) including 3 with male group and 4 with female group were conducted. The participants of the FGD were indigenous people, women and Dalit of the project area. The participants of the PRA and FGD were purposively selected with the help of local leaders, social workers, elected leaders and teachers of the area. Further, 14 KIIs were conducted with key persons of the project area representing Ward Chairpersons, Ward Members, businessmen, local leaders and government employees. Informal meeting/consultations were conducted with Mayors, Ward Chairperson, Ward Members, government officials and local leaders and social workers of the project area for project information dissemination and required information collection. Altogether 244 participants including 44.7% female representing indigenous peoples, vulnerable groups and others had participated in the PRAs and FGDs. Of the participants, 78.3% were indigenous peoples representing highly marginalized (Chepang) to advanced Newar groups. Agriculture (74.2%) was the main occupation of the participants (Table - 70 and Annex - III). Table 70: Total Number of PRA and FGD Participants

Description Number Percent Sex Male 135 55.3 Female 109 44.7 Total 244 100 Caste/Ethnicity Brahmin 31 12.7 Chhetri 7 2.9 Newar 8 3.3 Gurung 71 29.1 Magar 97 39.8 Bhujel 7 2.9 Giri 3 1.2 Chepang 7 2.9 Shah (Tarai) 1 0.4 Yadav (Tarai) 1 0.4 Darai 1 0.4 Kami 5 2.0 Damai 5 2.0 Total 244 100 Occupation

Page | 34 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation Description Number Percent Agriculture 181 74.2 Business 22 9.0 Service 28 11.5 Teaching 11 4.5 Driving 1 0.4 Lawyer 1 0.4 Total 244 100 C. KEY ISSUES/CONCERNS RAISED DURING STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 125. Almost all the people of the project area had positive attitude regarding the project and assured extending full support and cooperation regarding construction of the TL. They suggested the project should be started soon and completed as per its schedule. During the stakeholder consultations, the public raised several issues and concerns. The major issues, concerns and suggestions of stakeholders received during stakeholder consultation are reasonable compensation for loss of land and other property, compensation of land under RoW, employment, training for income generation (agricultural/off-farm) particularly to women, electrification, upgrading/black topping of existing access road, avoiding settlements, residential structures and potential residential areas while fixing the route alignment of the TL, plantation, and support for community development (drinking water, support to schools and health-posts, community awareness), coordination with local people and maintaining transparency in project activities during construction. The major issues/concerns raised during consultation process by the stakeholders as per their nature broadly categorized as: 1) compensation, 2) livelihood, 3) community support, 4) environment and 5) others. The key issues/concerns raised by the local people during community consultations are summarized in Table - 71 below and details are provided in Annex - IV. Table 71: Summery of Key Issues and Concerns

Key Areas of Concerns Details of Issues/Concerns  Provide reasonable compensation 1. Compensation  Provide compensation at prevailing market rate  Provide compensation of land under RoW  Provide employment to local people 2. Livelihood  Provide employment to affected HHs  Provide skill training for income generation activities (vegetable, livestock, poultry)  Provide improved farming training  Support for irrigation  Support for upgrading/black topping access road 3. Community Support  Support for drinking water  Support schools for drinking water  Support for education of girl child (incentive, scholarship)  Provide awareness training to parents for education to children  Support schools for replacing corrugated sheets  Support health-posts for medicine  Electrification  Replace old electric poles  Provide women empowerment training  Avoid settlement and residential areas 4. Environment  Loss of forest  Protect orange garden while fixing TL alignment  Support for plantation  Provide free electricity to the effected HHs 5. Others  Timely completion of the T/L Project  Provide information to community about the TL project.  Risk to houses under RoW  TL will affect radio frequency  Coordination with local people during construction  Transparency of project activities  Provide project share to local people in the project

Page | 35 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation 126. The above issues and concerns raised by the public should be addressed through different mechanism and support system. Major areas of concerns of the stakeholders pertain to compensation, supports for their livelihood, proper information/communication, avoiding and minimizing as possible negative impacts and their participation at different stages of the project implementation. In addition, the stakeholders have demanded several community support programs as an enhancement measure to improve their livelihood and their socioeconomic status. 127. Construction of TL is one of the major issue/challenge of hydropower development in Nepal since it has linear impact of long term and reduces land value of land particularly of potential residential areas and land under RoW (land use restriction, no collateral by bank/credit institutions. As there are several proposed and under construction 220 kV and 400 kV TL projects by the government (NEA, ETP of MCA-Nepal) and private developers in Gandaki and Marsyangdi Corridors and TL route alignments are selected/proposed in the project district/municipalities, people of the are more aware regarding pros and cons of TL project. It seems important for the project and public to sit together and come up with consensus regarding the areas of supports those they might be provided. Therefore, with due consideration of the issues and concerns of public of the project area, the project should be implemented as soon as possible. D. CONTINUATION OF CONSULTATION PROCESS 128. Regular public consultations and information dissemination to the public, is the best strategic approach for the project to get support and cooperation from public at different stages of project cycle i.e. design, implementation and post implementation as well as address public grievances. Therefore, the consultation process will be continued during the entire project period. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be established for addressing the grievances of affected people. All the genuine issues/concerns raised by the local people will be collected and addressed accordingly by the project. In addition, monthly reporting in Nepali will ensure that the public and stakeholders are well informed regarding the project activities. It will help to avoid and minimize losses and enhanced participation of the people at different forums. The role of Project and GRM will be crucial to identify and listen issues raised by the people, address them properly in close and continued consultation process. Continued consultations with the public, therefore, seem to be the most strategic approach for the project to discuss and decide areas of supports.

Page | 36 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Grievance Redress Mechanism

CHAPTER V: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

129. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be established to allow project affected persons/households (PAPs/HHs) to appeal any disagreeable decisions, practices and activities arising from compensation for land and assets. The PAPs/HHs will be made fully aware of their rights and the procedures. There is the potentiality for two types of grievances: grievances related to land acquisition and resettlement requirements, and grievances related to compensation or entitlement. The PAPs/HHs will have access to both locally constructed grievances redress committees specified and formal courts of appeal system. Under the latter system every PAP/HH can appeal to the court if they feel that they are not compensated appropriately. They may appeal to appellate court within 35 days of the public notice given to them. 130. Grievance recording register will be maintained at the Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Cell established at the project site. Project affected people as well as local people can lodge their complaints related to assets acquisition and construction activities to the Cell. Special project grievance mechanisms such as on site provision of complain hearings allows project affected people/HHs and communities to interface and get fair treatment on time. The project authority will ensure that funds are delivered on time to CDC and the implementing partners for timely payment of compensation and preparation and implementation of social activities, as applicable. The compensation issues and rehabilitation measures will be completed before beginning of major construction works. The PAPs/HHs and community will be exempted from all administrative fees incurred, pursuant to the grievance redress procedures except for cases filed in court. Proposed mechanism for grievance resolution is given below: Stage- 1 131. Complaints of APs/HHs and community on any aspect of compensation, relocation, or unaddressed losses of private and community property shall in first instance be settled verbally or in written form in the field based project office. The complaint can be discussed in a meeting between the PAPs/HHs and the Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Cell of the project. This cell will be created within the ESMU with vertical linkage with THL. The Cell will be solely responsible to be in close contact with all affected people and public and hear, record, and formally file their complaints in the registers on a regular basis. The Cell will resolve the issues at the field level in close coordination with the construction Contractor and APs within 7 days of the received of the grievances. If the complaint remained unresolved at field level the ESMSP will forward the complaint to the second level of GRM. Stage -2 132. If the grievances are not solved at the local level within 7 days, the ESMU will take over the case forwarded by the local Cell to further interact and negotiate to resolve the issues with the APs/ HHs. While lodging the grievances to the ESMU, the APs PAP/HHs and community may produce documents to support their grievances. The ESMU supported by the ESMSP will made field observation and discuss the issues with concerned R/Municipality and APs/HHs. Those issues thus brought to the ESMU will be resolved within 15 days from the date of the complaint received. The chief of ESMU along with the Social Safeguard Specialist and Public Relation Officer of ESMSP will play active role to resolve the issues. Stage -3 133. If no understanding or amicable solution reached or no response from the ESMU, the PAPs/HHs or community can appeal to the CDC, particularly if the issue is related with loss of private assets and compensation. As a formal body with legal standing, all other relevant complaints/ grievances not resolved at earlier stages, may also be registered with CDCs for timely resolution. While lodging the complaint, the PAPs/HHs and community shall produce documents to support their claim. The CDC after close coordination with THL will provide the decision within 30 days of the receipt of the appeal. Stage -4 134. If the PAPs/HHs and local community are not satisfied with the decision of CDC or in absence of any response of its representatives, within 35 days of the complaint, the PAPs/HHs and community may submit its case to the district court. The decision of the court will be acceptable to both Parties. 135. Though there are 4 stages of GRM mentioned here, the APs/HHs will have full rights to approach to the appropriate Courts of law with their grievances at any stages of the process.

Page | 37 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Legal Framework

CHAPTER VI: LEGAL FRAMEWORK

A. GENERAL 136. The policy, legal framework, resettlement principles and entitlements in the RIPP are based on GoN policy, acts and regulations; DB Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS); and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010.The proponent will be responsible for fulfilling the legal requirement of GoN, the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) and JICA Guidelines while implementing the RIPP. The proponent will obey and follow if any other legal provisions besides those already mentioned in this chapter are attracted due to various activities that will be undertaken as part of the project. This chapter focuses on brief description of the existing policy, legal and administrative framework within which the RIPP of the 200 kV Transmission Line Project will be implemented. B. CONSTITUTION, PLAN AND POLICIES B.1 Constitution of Nepal 137. Article 25 of the Constitution of Nepal, Right relating to Property, states that “(1) Every citizen shall, subject to law, have the right to acquire, own, sell, dispose, acquire business profits from, and otherwise deal with, property. Provided that the State may levy tax on property of a person, and tax on income of a person in accordance with the concept of progressive taxation. Explanation: For the purposes of this Article, "property" means any form of property including movable and immovable property and includes an intellectual property right. (2) The State shall not, except for public interest, requisition, acquire, or otherwise create any encumbrance on, property of a person. Provided that this clause shall not apply to any property acquired by any person illicitly. (3) The basis of compensation to be provided and procedures to be followed in the requisition by the State of property of any person for public interest in accordance with clause (2) shall be as provided for in the Act. (4) The provisions of clauses (2) and (3) shall not prevent the State from making land reforms, management and regulation in accordance with law for the purposes of enhancement of product and productivity of lands, modernization and commercialization of agriculture, environment protection and planned housing and urban development. (5) Nothing shall prevent the State from using the property of any person, which it has requisitioned for public interest in accordance with clause (3), for any other public interest instead of such public interest." 138. Article 30 (1) mentioned that every citizen has the right to live in a clean and healthy environment. Under state policy, Article 51 (5) mentioned that by increasing awareness of the public regarding environmental cleanness, minimizing the risk of industrial and physical development on environment conservation, promotion and sustainable use of forest, wildlife, birds, flora and biodiversity. Article 51 (6) explains about applying appropriate minimization or mitigation measures for negative impact on nature, environment or biodiversity. Article 18 (3) stated that discrimination shall not be on the grounds origin, religion, race, caste, ethnicity, gender, sex, economic status, language, region, ideological conviction or any of these. Provided that nothing shall be deemed to prevent the making special provision by law for the protection, empowerment, or advancement of women, Dalit, indigenous people Aadibasi/Janjati, Madeshi, Tharu, Muslim, suppressed group, ethnic minority, marginalized group, farmer, labor, youth, children, elder citizen, gender minority, disable, pregnant, helpless, remote area or poor Khas Arya. Article 18 (4) mentioned that there shall be no discrimination with regard to remuneration for same kind of work and social security on the basis of gender. B.2 Five Year Plan (FY 2076/77-2080/81) 139. GoN has indorsed 15th Five-Year Plan (2019-20 to 2023-24) prepared by National Planning Commission in February, 2020. This is the first 5 year’s periodic plan being implemented by the Federal Government of Nepal. The national goal of the 15th Five Year Plan will be a foundation plan of achieving long-term national goal of “Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali”. The plan has target to achieve annual economic growth rate of 10.3% and increase per capita income from US$ 1047 to US$ 1595. The goal of the plan is to achieve economic prosperity, social development, business facilitation through hydropower development. The government has given high priority for hydropower projects in the plan period. The plan has emphasized to maintain clean environment, reducing air pollution, biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation. B.3 Land Acquisition, R& R Policy for Infrastructure Development Projects, 2071 BS (2015AD) 140. Realizing the need of a land acquisition, resettlement, and rehabilitation policy for infrastructure development projects for their smooth implementation, the GoN has endorsed this policy in 2015. It has provided clear guidelines to screen, assess, and plan land acquisition and resettlement aspects in development projects. The policy has the following major guiding principles:

Page | 38 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Legal Framework - Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible or minimized, exploring all available alternative project design. Where it is not possible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources. - Appropriate and adequate compensation for the loss of assets or income is a fundamental right of affected person; - Physically displaced people must be relocated with facilities such as school, health post, drinking water, security etc.; - Vulnerable groups such as Janjati/Aadibasi, Dalit, landless, women, especially women-headed households, poverty groups and senior citizens are entitled to special benefit and assistance packages in addition to compensation and resettlement; and - Affected persons should be assisted to restore at least their pre-project income and livelihood sources. The absence of legal title to land should not be a bar for compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation assistance. B.4 National Land Policy, 2075 BS (2019 AD) 141. The National Land Policy, 2019 was approved by the government on March 21, 2019 with a vision of sustainable management of land for development and prosperity. The goal of the policy is national economic prosperity and change in quality of life of people through judicious distribution of land, its optimum use and good governance. The objectives of the policy are to ensure land tenure, land ownership and land right; citizen’s access right to land; optimum use and management of land for environmental balance, food security, panned infrastructure development and secure human settlement; improvement in land valuation and taxation and, land market management; inductive environment for development projects for land acquisition and project cost reduction; and good governance in the areas of land management and land administration through advance geo- information system. B.5 National Forest Policy, 2075BS (2019 AD) 142. This policy was endorsed by the Ministry of Forests and Environment on the auspicious occasion of International Day of Forests. The objectives of the policy are to increase the productivity, production of forest resources and area and enhancement of environmental services. The policy emphasized the need for the development of unified watershed management, water and land conservation. Schedule 8.1 of the policy stated that land ownership of the national forest and conservation area forest lies with the central government of Nepal. The policy also mentioned that Central Government of Nepal can provide permission for the use of forest land for the national priority projects if other alternatives are not available following the provision of procedural guideline following the land for land compensation for the reduced area and compensatory plantation. The policy also stated that developer shall provide equal forest land to concerned forest office in coordination with province and local government. B.6 National Environment Policy 2076 (2019AD) 143. The National Environment Policy-2019 has endorsed by the GoN to control pollution, manage wastes and promote greenery so as to ensure citizens’ right to live in a fair and healthy environment. The policy aims to lessen and prevent all types of environment pollutions, manage wastes emanated from all sectors including home, industry and service, expand parks and greenery in urban area and ensure environment justice to the pollution affected population. The policy has specified special measures, including setup of effective systems for checking and reducing pollution of all types, encouragement for the use of environment-friendly technology in industry, hospital and vehicles, regulation of harmful pesticides in production and protection of human health from unauthorized food intake. The policy include promotion of solar stove, electric stove, bio-gas, improved stove, e- vehicles, hybrid vehicles and vehicles consuming clean energy, enforce pollution control certificates in industrial yields and replace plastic use through environment means. C. NEPAL RELEVANT ACTS C.1 Land Acquisition Act, 2034 BS (1977 AD) 144. It is the act to acquire land for the public purposes. Government can acquire land at any place in any quantity by giving the compensation pursuant to the act for the land required for any public purpose or for the operation of any development project initiated by government (Clause 3 and 4). To decide the amount of compensation, there shall be a CDC chaired by CDO. CDC includes Land Administrator or Chief of the Land Revenue Office, a representative of the District Development Committee and Project Chief. CDC is the main responsible body to determine the compensation of land. It has full authority to determine the amount of compensation payable to landowners. Any person who is not satisfied with the amount of compensation may file a complaint with the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Government of Nepal within fifteen days from the date of the issue of the notice of fixation of compensation, and, in such cases, the decision of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Page | 39 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Legal Framework the Government of Nepal shall be final determine the amount of compensation payable (Clause 25 sub-clause 7). CDO is the original jurisdiction in respect to offenses punishable under this act. CDO decision can be appealed in High Court. As per the Cluse4, Sub-clause 2 (A, B & C), GoN will not initiate the process of land acquisition without receiving written commitment from the institution for providing all the incurred expenses regarding land acquisition to the GoN with completion period and use of the acquired land. Clause 7 of the Act has provision for providing compensation of loss. As per the Cluse13 (Sub-rule 1) of the Act cash compensation should be provided for the acquired land. clause 13 (Sub-rule 2) has provision for formation of a Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) of following members: 1. Chief District Officer (CDO), 2. Land Administrator/Chief of Land Revenue Office, 3. Project Chief/person designated by the CDO and 4. Representative of concerned municipality or rural municipality. 145. The CDC is the main responsible body for compensation determination of land. It has full authority to determine the amount of compensation payable to landowners. Any person who is not satisfied with the amount of compensation may file a complaint with the Ministry of Home Affairs, GoN within fifteen days from the date of the issue of the notice of fixation of compensation, and, in such cases, the decision of the Ministry of Home Affairs, GoN shall be final determine the amount of compensation payable (Rule 25 Sub-rule 7). CDO is the original jurisdiction in respect to offenses punishable under this act. The Act assigns the CDO the sole responsibility of overseeing land acquisition process and activities and to deal with the grievances related to land acquisition and compensation. CDO decision can be appealed in the District Court within 35 days of the decision. 146. There are three methods/approaches for the valuation of assets: i) method adopted by the GoN, ii) community consensus valuation, and iii) direct negotiation. For the purpose of this project, the community consensus valuation method for land and asset valuation will be adopted, which includes determining the valuation of assets in consultation with the community/affected HHs. As part of this method, meetings with the local community members and representatives of the project affected households on the valuation of land and assets will be held and based on consensus valuation of assets will be made. This process will work through CDC for which the Project Manager or his/her designate (Senior Officer) will takes all the initiatives with consent from the CDC. This Act is useful for acquisition of land and other private property for the project. However, this Act is silent about the payment of compensation at prevailing market rate, which pose difficulty for the payment of compensation at present value. C.2 Land Reform Act, 2021 BS (1964 AD) 147. Another prevailing Act in Nepal related to land acquisition is The Lands Act, 2021 BS (1964 BS). This Act establishes the tiller's right to the land, which he/she is tilling. The Act additionally specifies the compensation entitlements of registered tenants on land sold by the owner or acquired for development purposes. The most recent amendment (2001) in the act established a rule that in case the state acquires land under tenancy, the tenant and the landlord will each been titled to 50% of the total compensation amount. Tenants are verified through a record of tenancy at the Land Revenue Office. The act is relevant in the compensation distribution modality. It specifies the compensation entitlements for the registered tenant. Where the tenancy right is legally established, the owner and tenant each will be entitled to 50% of the total compensation amount. C.3 Land Revenue Act 2034 (1977 AD) 148. Acquisition of land for development projects (i.e., public interest) involves transfer of land titles for which directly or indirectly the Land Revenue Act 2034 (1977 AD) comes into force. Rule 8 of this Act states that registration, change of ownership, termination of ownership right and maintenance of land records are done by local Land Revenue (Malpot) Office. Likewise, according to article 16 if the concerned owner did not pay land revenue for long period of time the government can collect revenue through auction of the concerned parcel. Land registration, transfer of titles and record are governed by this Act. C.4 National Foundation for Upliftment of Aadibasi/Janjati Act, 2058 BS (2002 AD) 149. This Act was authenticated in February 7, 2002 to establish and operate a Foundation as an autonomous body for upliftment of Aadibasi/Janjati for their social, economic and cultural development and upliftment of various Aadibasi/Janjati of Nepal and for their equal participation in the mainstream of national development. This Act came into force from Jesta 17, 2066 (May 29, 2009). The Act includes 5 chapters. Chapter 1, Rule 2, Clause a of the Act has defined "Aadibasi/Janjati" a tribe or community having its own mother language and traditional rites and customs, distinct cultural identity, distinct social structure and written or unwritten history. Chapter 2, Rule 5 of the Act includes 5 Clauses as objectives of the foundation and schedule relating to Clause (a) of Section 2 that defines the list of Aadibasi/Janjati people. The objectives of establishing the Foundation are:

Page | 40 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Legal Framework a. To make overall upliftment of the Aadibasi/Janjati by formulating and implementing the programs relating to the social, educational, economic and cultural development and upliftment of Aadibasi/Janjati, b. To preserve and promote the language, script, culture, literature, arts, history of the Aadibasi/Janjati, c. To preserve and promote the traditional knowledge, skill, technology and special knowledge of the indigenous people (Aadibasi/Janjati) and to provide assistance in its vocational use. d. To cause the Aadibasi/Janjati to be participated in the mainstream of overall national development of the country by maintaining a good relation, goodwill, and harmony between different Aadibasi/Janjati, castes, tribes and communities, and (e) To provide assistance in building an equitable society by making social, economic, religious and cultural development and upliftment of Aadibasi/Janjati.

C.5 Electricity Regulations, 1992 150. Section E of Chapter 12 and section E of Chapter 13 of Electricity Regulation 1992 are important from environmental viewpoint. The Initial Environmental Examination report should address the environmental issues, measures required to mitigate the significant adverse impacts. This regulation has also made provision for the formation of Compensation Determination Committee for compensation of the land required for the project. C.6 Forest Act, 2076 BS (2019 AD) 151. This act was enacted to manage national forests as the government managed forest, forest protection zone, community forest, partnership forest, lease-hold forest and religious forest and to make contribution to national prosperity by protecting, promoting and utilizing the wildlife, environment, watersheds and bio-diversity and promoting the private, public and urban forests. Chapter 12, Section 41 and 42 have provisions regarding land-use change and use of forest area for operation of national priority project, national pride projects after environmental studies that assure that such projects have no significant adverse effects on the environment. C.7 Environment Protection Act, 2076 BS (2019 AD) 152. The Act was enacted on October 11, 2019. Chapter 2, Rule 3 of the Act mandates to conduct either Brief Environmental Examination or Initial Environmental Examination or Environmental Impact Assessment depending upon the location, type and size of the projects for development project before implementation. Chapter 2, Rule 3 (5) has mandatory provision of public hearing in all the environmental studies for Public disclosure and information dissemination. Section 2, Rule 6 (1) has provision of maintaining quality and standards of environmental studies. Similarly, Rule 6 (2) has provision to impose 5 years restriction to consultants not maintaining the quality and standards of environmental studies. Chapter 2, Rule 10 has provision for the preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which includes Resettlement and Rehabilitation of affected people/community. C.8 Labor Act, 2074 BS (2017AD) 153. This Act has been enacted for the rights, interest, facilities and safety of workers and employees working in enterprises of various sectors. The Labor Act has shortened the period of probation to 6 months only. The Act made provision of maternity leave of 98 days consisting fully paid up to 60 days. Likewise provision of paid maternity leave for 15 days has been made. The Act has provision of compensation against injury and disability shall be paid from the insurance amount. Regarding death compensation the nearest successor is entitled to the amount of accident insurance. Similarly, medical insurance coverage at least NRs. One hundred thousand per year for every worker has been made and premium to be paid equally by the employer and worker. Regarding accident insurance, coverage of at least NRs.Seven Hundred Thousand for every worker has been made, and premium of such insurance to be paid fully by the employer. Schedule 2 (5) of the Act prohibit about the use of child labor against law whereas section 6 of the Act has provision of no discrimination among workers based on the caste, gender, language, origin and ideology. The developer is committed to develop project following the provisions of the Act. C.9 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 BS (2000 AD) 154. The Act was enacted and enforced adopting ILO Convention concerning Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labor and Minimum Age Convention. This Act has defined a“Child” as a person who has not achieved the age of 16 year. Chapter 2 Rule 3 (1) prohibit employing a child below the age of 14 for work as labor and Rule 3 (2) restrict engaging a child in the hazardous and risky works listed in the Schedule of the Act. It is mandatory to follow the Act during project implementation phase. C.10 Solid Waste Management Act 2068 BS (2011) 155. According to the Act, the local body shall be responsible for the management of solid waste by construction and operation of infrastructure like transfer station, landfill site, processing plant, compost plant,

Page | 41 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Legal Framework biogas-plant and collection of waste, final disposal and processing. Chapter 2, Rule 4, Sub-rule2 (1) has provision that the responsibility for the processing and management within the set standard of harmful waste, health institution related waste, chemical waste or industrial waste shall be the individual or body producing such solid waste. Rule 5 (Sub-rule 2) of the Act clearly mentioned that it shall be the duty of every individual, organization or body to reduce the amount of remaining solid waste by making arrangement for disposal or reuse of solid waste which might have been otherwise disposed off on such individual, organization or body's own area. Rule 6 deals with segregation of solid waste at source. C.11 Local Government Operation Act 2074 BS (2017AD) 156. The Act follows the spirit of decentralization and empowering the local government. Chapter 3, Section 11 (1) defined the sole rights of municipality and rural municipality as per the Schedule - 8 of the Constitution. Similarly, Section 11 (2) of the Act has empowered the municipality and rural municipality by defining their rights, functions and duties for local governance and development. C.12 Social Security Act, 2075 BS (2018 AD) 157. This Act is enacted from 2075/06/02 for the protection of the right to social security of the indigent citizens, incapacitated and helpless citizens, helpless single women, citizens with disabilities, children, citizens who are unable to take care themselves and citizens belonging to the tribes on the verge of extinction, in accordance with the Constitution. C.13 National Civil (Code) Act, 2074 BS (2017 AD) 158. Chapter 2, (Section 4 - 16) of the Act contains general principles of civil law. According to Chapter 2, Section 8 (1) if losses of damages occur due to mistake of somebody, the person making mistake must pay compensation. Chapter 3 has provisions regarding civil rights. Section 17 (1) states that every citizen shall be equal before law and Section 17 (2) states that no citizen shall be deprived of equal protection of law. Section 18 (1, 2) of the Act mention that there is no discrimination based on the caste, origin, color, gender, economic status, marital status, pregnancy or ideology. The act also elaborates that there will be no discrimination in wages rates and social security for the same kind of work based on the gender. Section 24 has provision that any person cannot be forced for any kind of work without his/her interest. C.14 Right to Information Act 2064 BS, (2007 AD) 159. Right to Information Act, 2007 is the legal provisions to protect the right of the citizen. It states that citizens should be well-informed for any public matters that could make adverse impact on the interest of the nation and citizen. The government has formed an Independent National Information Commission for the protection, promotion, and practice of right to information in Nepal. As key stakeholders in development, the citizens have the right to know and to be involved in information exchange and decision-making that affects their lives, resources, and properties from the initial stage of a development project. D. REGULATIONS D.1 Environment Protection Regulations, 2077 BS (2020 AD) 160. The Regulations was enacted on June 15, 2020 as per the section 44 of the Environment Protection Act, 2019 to streamline and maintain quality and uniformity in environmental studies. Pursuant to Chapter 2 of the Regulations, environmental studies are mandatory and it provides Schedules for categorization of the studies. Schedule 1 of the Regulations lists the proposal require brief environmental study, Schedule 2 lists the proposal require initial environmental examination and Schedule 3 lists the proposals requiring environmental studies. Rule 7, Sub-rule 5 explains about preparation of environmental study reports and provides its templates in Schedule 10, 11 and 12. Schedule 11, includes template for IEE report preparation and there is provision of EMP preparation which is also related to resettlement and rehabilitation plan. D.2 Labor Regulations 2075 BS (2018 AD) 161. The Labor Regulations prescribe procedures to obtain Labor Permit and Work Permit from the Department of Labor to hire foreign national and to be engaged in work by foreign national. Depending on the foreign national’s skills, the Labor Permit or Work Permit may be valid for a maximum period of 3 to 5 years. An employer must prepare and implement a Health and Safety Policy addressing, among other issues, precautionary measures that must be taken when operating machinery, equipment and chemical substances. An enterprise with 20 or more employees must also establish a Health and Safety Committee, which includes employees' representatives, to provide advice on workplace safety issues: An employee who is disabled due to a workplace accident is entitled to compensation based on his/her percent of disability. Employers with 50 or more employees must arrange for break room and canteen for employees.

Page | 42 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Legal Framework D.3 Solid Waste Management Regulations 2070 BS (2013 AD) 162. The Regulations have been promulgated by GoN by exercising the power conferred by section 50 of the Solid Waste Management Act, 2068. Section 3(1) of the Regulations describes the segregation at least of organic and non-organic solid waste at its source. Section 3, Clause 2 mentioned the responsibility of managing the chemical or harmful solid waste under Sub-clause 1 shall be of concerned generator. The Section 5 Clause 1 describe no one shall discharge solid waste by mixing harmful, chemical organic or inorganic waste with other waste. Section 5 Clause 2 make arrangement for final discharge should only be made after processing of harmful, chemical, organic or inorganic waste into a general waste. D.4 Forest Regulations, 2051 BS (1995 AD) 163. Chapter 8, Rule 65 clause 1 and 2 of the Forest Regulation stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local, individual, or community, the proponents of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid. Similarly, the entire expenses required for the harvesting, logging and transporting of the forest products in a forest area should be borne by proponent of a project. E. ADB SAFEGUARD POLICY STATEMENT, 2009 (SPS) AND JICA GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS, 2010 E.1 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) 164. 162. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS)sets out the policy objectives, scope and triggers, and principles for three key safeguard areas i.e. (i) Environmental Safeguards,(ii) Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards, and(iii) Indigenous Peoples Safeguards. The objectives of Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards are to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible; to minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; to enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all displaced persons1 in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups. Similarly, the objectives of Indigenous Peoples Safeguards is to design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for Indigenous Peoples’ identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness as defined by the Indigenous Peoples themselves so that they (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of projects, and (iii) can participate actively in projects that affect them. 165. Regarding Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards, the SPS covers both physical displacement i.e. relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter and economic displacement i.e. Loss of land, assets, access to assets, loss of income source or means of livelihoods due to involuntary land acquisition, land use restriction and access to legally designated parks and protected areas. It covers all the displaced people without considering such losses or involuntary restrictions are partial or full and permanent or temporary. As per the SPS, all the ADB assisted projects should recognize and address the resettlement and rehabilitation (R & R) impacts on all the physically or economical displaced people irrespective of their titles and requires for the preparation of an appropriate Resettlement Plan (RP) in the case where involuntary resettlement unavoidable. 166. ADB’s SPS is the guiding principles to identify impacts and to plan measures for mitigating various losses likely to occur due to resettlement impacts. Some of the key provisions of the SPS on Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards are:

- Where Involuntary Resettlement (IR) is unavoidable, the impact should be minimized by exploring project and design alternatives, - Enhance or at least restore the livelihoods of all displaced persons in real terms relative to pre-project levels, - Improve the standards of living of the poor and other groups, - Gender analysis is required to identify related resettlement impacts and risks, - Resettlement Plans (RP) should be prepared in full consultation with Affected Persons (APs), host communities, and stakeholders, - Preference will be given to land-based resettlement for displaced persons whose livelihoods are land-based. However, if the land is not the preferred option or the land is not available at reasonable price, the APs will be provided opportunities for employment, or self-employment in the project works, in addition to the reasonable cash compensation for land and other assets lost, - Cash compensations for the loss of structures, other assets and incomes should be based on full replacement cost, - Absence of formal legal title to land or non-recognized or recognizable claims to such land by the Displaced Persons (DPs) should not be a bar to compensation,

Page | 43 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Legal Framework - The rate of compensation for land, structures and other assets should be calculated at full replacement cost based on fair market value; transaction cost; interest accrued; transitional and restoration cost, and other applicable payments, if any, - All compensation payments and related activities must be completed prior to the commencement of the civil work, and - Special attention to be paid to the needs of indigenous people, vulnerable groups especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children and those without legal title of land.

E.2 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010 167. The Guidelines is developed for environmental and social considerations in its cooperation projects. JICA has stipulated its requirements regarding environmental and social considerations for project proponents etc. to receive support for cooperation projects (loan aid, grant aid, and technical cooperation projects) in the guidelines. The objectives of the guidelines are to encourage project proponents for appropriate consideration for environmental and social impacts, as well as to ensure that JICA’s support for and examination of environmental and social considerations are conducted accordingly. 168. The Guidelines outlines JICA’s responsibilities and procedures, along with its requirements for project proponents etc., in order to facilitate the achievement of these objectives. In doing so, JICA endeavors to ensure transparency, predictability, and accountability in its support for and examination of environmental and social considerations. Appendix 1 of the guideline has detailed environmental and social considerations required for intended projects. The considerations regarding involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples explained in the guidelines are as follows:

- Involuntary resettlement and loss of means of livelihood are to be avoided when feasible by exploring all viable alternatives. When, after such an examination, avoidance is proved unfeasible, effective measures to minimize impact and to compensate for losses must be agreed upon with the people who will be affected. - People who must be resettled involuntarily and people whose means of livelihood will be hindered or lost must be sufficiently compensated and supported by project proponents etc. in a timely manner. Prior compensation, at full replacement cost, must be provided as much as possible. Host countries must make efforts to enable people affected by projects and to improve their standard of living, income opportunities, and production levels, or at least to restore these to pre-project levels. Measures to achieve this may include: providing land and monetary compensation for losses (to cover land and property losses), supporting means for an alternative sustainable livelihood, and providing the expenses necessary for the relocation and re- establishment of communities at resettlement sites. - Appropriate participation by affected people and their communities must be promoted in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of resettlement action plans and measures to prevent the loss of their means of livelihood. In addition, appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms must be established for the affected people and their communities. - For projects that will result in large-scale involuntary resettlement, resettlement action plans must be prepared and made available to the public. In preparing a resettlement action plan, consultations must be held with the affected people and their communities based on sufficient information made available to them in advance. When consultations are held, explanations must be given in a form, manner, and language that are understandable to the affected people. It is desirable that the resettlement action plan include elements laid out in the World Bank Safeguard Policy, OP 4.12, Annex A. - Any adverse impacts that a project may have on indigenous peoples are to be avoided when feasible by exploring all viable alternatives. When, after such an examination, avoidance is proved unfeasible, effective measures must be taken to minimize impacts and to compensate indigenous peoples for their losses. - When projects may have adverse impacts on indigenous peoples, all of their rights in relation to land and resources must be respected in accordance with the spirit of relevant international declarations and treaties, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Efforts must be made to obtain the consent of indigenous peoples in a process of free, prior, and informed consultation. - Measures for the affected indigenous peoples must be prepared as an indigenous peoples plan (which may constitute a part of other documents for environmental and social consideration) and must be made public in compliance with the relevant laws and ordinances of the host country. In preparing the indigenous peoples plan, consultations must be made with the affected indigenous peoples based on sufficient information made available to them in advance. When consultations are held, it is desirable that explanations be given in a form, manner, and language that are understandable to the people concerned. It is desirable that the indigenous peoples plan include the elements laid out in the World Bank Safeguard Policy, OP4.10, Annex B.

Page | 44 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Legal Framework F. GAP ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIAL MEASURES 169. Based on the assessment of policy, acts, regulations and guidelines some gaps are identified between the government policies, laws, regulations and guidelines, the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010. 170. The Land Acquisition Act, 1977 is the fundamental legal framework for land acquisition, compensation determination and relocation of affected persons/HHs in Nepal. The Act has limited scope in resettlement and rehabilitation of the affected people. The Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy for Infrastructure Development Projects, 2015 has provided some guiding principles regarding screening, assessing and planning land acquisition and resettlement aspects in development projects in line with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS). However, as the Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy for Infrastructure Development Projects, 2015 is not mandatory, its implementation is weak. 171. The Land Acquisition Act, 1977 of Nepal does not meet some of the ADB’s SPS and JICA Guidelines regarding involuntary resettlement, indigenous people and vulnerable groups. The Land Acquisition Act does not specify any other resettlement and rehabilitation benefits except the compensation at the replacement value to the titleholders and it is also not well defined. There is no provision for compensation for non-title holders like squatters and encroachers. Similarly, there is no provision for compensation for land required for RoW. Current practice to use land under RoW is mainly based on personal negotiation. The act does not specify that it require projects to (a) minimize displacement and to identify non-displacing or least-displacing alternatives; (b) plan for the resettlement and rehabilitation of affected people; and (c) provide a better standard of living to the affected persons or families. As per Rule 13 and Sub-rule 2 of the Act, a Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) is formed at district level, to determine compensation for the loss of land and other private property. Only, cash compensation is paid under the Rule 13 and Sub-rule 1 of the Act. However, as per the Rule 14 there is provision that the GoN could provide land for land as compensation for 100% loss of land to the owner if interested based on availability of land in his area. This Act is silent about the payment of compensation at prevailing market price, which creates conflicts and problems regarding payment of the compensation and delays in project implementation. 172. Land is an important asset for economic security in Nepal. Acquiring land under RoW for transmission line projects is one of the major problems in Nepal due to scarcity of land, increasing value, population growth, urbanization, settlement development, devaluation of land under RoW and rejection by banks/financial institutions for collateral. Current practice to use land under RoW is mainly based on the determination of the rates by the CDC. Due to the situation, there is an urgent need to promulgate an act based on international norms and best practices to solve the problem and social welfare.

Page | 45 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits CHAPTERVII: ENTITLEMENTS, ASSISTANCE AND BENIFITS

A. GENERAL 173. There are some adverse impacts of the project at household and community levels during its construction and operation phases that cannot avoided. The proponent as its prime responsibility will implement the proposed Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R &R) measures to minimize impacts of the project. The project will acquire permanently 1.5 ha private land, 4 houses and 3 cowsheds and impose land use restriction on 21.2 ha agriculture land under RoW. All the affected assets will be properly recorded and verified by the project and delegated government and community representatives. Census and asset information will be maintained in a computerized database to manage and monitor the progress of RIPP implementation by the proponent. B. ELIGIBILITY, CUT-OFF-DATE AND ENTITLEMENTS 174. All PAFs/SPAFs and affected peoples (APs) identified and recorded in the project-impact areas on the cut-off date10will be entitled for different types of mitigation measures proposed in this RIPP. These include primarily cash compensation at replacement value for the affected assets, and combinations of rehabilitation measures that are sufficient to assist them to improve or at least restore the pre-project income/ living standards and production. The entitlement matrix given below in this chapter summarizes the main types of losses and the corresponding nature and scope of entitlements in accordance with GoN, ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS) and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010. Based on field survey (technical/social), the detailed losses of land and/or non land assets (structures) have been used for determining actual impacts and replacement values of assets. This information will be used by the CDC for valuation and the negotiation of land and property value between the project and the owners as per the legal framework. B.1 Compensation Determination Committees (CDC) 175. All the affected households will be compensated for their lost assets. As per legal requirements a Compensation Determination Committees (CDC) will be formed and undertake the valuation of assets. The CDC is the main responsible body for compensation determination of land. It has full authority to determine the amount of compensation payable to landowners. The CDC will consist of: 1. Chief District Officer (CDO), 2. Land Administrator/Chief of Land Revenue Office, 3. Project Chief/person designated by the CDO and 4. Representative of concerned municipality or rural municipality.

B.2 Valuation of Land and Compensation 176. Considering the limitations of the Land Acquisition Act, 2034 BS (1977 AD) improvements will be made to the principles of valuation in consultation with the local administration, affected households and stakeholders. The compensation to be determined by the CDC will be at replacement value. To ensure this, the CDC will take account of prevailing rates in the local market, transaction values and price information provided in this RIPP. All the required procedures will be completed prior to implementation of the project. Apart from the rate fixed by the CDC, percentage loss of land of the households will also be a basis for compensation as per degree of loses. The information of the land price collected during the Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation is the main basis for valuation of assets. The prevailing average land price has been considered for the estimation purpose. The estimated cost for compensation (100%) of permanent land (1.5 ha, as per the detailed/cadastral survey) is estimated to be NRs. 40,200,000. Similarly, the estimated cost for compensation (at the rate of 20%) for RoW (21.2 ha, as per the detailed/cadastral survey) land is NRs. 113,632,000. 177. The estimated amount for land loss/land use restriction will serve as good reference for the CDC to decide and negotiate the compensation of affected land that will be acquired by the project. Obviously, higher rates are recorded for metropolitan area followed by municipality and rural municipality that seem to be quite realistic with the prevailing practice in the field and also scientific than an adhoc or single rate system which could generally invite conflicts on land prices across different areas within project area. The CDC, which also consist one member from District Land Revenue Office, also refers current transaction value of land and structures that have prevailed at free markets in each district. Once the CDC collects and verifies different rates established in the project area, it is only thereafter that the committee works out the compensation rates that best represent the replacement value for particular category of land.

10Date of public notification for property acquisition in case of title holders and the date of census survey in case of non-title holders. Those who encroach into the project area after the cut-off date will not be entitled to compensation or any other assistance. Page | 46 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits 178. Considering the nature of the project single payment will be made to individual household for the entire compensation money to avoid administrative problem. Land for land compensation is not proposed in this project due to the small area of land to be permanently acquired from various affected families. It is also impractical and difficult to allocate similar piece of agricultural land in the vicinity of the project area. The entitlement matrix table No 1 summarizes the main types of losses and the corresponding entitlements in accordance with GoN and ADB policies. B.3 Assistance to Different Categories of Households Losing Land 179. Different types of assistance are proposed for different category of affected households losing land as follows. i) Household Losing less than 10% of their Total Holding 180. There are altogether 112 households who will lose <10.0% land. These households are under the category of marginally affected group and will be compensated for their land loss at replacement value as determined by CDC. The affected HH will also be entitled for livelihood allowance of NRs. 25,000 as the agriculture assistance. These HHs will be given due priority for employment during construction period. The indigenous, women headed and Dalit HHS losing land will be provided additional vulnerable allowance of NRs 75,000. ii) Household losing more than 10% their Total Holding 181. As per the defined criteria household losing more than 10.0% of their holding are considered as severely affected families. This group includes the following two categories: a) Household losing 10.0% to 50.0% of total holding: There are altogether 132 households in the first severely affected category. These households will receive following assistance apart from the cash compensation. The indigenous, women headed and Dalit HHS losing land will be provided additional vulnerable allowance of NRs 75,000 as mentioned in B.6.  Basic technical skill training: One family member of each household will be provided short term technical training in the areas of driving, plumbing, house wiring and motor rewinding as per their interest from government recognized training institutions. The cost of skill development assistance is estimated to be NRs. 55,000/household. The total cost for this support is NRs. 7,260,000.  Livelihood/Agriculture Assistance: As these households still own their agriculture land, they will be provided agriculture assistance of NRs. 25,000 to increase their land productivity. The assistance is intended to be used for inputs support including hybrid seed, small agriculture tools and livestock (goat/pig, poultry) based on their interest.  Priority for employment: The priority will be given to the family members of the households for employment in project construction. b) Households losing more than 50.0% of their total holding: There are altogether 9 households in the second severely affected category. These households will receive following assistance apart from the cash compensation. The indigenous, women headed and Dalit HHS losing land will be provided additional vulnerable allowance of NRs 75,000 as mentioned in B.6.  Advance technical skill training: One family member of each household will be provided technical training in the areas of repair and maintenance of mechanical and electrical equipment, motor rewinding and advance house wiring as per their interest from government recognized training institutions. The cost of advance skill development assistance is estimated to be NRs. 80,000/household. The total cost for this support is NRs. 720,000.  Livelihood/Agriculture Assistance: As these households still own their agriculture land, they will be provided agriculture assistance of NRs. 25,000 to increase their land productivity. The assistance is intended to be used for inputs support including hybrid seed, small agriculture tools and livestock (goat/pig, poultry) based on their interest.  Employment: The first priority will be given to the family member of the households for the employment in the project during construction and operation.

B.4 Assistance to Households Losing House and Cowshed 182. Following assistance has been proposed to the HHs losing house and cowshed:  Construction of the project will involve the removal of 4 houses and 3 cow-sheds owned by 5 households. The project proponent will provide compensation at replacement cost for the structures acquired by the project. This will include compensation for land occupied by the structure and cost of the structure and other accessories. Owners will have the right to use salvage materials from the affected buildings. The value of

Page | 47 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits salvaged materials will not be deducted from the compensated amount. The estimated cost for the house structure is NRs. 2,940,000 @ NRs. 3,000/feet2. Further, altogether 3 cowsheds will be acquired by the project. The estimated cost of the cowsheds is NRs.840,000 @ NRs. 1,500/feet2. Based on this estimate the total loss cost of the house and cowshed is NRs.3,780,000.  A house rent allowances for 180 days will be paid to the affected household (4) at the rate of NRs. 700/day. In addition, a disturbance allowance for 180 days at the rate of NRs. 700/day will be provided to the affected HHs. The total costs of house rent and disturbance allowance have been estimated to be NRs.1,008,000.  Onetime dislocation allowance of NRs.35,000 as a transportation allowance will be provided for transportation of goods and materials. These households shall be eligible to receive compensation and other benefits as per the criteria of land and agriculture income loss. The total cost of transportation allowance is NRs. 140,000.  Advance technical skill training: One family member of each household (4) will be provided technical training in the areas of repair and maintenance of mechanical and electrical equipment, motor rewinding and advance house wiring as per their interest from government recognized training institutions. The cost of advance skill development assistance is estimated to be NRs. 80,000/household. The total cost for this support is NRs. 320,000. B.5 Compensation for loss of Private Trees 183. Altogether 36 standing trees requiring removal including 21 fruit trees, 9 fodder trees and 6 timber trees due to construction of the project. One time compensation of @ NRs. 8,000/fruit tree, 3,000/fodder tree and 5,000/timber tree on average will be paid for the permanent loss of the trees. All resources from privately owned trees that are removed will remain the property of the owner. The estimated cost for private tree loss is NRs. 225,000. B.6 Mitigation Measures for the Vulnerable HHs 184. There are altogether 202 HHs categorized as vulnerable namely indigenous, women and Dalit (Kami and Damai) HHs. All the households need to benefit more from the project activities. Therefore, the following measures will be implemented:  Priority in employment during construction;  One time cash assistance for 90 days at the rate of NRs 700/day;  Special assistance of NRs. 12,000 for restoring livelihood. 185. The total cost of additional assistance to vulnerable HHs is estimated to be NRs. 15,150,000. C. ENTITLEMENT MATRIX 186. Through the acquisition of private and community assets, the TLP will affect property owners, their dependents and local community. This Entitlement Framework accordingly specifies compensation and/or rehabilitation measures for two units of entitlement i.e. individuals including affected individuals/households and the local community. Compensation will be provided for the affected private property. Furthermore, the owners of affected house will be provided house rent and disturbance allowance for 6 months in addition to one time dislocation and transportation allowances. 187. Apart from the compensation for acquired land, an additional assistance will be provided to the affected households for enhancing the agricultural production of the remaining land as livelihood restoration allowance. Similarly, the vulnerable HHs including indigenous, women headed and Dalit households will be supported for reestablishment and improvement of livelihood. Loss of private and community assets will be valued and compensated based on the entitlement matrix given in Table - 72 below.

Page | 48 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits

Table 72: Entitlement Matrix

Responsible for the Type of Loss Scope Who is entitled Entitlement Delivery of the Comments Entitlement A. Loss of Land A.1. Loss of Land Loss of private land Agricultural/Residential/Commercial Person(s) with land  Cash compensation determined by The CDC and THL to Payment will be land being affected by project ownership records the CDC based on compensate the owner made in full to the components (Land for Tower footings DPs/APs with customary market/replacement cost. (preferably in joint AP before taking etc.) land right or government account of husband possession of the All fees, taxes and other charges as permit holder and wife, if married and land. applicable under relevant laws and with the consent of the regulations title holder) Loss of tenanted land Agricultural/Residential/Commercial Tenants/leaseholder/ 50 percent cash compensation to The CDC and THL will Payment will be land being affected by project sharecropper the share cropper/ tenants of the compensate the made in full to the components (Land for Tower footings affected plots as per the prevailing tenants for loss of AP before taking etc.) laws (LA Act Clause 20). Other 50 tenancy. possession of the percent to the landowner land. A.2. Temporary Impacts on Land Land use restriction All DPs/APs crops on temporary Titled holder or owner with Cash compensation of land value as The CDC and THL will on RoW land basis during the construction and legal rights, HHs with decided by the CDC equivalent to compensate maintenance of lines customary land right, Tenant 20% of land value under the RoW.

 Cash compensation will be paid

Land acquired temporarily by the for the temporary damage of crop

project contractors under the RoW during the construction or maintenance or Person(s) with land repair after the construction. In

Temporary impacts ownership records or those case there is a need for repair or during construction with other user rights; maintenance of the lines in the such as damage to subject to verification future, THL would consult with adjacent parcel of Tenants Community Payment will be land owners for access to the land due to Contractors to made in full to the movement of land for maintenance and repairs, Compensate for AP by the machinery and plant when necessary, and that the temporary acquisition of contractor/the THL, sites for contractors before temporarily land owners would continue to land. use the land for farming activities. taking possession of the land.  Notice to harvest standing crops  Restoration of land to previous or better quality.

Page | 49 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits Responsible for the Type of Loss Scope Who is entitled Entitlement Delivery of the Comments Entitlement

Contractor to negotiate a contract agreement on a rental rate with the owner or user of the land that will be temporarily acquired.

Project and the contractor to ensure that persons other than the owner affected as a result of temporary acquisition are also compensated for loss of at least 3 months income.

Land should be returned to the owner at the end of temporary acquisition period after fully restoring it to its original condition or improved as agreed with the AP.

B. Loss of Residential and Commercial Structures Loss of residential and Structures affected on the land either Owners of the structures Cash compensation at replacement The CDC and THL to Payment will be commercial structures permanently acquired or temporarily irrespective of ownership of cost. compensate the owner made, in full, to the acquired land on which the structure AP shall be allowed to take (preferably in joint AP before taking stands salvaged material from the account of husband possession of the demolished structure at no costs. and wife, if married and structure. A transfer allowance for shifting with the consent of the household assets, in case self- title holder) relocation to cover cost of shifting at the rate of NR 35000 per household. In case of rebuilding/ rehabilitation of the structure, a disturbance allowance shall be provided to head of the affected HH at the rate of NRs. 700 per day for 180 days. Rental assistance for 180 days per house at the rate of NR 700 per day. Tenants/Renters/ Rental assistance equivalent to 180 Assistance to make The CDC and THL Leaseholders of days @ NR 700 per day per HH. alternative supervision Squatters/informal dwellers Cash compensation for non-land Restoration of The THL EA and (defined as a person who assets at replacement cost. Residence and/or CDC will ensure

Page | 50 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits Responsible for the Type of Loss Scope Who is entitled Entitlement Delivery of the Comments Entitlement appears from nowhere and AP shall be allowed to take shop payment prior to occupies vacant government salvaged material from the physical land/structure for living demolished structure at no costs. displacement. space and/or livelihoods) A transfer allowance for shifting household assets, in case self- relocation to cover cost of shifting at the rate of NR 35000 per household. In case of rebuilding/ rehabilitation of the structure, a disturbance allowance of shall be provided to one member of the affected HH at the rate of NR 700 per day for 180 days. Rental assistance for 180 days per house at the rate of NR 700 per day. Encroachers (defined as a Compensation for non-land assets The CDC, THL and Encroachers who person who has legal title at replacement cost only to the Supervision are vulnerable/ holding to land but illegally vulnerable households. Consultant below poverty line extends his occupation onto are to be assisted the contiguous, vacant Encroachers will be notified and on a case-by- case government land) given advance notice to remove basis considering their assets. their household income and assets. Right to salvage material from demolished structure at no cost.

Page | 51 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits Responsible for the Type of Loss Scope Who is entitled Entitlement Delivery of the Comments Entitlement C. Loss of Income Generating Sources and Assets C.1. Loss of Agricultural Crops and Trees Loss of agricultural Trees and perennial crops affected by Owner of crops or trees Advance notice of 3 month to be crops, fruits and the project (People on whose land the (including encroachers, provided to APs to harvest their timber trees trees and perennial crops exist) squatters, Sharecroppers, crops. and tenants Cash compensation for loss of agricultural crops at current market value of mature crops (if destroyed) based on average production in last 2 years. The unit rates for the same will be determined based on wholesale market and in consultation with the Agriculture Knowledge Centre

Compensation for loss of fruit trees for average fruit production for 5 years to be computed at the current market value based on the whole sale market price. The final unit price will be determined based on wholesale price and in consultation with the Agriculture Knowledge Centre

Compensation for loss of timber trees at current market value of wood (timber or firewood, as the case may be). The unit price will be determined based on market wholesale price and in consultation with the Division Forest Office.

C.2. Special Assistance for Livelihood Restoration

Page | 52 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits Responsible for the Type of Loss Scope Who is entitled Entitlement Delivery of the Comments Entitlement Livelihood assistance Affected HHs Family of affected HH One time agricultural assistance of Income restoration The THL, CDC and and skill development NRs. 25,000 for enhancing the assistance. ESMSP will ensure training to the family Family significant loosing agricultural production assistance is having significant loss Significantly Affected Families land or source of income provided. This will be of property and affected by the project. At least one-person from each a long term but time income sources affected household will be bound activity. Absentee landlords will not considered for income generating be eligible for this provision vocational training and skill improvement options as per their choice.

As far as possible temporary employment will be provided to affected households in the project construction work by the project contractor. Preference will be given to affected people living below poverty line, vulnerable or lost their employment or income generation source due to project impacts. Loss of businesses Business adversely affected by the Owner of business One–time lump sum grant: minimum Short-term The THL CDC and project three-month’s income based on the compensation for loss ESMSP will ensure nature of business and type of of income payment is made losses assessed on a case-to-case prior to physical basis. One-time cash assistance displacement. equivalent to three months of average income based on the nature of businesses for re- establishing the business at an alternative premise. Removal or relocation The THL, CDC and assistance. ESMSP will ensure payment is made prior to physical displacement.

Page | 53 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits Responsible for the Type of Loss Scope Who is entitled Entitlement Delivery of the Comments Entitlement Loss of income of Business affected temporarily during Non-mobile One-time cash assistance: Short-term The THL, CDC and small vendors project construction business operators on Minimum 3 months income based compensation for loss ESMSP will ensure footpaths to project sites on the nature of business and type of income. Agriculture payment is made of losses determined on a case-to- Knowledge Centre prior to physical case basis, by the CDC. displacement.

Shifting allowance will be paid to the affected (if applicable), on actual cost basis.

Loss of income by Work opportunities reduced Agriculture labours indirectly One-time financial assistance Short-term assistance/ The THL, CDC and agricultural labours affected by land equivalent to 90 days of wage to be compensation for loss ESMSP will ensure /wage earners acquisition or displacement computed on the basis of local of income. payments are made identified during of employer wage rates in the district for each immediately after verification census category of labours. economic survey displacement. Loss of wages by Income reduced due to dislocation Wage earning employees One-time financial assistance to Short-term assistance/ The THL CDC and employees indirectly affected by hired employees equivalent to 90 compensation for loss ESMSP will ensure displacement of commercial days wages to be computed on the of income. payments are made structures basis of local wage rates prior to displacement. APs who are semi-skilled and unskilled labours will be considered for a priority in employment opportunities in the Project’s implementation work.

Page | 54 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits Responsible for the Type of Loss Scope Who is entitled Entitlement Delivery of the Comments Entitlement D. ADDITIONAL SUPPORT TO VULNERABLE Additional assistance Household income affected as a Households categorized as Cash assistance for 90 days at the Income restoration The THL , CDC and to vulnerable groups result of vulnerable namely Women- local agriculture wage rate NR 700. assistance. ESMSP will ensure including janajati project construction headed households: disable timely payment households or elderly person: ethnic/ Special assistance of NR 12,000 to occupational an affected vulnerable household for caste people: APs who live restoring livelihood. The ESMSP would under official poverty line organize this At least one-person from training. each affected household will be The ESMSP shall considered for income generating be responsible for Vocational training and skill this facility. improvement options as per their choice. As far as possible temporary employment will be provided to affected households in the project construction work by the project contractor. Preference will be given to affected people living below poverty line, vulnerable or lost their employment or income generation source due to project impacts. E. LOSS OF COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES Loss of cultural and Common property resources such Affected community/ Replacement/ The THL CDC Replacement or restoration of community as Monasteries, temples, ghat Institution responsible for restoration of and ESMSP the affected community facilities structures/ facilities (cremation site) and community the administration of the structure/facility (including temples, shrines, land and/or graveyards affected property by the Project. ghat, public water stand posts etc.) in consultation with the affected community. Or cash compensation for restoring the affected cultural/community structures to the recognized institution/ patron/ custodian of the affected structure. Project Assistance to move the structure to a new Page | 55 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits Responsible for the Type of Loss Scope Who is entitled Entitlement Delivery of the Comments Entitlement location Loss of structures Land on which property stands Municipality/Rural Restoration of the The CDC and Cash compensation at or any asset which purchased or reclaimed for Municipality or Village structure THL are replacement cost. belongs to Project purpose groups responsible to pay Municipality/Rural Municipality or village group will prior to affecting Municipality or be allowed to take salvaged the assets. village community material from the demolished structure at no costs. Transfer allowance in case of self- relocation to cover cost of shifting on actual cost basis or at the rate of NR 35000 per village. F. OTHER UNANTICIPATED IMPACTS Unanticipated The THL will deal with any unanticipated impact of the project, during and after project implementation, based on the spirit of the principles adverse impacts agreed upon in this RIPP. due to project intervention or associated activity.

Page | 56 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits

D. COMMUNITY SUPPORT AND AWARENESS PROGRAMS 188. As common, the local people have several expectations from the project. During the stakeholder consultation, the local people of the area demanded support for drinking water, infrastructure development of basic schools, rural electrification, road improvements (upgrading/black topping), income generation/skill development training and support (agriculture, livestock, vegetable farming), irrigation, medicine in health posts etc. To address the need and demand of local community the project will implement small community support programs in the project area. The project cannot address all the demand and felt needs of the local people due to resource constraints. However, the project will support following community support and community awareness programs to address community needs/demands in coordination with the local people, concerned municipalities and wards with its limited resources. D.1 Support for Drinking Water System Improvement 189. The project will support for community drinking water system improvement in Pokhari Bhanjyang (Vyas - 13), Rumsi (Vyas -14), Majhgaun (Bandipur - 6), Pyueghare (Aanbookhaireni -6), Sinchang/Kafaldanda (Devghat -4) and Chaukidanda (Bharatpur -29) and basic schools of the area. Based on technical assessment support will be provided for drinking water system improvement (replacement of supply pipes, reservoir rehabilitation, intake improvement) on priority basis. The estimated cost for drinking water system improvement is NRs. 2,500,000. D.2 Support for Health Posts 190. As per the demand of local people health posts will be supported with basic medicines to compliment the GoN medicine supply. The estimated cost for medicine support is NRs. 2,000,000. D.3 Income Generation Training for Vulnerable Groups 191. The project will support for short-term income generation training targeting vulnerable groups (Dalit, women and indigenous) to improve their socioeconomic status in selected areas in coordination with local NGOs/CBOs. The training will be provided in the areas of vegetable farming, goat raising, horticulture (citrus species), poultry, hospitality management (home stay). The estimated cost for short-term income generation/skill development training is NRs. 1,500,000. D.4 Support to Basic Schools 192. The project will support to Basic school of Dharampani (Bandipur -6) for replacement of corrugated sheets of its building, and drinking water supply in the schools of Aamdanda, Rumsi, Benikot, Dharampani, Chaukidanda and Kafaldanda on priority basis. Similarly, these schools will be also provided educational and sport materials in limited quantity to improve the learning environment. The estimated cost for support to basic schools is NRs.2,500,000. D.5 Social Awareness Program 193. The proponent will implement various community awareness programs to minimize any impacts on lifestyle, public health and possible hazards of transmission line after charging through different information, education and communication (IEC) activities (hoarding boards, pamphlets, leaflets, FM radio, street drama). The workers will be instructed to act in a responsible manner during and after the working hours, respecting the rights, property, socio-cultural norms and practice of local people. The awareness program will incorporate the problem associated with social and cultural disintegration and awareness regarding girls trafficking, sexually transmitted disease (STD), HIV/AIDS, health and sanitation, education (formal, non-formal), family planning. The program will also include awareness regarding proper use of compensation money, job availability in project and its nature, importance of project with regards to local and national scenario etc. The estimated cost of awareness program is NRs.500,000. D.6 Health and Sanitation Awareness Training 194. Permanent camp will be made on rented house which include toilet, drinking water and other facilities to accommodate the project staff. Toilets will be constructed in temporary camps at the rate of approximately 10 people in each toilet and drinking facilities will be installed prior to occupancy. Health check-up of workers and documentation of health status will be made periodically. Priority will be given to the local people in project works to minimize the impacts on health and sanitation. Drinking water available for the camps will be tested and necessary treatment will be made to make safe drinking water. Two days health and sanitation awareness training will be provided to construction workers. The cost for health and sanitation awareness training will be incorporated in the tender document of the project. The estimated cost of awareness program is NRs.500,000

Page | 57 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Entitlements, Assistance and Benefits

D.7 Support for Rural Electrification 195. The project will support for rural electrification and electricity supply improvement (replacement of old poles) particularly in Dharampani, Pyughare, Pokhari Bhanjyang, Majhgaun, Kafaldanda and Chaukidanda in close coordination with NEA, who has been implementing the RE component of the project.

Page | 58 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Relocation and Income Restoration CHAPTER VIII: RELOCATION AND INCOME RESTORATION

A. RELOCATION 196. The project will acquire 1.5 ha private land permanently for tower foundation, 4 residential houses and 3 cowsheds (under RoW), and impose land use restriction on 21.2 ha agriculture land under RoW. Therefore, the project has very small scale of impacts on land acquisition. No other private and community structure and facilities will be affected by the project.

B. INCOME RESTORATION 197. The project will provide full compensation with assistances entitled in the Entitlement Matrix and other income restoration trainings to the affected people. It is believed that income restoration program proposed in the Entitlement Matrix will ensure to enhance or at least restore the livelihoods of the affected HHs in real terms, relative to pre-project levels. Similarly, the proposed community support programs will also help to improve the quality of life of the local people and socioeconomic environment of their community. Different types of assistance have been proposed targeting different category of the affected HHs and vulnerable groups for their income restoration. The proposed activities are based on magnitude of impacts and vulnerability. The major activities proposed in the Entitlement Matrix are summarized below:

B.1 Assistance to Different Categories of Households Losing Land  HHs losing <10.0% of their land from total land holding - Compensation for land at replacement value. - Agriculture assistance: Livestock/agriculture training and input support including hybrid seed, small agriculture tools and livestock (goat/pig, poultry) - Priority for employment during construction period.  Household losing 10.0% to 50.0% of total holding - Compensation for land at replacement value. - Basic technical skill training for one family member: Short-term technical training in the areas of driving, plumbing, house wiring and motor rewinding as per interest from government recognized training institutions. - Agriculture assistance: Livestock/agriculture training to one family member and input support including hybrid seed, small agriculture tools and livestock (goat/pig, poultry) - Priority for employment: Priority for employment in project construction.  Households losing more than 50.0% of their total holding (5 HHs): - Compensation for land at replacement value. - Advance technical skill training for one family member: Training in the areas of driving, plumbing, house wiring and motor rewinding as per interest from government recognized training institutions. - Agriculture assistance: Livestock/agriculture training to one family member and input support including hybrid seed, small agriculture tools and livestock (goat/pig, poultry). - Employment: First priority for the employment to family member during construction and during operation.

B.2 Assistance to Households Losing House and Cowshed -Compensation for land occupied by the structure and cost of the structure and other accessories at replacement value. -Right to use salvaged materials of the affected buildings. - House rent allowances for 6 months - Disturbance allowance for 6 months - Dislocation and transportation allowance - Advance technical skill training for one family member: Training in the areas of driving, plumbing, house wiring and motor rewinding as per interest from government recognized training institutions. - Other benefits as per the criteria of land and agriculture income loss

B.3 Compensation for Loss of Private Trees - Compensation for loss of fruit, fodder and timber trees - Removed trees will remain the property of the owner

Page | 59 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Relocation and Income Restoration

B.4 Compensation for Loss of Agricultural Production - Compensation for permanent loss of agricultural production

B.5 Support for Vulnerable Households - Priority in employment during construction; - One time cash assistance for 90 days at the rate of NRs 700/day; - Special assistance of NRs. 12,000 for restoring livelihood.

Page | 60 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Resettlement Budgeting and Financing Plan

CHAPTER IX: RESETTLEMENT BUDGETING AND FINANCING PLAN

A. MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT COST 198. The estimated cost of mitigation and enhancement measures for implementation of RIPP activities of the proposed 220 kV Transmission Line Project is NRs. 218,086,000 (US$ 1,839,612 @ 1US $= NRs. 118.55 as of 4 Dec 2020). 199. A detail of the mitigation and enhancement cost is presented in Table - 73 below. Table 73: Estimated Cost for Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measures Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount (NRs.) Compensation for Permanently Acquired Land ha 1.5 26,800,000 40,200,000 Compensation for Land Use Restriction under ha 21.2 5,360,000 113,632,000 RoW land Compensation for 4 Residential Houses Sq.ft. 980 3,000 2,940,000

Compensation for 3 Cowsheds Sq.ft. 560 1,5000 840,000 Dislocation and Transportation Allowance HHs 4 35,000 140,000 House Rent Allowance for 4 HHs day 4x180 700 504,,000 Disturbance Allowance for 4 HHs day 4x180 700 504,,000

Livelihood/Agriculture Assistance HHs 253 25,000 6,325,000

Basic Technical Skill Training HHs 132 55,000 7,260,000

Advanced Technical Skill Training HHs 13 80,000 1,040,000

Vulnerable Allowance No. 202 75,000 15,150,000

Compensation for Loss of Private Trees LS 225,000 Community Support & Awareness program LS 9,500,000 Total 198,260,000 Contingency 10% 19,826,600 Grand Total 218,086,000

Page | 61 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Institutional Arrangement

CHAPTER X: INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENT

A. GENERAL 200. In accordance with the PAM, THL is in charge of the THP, whereas NEA is responsible for the transmission line and rural electrification components. Although NEA remains responsible for the two mentioned components, there has been a transfer of the EA arrangement for the transmission line from NEA to THL, which is mainly due to the necessity for NEA and THL to agree on a personnel plan, where THL might need to request NEA to transfer some of their personnel to execute the program. 201. THL has a dedicated Environment and Social Safeguard Management Unit (ESMU) to handle social and environment safeguard issues. The positions of the ESMU require full time, qualified and experienced staff to deal with environmental and social safeguard issues of the Project and to ensure that all safeguard plans are diligently implemented. The ESMU’s four positions are (i) one head of the unit, (ii) two specialists on environment and resettlement, and (iii) one communication specialist. 202. Under the ESMU, an Environmental and Social Management Service Provider (ESMSP) has been recruited to support THL on planning, preparing, implementing and monitoring environmental and social safeguard activities and measures. The ESMSP will work directly with the ESMU. The ESMU in cooperation with ESMSP and with support from the PSC has not only to deal with social and environmental safeguard issues of the Project, but also to and ensure that all safeguard plans are diligently implemented. B. KEY ACTORS, FUNCTIONS AND ROLES. 203. In THP, there are some key actors whose roles, functions and responsibilities are closely interlinked which require them to work in a coordinated manner to implement the RIPP. The key actors and their roles are as presented in Table - 74below. Table 74: Key actors, functions and roles Key Actors Functions/Roles Remarks THL Central / national and corporate level policy making including policy In coordination with reforms for land acquisition/ compensation, resettlement and NEA/DOED/Line Ministry and rehabilitation that are practical and acceptable to the people. other high level bodies. THP Planning, supervision and internal monitoring of social safeguards In close coordination with the programs; implementation, supervision and progress reporting of field Project office at centre and works field. ESMU Day to day planning and implementation of project construction and ESMU will support to carry out safeguard activities and progress reporting on a regular basis. ESMU the works closely with other to work proactively on all safeguard related issues in all stages, actors including especially on compensation payment and resettlement activities. CDC/NGOS/contractor CDC The CDC is a body with legal stand which will be responsible to Will work in close coordination address all issues/ grievances relating to land and property with other actors of GRM viz acquisition, compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation. ESMU R/Municipalities All 5 R/Municipalities will assist to resolve local level issues on RIPP The ESMU will coordinate with implementation including compensation in close coordination with R/Municipalities to carry out Project/ APs. their roles/ functions. NGOs/CBOs Specialized/capable NGOs to work responsibly to provide R&R Work in close coordination with assistance/income restoration/ livelihood improvement. APs/ ESMU/Project/ Contractor. ESMSP Cooperating with THL on planning, preparing, implementing and Work in close coordination with monitoring environmental and social safeguard activities and ESMU. measures 204. Operational Framework of Different Actors: The following bullets provide operational framework within which the key actors are expected to discharge their functions and responsibilities on a regular basis.  Implementation of procedures to minimize adverse social impacts including acquisition of land and assets throughout the planning, design and implementation phases and accurately record all project-affected persons/households, by means of census and asset verification and quantification exercises, and the issuing of identification,  Establishment of CDC and its procedures for the co-ordination of resettlement and compensation activities,  Use of R/Municipalities along with the concerned wards to address the social issues associated with the project. The R/Municipalities (a) ensure ongoing dissemination of project information to affected households, (b) structure, regulate and strengthen communication between affected households/communities, (c) involve affected households/communities and local government structures in

Page | 62 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Institutional Arrangement social impact management, grievance resolution and monitoring,  Distribution of copies of the approved entitlement policy, and follow-up community meetings to ensure full understanding of its contents,  Capacity-building initiatives for THL and local NGOs/CBOs to create a supportive environment for the implementation of RIPP activities, including training on accepted resettlement and rehabilitation practices, training in the establishment of compensation plans for affected households,  Co-ordination with other government line agencies to ensure effective delivery of mitigation and rehabilitation support measures, and  Collaboration with NGOs/CBOs to provide grassroots expertise and resources in the areas such as project information campaigns, awareness raising, community participation and mobilization, poverty alleviation, income-generation, and impact monitoring of the projects. C. ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK 205. An organizational setup for the RIPP implementation is necessary for effective coordination to ensure compliance with policies and procedures, land acquisition and resettlement activities and implementation of mitigation measures. To ensure the achievement of these activities, the organization for the RIPP implementation and management will occur at both central and district project level as shown in Figure 2.

Tanahu Hydropower Limited Managing Director

Tanahu Hydropower Project Project Manager

Package 3 ESMU Contractor

ESMSP Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Unit (LARU) R/Municipality & CDC

Local Govt. External Monotors/POE Agency/NGOs

RIPP Implementation, Monitoring and Supervision

Figure 2: Institutional Arrangement

Page | 63 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Institutional Arrangement

C.1 Central Level Arrangement i) THL THL executes all the activities related management of the THP at central level. It will be responsible for the overall control and management of THP. It will also be responsible for the coordination of work of the project at central level with NEA and central line agencies. It is proposed that THL will implement monitoring program and some of the social mitigation work in coordination with concerned line agencies. ii) Central Level Line Agencies The central level line agencies such as NEA, Ministry of Energy, Water Resource and Irrigation, Ministry of Forests and Environment and Department of Electricity Development have responsibility for the monitoring of project activities with regards to Environmental and Social Management, Mitigation and Monitoring Plan. THL will coordinate with central level line agencies regarding the monitoring work. C.2 Project Level Arrangement i) Project Manager The THP Project Manager will have overall responsibility regarding implementation of the RIPP. IT will be responsible for coordination with ESMU, CDC and ESMSP and construction Contractor. The Project Manager will be responsible to make sure the incorporation of RIPP recommendations in tender document and contract agreement and allocation of necessary budget for the implementation of the program. He/she will be responsible for the overall coordination of the work and make final decision on environmental, social and public concern issues. Under the THP Project Manager Office, a Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation Unit (LARU) will be established. The in-charge of unit will be responsible for the acquisition of land and house, asset valuation and verification, implementation of compensation and rehabilitation grant (house rent, transportation and dislocation allowances) and coordination of the work with District and Central level agencies with regard to acquisition of private property. ii) Environment and Social Management Unit (ESMU) The Environment and Social Management Unit (ESMU) will be responsible for day to day management of the project, implementation of social support program, environmental mitigation measures, and coordination of work with LARU, with municipalities, ESMSP, DCCs and other district level line agencies. The unit will work under the guidance of THP/THL. The ESMU will have full set of technical staff to plan and implement the proposed resettlement and rehabilitation activities. Alternatively, the project may also recruit competent NGOs to carry out the activities under its close guidance and supervision. However, NGO selection should be made based on certain level of performance rating criteria. These may include but not limited to: i) certain years of relevant working experience ii) adequate and skilled manpower to conduct training and other programs such social awareness, health awareness, skill and income generating/restoration activities including livelihood improvement iii) gender inclusive in nature so that gender issues and issues of vulnerable groups are properly framed and addressed iv) proven technical and financial soundness to work in the communities. iii) Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) A Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) will be formed as per the land Acquisition Act 2034 BS (1997 AD)to fix compensation for loss of land and other private property. The main functions of the CDC will be confirmation of entitled process, assessment/identification of APs/HHs, compensation determination for land and private property and grievance resolution. iv) Local R/Municipalities The R/Municipalities shall coordinate to address social issues associated with the project. The R/Municipalities with the concerned wards will a) ensure ongoing dissemination of project information to affected households, (b) structure, regulate and strengthen communication between affected households/communities, (c) involve affected households/communities and local government structures in social impact management, grievance resolution and monitoring.

Page | 64 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Institutional Arrangement

iii) Construction Contractor The construction contractor will be responsible for implementation of some of the social mitigation measures specified in his part and compliance with the tender clauses. The contractor will be responsible for implementation of construction related mitigation measures such as occupational safety, recruitment of local labor, health and sanitation measures etc. iv) District Level Line Agencies The district level line agencies such as District Administration Office, Land Revenue Office, District Coordination Committee Office and Division Forest Office will be consulted regarding implementation of the RIPP. vi) Donor Agency Donor agency(s) will have specific responsible for the monitoring of compliance of loan agreement. The experts from donor agency will review the project plan and program, and make direct observation at site to make sure the implementation mechanism is going smoothly and public concerns are well considered. D TRAINING FOR CAPACITY BUILDING 206. It is equally important in terms of planning, implementing and supervising the safeguard activities and much of the success of the envisaged plans and programs depends on how well these are carried out by the team in a coordinated manner. However, given the limited level of knowledge and exposure of the staff within the current institutional set up of THL, it is pertinent to organize training for them on a periodic basis. This will not only enhance overall internal capacity of THP and THL for this project but also contribute to long term capacity building. A training plan should be developed and implemented at earliest stage, for which different training modules are to be prepared. Priority training modules to be carried out are (i) skill training for Environmental and Social Assessment Studies/Planning including RIPP (ii) Training on the Implementation of RIPP and (iii) Training of Trainers on the above topics relating to environmental and social safeguards in hydro power development programs. The training should be designed for selected staff of the THL. A tentative plan and indicative budget is provided in Table - 75 below for the above mentioned trainings. Table 75: Proposed Training Module and Tentative Budget Training Modules Participants Participants/ Frequency Tentative (Approx/ No.) Agencies Budget (NRs.) 1. Environmental and social 10 (1 week) Social and Yearly 250,000 assessment studies/planning environmental including RIPP experts/ staff/ consultant from THL 2. Training on the 10 (1 week) Social and Yearly 250,000 implementation of RIPP environmental experts/ staff/ consultant from THL 3. Training of trainers (TOT) 10 (2 weeks) Social and Yearly 400,000 environmental experts/ staff/ consultant from THL Sub-total 900,000 Contingencies (10%) 90,000 Total 990,000

Page | 65 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Implementation Schedule

CHAPTER XI: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

207. The TLP will ensure that funds are delivered on time to CDC and the implementing consultants for timely distribution of compensation and preparation and implementation of RIPP, as applicable. The compensation issues and rehabilitation measures will be completed before starting the main construction work. The RIPP implementation schedule is presented in Table - 76 below.

Page | 66 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Implementation Schedule Table 76: Implementation Schedule of RIPP Year/Month 2020 2021 S.N. Tasks

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 10 11 12

Submission of RIPP for 1  approval Finalize list of affected 2 people in consultation  with PAPs/HHs Submit final report to 3 CDC for compensation  determination Notice publication of 4  affected land Consultation, and 5   grievance resolution CDC meeting and 6 compensation   determination Inform PAPs/HHs for 7   the compensation claim Collect application from 8 the PAPs/HHs for   compensation Verify the application 9 and prepare final list of   PAPs/HHs Pay compensation for 10    eligible PAPs/HHs Contract agreement 11   with Contractors Transferring the land 12    ownership Internal Monitoring of 13 RIPP implementation        progress External monitoring of 14   RIPP implementation Final evaluation of 15  RIPP implementation

Page | 67 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Monitoring and Reporting CHAPTER XII: MONITORING AND REPORTING

A. GENERAL 208. One of the main objectives of the project is to improve living standard of the affected people/households or at least restore their livelihood to pre-project level by implementing appropriate mitigation measures. Effective monitoring and evaluation systems will be introduced to ensure it by the project. B. MONITORING 209. Internal and external monitoring will be conducted to: (a) record and assess project inputs and the number of persons/households affected and compensated and (b) confirm that the living standard of the affected persons/households improved or at least restored to pre-project level. The external consultant assigned by THL will submit annual report regarding progress of the RIPP implementation. B.1 Internal Monitoring and Reporting 210. The project will conduct internal monitoring social activities especially the compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation grant and other social parameters arises during RIPP implementation. The ESMSP is required to submit quarterly reports on social and environmental safeguards activities and compliance issues to THL. The ESMSP reports to THL on the corrective actions taken to solve issues together with other major social and environmental compliances. THL after verification submits the quarterly reports to funding agencies. The funding agencies later disclose the reports received from THL. The ESMSP will also submit monthly reports to THL detailing the major activities carried out during the month. However, the monthly reports are not shared with external entities. 211. The ESMU will conduct monitoring work as per schedule for different parameters. The Unit Chief will maintain a record of all transactions in their database, followed by entitlement records signed by the affected persons/households and survey based monitoring of implemented RIPP activities including resettlement and land acquisition progress. A performance data sheet will be developed to monitor social activities of the project at the field level. Schedule reporting of environmental and social safeguards will be submitted to the ADB. 212. Field level monitoring will be carried out through:  Review of census survey information of the project affected HHs/persons  Consultation and informal interview with project affected persons/households  Random sample survey of project affected HHs  Key informants interview  PRA/FGD  Public consultation

B.2 External Monitoring 213. An independent consultant will be hired for monitoring RIPP implementation. The consultant will work in association with the ESMU/ESMSP at site for monitoring of social and environmental impacts of the project. The external monitor will monitor and verify RIPP implementation to determine whether resettlement goals have been achieved and provide recommendation for improvements. Schedule reporting of environmental and social safeguards will be submitted to the ADB. 214. Due Diligence : The THL will engage an independent NGO to verify the compensation payments and receipt process. The agency submits reports after thorough verification to THL later to forward to the funding agencies. 215. Panel of Experts (PoE): The PoE assigned by THL reviews the project performance on social and environmental safeguards and provides guidance to ESMU and ESMSP for improvements. The PoE conducts meetings with APs/HHs and stakeholders and also reviews internal and external monitoring reports and advises corrective measures. C. MONITORING PARAMETER, METHOD SCHEDULE AND LOCATION 216. Land acquisition, compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation issues, damage of standing crop, occupational safety and employment are the major parameters of monitoring. All social monitoring indicators will be developed and disaggregated at three levels: i) output ii) outcome and iii) impact level. Both internal and external monitoring system will require to provide adequate attention to assess the progress or performance for these indicators with evidences based on quantitative and qualitative facts. A generic social monitoring framework of the project is provided in Table - 77.

Page | 68 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Monitoring and Reporting Table 77: Monitoring parameters, method, schedule and location Parameters Indicators Method Schedule Location

A. Construction Phase Water supply Chemical and Sampling and laboratory 6 months Temporary camp and bacteriological analysis nearby hotels, parameters such as E. settlement etc. Coli. Public health Types of disease and Meeting and discussion 2 months Project affected incidence of disease in with local health posts municipalities/wards the project workers and district hospitals and local community Land Acquisition Acquisition of land, Cross checking the list of 2 months Tower foundation, lease of land and compensation RoW and leased temporary area disturbances in land House Acquisition Relocation of house, Observation of new 2 months Affected area and compensation, use of construction area, cross relocation sites construction material checking the list of etc. compensation etc. Crop Actual damage to Observation and Weekly Tower foundation, standing crop or loss discussion RoW and leased of cropping season for area the particular area

Economy Local employment, Meeting and discussion 2 months Project affected area rental, sell of with local communities consumable goods First Aid Availability of first Aid Observation and record Periodic as Project site review per construction schedule Losing of life and Compensation to Interview/observation periodic Project site disability losing of life and disability Occupational safety Adequacy of Interview/observation Periodic as Project site occupational safety per measures (helmets, construction boots, warning signs schedule etc.) and use of safety gears Employment Employment of local Cross checking the list of 2 months Project site labor including women employment and children Camp site Campsite Site observation, 2 months Permanent and management including interaction with laborers, temporary camps lodging arrangement contractors and campsite facilities Lease of land Temporary leasing of Site observation, 2 months Leased area private land contractors, check contract agreement Discrimination Discrimination of wage Interaction with labors, 2 months Project site rate between male and labor survey, record of female workers wage payment

Public land Encroachment into Visit the identified public 2 months Project site public land like grazing land interact with local land, forest etc. people, take photographs

Page | 69 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Monitoring and Reporting Parameters Indicators Method Schedule Location

Migration Migration Review of land holding 2 months Project area /displacement of local records, discussion with people local people Accidents Incidence of Discuss with local Weekly Project site accidents/health people, records of health hazards institutions Land price Changes in the land Discuss with farmers and 6 months RoW area price, land use and extension workers, agricultural practices, agricultural statistics of productivity and crop District Agriculture Office export

Social and cultural State of social Police records, 2 months Project affected practices harmony and social discussion with local municipalities/wards security (gambling, residents/municipalities/ prostitution, wards alcoholism, narcotism etc.) Life style Changes in the living Interview with families, 6 months HHs/PAFs standard of people municipal records, discussion with local leaders, NGOs/CBOs

B. Operation Phase Employment Employment of local Site observation, Annually Project office labor including women attendance record, and children interaction with laborers and contractors Health and safety Use of health and Site observation, Annually Project office safety measures interaction with laborers, contractors Wages rate Discrimination of wage Interaction with laborers, Annually Project workers rate between male labor survey, record of and female workers wage payment Migration Migration Review of land holding Annually Project area /displacement of local records, discussion with people local people

Health hazards Incidence of Discuss with local Annually Project site accidents/health people, records of health hazards institutions Land price Changes in the land Discuss with farmers and Annually Project area price, land use and extension workers, agricultural practices, agricultural statistics of productivity and crop District Agriculture Office export

Living standard Changes in the living Interview with families, Annually HHs/PAFs standard of people records of municipalities/wards, discussion with local leaders, CBOs

Page | 70 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Monitoring and Reporting Parameters Indicators Method Schedule Location

Economic status Changes in economic Interview and discussion Annual HHs/PAFs condition of local people due to withdrawal of economic opportunity

D. REPORTING 217. The ESMU will be responsible for preparation of the RIPP Monitoring Report. The report will be distributed through Project Manager’s office to the concerned agencies. The unit will prepare following reports. D.1 Construction Phase Report 218. The construction phase RIPP Monitoring Report will be prepared on quarterly basis and annual RIPP Monitoring Report will be prepared at the end of each calendar year. A final Monitoring Report will be prepared after the completion of the construction work. D.2 Operation and Maintenance Phase Report 219. Operation and maintenance phase Monitoring Report will be prepared for the two years following the construction. The ESMU will prepare this report for project. The report will describe status of implemented mitigation measures, problems and recommended solution. The report shall clearly identify where operational mitigation measures are not being met or where mitigation efforts are inadequate to protect social impacts. Unanticipated adverse impacts of the project will be clearly identified. Measures to solve problem will be proposed and be funded by the THL. E. IMPACT EVALUATION 220. After completion of the construction work (2 years) an impact evaluation study will be conducted. The evaluation study will focus on following aspects:  Evaluation of RIPP activities implementation focusing on resettlement and land acquisition activities.  Evaluation of RIPP activities by summing up outcomes of the activities as per the RIPP.  Socioeconomic census survey to measure changes in living standard of the affected households/persons compared to pre-project situation.

Page | 71 Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annexes

ANNEXES

Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex I : Approach and Methodology

Annex I: APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex 1: Approach and Methodology

A. General 1. The study team has adopted a participatory approach with maximum involvement of different stakeholders of the project at the local and district levels to generate relevant information for the RIPP. The study team maintained close contacts with the district level relevant government agencies, elected representatives of local bodies, local leaders, social workers, leaders of indigenous and vulnerable communities, CFUGs, CBOs and other key stakeholders of the project area while conducting the fieldwork for the RIPP. 2. The methodology to collect required data/information include but not limited to literature review, identification of stakeholders, socioeconomic census of directly project affected households/landowners, key informant interview (KII), participatory rapid appraisal (PRA) with project affected people and other stakeholders in wards and major settlements, focus group discussion (FGD) with women; vulnerable groups and indigenous people, market survey, informal discussion/meeting with elected representatives of local government and officials, leaders of political parties and indigenous people, social workers, and field observations. The following methodology has been applied to collect socioeconomic data for the RIPP. B. Study Area Delineation 3. Based on the review of maps, IEE, SIEE and Route Alignment Survey Report of the project and field assessment, the study area was defined as the area for the construction of the proposed 220 kV transmission line as well as the area that will be impacted due to the construction and operation of the TL for the study. The project area includes 7 wards including two wards of Vyas Municipality (ward no. 13 and14), one ward of Bandipur (ward no.6), Aanbookhaireni (ward no.6) and Devghat (ward no.4) rural municipalities of Tanahu district and two wards of Bharatpur Metropolitan (ward no. 5 and 29) of Chitwan district. The project area does not lie in the national park, the wildlife reserve, the buffer zone, conservation area and environmentally sensitive & fragile areas. The study area was divided into two parts based on the proximity and magnitude of impacts as follows: B.1 Core Project Area 4. The “Core Project Area” consisting of the 30m Right of Way (RoW), encompassing 15m on each side of the alignment measured from its centerline. The settlements and area within 500m on either side were also considered under core area. This area was also defined as the “Direct Impact Zone”. B.2 Surrounding Area 5. The term ''Surrounding Area'' indicates a wider area, which will be directly or indirectly influenced by the construction and operation of the project. This area included all alignment encompassing wards of the municipality and rural municipalities of Tanahu and wards of Bharatpur Metropolitan of Chitwan excluding areas mentioned as core project area. This area also termed as the “Indirect Impact Zone”. C. Literature Review 6. Relevant literature including survey reports, IEE reports of the TL project, publications of the Central Bureau of Statistics, District Profile of Tanahu, Profiles of Vyas Municipality, Bandipur Rural Municipality, Devghat Rural Municipality and Bharatpur Metropolitan, and other relevant documents/reports were collected and reviewed. Particularly the following documents were reviewed for secondary data/information:  Route Alignment Survey of Damauli – Bharatpur 220kV D/C Transmission Line, Final Report, 2015.  IEE Report of Upper Seti (Damauli)-Bharatpur 220 kV TL Project (Volume I and II), ESSD/EA, 2010.  SIEE Report of 220 kV T/L Project of Tanahu Hydropower Project, THL, 2017.  National Population and Housing Census 2011 (Village Development Committee/Municipality), Volume 02, National Population and Housing Census 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Nepal.  District Profile of Tanahu, 2073.  Profile of Bharatpur Metropolitan, 2074.  Profile of Vyas Municipality, 2075.  Profile of Devghat Rural Municipality, 2075.  Profile of Bandipur Rural Municipality.  Constitution, Policies, Acts and Rules and Guidelines.  Safeguard Policy Statement 2009, ADB, Manila.  Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards ‘A Planning and Implementation Good Practice Sourcebook – Draft Working Document’, November 2012.  OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement and OP 4.10 Indigenous People, World Bank

- 1 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex 1: Approach and Methodology

D. Criteria Used for Defining Indigenous People and Vulnerable Groups 7. After review of information related to indigenous peoples and vulnerable groups in the project area, indigenous people, Dalit and women headed households were identified as vulnerable groups that merited consideration in the study. The indigenous (Aadibasi/Janjati) caste/ethnic groups found in the project area are Magar, Gurung, Darai, Newar, Bhujel, Tamang and Chepang. Of the indigenous caste/ethnic groups of the project area, Chepang is highly marginalized, Tamang, Darai and Bhujel are marginalized, Gurung and Magar are disadvantaged and Newar is advanced. These groups are within 59 classified Aadibasi/Janjati groups by the government. Although listed under indigenous category these IPs have no distinct characteristics and almost all follows the similar social and cultural tradition, use common Nepali language and socially mixed up with other caste/ethnic groups. Kami, Damai and Sarki are the Dalit who are the marginalized groups of the area. Almost all these groups are highly dependent on subsistence farming and wage employment for their livelihood. The following groups were initially considered as potential vulnerable groups for this study:  Women headed households;  Households headed by the physically disabled;  Indigenous people (Aadibasi/Janjati), and  Dalit (Kami, Damai, Sarki etc.). E. Identification of Stakeholders and Consultations 8. The key stakeholders of the project are the people/households directly affected due to loss of land; house; cowshed; private trees or imposed land use restriction. The Other stakeholders of the project are elected officials of local government, political party leaders, leaders of indigenous community, social workers, teachers, government officials, representatives of community forest user group (CFUG) and other influential people of the project area. During the fieldwork, these stakeholders were identified with the help of district and local level government officials, elected representatives of local government (municipality/rural municipality), field team of THP, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), Community Based Organizations (CBOs), teachers and social workers of the area. The identified stakeholders were consulted to solicit their views, concerns regarding the project and their expectations from the project as they will be the directly or indirectly affected people by the TL project, and have important role to influence the project implementation. F. Preparation of Study Tools 9. After review of relevant reports and documents, draft study tools were prepared to collect required information/data from field. The draft study tools were shared with THL professionals for their comments and suggestions. After receiving their valuable inputs, the draft study tools were finalized in Kathmandu. The study tools were pretested in Myagde Rural Municipality of Tanahu (outside the project area), finalized based on findings of the pretest and used in the field. G. Sample Distribution 10. 10. The sample includes census (socioeconomic survey) of 136 directly affected households/landowners (total 197 HHs/landowners), 7 ward level participatory rapid appraisal (PRA) with project affected people/stakeholders in each of the project affected wards, 7 settlement level PRA in the major affected settlements, 14 key informant interviews (KIIs), 14 market survey in different locations of the project affected wards and 7 focus group discussions (FGDs) with indigenous/vulnerable groups (female, Dalit and Janjati) and others including one FGD in each directly affected ward of Vyas Municipality, Bandipur, Aanbookhaireni and Devghat Rural Municipalities of Tanahu district, and Bharatpur Metropolitan of Chitwan district (Table - 1). Table - 1: Sample Distribution Previous Previou Affected New New Sample Distribution VDC/ s Wards Wards Municipality/R Affected HH Survey Ward Settlement FGD Market KII Municipality ural Ward Target Achieved PRA PRA Survey Municipality Pokhari 5, 6, 7 5 Vyas 13 59 37 1 1 1 2 2 11Bhanjyang Municipality Keshav Tar 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4 Vyas 14 80 39 1 1 1 2 2 Municipality Deurali 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 Aanbookhaireni 6 21 10 1 1 1 2 2 5, 6, 7,8, Rural

11Ward no. 2, 3 & 4 of Pokharibhanjyang VDC merged with Vyas Municipality ward no. 13 & ward no. 5, 6 & 7 of Keshav Tar (later merged with Pokhari Bhanjyang) merged with Vyas Municipality ward no. 14 first & later ward no. 13 & 14 of to ward 13 of Vyas Municipality. - 2 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex 1: Approach and Methodology Previous Previou Affected New New Sample Distribution VDC/ s Wards Wards Municipality/R Affected HH Survey Ward Settlement FGD Market KII Municipality ural Ward Target Achieved PRA PRA Survey Municipality 9 Municipality Dharampani12 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2 Bandipur Rural 6 67 42 1 1 1 2 2 Municipality Kafaldanda 8, 9 8, 9 Devghat Rural 4 11 7 1 1 1 2 2 Municipality Bharatpur 1 1 Bharatpur 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 Municipality Metropolitan Kabilash 1-9 7 Bharatpur 29 4 0 1 1 1 2 2 Metropolitan 8 5 7 253 136 7 7 7 14 14 Source: Route Alignment Survey of Damauli – Bharatpur 220kV D/C Transmission Line, Final Report, 2015 H. Field Work 11. As an integral part of the RIPP, the fieldwork of the “Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation”was started from February 10, 2019 and completed on February 22, 2019 that provided basis for the RIPP and later in the first week of December 2019, a rapid assessment of the project area was made by experts for technical assessment/feasibility of projects/activities requested/demanded by the local people during the social survey and stakeholder consultation. H.1 Census of Directly Affected Households 12. An attempt was made for census (Socioeconomic) of 197 directly project-affected households/land owners (whose land and house will be acquired by the project or whose land fall under RoW) as identified by the Route Alignment Survey, 2015 during the census (Table - 1). However, due to migration of land owners, absence of household members/owners at the time of survey and difficult to identify households/land owners, only 136 households/land owners were identified and interviewed (Table - 2). Table - 2: Total Number of Project Affected Households Municipalities Project Affected Households No. Percent Aanbookhaireni 10 7.4 Bandipur 42 30.9 Devghat 7 5.1 Vyas 76 55.9 Bharatpur 1 0.7 Total 136 100 Source: Field Survey, 2019. The socioeconomic data included but not limited to demography, family structure, caste/ethnicity, education, health and sanitation, drinking water, religion, house/other private structures, income and expenditure, migration, landholding, agriculture, cropping pattern, livestock, household assets, family debt, migration, gender, energy use, source and consumption of electricity and opinion/attitude of people regarding the project. The household survey was conducted using a semi-structured household survey questionnaire (Annex-II). H.2 Key Informant Interviews 13. Altogether 14 key informant interviews conducted with purposively selected key informants of the project area including two key informant interviews from each project affected ward by the TL project to assess their views, concerns and expectations from the project and relevant information of the project area. The interviews were conducted using in-depth interview guidelines (Table - 3 and Annex- II). Table - 3: Details of Key Informants S.N. Name Age Sex Education Position Address/Contact No. 1 Lekh Bahadur Rana 68 M Literate Ward Pokhari Bhanjyang, Ward no. 13, Chairperson Vyas 2 Laxmi Kanta Mishara 55 M B. Ed. Ward Member Pokhari Bhanjyang, Ward no. 13, Vyas, 9846235243 3 Mohan Kumar Thapa 43 M SLC - Keshav Tar, Ward no. 14, Vyas,

12Dharampani VDC ward no 1, 2, 3 and 4 first merged with Bandipur Municipality ward 8 (1, 2) & 9 (3, 4) and later changed to Bandipur Rural Municipality ward no. 6. - 3 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex 1: Approach and Methodology S.N. Name Age Sex Education Position Address/Contact No. 9819194854 4 Arun Yadav 23 M AHW HP In-charge Keshav Tar, Ward no. 14, Vyas, 982157802 5 Birkha Kumari Gurung 72 F Literate Ward Member Dharampani, Ward no.6, Bandipur, 9846854021 6 Lal Bahadur Gurung 73 M Literate - Dharampani, Ward no.6, Bandipur, 9846854028 7 Dhan Bahadur Malla 51 M SLC - Jalbhanjyang, Ward no. 6, Aanbookhaireni 8 Suna Ram Gurung 68 M SLC Ward Hilekharka, Ward no. 6, Chairperson Aanbookhaireni, 9845711188 9 Hom Bahadur Gurung 62 M Literate - Kafaldanda, Ward no.4, Devghat, 9845359854 10 Nar Bahadur Thapa 32 M 8 - Sinchang, Ward no.4, Devghat, 986170204 11 Krishna Bdr. Magar 72 M 8 - Thimura, ward no. 1, Bharatpur 12 Devendra Poudel 32 M SLC - Thimura, ward no. 1, Bharatpur 13 Ram Bahadur Magar 62 M 10 Ward Member Jugedi, ward no. 29, Bharatpur 14 Bikash Chepang 32 M 8 - Chaukidanda, ward no. 29, Bharatpur H.3 Focus Group Discussion 14. Among the qualitative techniques, FGD is preferred for its in-depth approach and functionality. For in- depth understanding and analysis of perceptions of stakeholders of the project area, one FGD was conducted with them in each directly affected ward of the project including three FGD with male groups and four FGD with female groups. Altogether 59 participants had participated in the FGD. Of the participants, 42.2% were female; their age varied from 17 years to 62 years; 76.3% representing Aadibasi/Janjati caste/ethnic groups. Of them, 56.7% were literate. Agriculture (94.9%) was the main occupation of the participants (Table - 4 and Annex - III). Table - 4: Description of FGD Participants Description Number Percent Sex Male 25 42.2 Female 34 57.6 Total 59 100 Age 17-19 1 1.7 20-29 6 10.2 30-39 8 13.6 40-49 16 27.1 50-59 16 27.1 60 and above 12 20.3 Total 59 100 Caste/Ethnicity Gurung 26 44.0 Magar 18 30.5 Brahmin 6 10.2 Chhetri 3 5.1 Chepang 1 1.7 Damai 5 8.5 Total 59 100 Education Illiterate 8 13.5 Literate 34 57.6 3 Class 1 1.7 5 Class 4 6.8 8 Class 1 1.7 10 Class 9 15.3 12 Class 2 3.4 Total 59 100 Occupation

- 4 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex 1: Approach and Methodology Description Number Percent Agriculture 56 94.9 Business 2 3.4 Teaching 1 1.7 Total 59 100 The participants for the FGDs were purposively selected with the help of local leaders, teachers and social workers considering maximum representation of different caste/ethnic groups of the project area. The FGD was conducted using a topic guide (Annex - II). H.4 Ward Level PRA 15. Altogether seven ward level PRAs were conducted including one in each affected ward of the project area to collect basic socio economic data, views, concerns and expectations of the local people from the project. Similarly, during the PRA, the participants were also informed regarding the project and its activities as a part of information dissemination to the stakeholders. Altogether 96 participants (40.6% female) had participated in the ward label PRA. Of the participants, 67.7% were Aadibasi/Janjati (Table - 5 and Annex - III). Table - 5: Description of Ward Level PRA Participants Description Number Percent Sex Male 57 59.4 Female 39 40.6 Total 96 100 Caste/Ethnicity Gurung 29 30.2 Magar 20 20.8 Brahmin 19 19.8 Newar 7 7.3 Chepang 5 5.2 Chhetri 4 4.2 Bhujel 3 3.1 Giri 2 2.1 Saha 1 1.0 Yadav 1 1.0 Darai 1 1.0 Kami 4 4.2 Total 96 100 Occupation Agriculture 48 50.0 Service 25 26.1 Business 15 15.6 Teaching 6 6.3 Driving 1 1.0 Lawyer 1 1.0 Total 96 100 The Participants for the PRA were purposively selected representing different caste/ethnic groups, local elected representatives, schoolteachers, business men, farmer, social workers and representatives of NGOs, CBOs, political parties and others. A checklist was developed to facilitate the PRA (Annex - II). H.5 Settlement Level PRA 16. Altogether seven settlement level PRAs were conducted in seven major settlements close to the TL alignment of the project area to collect basic socioeconomic data, views, concerns and expectations of the local people. During the PRA, the participants were also informed regarding the project and its activities as part of information dissemination. Altogether, 89 participants had participated in the PRA including 40.4% women (Table - 6 and Annex - III). Participants for the PRA were purposively selected representing different caste/ethnic groups, local leaders and teachers. A checklist was developed to facilitate the settlement level PRA (Annex - II).

- 5 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex 1: Approach and Methodology Table - 6: Description of Settlement Level PRA Participants Description Number Percent Sex Male 53 59.6 Female 36 40.4 Total 89 100 Caste/Ethnicity Brahmin 6 6.7 Newar 1 1.1 Gurung 16 18.0 Magar 59 66.3 Bhujel 4 4.5 Giri 1 1.1 Chepang 1 1.1 Kami 1 1.1 Total 89 100 Occupation Agriculture 77 86.5 Business 5 5.3 Service 2 2.3 Teaching 5 5.3 Total 89 100 H.6 Market Survey 17. Market survey was conducted in 14 different key locations/market centers of the directly project affected wards to collect prevailing market price of agriculture products, consumption goods, construction materials, wage rate and land price. A checklist was prepared to conduct the market survey (Annex - II). H.7 Meetings/Consultations 18. Several informal meetings/consultations were conducted at local and district levels with the key stakeholder of the area including government officials, mayors, ward chairpersons/ward members, teachers, political party leaders, businessmen, field team of THP, social workers, and leaders of indigenous organizations, local NGOs, and CBOs to collect required information about the project area, collect their concerns, issues and expectations as well as inform them about the project and its activities. The Team leader had also consulted Chairperson of Aanbookhaireni, Vice-mayor of Vyas, Chief Executive Officer of Devghat and Bharatpur, and Planning and IT Officers of Bandipur during the course of the fieldwork for information collection and project information sharing. An attempt made to contact Mayors of Vyas, Bharatpur and Bandipur however due to their busy schedule was not possible. G. Team Composition 19. Ten local qualified Enumerators including five female with some previous experience in survey work provided by THP mobilized for the fieldwork (social survey and stakeholder consultation). It had helped to ease the survey process by their familiarity to the area, people and local languages. The Enumerators had worked under direct supervision of two experts having previous experience in similar TL projects. The Sociologist/Field Coordinator was responsible for overall field coordination and monitoring the progress of fieldwork under direct monitoring and supervision of the Team Leader. The RIPP is prepared by a team of professionals specialized in field of social science, resettlement and rehabilitation, infrastructure and community development (Table - 7). Table - 7: Team Composition Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation Team S. N Name of Team Members Designation 1 Mr. Bharat Mani Sharma Team Leader 2 Mr. Pankaj Kumar Pokharel Sociologist/Field Coordinator 3 Mr. Chola Kant Sharma Consultation Expert 4 Mr. Deepak Neupane Database Expert 5 Ms. Kalpana Thapaliya Field Supervisor 6 Ms. Urmila Upreti Enumerator 7 Ms. Sunita Bhujel Enumerator 8 Ms. Sadiccha Magar Enumerator 9 Ms. Garima Thapa Magar Enumerator 10 Ms. Punam Gurung Enumerator

- 6 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex 1: Approach and Methodology 11 Mr. Sher Bahadur Pun Enumerator 12 Mr. Shivaji Budhathoki Enumerator 13 Mr. Nirajan KC Enumerator 14 Prayas Koirala Enumerator 15 Mr. Sujan Khanal Enumerator RIPP Preparation Team S.N. Name of Expert Designation 1. Mr. Bharat Mani Sharma Team Leader/RIPP Expert 2. Mr. Pankaj Kumar Pokharel Sociologist 3. Mr. Niaz Ahmad Civil Engineer H. Training of Enumerators 20. Three days extensive training focusing on objectives of the technical aspects of the project (by THL Engineer), objectives of the study, rapport building, research methods; tools and techniques, field survey, quantitative data collection and data quality assurance was conducted for the local enumerators at THL Field Office, Tanahu. The training was conducted using participatory tools and techniques focusing practical work, sharing and discussion. During the training, the participants conducted pre-test of the study tools in Myagde Rural Municipality of Tanahu district. I. Data Encoding and Analysis 21. The Field Coordinator and Field Supervisor were responsible to make sure that all the required information collected properly and consistent. Any missing or inconsistent information corrected in the field before leaving the site. After completion of the fieldwork, all the collected data was encoded, processed and analyzed in Kathmandu. The household data was processed using Microsoft’s Access and output tables produced, and the qualitative data was processed and analyzed manually. One Database Expert was responsible to develop database program, data cleaning/editing, managing data entry/coding and processing data in Kathmandu. Three Data Entry Operators/Coders worked under direct supervision of the Database Expert. The Database Expert worked in close coordination with the Team Leader. All the primary data collected from field and the secondary data from literature review tabulated and analyzed for the RIPP preparation. J. Categorization of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 22. Matrix method is used to assess impact of the project. The significance of both identified and predicted impacts are evaluated. Based on the evaluation each significant impact was further categorized as high, medium and low in terms of magnitude, short term, medium term and long term in terms of duration and local, site specific and regional in terms of extent. The magnitude, extent and duration were categorized as per the National EIA Guideline 1993. Considering the impacts appropriate mitigation measures are developed. K. Criteria for Defining Project Affected and Vulnerable Households 23. The criteria for defining project affected and vulnerable households have been set based on followings:  Marginally Affected Households: Households losing less than 10.0% of their total land.  Severely Affected Households: Households losing more than 10% of their total land. This includes two sub-categories: i) Households losing more than 10% to 50% of their land and ii) Households losing more than 50% of their land. The households losing residential structures are also included in this category.  Vulnerable Households: Women headedhouseholds, households of indigenous people and Dalit affected by the project are categorized under this category.

- 7 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II : Study Tools

ANNEX II: STUDY TOOLS

Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools

Tanahu Hydropower Project Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation in the Area of 220 kV Transmission Line Project Checklist for Ward Level PRA 1. General Information 1. District:…………………….. 2. Municipality/Rural Municipality: ………………..……… 3. Ward No.: ……….....……… 4. Village/Settlement: ..….…....………………….……….. 5. No. of Participants: ………… 6. Date : ……....……… 7. Facilitator:………...…….………. 8. Details of Participants: S. Name Address Occupation Position Signature N. (if any) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

- 1 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 2. Settlement, Caste/Ethnic Groups and Population 1. Major settlements, caste/ethnic groups and population S.N. Name of Major Settlements of Major Caste/ Estimated HHs and Nearest Settlements the Ward Ethnic Group Population from Alignment/Sub- station HHs M F T Distance (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2. Settlement Pattern

Pattern Name of Settlement Dense

Scattered

3. Land Use Pattern 3.1 Please provide following information on land use of the ward Land Category % of Total Ward Area Area (ha) Forest/Bush Pasture (Grazing land) Waste land (Rock, boulders, erosion etc.) Cultivation Khet Un-irrigated Khet Irrigated Bari Thatch land (Kharbari) Barren Land Other Specify Total 4. Natural Resources and Wildlife 1. What are the main natural resources of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Who are the main users of the resources? 1...... 2...... 3...... 3. Are HHs of your ward satisfied regarding availability of natural resources?1. Yes1. No 3.1 If no, why? 1...... 2...... 3......

- 2 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 4. Do the people of your ward have conflict with people of other ward regarding use of natural resources? 1. Yes 2. No. 4.1 If yes, for which resource and why? (Probe for the natural resource and cause of conflict) Natural Resource Mun./R.M./Ward Cause of Conflict 1...... 1...... 2...... 3...... 2...... ……...... 1...... 2...... 3...... 3...... ……...... 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. Please provide the following details of natural resources of your ward Resource Name/ Av. Distance Accessibility Availability Location from Ward Accessible Inaccessible High Average Low Forest Water Grazing land Public land Mine Others……… 6. Please provide the following details regarding existing community forests of your ward

Name and Address Area Main Species Status Users *Physical of Community (ha) Condition Forest Plant Wildlife Handover No Settlement HHs G A P

Note: *Physical Condition: G= Good, A= Average, P= Poor 7. Are the community forests of this area will be affected due to construction of 220 kV Transmission Line Project of Tanahu Hydropower Project? 1. Yes 2 No 7.1 If yes, how and which forest? Name of Com. Forest 1:…………………………… 1…………………………2……………….………3 …………...... 2:…………………………… 1…………………………2……………….………3 …………...... 3:…………………………… 1…………………………2……………….………3 …………...... 8. Do you have problems of wildlife depredation in your ward? 1. Yes 2.No 8.1 f yes, please provide following information? Wildlife Problem Estimated Annual Loss Remarks (NRs.)

5. Education 1. Percentage of literate population in the ward? Male …………% Female ……………% All…………% 2. What is the status of female education? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 3. What percentage of households sent their school going age daughters to school? ……..….% 3.1 If the percentage is low, ask reason: 1………………. 2…………………3………….……… 4. Who normally do not send their children to school and why? Who (HHs/caste/ethnic group) Reason 1...... 1...... 2...... 3......

- 3 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 5. Educational institutions in the ward

S.N Name &Address Type Year Distance No. of No. of Status of Physical of School Under Established from TL Students Teachers Facilities Operation Alignment T M F T M F Building DW Toilet /Sub. St. Name m

Planned

Note: Status of Physical Facilities: 1= Good, 2= Average, 3= Poor, 4= NA/No 6. Will the existing schools be affected due to construction of the 220 kV Transmission Line Project of Tanahu Hydropower Project? 1. Yes 2. No 6.1 If yes, how and which school? Name of School How? 1:…………………………… 1………………………2……………….………3 ……...……...... 2:…………………………… 1………………………2……………….………3 ……...……...... 3:…………………………… 1………………………2……………….………3 ………...…...... 7. What are the major problems of public educational institutions of your ward?

S.N. Name of the School Major Problems *Required Support

* Probe for physical facilities (library, water supply, toilets, sufficent chairs and tables, blackboards, playgrounds, school building, class room, science equipments etc.) and other support. 6. Health 1. What are the major health problems of local people of the area? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. What are the major diseases seen in this ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 3. What are the treatment methods of the diseases? Disease1:...... 1...... 2...... 3………………… Disease2:...... 1...... 2...... 3………………… Disease3:...... 1...... 2...... 3…………………

- 4 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools

4. Please tell us about existing, under construction and planned health facilities in the ward? S.N. Name and Type Year Distance No. of Accessibility Availability Status of Address of Health Established from Major Service to People of Medicine Physical Facilities Project Provider Facilities Structures Strut m M F Yes No Yes No Build DW Toilet 1

3 Under Construction

2 Planned

Note: Status of Physical Facilities: 1= Good, 2= Average, 3= Poor, 4= NA 5. Will the health facilities be affected by construction of the 220 kV TL? 1. Yes 2. No 5.1 If yes how and which health facilities?...... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Please tell us regarding service quality of the health facilities in your ward? Name of Health Facilities Distance from Ward (walking) Service Quality 1……………………………… ……………..…………………… 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 2……………………………… ……………..…………………… 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 3……………………………… ……………..…………………… 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 6.1 Reason for poor service quality 1...... 2...... 3...... 7. What percentage of people are aware regarding immunization to children?...... % Source of information 1..…………… 2………….. 3…………… … 8. What percentage of people are aware of family planning ………% Source of information 1..…………… 2………….. 3…………… … 9. Availability of family planning services and use of the of the services local people 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 10. If people do not used any means of family planning what is the reason behind it? 1...... 2...... 3...... 11. Type and number of health service providers in the ward. Type of Health S. Provider Number of HE 1:…………………………… ……………………… 1:…………………………… ……………………… 1:…………………………… ……………………… 11. Percentage of people aware of STD/ HIV AIDS and its source of information? …….% aware 10.1. Source of information 1……………………… 2………..….………… 3……………………

- 5 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 7. Drinking Water and Sanitation 1. What are the sources of drinking water for the households of your ward? (Priority order) 1. Public piped water 2. Private piped water 3. Spring 4.well 5.Others...... 2. How do you assess quality of the drinking water? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 3. Percentage of population covered by piped water in the ward...... % 4. Are the drinking water sources sufficient to fulfill the demand of the HHs? 1. Yes 2. No 4.1 If no, for how many months local people face scarcity of water...………..…… …months 4.2 What could be done to fulfill the water demand of the households? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. What percentage of HHs have constructed toilets in this ward?...... % 6. How do you assess environmental sanitation condition in ward? 1. Good 2. Ave. 3. Poor 7. Existing practices of waste management in the ward? Type Practice Remarks Solid waste 1. 2. 3. Liquid waste 1. 2. 3 8. What could be done to improve drinking water and sanition condition of your ward? Drinking water:1...... 2...... 3...... Env. Sanitation: 1...... 2...... 3...... 9. Are there NGOs/INGOs/others are working in DW& sanitation area in the ward? 1. Yes 2. No. 9.1. If yes, please provide the following details. Name of NGOs/INGOs& OthersProgram/ActivitiesTarget Group Focus Area 1...... 2...... 3...... 4...... 1...... 2...... 3...... 4...... 1...... 2...... 3...... 4...... 8. Gender 1. What are the major activities of women of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Are there cultural/social/religious barriers/areas for women to work in certain areas of certain caste/ethnic groups? 1. Yes 2. No 2.1 If yes, what barriers/area and how break the barriers? Caste/ethnic group Barriers Suggestions for improvement 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3…….….… 2...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3…….….… 3...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3…….….… 3. Are there potential income generating activities for women in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No 3.1 If yes, what are they? 1...... 2...... 3……….….….…. 4. Do women of your ward have special interest/capacity for certain enterprise? 1. Yes 2. No Areas of interest: 1...... 2...... 3...... Existing capacity:1...... 2...... 3......

- 6 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 5. What are the potential income generating activities (agriculture/off farm/forest, local skill based activities etc.) for women in this ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 6. What are the major issues of women? (Probe for abuse, discrimination, domestic violence, polygamy). 1...... 2...... 3...... 7. Are there NGOs/INGOs working for women empowerment in the ward?1. Yes 2. No. 7.1 If yes, please provide the following details. Name of NGOs/INGOsProgram/ActivitiesTarget Group Focus Area 1...... 2...... 3...... 9. Livelihood 1. What are the major economic activities of local people for their livelihood in your ward? Male : 1...... 2...... 3...... Female : 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. What % of HHs of your ward is able to produce enough food to meet their annual requirement? ...... % 2.1. How the food deficit households of your ward fulfill their food requirements? 1...... 2...... 3...... 3. What percentage of households is landless in your ward? ...... % 3.1 What are the main activities of the landless households for their livelihood? 1...... 2...... 3...... 3.2 What could be done to increase the livelihood of poor and landless households? 1...... 2...... 3...... 4. What are the main agriculture products of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. What important commodities are exported from this ward? Commodities: 1...... 2...... 3...... 6. Are there NGOs/INGOs working to improve livilihood of people in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No 6.1. If yes, please provide the following details. Name of NGOs/INGOsProgram/Activities Target Group and Area 1...... 2...... 3...... 10. Migration 1. What is the status of migration (family member away from home for more than two months for work reason) in your ward? 1. High 2.Medium 3. Low 2. Which are the popular destinations of the migrants? 1……………….. 2…………… 3………… 3. What is the seasonal migration pattern? Main Destinations….… Month:……Stay Period:…. 4. What is the status of remittance flow in your ward? 1. High 2.Medium 3. Low 4.1 Where the households normally use the remittance? 1 Food/clothing 2. Education 3. Health 4. Purchase land/plot 5. HH assets6. House/construction/repair 7. Repay/loan/interest 8.Others (specify)......

- 7 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 5. What are the positive and negative impacts of migration in your ward? (Probe for negative impacts such as work load to women, problem of STD/HIV AIDS, family dispute etc.) Positive: 1...... 2...... 3...... Negative: 1...... 2...... 3...... 5.1 How the negative impacts of migration could be minimized? (Probe for negative impacts such as work load to women, problem of STD/HIV AIDS, family dispute etc.) 1...... 2...... 3...... 11. Cultural Features 1. What are the major festivals of your area ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Is any festival is unique in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No 2.1 If yes, which festival and why? Festival Reason 1...... 1...... 2…………………3…….……..……… 3. How do you assess the relationship of various ethnic minorities and high caste groups in the your ward? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 4. Are there important historical, religious, archeological, cremation and cultural sites in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No. 4.1. If yes, what are the historical/religious/archeological, cultural and cremation sites? Why they are important? Name Location Importance 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. Do you think the Transmission Line Project will affect religious, archeological/cultural and cremation sites of your ward? 1. Yes 2. No. 5.1. If yes, what are the historical, religious, archeological and cultural sites and how to protect them? Name Location Measures to Protect 1...... 2...... 3...... 12. Development Activities/Programs in the Ward 1. Has any major development activities/programs implemented in your ward during the last 12 months? 1. Yes 2. No. 1.1. If yes, please provide the following information Implementing agency Activity/program Beneficiary (target group/HHs) 1...... 2...... 3...... 2 How do you assess implementation process of development activities/programs in the ward? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 3. What should be the right process to implement development activity/program in your ward? 1...... 2...... 3......

- 8 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools K. Governmental Institutions and NGOs/CBOs 1. Are there government institutions, important NGOs/CBOs working in your ward? If, yes please provide the following information. S.N. Name Type Focus Major Target Group Area activity/ program All Women Janjati Dalit Others 1 2 3 4

L. Knowledge about the Project, Issues and Concerns 1. Do you know about the 220 kV Transmission Line Project? 1. Yes 2. No. 1.1. If yes, what do you know about the project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 1.2. Who had provided you the information? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Are there issues related to social, economic and culture regarding the TL project? 1. Yes 2. No.

2.1. If yes, what are they? Social Economic Cultural 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 2...... 2...... 3...... 3...... 3...... 3. What do you expect from the transmission line project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 4. What is your opinion regarding implementation of the transmission line project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. How this transmission line project could be successfully implemented? 1...... 2...... 3...... 6. What are the important felt needs of local people of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 7. What could be done to address the needs of the local people? 1...... 2...... 3...... 8. Do you have other Issues/concerns regarding the project? 1...... 2...... 3...... M. Stakeholders of the Ward 1. Please provide the names and address of important stakeholders related to development activities/transmission line project of your ward. S N. Name Position Address Contact No. Remarks 1 2 3 4

- 9 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools Tanahu Hydropower Project Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation in the Area of 220 kV Transmission Line Project

Checklist for Settlement Level PRA

1. General Information 1. District:…………..………….. 2. Municipality/Rural Mun.:…………..………..…….…… 3. Ward no.: ……….....……….. 4. Settlement/Village:……….…..……....……….……….. 5. No. of Participants: ………… 6. Date: …….... 7. Distance from TL Alignment:…… M 7. Name List of Participants S. N. Name Address Occupation Position (if Signature any) 1

2

3

4

5

6

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- 10 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools

2. Population, HHs and Settlement Pattern 1. Total Households Male Female Total ………………………… ………..… …….………… …… 2. Caste/Ethnicity Total # of Households % of Households 1. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 2. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 3. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 4. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 5. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 3. Religion Total # of Households % of Households 1. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 2. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 3. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 4. …………………. …………………………. …………………… 2. Settlement Pattern 1. Settlement Type: 1. Dense 2. Scattered 2. Housing Pattern: 1. Traditional 2. Mixed 3. Modern 3. Education 1. Literate population in the settlement? Male……….%, Female….……%, All……..….% 2. What is the status of female education in the settlement? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 2.1 If, poor of which caste/ethnic group……….. 2.1 How to increase their participation/enrollment? 1………………………………………. 2………………………….. 3…………………. 3. What percentage of households sent their school age daughter to school? ….……%. 3.1 If the percentage is low, why? 1……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.2 Who normally do not send their children to school and why? Caste/ethnic group/class Reason 1…………………………… 1…………………… 2………………… 3………….……… 2…………………………… 1…………………… 2………………… 3………….……… 3…………………………… 1…………………… 2………………… 3………….……… 4. What are the existing educational institutions in your settlement? S.N. Name Total No. of Students Male Female 1 …………………………………… …………………….. …………. ………….… 2 …………………………………… …………………….. …………. ………….… 3 …………………………………… …………………….. …………. ………….… 4. What is the overall status of physical facilities of the educational institutions? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 5. What are the major problems of educational institutions of your settlement? 1...... 2...... 3......

- 11 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 4. Health 1. What are the major health problems of local people of the settlement? 1...... 2...... 3…………...... 2. What are the major diseases seen in this settlement and their treatment methods? Major Diseases Treatment methods 1……………………. 1……………………….. 2……………………. 3…………….……. 2……………………. 1……………………….. 2……………………. 3…………….……. 3……………………. 1……………………….. 2……………………. 3…………….……. 3. Existing health facilities and their service quality in the settlement. Health Facilities Service Quality 1……………………………… 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 2……………………………… 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 3……………………………… 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 4. What are the major problems of the health facilities of your settlement? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. What percentage of people aware of immunization and its source of information? Awareness % Source of Information 1……………………. 1……………………….. 2……………………. 3…………….……. 6. What percentage of people aware of family planning and its source of information? Awareness % Source of Information 1……………………. 1……………………….. 2……………………. 3…… ……….……. 7. Are family planning services available in the settlement? 1. Yes 2. No 8. Available health workers by type and number in the settlement. Type Number 1………………….. …………………….. 2………………….. …………………….. 3………………….. …………………….. 4………………….. …………………….. 6. What percentage of people aware of family planning and its source of information? Awareness % Source of Information 1……………………. 1……………………….. 2……………………. 3…………….……. 7. Percentage of people aware of STD/ HIV Aids and its source of information? Awareness % Source of Information 1……………………. 1……………………….. 2……………………. 3…………….……. 5. Drinking Water and Sanitation 1. What are the sources of drinking water for the households of your settlement? (Priority order) 1. Public tap 2.Private tap 3.Spring 4.Well 5.Others (specify...... ) 2. How do you assess quality of the drinking water ? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 3. Percentage of population covered by piped water in the settlement...... % 4. Are the drinking water sources sufficient to fulfill demand of the HHs? 1. Yes 2. No 4.1 If no, for how many months local people face scarcity of water?...…… …months 4.2What could be done to fulfill the water demand of the households? 1...... 2...... 3......

- 12 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 5. What % of HHs have constructed toilets in this settlement?...... % 6. How do you assess the status of environmental sanitation in the settlement? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 7. What could be done to improve drinking water and sanition condition of your settlement? Drinking water:1...... 2...... 3...... Env. Sanitation:1...... 2...... 3...... 6. Source of Energy Cooking % /No. of HHs Lighting % /No. of HHs 1. Fuelwood cooking ……………….. 1. Fuelwood cooking ……….……….. 2. Kerosene ……………….. 2. Kerosene ………..……….. 3. Electrical ……………….. 3. Electricity ……..………….. 4. LP Gas ……………….. 4. Solar ……..………….. 5. Others……… ……………….. 5. Others……… ………………… 7. NGOs/CBOs, Cooperatives and Projects/Programs in the Settlement 1. Please provide information regarding the NGOs/CBOs functioning in this settlement

S. Name Focus Number Target Group N. Area of Staffs All Dalit Janjati Women Child Others 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. Gender 1. Contribution of women to the main source of household income Sources of income Percentage Agriculture and animal husbandry Service Daily wage/labor Pension Business Cottage industry Fishing Others

2. Is there system of providing private property (Pewa) to women? 1. Yes 2. No 2.1 If Yes, what type of property is provided? 1. Land 2. Jewelry 3. Money 4. Others…………………. 3. Is the suggestion of women considered by the household head for decision making of following events in your society? Suggestions of Women Yes No. 1. Lend/borrow money 1 2 2. Start new business/ profession 1 2

- 13 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 3. Giving birth 1 2 4. Education to school 1 2 5. Marriage of children 1 2 6. Sales/purchase of land/valuable assets 1 2 7. Sale of livestock 1 2 4. Is the decision of women considered in the following agricultural works? Decision of Women Yes No. 1. Choice of seeds type 1 2 2. Plantation time 1 2 3. Harvesting time 1 2 5. Who normally keeps the money for family expenditure? ………………………….. 6. Major issues of women in the area and suggestions to solve the issues 1…………………………………. 2………………………….. 3………….……………. 7. Total number of trained women in the settlement? Training Areas Total 1. Agricultural …………….. 3. Tailoring …………….. 4. Vegetable farming …………….. 2. Traditional birth attendants …………….. 5. Others (specify) …………….. 9. Migration 1. What is the status of migration in the settlement? 1. High 2.Medium 3. Low 2. What are the main reasons for migration and what are the popular destinations? Reason:1……………………………. 2………………………….. 3…………….…………. Popular Destinations:1……………….2………………………….. 3…………….………… 3. What is the status of seasonal migration? 1. High 2. Medium 3. Low 4. What is the status of remittance flow in your settlement? 1. High 2.Medium 3. Low 4.1 Where the households normally use the remittance? 1 Food/clothing 2. Education 3. Health 4. Purchase land/plot 5. HH assets 6. House/construction/repair 7.Repay/loan/interest 8.Others (specify)...... 5. What are the positive and negative impacts of migration in your settlement? (Probe for negative impacts such as work load to women, problem of STD/HIV AIDS, family dispute etc.) Positive:1...... 2...... 3...... Negative:1...... 2...... 3...... 5.1 How the negative impacts of migration could be minimized? (Probe for impacts such as work load to women, problem of STD/HIV AIDS, family dispute, etc.) 1...... 2...... 3...... 10. Festivals, Religious and Cultural Sites 10.1. What are the major festivals of your area? 1……………… 2…………….. 3………..…. 4……………………….. 5………………. 6………………………7………………... 10.2. Are there important historical/religious & cultural sites in your area? 1. Yes 2.No 3.1 If yes, please provide following details

- 14 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools Name Location Importance Remarks

11. Concerns of Local People 1. Do you know about the 220 kV Transmission Line Project? 1. Yes 2. No. 1.1. If yes, what do you know about the project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 1.1.2. Who had provided you the information? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Are there issues related to social, economic and culture regarding the transmission line project? 1. Yes 2. No. 2.1 If yes, what are they? Social Economic Cultural 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 2...... 2...... 3...... 3...... 3...... 3. What do you expect from the transmission line project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 4. What is your opinion regarding implementation of the transmission line project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. How this transmission line project could be successfully implemented? 1...... 2...... 3...... 6.What are the important felt needs of local people of your settlement? 1...... 2...... 3...... 7. What could be done to address the needs of the local people? 1...... 2...... 3...... 8. Do you have other Issues/concerns regarding the project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 12. Other Comments/Suggestions 1...... 2...... 3......

- 15 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools Tanahu Hydropower Project Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation in the Area of 220 kV Transmission Line Project Key Informant Interview Guidelines

A. Background Information 1. District:...... 2. Municipality/RM:...... 3. Ward No:...... 4. Village/Tole:...... 5. Name of Respondent:...... 6. Age...... 7.Sex:...... 8. Education:...... 9. Main Occupation:...... 10. Position (if any):...... 11. Contact Address:...... 12. Interviewer: ...... 13. Date:...... B. Education 1. What is the literacy status of local people of this ward? Overall literacy:...... % 2. What is the literacy status of Dalit of this ward? Literacy:...... % 3. What is the literacy status of Janjati of this ward? Literacy:………..………………………% 4. What is the overall status of physical facilities of educational institutions of your ward? 5. What are the major problems of educational institutions of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 6. What could be done to strengthen the educational facilities of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 7. Are there NGOs/INGOs working in education sector in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No. 6.1. If yes, please provide the following details. Name of NGOs/INGOs Program/Activities Target Group Focus Area 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... C. Health 1. What are the prevalent diseases and their common treatment practices in the area? Disease Common Treatment Practices 1...... 1...... 2……………………....….3…………….…………… 1...... 1...... 2……………………....….3…………….…………… 1...... 1...... 2……………………....….3…………….…………… 2. Are there government health facilities in your ward? 1.Yes 2.No 3. If yes, are they located in accessible location? 1.Yes 2.No 1.1 If no, what is the average walking distance to the health facilities……hrs., Location………….. 4. How do you assess service quality provided by the government health facilities in your ward? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 4.1. If poor, why? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. How the government health facilities providing services in your ward could be strengthend? 1...... 2...... 3...... 6. How do you assess the awareness level of local people regarding STD/HIV AIDS? 1. High 2. Average 3. Low 7. What is the prevalence rate of STD/HIV AIDS in the ward? STD:...... %. HIV AIDS:...... %. 8. Are there NGOs/INGOs working in the health sector in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No.

- 16 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools

8.1. If yes, please provide the following details. Name of NGOs/INGOs Program/Activities Target Group Focus Area 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 3...... 1...... 1...... 1...... D. Drinking Water 1. What are the sources of drinking water for the households of your ward? (Priority order) 1. Public piped water 2. Private piped water 3. Spring 4.well 5.Others...... 2. How do you assess quality of the drinking water? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 3. Percentage of population covered by piped water in the ward...... % 4. Are the drinking water sources sufficient to fulfill the demand of the households? 1. Yes 2. No 4.1 If no, for how many months local people face scarcity of water...………..…… …months 4.2 What could be done to fulfill the water demand of the households? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. What percentage of HHs have constructed toilets in this ward? ...... % 6. How do you assess the environmental sanitation condition in the ward? 1.Good 2. Average 3. Poor 7. What could be done to improve drinking water and sanition condition of your ward? Drinking water :1...... 2...... 3...... Env. Sanitation :1...... 2...... 3...... 8. Are there NGOs/INGOs working in drinking water and sanitation sectors in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No. 8.1. If yes, please provide the following details. Name of NGOs/INGOs Program/Activities Target Group Focus Area 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 3...... 1...... 1...... 1...... E. Gender 1. What are the major activities of women of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Are there cultural/social/religious barriers/areas for women to work in certain areas of certain caste/ethnic groups? 1. Yes 2. No 2.1 If yes, what barriers/area and how break the barriers? Caste/ethnic group Barriers Suggestions for improvement 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3……… 2...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3………. 3...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3………. 3. Are there potential income generating activities for women in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No 3.1 If yes, what are they? 1...... 2...... 3……….….….…. 4. Do women of your ward have special interest/capacity for certain enterprise? 1. Yes 2. No Areas of interest: 1...... 2...... 3...... Existing capacity: 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. What are the potential income generating activities (agriculture/off farm/forest, local skill based activities etc.) for women in this ward? 1...... 2...... 3......

- 17 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 6. What are the major issues of women? (Probe for abuse, discrimination, domestic violence, polygamy). 1...... 2...... 3......

7. Are there NGOs/INGOs mainly working for women empowerment in the ward ? 1. Yes 2. No. 7.1 If yes, please provide the following details. Name of NGOs/INGOs Program/Activities Target Group Focus Area 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 3...... 1...... 1...... 1...... F. Livelihood 1. What are the major economic activities of local people for their livelihood in your ward? Male : 1...... 2...... 3...... Female : 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. What % of HHs of your ward is able to produce enough food to meet their annual requirement? ...... % 2.1.How the food deficit households of your ward fulfill their food requirements? 1...... 2...... 3...... 3. What percentage of households in your ward is landless? ...... % 3.1 What are the main activities of the landless households for their livelihood? 1...... 2...... 3...... 3.2 What could be done to increase the livelihood of poor and landless households? 1...... 2...... 3...... 4. What are the main agriculture products of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. What important commodities are exported from this ward? Commodities: 1...... 2...... 3...... 6. Please provide following inform regarding cropping pattern of your area? Irrigated Khet: 1...... 2...... 3...... 4...... 1...... 2...... 3...... 4...... Un-irrigated: Khet 1 ...... 2...... 3...... 1 ...... 2...... 3...... 1 ...... 2...... 3...... Bari: 1 ...... 2...... 3...... 1 ...... 2...... 3...... 1 ...... 2...... 3...... 7. Are there NGOs/INGOs working to improve livilihood of people in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No 7.1. If yes, please provide the following details. Name of NGOs/INGOs Program/Activities Target Group and Area 1...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 1...... 1...... 1...... 3...... 1...... 1...... 1...... G. Migration 1. What is the status of migration (family member away from home for more than two months for work reason) in your ward? 1. High 2.Medium 3. Low

- 18 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools 2. Which are the popular destinations of the migrants? 1……………….. 2…………… 3…………………. 3. What is the seasonal migration pattern? Main Destinations….……Month:……Stay Period:… 4. What is the status of remittance flow in your ward? 1. High 2.Medium 3. Low 4.1 Where the households normally use the remittance? 1 Food/clothing 2. Education 3. Health 4. Purchase land/plot 5. HH assets 6. House/construction/repair 7. Repay/loan/interest 8. Others (specify)...... 5. What are the positive and negative impacts of migration in your ward? (Probe for negative impacts such as work load to women, problem of STD/HIV AIDS, family dispute etc.) Positive: 1...... 2...... Negative:1...... 2...... 3...... 5.1 How the negative impacts of migration could be minimized? (Probe for negative impacts such as work load to women, problem of STD/HIV AIDS, family dispute etc.) 1...... 2...... 3...... H. Natural Resources 1. What are the main natural resources of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Who are the main users of the resources? 1...... 2...... 3...... 3. Is there right (dfecto/dejure) to use the resources by the people of your ward? 1. Yes 2. No 4. Please provide the following details of natural resources of your ward ? Resource Name/ Av. Distance Accessibility Availability Location from Ward Accessible Inaccessible High Average Low Forest Water Grazing land Public land Mine Others……… 5. Are the households of your ward satisfied regarding the accessibility of the natural resources? 1. Yes 2. No 5.1 If no, why? 1...... 2...... 3...... 6. Are the households of your ward satisfied regarding availability of natural resources?1. Yes 2. No 6.1 If no, why? 1...... 2...... 3...... 7. Do the people of your ward have conflict with people of other ward regarding use of natural resources? 1. Yes 2. No. 7.1. If yes, for which resource and why?Probe for use of forest resources, grazing, public land, mine and water resources and the cause of conflict Natural Resource Ward Cause of Conflict 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3……… 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3……… 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 3……… 8. Do you have problems from wildlife in your ward? 1. Yes 2.No 8.1 If yes please provide following information

- 19 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools Name of Wildlife Type of Estimated Annual Loss Remarks Problem (Rs.)

I. Cultural Features 1. What are the major festivals of your area ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Is any festival is unique in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No 2.1 If yes, which festival and why? Festival Reason 1...... 1...... 2………………………3………..……………. 3. How do you assess the relationship of various ethnic minorities and high caste groups in the your ward? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 4. Are there important historical, religious, archeological, cremation and cultural sites in your ward? 1. Yes 2. No 4.1. If yes, what are the historical/religious/archeological, cultural and cremation sites? Why they are important? Name Location Importance 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 1...... 1...... 3...... 1...... 1...... 5. Do you think the Transmission Line Project will affect religious, archeological/cultural and cremation sites of your ward? 1. Yes 2. No. 5.1. If yes, what are the historical, religious, archeological and cultural sites, and how to protect them? Name Location Measures to Protect ...... J. Development Activities/Programs in the Ward 1. Has any major development activities/programs implemented in your ward during the last 12 months? 1. Yes 2. No. 1.1. If yes, please provide the following information Implementing agency Activity/program Beneficiary (target group/HHs) 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. How do you assess the implementation process of development activities/programs in the ward? 1. Good 2. Average 3. Poor 3. What should be the right process to implement development activity/program in your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... K. Governmental Institutions and NGOs/CBOs 1. Are there government institutions, important NGOs/CBOs working in your ward? If, yes please provide the following information.

- 20 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools

Focus Major activity/ Target Group S.N. Name Type Area program All Women Janjati Dalit Others

L. Stakeholders of the Ward 1. Please provide the names and address of important stakeholders related to development activities/transmission line project of your ward. S.N. Name Position Address Contact No. Remarks 1 2 3 4 5 M. Knowledge about the Project, Issues and Concerns 1. Do you know about the 220 kV Transmission Line Project? 1. Yes 2. No. 1.1. If yes, what do you know about the project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 1.2. Who had provided you the information? 1...... 2...... 3...... 2. Are there issues related to social, economic and culture regarding the transmission line project? 1. Yes 2. No. 2.1. If yes, what are they? Social Economic Cultural 1...... 1...... 1...... 2...... 2...... 2...... 3...... 3...... 3...... 3. What do you expect from the transmission line project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 4. What is your opinion regarding implementation of the transmission line project? 1...... 2...... 3...... 5. How this transmission line project could be successfully implemented? 1...... 2...... 3...... 6. What are the important felt needs of local people of your ward? 1...... 2...... 3...... 7. What could be done to address the needs of the local people? 1...... 2...... 3...... 8. Do you have other Issues/concerns regarding the project? 1...... 2...... 3......

- 21 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools tgx' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;fdflhs ;e{]If0f tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u 5nkmn s[lifhGo / cGo j:t'x?sf] d"No ;DaGwL ahf/ ;j]{If0f kmf/d s= lhNnf M======vM uf= kf= ÷g=kf=M======u= j8f g+ M======3= 7fFpmM======ªM ldltM======!= hUuf O{sfO d"No -?=_ l;+lrt v]t ======cl;+lrt v]t ======af/L ======v/af/L ======38]l/ ======@= vfBfGg d"No -?= ÷lsnf]_ #= kmnkm'n d"No -?=÷lsnf]÷bh{g_ Wffg======;'Gtnf======uxF'======sfutL÷lga'jf======ds}======cf? ======sf]bf]======gf;kftL======hf} ======cDaf======cfn'======s6x/======df; ======s]/f======uxt======d]jf======tf]/L======cfFk======cGo======cGo======$= cGo pTkfbg d"No ?= -ln6/÷dfgf_ %= df; ' d'No ?= -lsnf]_ ^= kfNt' hgfj/ d'No k|lt uf]6f -?=_ b"w======s'v'/f ======/fFuf ======blx======v;L ======b'x'gf] e}+;L ======l3p======/fFuf ======xn uf]? ======t]n======j+u'/÷;'+u'/ ======b'x'gf]ufO{======df5f ======v;L÷afv|f ======j+u'/÷;'+u'/ ======&= lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L OsfO{ d"No ?= sf7 ======O{§f ======l;d]G6======kmnfd] 808L======9'Ëf ======afn'jf======lu§L ======afF; ======*= Hofnf dhb'/L -k|ltlbg_ Hofnf vfgf hDdf ?= s[lif dhb'/ -k'?if_ ======s[lif dhb'/ -dlxnf_ ======l;sdL{ ======8sdL{ ======HofdL -k'?if_ ======HofdL dlxnf_ ======cGo ======(= ;j]{If0f u/]sf]ahf/÷7fFpm af/] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L ======

- 22 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools

Tanahu Hydropower Project Social Survey and Stakeholder Consultation in the Area of 220 kV Transmission Line Project FGD Group Composition Form

District :...... Municipality/ward :...... Location (area) :...... Moderator :...... Facility (venue) : ...... Recorder :...... Group Type :...... Start Time :...... Closing Time :...... Duration :...... Date :......

Participant's Profile

S. N. Name Age Caste/ Education Main Address Position (if Signature Ethnicity Occupation any)

1

2

3

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5

6

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8

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10

- 23 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf ] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;fdflhs ;e{]If0f tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u 5nkmn

nlIft ;d'x 5nkmn lgb{]lzsf s_ kl/ro tyf ;fldKotf -;xeflux? ;+u kl/ro tyf ;fldKotfsf nflu %–!) ldg]6 ;do ljtfpg'; xf];_ !=!= 5nkmnstf{ sf] tofl/M - nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn s] xf] eg]/ ;xeflux? nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpmg'xf];M ;xeflux?nfO{{ cfh xfdLn] s]xL lglZrt ljifodf 5nkmn s]lGb|t ul/ tkfO{x?sf ljrf/ / cg'ejx? jf/] 5nkmnug]{ cj;/ kfPsf] s'/f atfpg'xf]; . - nlIft ;d"x 5nkmnsf] p2]Zojf/] ;xeflux?nfO{{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]M cfh xfdL tkfO{x?;+u tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgf If]qsfs]xL kIfx?af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ 5f} . - ;xeflux?nfO{{ ljZj:t t'Nofpg] sL of] 5nkmn s]jn @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgfIf]qsf] ;fdflhs ;e{]If0fsf nflu xf], pxf‘x?sf ;a} /fo, ;'emfjx? uf]Ko /flvg]5g\ tyf o;sf] k|of]u s]jn cwoogsf nflu dfq ul/g] 5 . - of] 5nkmn s]jn ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ Pp6f cj;/xf] eGg] s'/f ;xeflux?nfO{{ cjut u/fpg] / of] s'g} kl/Iff xf]Og To;}n] o;df s'g} ;lx jf unt pQ/x? x'b}gg\ eGg]] . - tkfO{x?sf ;a} /fo ;'emfjx? ;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds xfd|fnfuL d'Nojfg 5g\ eGg] . - ;xeflux? / cfk'mlar Ps cfk;df ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f ;[hgfug]{, uf]Kotfsf] ljZjf; lbnfpg], ;fldKotf j9fpg] . -xfdLx? bfh'÷efO{, lblb÷alxgL ;/x xf} eGg] efjgfsf] ljZjf; hufpg]_ . !=@ ;fldKotf ;DaGwL k|Zgx?M - cfk\mgf] (Moderator) / l6kf]6stf{ (Recorder) sf] kl/ro lbg] . - ;xeflux?nfO{ cfk\mgf] kl/ro cfkm} lbgsf nflu cg'/f]w ug{] . -s]xL d'Vo hfgsf/Lx? h:t}M ;xeflux?sf] gfd, pd]/, ln+u, hft, lzIff, k]zf cflb ;+sng ug]{_ v_ lzIffM != tkfO{x?sf] ufFpmdf k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfx?sf] ;fIf/tf b/ s:tf] 5 < olb sd 5 eg] lsg < s;/L oxFfsf dlxnfx?sf] ;fIf/tfnfO{ a9fpg ;lsG5 < @= s] tkfO{x? c?x?n] h:t} cfk\mgf] 5f]/Lx?nfO{ ljBfno k7fpg' x'G5 < olb k7fpg' x'Gg eg] lsg < #= o; If]qdf kfPs kg]{ z}lIfs ;:yfx? s] s] 5g\ < s] ToxfF 5fqfx?sf] lzIffsf nflu s'g} ljz]if ;'ljwfx? k|bfg ul/Psf 5g <-5fqj[lt, cnu zf}rfno / cGo Joj:yfkg kIf s:tf5g\ vf]Tng]_ $= tkfO{sf 5f]/f 5f]/Lx?nfO{ o; ufpFjf6 ljBfno hfg slt ;do nfU5 < To; ljBfnosf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf s:tf]5 < ef}lts ;'ljwfx? -ef}lts ;'ljwfx?M ljBfno ejg, k':tsfno, vfg]kfgL, zf}rfno, k|ofKt s'l;{, 6]jn, a]Gr, sfnf]kfl6, v]n d}bfg, sIff sf]7f, lj1fg k|of]uzfnf / ltgsf] cj:yf jf/] vf]tNg]_ u_ :jf:YoM != oxfFsf dflg;x?sf] :jf:Yo ;DaGwL d'Vo ;d:of / /f]ux? s] s] x'g\ < @= oxfFsf dflg;x?n] lj/fdL ePdf s] s:tf pkrf/ ljlwx? ckgfp5g < lsg < -olb k/Dk/fut pkrf/ ljlwdf j9L e/ k5{g eg] sf/0f vf]tNg]_

- 24 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools #= o; If]qdf kfPs ljBdfg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;'ljwfx? -:jf=rf}sL, c:ktfn cflb_ s] s] 5g\ < ToxfF hfg slt ;do nfU5 < ToxfF pknAw :jf:Yo ;]jfx?sf] tkfOn] s;/L d"Nof+sg ug'{x'G5 <-:jf:Yo ;'ljwfx?sf] k|sf/, b'/L, hgzlQmsf] bIftf / plgx?sf] pknAwtf tyf cf}ifwLx?sf] pknAwtf af/] vf]tNg]_ $= s] tkfO{x?nfO{ of}g /f]u, Pr= cfO{= le=÷P8\; ;DaGwL hfgsf/L 5 < obL 5 eg] of}g /f]u / Pr= cfO={ le=÷P8\; nfUg] sf/0fx? s] s] x'g < pQm hfgsf/L tkfO{n] sxfF af6 / s;/L k|fKt ug'{ eof] < 3_ vfg]kfgL M != tkfO{x?sf]] vfg]kfgLsf d'Vo >f]tx? s] s] x'g < lt vfg]kfgLsf >f]tx?sf] kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ s:tf] 5 <-vfg]kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ jf/] vf]tNg]_ @= o; ;d'bfodf slt k|lt;t hg;+Vofn] kfOk -Wff/f_ af6 cfpg] kfgL sf] k|of]u u5{g < #= s] tkfOsf] 7fpmFdf pknAw vfg]kfgLsf >f]tx? ;d'bfosf] vfg]kfgLsf] dfu k'/f ug{ kof{Kt 5g\ < olb 5}gg eg] lsg< tkfO{x?sf]] vfg]kfgLsf] dfu k'/fug{ s] ug'{ k5{ < %= tkfO{x?n] cfˆgf] 3/df zf}rfno agfpg' ePsf] 5 < olb 5}g eg] lsg gagfpg' ePsf] < tkfO{x? zf}r ug{ sxfF hfg'x'G5\ / lsg < ª_ n}+lu+sM != s] tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf dlxnfx?nfO{ k]jf lbg] rng 5 < olb 5 eg] s:tf] ;DklQ / lsg lbg] rng 5 < olb 5}g eg] lsg <-cfod'ns ;DklQ jf/] vf]tNg]_ @= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf dlxnfx?n] lbg]] ;NnfxnfO{ 3/d"lnn] slQsf] dfGotf lbG5g\ < -s[lifsfo{, C0f lbg]], gofF Joj;fosf] yfngL ug]{, jRrf hGdfpg] tyf lzIff lbg], 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljjfx, 3/ hUufsf] lsgj]r, ;fdfhLs tyf /fhg}lts ;efdf ;xeflutf jf/] vf]tNg]_ #= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf 3/fo;L vr{sf] nflu ?k}of k};f s:n] /fV5 < To;nfO{ vr{ubf{ s:sf] ;Nnfxn] ul/G5 <-dlxnfsf] ;xdlt /xG5 ls /xb}g vf]Tng]_ $= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfosf dlxnfsf d'Vo ;jfnx? s] s] x'g < s] tkfO{x?n] lt ;jfnx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ s'g} kxn ug'{ePsf] 5 < obL 5 eg] s] kxn ug'{ePsf] 5 < 5}g eg] lsg < dlxnfsf lt ;jfnx? ;dfwfg ug{ s] ug{ ;sLG5 < r_ lhljsf]kfh{gM != tkfO{x?sf]] lhljsf]kfh{gsf d'Vo cfwf/x? s] s] x'g <-d'Vo cfly{s ;|f]tx? / ltgsf] kfl/jf/Ls cfodf of]ubfgaf/] vf]Tng]_ @= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfosf kl/jf/x? dWo] slt k|ltztn] cfk\mgf] v]ltaf6 jif{ el/ vfg k'Ug] vfBfg pTkfbg ub{5g\ < cfk\mg} v]ltaf6 vfg gk'Ug] kl/jf/n] s;/L vfBfGg k'of{p5g\ < #= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfosf slt k|ltzt kl/jf/ ;'s'daf;L 5g\ < lt ;'s'daf;L kl/jf/n] lhljsf]kfh{gsf lglDt s] sfd ub{5g\ < $= tkfO{sf ;d'bfosf dfgL;x?sf]] lhjg:t/ ;'wfg{ s] ug{ ;lsG5 . -s[lif ljsf;sf] ;defJotf, u}/ s[lif If]qsf] ;defJotf, jgdf cfwfl/t sfo{sf] ;DefJotf af/] vf]Tng]_ 5_ j;fO{ ;/fO{M != tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf k'?if / dlxnfx?sf] cfk|jf;gsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5<-kl/jf/sf ;b:o @ dlxgf jf To; eGbf a9L sfdsf] lgDtL 3/ jflx/ uPsf] cfwf/df vf]Tng]_ @= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfoaf6 k|foM s:tf dfgL;x? cfk|jf;gdf hfG5g\ < lsg / sxfF hfG5g\ <-dlxnf / k'?ifx?sf] cfk|jf;gsf d'Vo sf/0f / uGtJo cflbaf/] vf]Tng]_ #= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfosf kl/jf/x?df ljk|]if0fsf] (Remittance) cj:yf s:tf] 5 < lt kl/jf/x?n] ;f] cfo k|fo s] df vr{ ub{5g\ < $= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf cfk|jf;gsf ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds s] s:tf c;/x? k/]sf 5g\ < olb gsf/fTds c;/x? k/]sf5g eg] To;nfO{ s;/L sd ug{ ;lsG5 . %= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfojf6 dlxnf / k'?ifx?sf] cfk|jf;g sd ug{ s] ug{ ;lsG5<

- 25 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools h_ k|fs[lts >f]t M != xfn tkfO{x?n] s] s:tf k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] pkef]u ul//xg' ePsf] 5 < lt >f]tx? oxfFaf6 slt 6f9f 5g < lt >f]tx?df tkfO{x?sf] kx'Fr s:tf] 5< lt >f]tx?sf] pknAwtf s:tf] 5< @= xfnsf] pknAwtf / kx'Fraf6 tkfO{sf] ;d'bfosf dflg;x? ;+t'i6 5g sL 5}gg\ < olb 5}gg eg] lsg < #= k|fs[lts >f]tsf] k|of]usf ljifodf tkfO{sf] ;d'bfosf]] cGo s'g} ;d'bfo;+u s'g} jfb ljjfb 5 < olb 5 eg] s'g ;d'bfo ;+u, s'g >f]tsf nflu / lsg <-jg, r/g, l;+rfO{, vfg]kfgL, ;fj{hlgs e"ld cflbsf]] ljjfb / To;sf] sf/0f af/] vf]Tng_ em_ ;f+:s[lts ljz]iftf M != tkfO{x?sf d'Vo rf8kj{x? s] s] x'g < ltlgx?sf] wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts s] s:tf dxTjx? 5g< @= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfosf] c? ;d'bfoeGbf km/s vfnsf] s'g} wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f÷rngx? lyP/5g < lt ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f÷rngx? xfn sfod 5g ls 5}gg < #= tkfO{sf] ufpF 3/df s] s'g} P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts dxTjsf 7fpFx? 5g\ < olb 5g eg] lt s] x'g < ltgL x?sf] s] s:tf] dxTj 5 < $= tkfO{x?sf] ljrf/df o; tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgfn] tkfO{x?sf s'g} wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts / P]ltxfl;s 7fpFx? / d'No, dfGotf / ;Dkbfx?nfO{ c;/ k'Unf< olb k'U5 eg] s] df / s;/L < lt c;/x?nfO{ x6fpg jf Go"lgs/0f ug{ s] ;lsG5 < `_ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{x? M != ljut afx| dlxgfdf tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf -ufpF3/df_ s] s'g} ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x? ePsf 5g\ < olb 5g eg] s] s:tf sfo{x? < s:n] ;+rfng u/]sf] < To;sf] ;+rfng k|s[ofsf] tkfO{x? s;/L d'Nof+sg ug'{x'G5 <-;+rfng k|s[of, hg ;xeflutf/;xof]u, kf/blz{tf af/] vf]Tng]_ @= lt ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?n] tkfO{sf] ;d'bfosf dfgL;x?sf] lhjg:t/ psf:g ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 < olb 5 eg] s;/L < 5}g eg] lsg < #= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?sf] sfof{Gjog k|s[of s] s:tf] x'g' k5{ <-ljs]lGb|s[t, hg;xelutf d"ns, kf/blz{tf, cflbaf/] vf]Tng]_ $= tkfO{sf] ;d'bfodf s]s:tf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?sf] cfjZostf 5<-k|fyldstf cg';f/ vf]Tng]_ . %= tkfO{x?n] lt ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{x?df s] s:tf] of]ubfg lbg;Sg' x'G5< 6_ u}=;=;=, ;xsf/L / :yflgo ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?df ;xeflutfM != s] tkfO{x?sf] o; g=kf=÷uf=kf= df /x]sf u};;, ;xsf/L / :yflgo ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?df ;+Untf 5 < olb 5 eg] s] s:tf] ;+nUgtf 5 < o;n] tkfO{x?nfO{ kmfO{bf ePsf] 5 < olb 5 eg] s;/L / 5}g eg] lsg <-;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d'x, vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;d'x, l;+rfO{ hn pkef]Qmf ;d'x, s[ifs ;d'x, wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts ;d'x, ;xsf/L cflb af/] vf]Tng]_ @= s] tkfO{x?sf] :yflgo txdf cfk\mg} s'g} 5'6\6} ;+:yf jf ;d'x 5 < olb 5 eg] s'g / s:tf] ;+:yf÷;d'x / To;sf] d'Vo sfo{x? s] s] x'g / ;+:yf÷;d'x lsg / s;l/ u7g ul/Psf] xf]< 7_ cfof]hgf af/] hfgsf/L / cjwf/0ff M != tkfO{x?nfO{ tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgfsf] af/]]df s]] hfgsf/L 5 < ;f] hfgsf/L s;/L kfpg''''''''''''''' eof] < @= tkfO{x?sf] tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgfk|lt s:tf] cjBf/0f 5 < olb gsf/fTds 5 eg] lsg < #= tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgfaf6 tkfO{x?n] s] s'/fsf] cfzf /fVg' ePsf] 5< $= tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgfsf af/]]df tkfO{x?sf s'g} ;jfnx? 5g< olb 5g eg] lt ;jfnx? s] s] x'g < wGojfb

- 26 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf ] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;fdflhs ;e{]If0f tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u 5nkmn

3/w'/L ;j]{If0f k|ZgfjnL

o; k|ZgfjnLdf ;f]lwPsf ;a} JolQmut ;"rgf tYof° P]g @)!% cg';f/ uf]Ko /flvg] 5g\ / tYofl°o k|of]hgsf nflu dfq k|of]u ul/g]5g\ .

!= cfof]hgf If]q ;DjlGw ;fdfGo hfgsf/LM != lhNnfM ======@= gu/kflnsf÷ufFpmkflnsfM======#= jf8{ g+ M======$= ufFpm÷6f]n M======%= 5gf}6 3/ gM======^= cfof]hgf :ynM != ;j:6]zg @= PËn 6fj/ -g+=M======_ #= 6fj/ -g+=M======_ @= kl/jf/ ;DjlGw hfgsf/LM != 3/d'nLsf] gfdM ======pQ/bftfsf] gfdM======;Dk{s g+M======@= lnËM s_ k'?if v_ :qL #= hft÷hflt M ======$= wd{M======%= kl/jf/sf] k|sf/M != Psn kl/jf/ -5'l§P/ a;]sf]_ @= ;+o'Qm kl/jf/ ^= kl/jf/ ;+VofM======&= kl/jf/df af]lng] efiffM======*= tkfO{ o; ufFpmdf slxn]b]lv al;/xg' ePsf] 5 < != hGdb]lv g} a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf] @= a;fO{ ;/L cfPsf] *=! olb a;fO{;/L cfPsf] eP tkfO{ o; ufFpmdf sxfFaf6 cfpg' ePsf] < *=!=! lhNnfM======*=!=@ uf= kf=÷g=kfM======*=!=#= cGo7fFpm -v'nfpg]_===== *=@ tkfO{ o; ufFpmdf a;fO{;/L cfPsf] slt aif{ eof] < ======aif{ *=# tkfO{ o; ufpFdf a;fO{;/L cfpg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] < != kl/jf/;+u} cfPsf] ^= ul/jL !!= b}jLk|sf]k

@= hflu/ &= Aofkf/ !@= lzIff #= Hofnf dhb"/L *= kfl/jf/Ls snx !#= ljjfx $= pBf]uwGbf (= c;'/Iff !$= gft]bf/÷cfkmGt %= oftfoft ;'ljwf !)= ef}lts ;'ljwf !%=cGo -v'nfpg]_======

- 27 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools

@=% kfl/jfl/s laa/0fM s[kof tkfO{+sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? -dfgf] g5'l§O{ a;]sf_ af/] lj:t[t ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ -3/d'nLaf6 z'? ug]{_ qm= ;+= gfd 3/d'nL;+usf] lnË pd]/ lzIff j}jflxs Kf]zf l;k/ @ dlxgf eGbf a9L ;do sfdsf tflnd nflu aflx/ a;]sf] eP gftf -!_ -@_ -aif{_ -#_ l:ylt -$_ -#=!_ -%_ d'= ;= ;do sf/0f 7fpF -dlxgf_ -^_ != @= #= $= %= ^= &= *= (= !)= !!= !@= gf]6 M % aif{ eGbf d'gLsfnfO{ # b]vL ^ ;Ddsf k|Zgx? g;f]Wg] . ;+s]t != 3/d"nL;+u Gfftf != 3/d'nL @= hxfg #= 5f]/f÷5f]/L $= gftL÷gfltgf % a'af÷cfdf ^= bfh',efO{÷lbbL, alxgL &= elthf÷elthL *= 5f]/LHjfO{÷aO{gLHjfO÷legfh' (=efO{a'xf/L÷5f]/fa'xf/L÷efph', !)=;f;'÷;;'/f !!= afh]÷aHo} !@=cGo gftfkg]{ !#= 3/]n' sfdbf/ !$= cGo gftf gkg]{ @=ln+Ë # lzIffM !=k'?if @=Dflxnf != lg/If/ @= :s'n guPsf] t/ ;fIf/ #= ! b]vL % sIff k9]sf] $= ^ b]vL * sIff k9]sf] %= ( b]vL !) sIff k9]sf] ^= P;=Pn=;L= ptL0f{ &= k|df0f kq÷+ !@ *= :gFts (=:gFts eGbf dfyL #=! Af}aflxs l:ylt !=cljjflxt @=ljjflxt #=ljw'jf÷ljw'/ $=5'6\6f5'6\6} a;]sf] %=kf/kfr's] ^=cGo======$= k]zf != s[iffL !!= Aofkf/, jfl0fHo / js{;k @= kz'kfng !@= lrof k;n÷/]i6'/]G6÷nh÷xf]6]n #= 3/fo;L sfd !#= oftfoft $= efl/ af]Sg] !$= k]zfut sfo{{ %= g]kfndf Hofnf dHb'/L !%= ljBfyL ^= g]kfn jflx/ Hofnf dHb'/L !^= /fhgLlt &= jg k}bfjf/ hDdf ug]{ / j]r ljvg ug]{ !&= ;fdflhs ;]jf *= g]kfndf gf]s/L ug]{ !*= vlgh pTvgg\ -9'+uf_ (= g]kfn jflx/ gf]s/L ug]{ !(= lgdf{0f sfo{{÷7]Ssf k§f !)= 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ug]{ @)= afns÷j[4÷czQm @!= cGo ======%= ;Lk tflnd != 9'Ëfsf] sfd ug]{ &= 8«fOe/ @= l;nfO{ ;DjGwL sfd ug]{ *= lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ #= sf7sf] sfd ug]{ (= ;'gsf] sfd ug]{ $= kmnfdsf] sfd ug]{ !)= df6f]sf] efF8f agfpg] %= h'Qf agfpg] !!= afF;sf ;fdfgx? agfpg] ^= pgsf sk8fx? a'Gg] sfd ug]{ !@= s'g} l;k tflnd gePsf] !#= cGo ======^= aflx/ a:g'sf] sf/0f != gf]s/L -g]kfn leq_ @= gf]s/L -g]kfn aflx/_======#= cWoog $= HofnfdHb'/L %=cGo ======

- 28 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools #= 3/ tyf 3/fo;L ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ljj/0f #=!= of] 3/ tkfO{sf] cfk\mg} xf] < != xf]O{g @= xf] #=@= olb xf]O{g eg] tkfO{n] ef8fdf lng' ePsf] xf] < != xf] @= c?sf] 3/df l;Q} a;]sf] #=#= olb cfk\mgf] xf] eg] 3/sf] lsl;dM != sRrL @= kSsL #=$= 3/sf] ;fdfu|Lx? uf/f]sf] lsl;d e'O{+sf] lsl;d 5fgfsf] lsl;d != l;d]G6 / O{§f ÷ 9'+uf != df6f] != v/÷k/fn @= df6f]] / O{§f ÷ 9'+uf @= sf7 @= h:tf kftf #= sf7 ÷bfp/f #= 9'+uf÷O{§f #= 6fon÷l;d]06 6fon %= sf+rf] O{§f $= l;d]G6÷6fon÷dfj{n $= 9'+uf ^= uf/f] gePsf] % cGo -v'nfpg]_======%= l;d]06 9nfg &= cGo -v'nfpg]_ ======&= cGo ======#=%= 3/sf] tnf != e'O{÷Ps tnf @= b'O{ tnf #= ltg tnf $= ltg tnf eGbf dfly #=^= o; 3/sf] xfnsf] cg'dflgt d"No slt xf]nf < -3/sf] d"No / sDkfp08sf] If]q klg_ != 3/ / sDkfp08sf] d"No -?=_ M ======@= 3/ tyf s+DkfpG8sf] If]qkmnM OsfO{M======, If]qkmnM ======#= 3/wgLsf] lnËM != dlxnf @= k'?if #=&= s[kof tkfO{sf] 3/df ePsf d'Vo d'Vo 3/fo;L ;fdfu|L÷;DkQLsf] ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ . s] tkfO{sf] 3/df 5 < xfnsf] d'No slt xf] < ;DklQ != 5 @= 5}g -?=_ ! kmf]g @ DFF]afO{n kmf]g # l;=8L=÷l8=le=8L÷Sof;]6Kn]o/ $ 6]lnlehg % sDKo"6/÷lk|G6/ ^ lk|mh÷lk|mh/ & b/fh * /]l8of] ( Sofd]/f, lel8of] Sofd]/f !) df]6/ ;fO{sn÷ :s"6/ !! sf/÷lhk !@ a;÷6«s !# cGo======

$= s[lif, kz'kfng tyf Jofkf/ Joj;foM $=! s[lif $=!=!= s] tkfO{+sf] cfk\mgf] jf kl/jf/sf] :jldTj jf clwgdf hUuf hdLg 5 < ! 5 @ 5}g $=!=!=@= obL 5 eg] lgDg laa/0fx? lbg'xf];\ . s'n cGo - hUufsf] l;+rLt V]ft cl;+rLt V]ft af/L v/jf/L÷vf]l/of hUuf v'nfpg]_======:jfldTj O{sfO If]qkmn Os{ fO If]qkmn O{sfO If]qkmn O{sfO If]qkmn O{sfO If]qkmn cfkm\g} c?sf] sdfO{ cfPsf] c?nfO{ sdfpg lbPsf] P}nfgL÷;fj{hlgs s'n hDdf

- 29 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools $=!=@= s] tkfO{+n] ut jif{df cfkm\gf] s'g} hUuf a]Rg'ePsf] 5 < != 5 @= 5}g !=! olb a]r]sf] eP v]t======af/L ======v/jf/L]======cGo======!=@ k|fKt /sd -?=_ v]t ======af/L ======v/jf/L]======cGo======$=!=#= ut jif{df tkfO{n] v]tL ug'{ePsf] hUufdf s'g s'g vfBfGg afnL / gub] jfnL / kmnk'mnx? nufpg' eof] / ltgLx?sf] pTkfbg, pTkfbg vr{ Pj+ cfDbfgL af/] atfpg'xf];\ . v]tL u/]sf] hldg hDdf cfkm} hDdf v'b pTkfbg $ D'fNo nfut jfnLx? ! -?÷ OsfO{_ cfDbfgL -?_ pkef]u cfDbfgL -?=_ u/]sf ] -?_ v]t @ af/L # % & O{sfO kl/df0f ^ * -&±*–^_ (

O{sfO If]qkmn O{sfO If]qkmn ? x wfg n l f

a uxF'

g G f ds} B f

v sf]bf] bfn÷u]8fu'8L cGo==== hDdf cfn'

? x

L Tf]f/L n f ] a t/sf/L b u f cGo

G hDdf cfFk cDaf

lnrL n " m k s6x/ n m k cgf/ cGo hDdf

xl/of] 3f+; o G

c v/,k/fn hDdf $=!=$ s] tkfOsf] hUufdf ePsf] ut jif{sf] pTkfbgn] tkfO{sf] kl/jf/nfO{ kof{Kt eof] < != eof] @= ePg $=!=%= olb kof{Kt ePg eg] slt dlxgfsf] nflu <======dlxgf $=!=^= cfkm\gf] pTkflbt vfBfGg ckof{Kt ePsf] a]nf cfkm\gf] kl/jf/nfO{ s;/L v'jfpg' x'G5 < != C0f u/]/ @= b}lgs Hofnfbf/L sfd u/]/ #= 3/sf] lhG;L ;fdfg j]r]/ $= lak|]if0f (Remittance) %= gf]s/L -tnj_ u/]/ ^= cGo ======$=@= kz'kfng $=@=!= tkfO{n] ufO{j:t' kfNg' ePsf] 5 < != 5 @= 5}g $=@=!=! olb kfNg' ePsf] 5 eg] lgDg ljj/0f lbg' xf]; b'w÷c08f pTkfbg Kfz'÷k+IfL ljqmL* Kfz'÷k+IfL v'b hDdf kfngaf6 cfkm}n] cfDbfgL pTkfbg D"fNo hDdf kl/df0f hDdf jflif{s pkef]u -?_ - qm=;= kz'÷k+z'k+IfL sf] k|sf/ ;+Vof kl/df0f D'fNo nfut ?=÷ d'No?= uf]6f÷ d'No cfDbfgL u/]sf] -?_ $±%– dfgf÷ ?÷ -?_ OsfO -!_ jif { ? ?= % #_Ö^ uf]6f÷jif{ OsfO { $ -@_ -!±@_Ö# ! !=!=ufO{ -b'w lbg]_ !=@=ufO{ -b'w glbg]_ !=#=uf]? !+=$ afR5f÷afR5L @= @=!= e};L -b'w lbg]_

- 30 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools @=@=e};L -b'w glbg]_ @=#=/fFuf @+=$=kf8f÷ kf8L #= afv|f÷v;L÷af]sf Ef]8f÷Ef]8L $= ;'Fu'/÷a+u'/ %= s'v'/f÷xfF; ^= 3f]8f/vRr8 &= cGo ======gf]6M*k+z'k+IfL nfO{ df/]/ df;' j]r]sf] eP To:tf] kz'k+IfLsf] klg o;df pNn]v ug]{ .

$=#= Jofkf/ tyf 3/]n' pBf]u $=#=! tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?dWo] s;}sf] cfkm\g} s'g} Jofkf/ jf Joj;fo 5 < != 5 @= 5}g $=#=!=! olb 5 eg] tnsf] ljj/0f lbg'xf]; . wgLsf ] dfl;s Jofkf/ jf Joj;fo /f]hufl/ kfPsf JolQm ln+Ë s'n nfut xfnsf] d"Nof+sg cf}ift hDdf aflif{s sf] lsl;d z'?u/]sf] aif { -?_ -?_ k"0f { cflZf+s cfDbfgL cfDbfgL -?_ d k ' d -!_ k-" @_ d -!_ k-" @_ -?_

Jofkf/ jf Joj;fosf] lsl;dM != v'b|f÷ls/fgf k;n @= lrof k;n #= xf]6n÷nh $= 3/]n' pBf]u -ldn÷cGo_ $= cGo======cfDbfgL, vr{ tyf C0fsf] ljj/0fM %=! vr{ %=!=! ut aif{ tkfO{sf] 3/df lgDg lzif{s÷a:t'x?df ePsf] hDdf vr{sf] ljj/0f lbg" xf];\ . lzif{s dfl;s ?= aflif{s ?= hDdf ?= != vfgf vr{ @= nQf sk8f #= 3/ef8f $= lzIff %= oftfoft ^= OGwg bfp/f dl§t]n÷Uof“; lah'nL cGo -v'nfpg]_======&= 6]lnkmf]g,df]jfO{n÷kqklqsf *= kfgL (= alQ dl§t]n÷UofF; lah'nL cGo -v'nfpg]_======!)= cf}iflw÷pkrf/ !!= cGo -v'nfpg]_ ======hDdf

%=@ cfDbfgL %=@=! tkfOsf] ut jif{sf] cfDbfgL / cfDbfgLsf >f]tx? pNn]v ug{'xf];\ < qm=;= ljj/0f kl/df0f s]=hL=. d'No k|lt OsfO{ d'No ?= ln6/÷uf]6f ! S[lif hGo cfo !=! VffBfGg !=@ T./sf/L

- 31 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools !=# K.mnkm'n @= kz'kfngaf6 kz'k+IfL pTkfbg cfo kz'k+IfL ljqmL # cGo >f]tx? jflif{s /sd s}lkmot s= :jb]zdf gf]s/L -tnj_ v= j}b]lzs /f]huf/L u= Hofnf dhb'/L 3= oftfoft Joj;fo ª= Jofkf/ r= 3/]n' pBf]u 5= K.]zfut ;]jf h= 7]Ssfk6\6f ´= xf]6]n Joj;fo -xf]6]n, /]i6'/]06, nh_ `= axfn÷Aofh÷nfef+z 6= ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf 7= lgj[lte/0f 8= cGo cfDbfgL -v'nfpg]_ ======hDdf cfDbfgL ?=

%=#= C0f tyf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx?sf] k"lt{ %=#=!= s] tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] C0f 5 < != 5 @= 5}g %=#=@= olb C0f 5 eg], C0f lng'sf] sf/0f s] x'g\ <-# eGbf a9Ldf lrGx gnufpg]]_ != 3/ lgdf{0f÷d/+dt÷;'wf/ ug{ @= v]tLsf] nflu hUuf lsGg #= 38]/L lsGg $= cfk|jfzgsf] nflu %= lzIffsf] nflu ^= cf}ifwf]krf/sf] nflu &= ljx]÷j|tjGw cflb sfd *= vfBfGg÷nQfsk8f vl/b ug{ %=#=#= tkfO{nfO{ kl/jf/sf] Go"gtd cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx? k"/f ug{ dfl;s cfDbfgL slt hlt ?= x'g'k5{ h:tf] nfU5 < dfl;s cfDbfgL ¿======-vfg, a:g / cGo Go"gtd cfjZostfx?sf] k"lt{sf nflu_ ^= pmhf{ tyf vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{M ^=!= tkfO{sf] vfg]kfgLsf] d'Vo >f]t s] xf] < != ;fj{hlgs 3f/f @= kfOkaf6 3/df cfk"lt{ #= s"jf÷d"n $= vf]nf÷gbL %= cGo======^=@= tkfO{sf] vfg]kfgLsf] >f]tsf] u'0f:t/ s:tf] 5 < != /fd|f] #= l7s} #= g/fd|f] ^=#= xfn eO{/x]sf] kfgLsf] ;|f]tn] tkfO{sf] vfg]kfgL cfjZostf k'/f u5{ < != u5{ @= ub}{g ^=#=!= olb k'/f ub}{g eg] slt dlxgfsf] nflu k'Ub}g < ======dlxgf ^=#=@= lt cˆ'u dlxgfdf vfg]kfgLsf] cfjZostf s;l/ k'/f ug'{'x'G5 < !======@======#======^=$= tkfO{ k|foh;f] 3/df pHofnf]sf nflu s] k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < != 6'sL -dl§t]n_ @= lbof] - t]n _ #= ljh'nL aQL $= ;f}o{ pmhf{ %= Aof6«L ^= cGo======^=%= tkfO{ tfKgsf] nflu k|foh;f] lgDg dWo] s] k|of]u ug'{ x'G5 < != bfp/f @= Uof“; #= dl§t]n $= gn, k/fn, 9f]8 cflb %= ljh'nL ^= cGo======^=^= tkfO{ vfgf ksfpgsf] nflu k|foh;f] lgDg dWo] s] k|of]u ug'{ x'G5 < != bfp/f @= Uof“; #= dl§t]n $= k/fn, 9f]8 cflb %= ljh'nL ^= cGo M ======^=^=!= olb tkfO{ bfp/f afNg'x'G5 eg] Ps dlxgfdf slt ef/L bfp/f afNg'x'G5 < !=kl/0ffd ef/Ldf ======@= cGbfhL -tf}nM ! ef/LÖ@% s]=hL_ #=-d"NoM ! ef/L ?======_ ^=^=@= tkfO{ 3/df afNGfsf] nflu k|foh;f] bfp/f sxfFaf6 Nofpg'x'G5 < != jg @= lghL hUuf #= lsg]/ $=cGo ======^=^=@=!= obL jgjf6 xf] eg] lgDg dWo] s'gjg jf6 Nofpg'x'G5 <

- 32 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools != ;fd'bflos @=/fli6|«o #=sj'lnotL $= gLlh %= Wfld{s ^= cGo======^=^=#= tkfO{ 3fF;kft, :ofpnf, sf7 k|foh;f] sxfFaf6 Nofpg'x'G5 < != jg @= lghL hUuf #= lsg]/ $=cGo ======^=^=#=!= obL jgjf6 xf] eg] lgDg dWo] s'g jgjf6 Nofpg'x'G5 < != ;fd'bflos @=/fli6|«o #=sj'lnotL $= gLlh %= Wfld{s ^= cGo======^=^=#=@= tkfO{nfO{ 3fF;kft, :ofpnf, bfp/f, sf7 cflbsf] nflu kfos kg]{ jg s'g xf] < != jgsf] gfd M ======uf=kf÷g= kf=÷j8f g+ M ======@= 7fFp M ======#= k}bn b'l/ -3G6fdf_======#= jgsf] k|sf/M != ;fd'bflos @= /fli6|«o #=sj'lnotL $= gLlh %= Wfld{s ^= cGo======&= :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ &=!= tkfO{ jf tkfO{sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? lbzflk;fj sxfF ug'{x'G5 < != cfkm\g} rkL{df @= vf]N;f÷vf]N;L #= jghËndf $=v]t÷af/L %= cGo ======&=!=! olb tkfO{ rkL{ k|of]u ug'{x'G5 eg] s:tf] lsl;dsf] rkL{ k|of]u ug'{x'G5 <======&=!=@= tkfO{nfO{ rkL{ jgfpg s:n] ;xof]u u/]sf] < != cfkm} @= u}=;=;= #= ;/sf/ $= cGo ======&=!=#= olb rkL{jgfpg' eP]sf]5}g eg] lsg< != cfjZos 5}g @= k};f 5}g $= cGo ======&=@= tkfO{ ;8]un]sf] jf 7f];kbfy{÷kmf]xf]/d}nf sxfF kmfNg] ug'{ ePsf] 5 < != ;'/lIft 7fpFdf y'kf/]/ @= hnfP/ #= uf8]/ $= cGo ======&=#= tkfO{ kmf]xf]/ t/n kbfy{ sxfF aufpg]] ug'{ ePsf] 5 < != 9naf6 @= cfkm\g} v]t af/Ldf #= To;} aufpg] $= cGo ======&=$ s] tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o ut jif{ l;ls:t lj/fdL ePsf lyP

hDdf gf]6M hUufsf] d"No rng rNtLsf] efpm adf]lhd /fVg] . *=!=@= s] tkfO{ cyjf tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:osf] gfddf o; cfof]hgf If]q leq kmnkm'n / 8fn]3fF;sf jf]6lj?jfx? 5g\ < != 5g\ @= 5}gg\

- 33 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools *=!=@=! obL 5g\ eg] lt jf]6lj?jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ . lsl;d jf]6lj?jfsf] hft hDdf ;+Vof k|efljt x'g ;Sg] ;+Vof hDdf d"No cfDbfgL pTkfbg -?=_ % aif{ eGbf % aif{ eGbf % aif{ eGbf % aif{ eGbf -OsfO{_ sd pd]/sf dfyL pd]/sf sd pd]/sf dfyL pd]/sf kmnkm"n

8fn]3fF; sf7 cGo *=@= 3/÷uf]7 jf/ ] *=@=! s] o; cfof]hgfaf6 tkfO{sf] 3/ k|efljt x'G5 < != x'G5 @= xF'b}g *=@=@ obL x'G5 eg] slt j6f k|efljt x'G5g\ < ;+Vof ======*=@=# cfof]hgfaf6 k|efljtx'g] tkfO{sf] 3/sf] lgDg ljj/0fx? lbg'xf]; < != k|efljt x'g] 3/sf] M n= -ld6/_ ======rf}=-ld6/_ ======3/sf] lsl;d M -k|Zg g+= #=# cg';f/ eg]{_ uf/f]sf] lsl;d M======-k|Zg g+= #=$ cg';f/ eg]{_ 5fgf]sf] lsl;d M======-k|Zg g+= #=$ cg';f/ eg]{_ 3/sf] tnf M======k|Zg g+= #=% cg';f/ eg]{_ o; 3/sf] xfnsf] cg'dflgt d"No -?_======@= k|efljt x'g] 3/sf] M n= -ld6/_ ======rf}= -ld6/_ ======3/sf] lsl;d M -k|Zg g+= #=# cg';f/ eg]{_ uf/f]sf] lsl;d M======-k|Zg g+= #=$ cg';f/ eg]{_ 5fgf]sf] lsl;d M======-k|Zg g+= #=$ cg';f/ eg]{_ 3/sf] tnf M======k|Zg g+= #=% cg';f/ eg]{_ o; 3/sf] xfnsf] cg'dflgt d"No -?_======*=@=$ s] o; cfof]hgfaf6 tkfO{sf] uf]7 k|efljt x'G5 < != x'G5 @= xF'b}g *=@=% obL x'G5 eg] slt j6f k|efljt x'G5g\ < ;+Vof ======*=@=%=! cfof]hgfaf6 k|efljtx'g] tkfO{sf k|efljt x'g] uf]7sf] af/]df lgDg ljj/0f lbg'xf];M != k|efljt x'g] uf]7sf] M n= -ld6/_ ======rf}= -ld6/_ ======uf]7sf] lsl;d M -k|Zg g+= #=# cg';f/ eg]{_ uf/f]sf]] lsl;d M======-k|Zg g+= #=$ cg';f/ eg]{_ 5fgf]sf]] lsl;d M======-k|Zg g+= #=$ cg';f/ eg]{_ uf]7sf] tnf M======k|Zg g+= #=% cg';f/ eg]{_ o; uf]7sf] xfnsf] cg'dflgt d"No -?_======@= k|efljt x'g] uf]7sf] M n= -ld6/_ ======rf}=-ld6/_ ======uf]7sf] lsl;d M -k|Zg g+= #=# cg';f/ eg]{_ uf/f]sf]] lsl;d M======-k|Zg g+= #=$ cg';f/ eg]{_ 5fgf]sf]] lsl;d M======-k|Zg g+= #=$ cg';f/ eg]{_ uf]7sf] tnf M======k|Zg g+= #=% cg';f/ eg]{_ o; uf]7sf] xfnsf] cg'dflgt d"No -?_======

- 34 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex II: Study Tools (= 3/ hUufsf] d'cfJhf / k'g{jf; ;DjlGw (=!= tkfO{ 3/÷hUufsf] d'cfAhf lgDg dWo] s'g rfxg' x'G5 < != gub @= hUufsf] ;§f hUuf #= 3/sf] ;§f 3/ $= cGo ======(=@= olb tkfO{n] d'cfJhf gubdf kfpg' eof] eg] pQm d'cfJhf /sd s] df k|of]u ug'{ x'G5 < != hUuf lsGg] @= 3/ agfpg] #= C0f ltg]{ $= Aofkf/ ug]{ %=3/]n' pBf]u ^= cGo ======(=#= oxfF afx]s tkfO{+sf] cGoq st} 3/ jf hUuf 5 < != 5 @= 5}g (=$=olb 5 eg] s] 5 / sxFf 5< lsl;d 7fFp 3/ ======hUuf ======38]/L ======(=%= olb tkfO{+n] plrt d'cfAhf kfPdf cGoq a;fO{ ;g'{ x'G5 < !=;5{' @= ;bL{g (=^= a;fO{ ;g{ rfxg' x'Gg eg] lsg < !======@======#======(=&= tkfO{F jf tkfO{+sf] kl/jf/sf d"Vo ;d:ofx? s] s] x'g< !======@======#======!)= tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgf k|ltsf] cjwf/0ff !)=!= tkfO{nfO{ o; tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgf af/]]df s]xL hfgsf/L 5 < != 5 @= 5}g !)=!=! olb 5\ eg] s'g >f]taf6 o; cfof]hgfsf] af/]]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ug'{eof]< != ;fyLefO{÷gft]bf/ @= cfof]hgfsf sd{rf/L #= /]l8of]÷l6le $= kqklqsf %= cGo ===== !)=@= tkfO{sf] o; @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgf k|lt s:tf] cjBf/0f 5 < != ;sf/fTds @= gsf/fTds #= t6:y $=s'g} cjwf/0ff gagfPsf] $= s]xL klg yfxf 5}g !)=@=!= olb gsf/fTds wf/0ff ePdf lsg xf]nf < sf/0f jtfO{lbg' x'G5 ls . !======@======#======!)=#= tkfO{n] o; tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgfaf6 s'g} s'/fsf] cfzf /fVg' ePsf] 5< != 5 @= 5}g !)=#=!= olb 5 eg] s] s'/fsf] cfzf /fVg' ePsf] 5 < != /fd|f]] d'cfJhf @= /f]huf/L #= ljB't ;'ljwf $= :yf=If]qsf] ljsf; %=cGo======!)=$= tkfO{nfO{ o; tgxF' hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfO{g cfof]hgfaf/] s'g} c? s'/f eGg' 5 < != 5 @= 5}g !)=$=!= olb 5 eg] s] s'/f eGg' 5 < !======@======#======!!= :yflgo ;xeflutf M !!=!= tkfO{F jf tkfO{+sf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o o; If]qdf ;+rflnt ;/sf/L, u}x|;/sf/L jf cGo ;+:yfx?÷ sfo{s|dx?df ;xefuLtf 5 < != 5 @= 5}g !!=@= olb ;xefuL 5 eg] lgDg ljj/0f lbg' xf];\ . ;+:yf÷sfo{s|dsf] ;xefuLtf sf] ;+rfng d"Vo sfd kl/jf/ ;b:o nfefGjLt ;xof]u ug]{ gfd ÷på]Zo ;+:yf÷lgsfo ls;Ld ePsf] ;fn dlxnf k"?if kl/jf/

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- 35 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex III: Details of PRA and FGD Participants

ANNEX III: DETAILS OF PRA AND FGD PARTICIPANTS

- 36 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex III: Details of PRA and FGD Participants

1. Details of Ward Level PRA Participants

Details of Ward Level PRA Participants: 1

1. District: Tanahu 2. Municipality: Vyas 3. Ward No.: 13 4. Date: 2075-11-02 5. Village/Settlement: Pokhari Bhanjyang S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Lal Bahadur Thapa M Magar Agriculture 2. Ishwor Prasad Bisural M Chhetri Business 3. Padam Bahadur Darai M Darai Service 4. Ram Chandra Bastakoti M Brahamin Agriculture 5. Purushottam Timilsena M Brahamin Business 6. Man Bahadur Sunar M Kami Contractor 7. Ishwori Prasad Rimal M Brahamin Agriculture 8. Sarita Ranabhat F Chhetri Service 9. Shankar Dev Paudel M Brahamin Agriculture 10. Sharmila Thapa F Magar Service 11. Chandra Kumari Thapa F Magar Service 12. Him Bahadur Ale M Magar Agriculture 13. Indira Rimal F Brahamin Agriculture 14. Yam Bahadur Ranabhat M Chhetri Teaching 15. Sagar Tiwari M Brahamin Service 16. Mahesh Chandra Giri M Giri Agriculture

Details of Ward Level PRA Participants: 2 1. District: Tanahu 2. Municipality: Vyas 3. Ward No.: 14 4. Date: 2075-11-03 5. Village/Settlement: Keshav Tar S. N. Name Sex Caste/Ethnicity Main Occupation 1 Saraswoti Thapa F Magar Business 2. Hem Bahadur Thapa M Magar Agriculture 3. Mohan Kumar Thapa M Magar Agriculture 4. Hom Maya Rana F Magar Service 5. Sita Ram Ale M Magar Service 6. Sabitri Bhattarai F Brahamin Service 7. Nabin Bhattarai M Brahamin Business 8. Sarita Rana F Magar Service 9. Surya Kumari Paudel (Bhattarai) F Brahamin Teaching 10. Arun Yadav M Yadav Service 11. Hira Bishwokarma M Kami Teaching 12. Tej Bahadur Rana M Magar Teaching 13. Bijaya Rana M Magar Business 14. Drona Giri M Giri Service 15. Yam Bahadur Thapa M Magar Agriculture 16. Jag Bahadur Thapa M Magar Teaching 17. Kaji Man Shrestha M Newar Agriculture 18. Basundhara Bhattarai F Brahamin Business 19. Ram Bhakta Bhattarai M Brahamin Business 20. Gajendra Prasad Bhattarai M Brahamin Business 21. Man Bir Rana M Magar Teaching

- 1 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex III: Details of PRA and FGD Participants Details of Ward Level PRA Participants: 3

1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Bandipur 3. Ward No.: 6 4. Date: 2075-11-04 5. Village/Settlement: Dharampani S. N. Name Sex Caste/Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Birkha Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 2. Mithu Gurung F Gurung Business 3. Kumari Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 4. Dil Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 5. Shushila Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 6. Tikisara Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 7. Pari Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 8. Lal Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 9. Sita Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 10. Chija Gurung F Gurung Service 11. Sundariseni Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 12. Bishnu Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 13. Pari Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 14. Sona Mati Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 15. Simaya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 16. Bina Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 17. Resham Lal Gurung M Gurung Agriculture

Details of Ward Level PRA Participants: 4 1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Aanbookhaireni 3. Ward No.: 6 4. Date: 2075-11-05 5. Village/Settlement: Hilekharka S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Suna Ram Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 2. Dhan Bahadur Malla M Newar Agriculture 3. Khol Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 4. Bijaya Pratap Adhikari M Brahamin Lawyer 5. Dhan Bahadur Malla M Newar Service 6. Agam Raj Upadhaya M Brahamin Service 7. Apsara Sunar F Kami Service 8. Amrat Pandit M Brahamin Service 9. Sadichhya Shrestha F Newar Service 10. Pancha Maya Sunar F Sunar Service 11. Pramod Shah M Shah (Terai) Service 12. Raj Kumar Shrestha M Newar Service 13. Samjhana Shrestha F Newar Business 14. Prakash Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 15. Rajendra Shrestha M Newar Business

Details of Ward Level PRA Participants: 5

1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Devghat 3. Ward No.: 4 4. Date: 2075-11-06 5. Village/Settlement: Sinchang (Kaphal Danda) S. N. Name Sex Caste/Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Hom Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 2. Jokh Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 3. Dinesh Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 4. Arjun Dhakal M Brahamin Service 5. Rani Ale F Magar Service 6. Tek Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Service 7. Min Bahadur Bhujel M Bhujel Agriculture 8. Parwati Bhujel F Bhujel Agriculture 9. Nar Bahadur Thapa M Magar Business 10. Sabina Thapa F Magar Business

- 2 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex III: Details of PRA and FGD Participants Details of Ward Level PRA Participants: 6

1. District: Chitawan 2. Metropolitan: Bharatpur 3. Ward No. 1 4. Date: 2075/11/08 5. Village/Settlement: Thimura S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Krishna Bdr. Thapa Magar M Magar Business 2. Devendra Paudel M Brahamin Agriculture 3. Krishna Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 4. Shankar Bhujel M Bhujel Agriculture 5. Dhan Ram Praja M Chepang Agriculture 6. Krishna Maya Kaphle F Brahamin Agriculture 7. Kamal Chepang M Chepang Agriculture

Details of Ward Level PRA Participants: 7 1. District: Chitwan 2. Metropolitan: Bharatpur 3. Ward No. 29 4. Date: 2075/11/08 5. Village/Settlement: Jugedi Bazar S. N. Name Sex Cast/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Ram Bahadur Magar M Magar Agriculture 2. Bikash Chepang M Chepang Driver 3. Parwati Chepang F Chepang Agriculture 4. Nisa Chepang F Chepang Agriculture 5. Susma Gurung F Gurung Service 6. Parwati Thapa F Chhetri Agriculture 7. Netra Paudel M Brahamin Service 8. Minu Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 9. Man Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 10. Manisara Gurung F Gurung Agriculture

2. Details of Settlement Level PRA Participants

Details of Settlement Level PRA Participants: 1

1. District: Tanahu 2. Municipality: Vyas 3. Ward No.: 13 4. Date: 2075-11-02 5. Village/Settlement: Benikot S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Main Occupation Ethnicity 1. Som Thapa M Magar Agriculture 2. Bed Thapa M Magar Agriculture 3. Buddha Thapa M Magar Agriculture 4. Ganesh Rana M Magar Agriculture 5. Shree Maya Rana F Magar Agriculture 6. Choli Maya Rana F Magar Agriculture 7. Dali Sara Thapa F Magar Agriculture 8. Ram Maya Ale F Magar Agriculture 9. Rumali Ale F Magar Agriculture 10. Chhali Maya Rana F Magar Agriculture 11. Shir Bahadur Thapa M Magar Carpenter 12. Prem Kumari Rana F Magar Agriculture 13. Kal Bahadur Rana M Magar Agriculture 14. Dil Bahadur Rana M Magar Agriculture 15. Bikas Rana M Magar Agriculture 16. Deu Bahadur Rana M Magar Agriculture 17 Sharma Devi Rana F Magar Agriculture

- 3 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex III: Details of PRA and FGD Participants Details of Settlement Level PRA Participants: 2

1. District: Tanahu 2. Municipality: Vyas 3. Ward No.: 14 4. Date: 2075-11-03 5. Village/Settlement: Rumshi S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Santa Raj Ale M Magar Teaching 2. Santosh Thapa M Magar Agriculture 3. Bijaya Maya Kunwar F Sanyasi Agriculture 4. Padam Kumari Thapa F Magar Agriculture 5. Nir Maya Rana F Magar Service 6. Nanda Kumari Thapa F Magar Agriculture 7. Gyan Bahadur Thapa M Magar Agriculture 8. Guna Bahadur Rana M Magar Agriculture 9. Tek Bahadur B. K. M Kami Agriculture 10. Milan Thapa M Magar Agriculture 11. Tika Ram Thapa M Magar Agriculture 12. Ram Ale M Magar Agriculture 13. Yogendra Thapa M Magar Agriculture

Details of Settlement Level PRA Participants: 3

1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Bandipur 3. Ward No.: 6 4. Date: 2075-11-06 5. Village/Settlement: Majhi Tol S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Lil Bahadur Thapa Magar M Magar Business 2. Yam Bdr. Thapa Magar M Magar Agriculture 3. Babu Lal Thapa Magar M Magar Agriculture 4. Sarita Thapa Magar F Magar Agriculture 5. Birkha Maya Thapa Magar F Magar Agriculture 6. Kale Thapa Magar M Magar Agriculture 7. Khen Maya Thapa Magar F Magar Agriculture 8. Madhu Thapa Magar M Magar Agriculture 9. Bhuntu Maya Thapa F Magar Agriculture 10. Bhuma Thapa Magar F Magar Agriculture 11. Pancha Maya Thapa F Magar Agriculture 12. Nari Maya Thapa Magar F Magar Agriculture 13. Susmita Thapa Magar F Magar Agriculture 14. Gopal Thapa Magar M Magar Agriculture 15. Lil Bahadur Ale Magar M Magar Agriculture 16. Durga Kumari Thapa F Magar Agriculture 17. Suk Maya Thapa Magar F Magar Agriculture 18. Krishna Maya Rana Magar F Magar Agriculture

Details of Settlement Level PRA Participants: 4

1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Aanbookhaireni 3. Ward No.: 6 4. Date: 2075-11-06 5. Village/Settlement: Piughare S. N. Name Address Caste/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Sanjaya Kumar Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 2. Kamal Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 3. Janga Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 4. Yek Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 5. Chhetra Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 6. Lok Bahadur Magar M Magar Agriculture 7. Lal Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 8. Sima Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 9. Madhu Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 10. Sita Timilsena F Brahamin Agriculture

- 4 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex III: Details of PRA and FGD Participants Details of Settlement Level PRA Participants: 5

1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Devghat 3. Ward No.: 4 4. Date: 2075-11-07 5. Village/Settlement: Sinchang S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Rabi Bhujel M Bhujel Agriculture 2. Lil Bahadur Bhujel M Bhujel Agriculture 3. Som Bahadur Bhujel M Bhujel Agriculture 4. Nar Bahadur Thapa M Magar Business 5. Chandra Bahadur Thapa M Magar Agriculture 6. Chitra Bahadur Thapa M Magar Agriculture 7. Gau Maya Sinjali F Magar Agriculture 8. Juni Maya Thapa F Magar Agriculture 9. Om Bahadur Thapa Ale M Magar Agriculture 10. Sabina Thapa F Magar Business 11. Nir Maya Ale F Magar Agriculture

Details of Settlement Level PRA Participants: 6

1. District: Chitwan 2. Metropolitan: Bharatpur 3. Ward No.: 1 4. Date: 2075-11-08 5. Village/Settlement: Thimura S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Main Occupation 1. Krishna Bahadur Magar M Magar Business 2. Shankhar Bhujel M Bhujel Agriculture 3. Dipesh Shrestha M Newar Agriculture 4. Surya Nath Kafle M Brahamin Business 5. Nandu Raj Gautam M Brahamin Agriculture 6. Sarswoti Gautam F Brahamin Agriculture 7. Tika Maya Thapa Magar F Magar Business

Details of Settlement Level PRA Participants: 7

1. District: Chitwan 2. Metropolitan: Bharatpur 3. Ward No.: 29 4. Date: 2075-11-08 5. Village/Settlement: Chaukidanda S. N. Name Sex Caste/ Main Occupation Ethnicity 1. Shree Ram Paudel M Brahamin Teaching 2. Padam Bahadur Magar M Magar Agriculture 3. Prakash Timilsina M Brahamin Teaching 4. Bibash Gurung M Gurung Teaching 5. Man Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Service 6. Chinu Magar F Magar Teaching 7. Kaji Man Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 8. Santa Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 9. Ram Bahadur Gurung M Gurung Agriculture 10. Sasi Bahadur Praja M Praja Agriculture 11. Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 12. Jal Maya Gurung F Gurung Agriculture 13. Kaji Man Gurung M Gurung Agriculture

- 5 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex III: Details of PRA and FGD Participants

3. Details of Focus Group Discussion Participants

Details of FGD Participants: 1

1. District: Tanahu 2. Municipality: Vyas 3. Ward No.: 13 4. Date: 2075-11-02 5. Village/Settlement: Aamdanda S. N. Name Age Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Education Main Occupation 1. Durga Pariyar 25 F Damai 5 HH Work 2. Asmita Pariyar 17 F Damai 5 HH Work 3. Bimala Pariyar 33 F Damai 3 HH Work 4. Krishna Rana 30 F Magar 10 HH Work 5. Asari Maya Pariyar 56 F Damai Literate HH Work 6. Bishnu Maya Ale 47 F Magar Literate HH Work 7. Parbati Thapa 38 F Magar 5 HH Work 8. Madhu Pariyar 45 F Damai Literate HH Work

Details of FGD Participants: 2 1. District: Tanahu 2. Municipality: Vyas 3. Ward No.: 14 4. Date: 2075-11-02 5. Village/Settlement: Rumsi S. N. Name Age Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Education Main Occupation 1. Nanda Kumari Thapa 44 F Magar Literate Agriculture 2. Muga Maya Thapa 50 F Magar Literate Agriculture 3. Basanti Thapa 38 F Magar Literate Agriculture 4. Tila Thapa 40 F Magar Illiterate Agriculture 5. Maya Thapa 60 F Magar Illiterate Agriculture 6. Ser Maya Thapa 60 F Magar Illiterate Agriculture 7. Indra Maya Thapa 50 F Magar Literate Agriculture 8. Tirtha Thapa 40 F Magar Literate Agriculture 9. Hari Maya Thapa 60 F Magar Literate Agriculture

Details of FGD Participants: 3 1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Bandipur 3. Ward No.: 6 4. Date: 2075-11-04 5. Village/Settlement: Dharampani S. N. Name Age Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Education Main Occupation 1. Chij Maya Gurung 60 F Gurung Illiterate Business 2. Suni Maya Gurung 38 F Gurung 5 Agriculture 3. Suk Maya Gurung 29 F Gurung Literate Agriculture 4. Chij Kumari Gurung 46 F Gurung Literate Agriculture 5. Mekh Maya Gurung 53 F Gurung Literate Agriculture 6. Chandra Maya Gurung 70 F Gurung Illiterate Agriculture 7. Birkha Maya Gurung 57 F Gurung Illiterate Agriculture 8. Lal Maya Gurung 43 F Gurung Literate Business 9. Kali Maya Gurung 45 F Gurung Illiterate Agriculture 10. Bishnu Maya Gurung 53 F Gurung Illiterate Agriculture

Details of FGD Participants: 4 1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Aanbookhaireni 3. Ward No.: 6 4. Date: 2075-11-06 5. Village/Settlement: Piughare S. N. Name Age Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Education Main Occupation 1. Chho Maya Gurung 65 F Gurung Literate Agriculture 2. Buddi Maya Maske( Magar) 60 F Magar Literate Agriculture 3. Bas Maya Gurung 55 F Gurung Literate Agriculture 4. Sita Thapa 23 F Magar Literate Agriculture 5. Durga Maya Gurung 37 F Gurung Literate Agriculture 6. Man Maya Gurung 42 F Gurung Literate Agriculture 7. Risna Kumari Maske ( Magar) 45 F Magar Literate Agriculture

- 6 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex III: Details of PRA and FGD Participants Details of FGD Participants: 5

1. District: Tanahu 2. Rural Municipality: Devghat 3 Ward No.: 4 4. Date: 2075-11-07 5. Village/Settlement: Kafaldanda S. N. Name Age Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Education Main Occupation 1. Hom Bahadur Gurung 57 M Gurung Literate Agriculture 2. Mitra Lal Gurung 28 M Gurung 12 Agriculture 3. Pret Bahadur Gurung 57 M Gurung Literate Agriculture 4. Lal Bahadur Pun 42 M Magar Literate Agriculture 5. Amrit Gurung 23 M Gurung 10 Agriculture 6. Dinesh Gurung 31 M Gurung 10 Agriculture 7. Suk Bahadur Gurung 48 M Gurung Literate Agriculture 8. Min Bahadur Gurung 51 M Gurung Literate Agriculture

Details of FGD Participants: 6 1. District: Chitwan 2. Metropolitan: Bharatpur 3. Ward No.: 1 4. Village/Settlement: Thimura 5. Date: 2075-11-08 S. N. Name Age Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Education Main Occupation 1. Lila Bahadur Poudel 72 M Chhetri 8 Agriculture 2. Tika Datta Bhattrai 49 M Brahmin 10 Agriculture 3. Bhoj Raj Bhattrai 53 M Brahmin 10 Agriculture 4. Laxman Adhikari 84 M Brahmin Literate Agriculture 5. Hom Nath Dhakal 73 M Brahmin 10 Agriculture 6. Puspa Raj Devkota 59 M Brahmin 10 Agriculture 7. Bhawani Prasad Adhikari 61 M Brahmin Literate Agriculture 8. Govinda Bahadur Poudel 56 M Chhetri 10 Agriculture 9. Devendra Bahadur Poudel 36 M Chhetri 10 Agriculture

Details of FGD Participants: 7 1. District: Chitwan 2. Metropolitan: Bharatpur 3. Ward No.: 29 4. Village/Settlement: Chaukidanda 5. Date: 2075/11/08 S. N. Name Age Sex Caste/ Ethnicity Education Main Occupation 1. Kaji Man Gurung 48 M Gurung Literate Agriculture 2. Rasi Bahadur Praja 60 M Chepang Literate Agriculture 3. Padam Bahadur Magar 58 M Magar Literate Agriculture 4. Santa Bahadur Gurung 47 M Gurung Literate Agriculture 5. Bhupal Magar 50 M Magar Literate Agriculture 6. Bivash Gurung 25 M Gurung 12 Teaching 7. Ram Bahadur Gurung 56 M Gurung Literate Agriculture 8. Kaj Man Gurung 40 M Gurung Literate Agriculture

- 7 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex IV: Issues and Concers of Stakeholders

ANNEX IV: ISSUES AND CONCERNS OF STAKEHOLDERS

Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex IV: Issues and Concers of Stakeholders 1. Details of Issues and Concerns Raised by Ward Level PRA Participants Ward Date Location Participants Issues/Concerns No. Male Female Total 13 2075/11/2 Pokhari 12 4 16 Support for upgrading of Damauli- Banjayang (Vyas) Keshav Tar Road Support to replace existing drinking water pipes of ward Provide reasonable compensation Timely completion of the project Provide employment to local people Aware regarding misconception that agri. productivity of land under RoW will decrease 14 2075/11/3 Keshav Tar 16 5 21 Provide compensation of land under RoW (Vyas) Provide reasonable compensation Provide employment to affected people during construction of the project It will be better if the project could support for blacktopping of Damauli –Keshavtar road 6 2075/11/4 Dharampani 2 15 17 Reasonable compensation (Bandipur) Provide compensation of land under RoW Provide free electricity to the affected HHs Provide employment to the local people particularly the affected people Support for blacktopping existing road Provide corrugated sheets to school to replace old corrugated sheets 6 2075/11/5 Aanbookhaireni 11 4 15 Avoid settlements while fixing route Bazar alignment of the TL (Aanbookhaireni) Provide reasonable compensation Support to upgrade/blacktopping existing access road Provide free electricity to the affected HHs 4 2075/11/6 Sinchang 7 3 10 Support for upgrading/blacktopping (Devghat) existing Gaighat to Kafaldanda road Provide good compensation to the affected people If possible, avoid settlements while fixing route alignment of the TL 1 2075/11/8 Thimura 5 2 7 If possible, avoid Thimura settlement and (Bharatpur) select unsettled area for route alignment of the TL Provide compensation at prevailing market rate Support for blacktopping existing Ramnagar to Thimura graveled road Displacement of small land holders No transaction of plots under RoW 29 2075/11/8 Jugadi Bazar 4 6 10 Support for upgrading/blacktopping of (Bharatpur) Bhorle to Chaukidanda road (aprox. 8 km) Provide reasonable compensation to the affected HHs Risk to houses under RoW TL will affect radio frequency Loss of forest Total 57 39 96 (59.4%) (40.6%)

- 1 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex IV: Issues and Concers of Stakeholders

2. Details of Issues and Concerns Raised by Settlement Level PRA Participants Ward Location Date Participants Issus/Concerns No. Male Female Total 13 Benikot (Vyas) 2075/11/02 9 8 17 Awareness training for increasing enrollment in schools Provide drinking water facility to school Support for water pump for lifting drinking water Support for construction of drinking water reserve tank Support for plantation Black topping the existing (Damauli- Keshav Tar) Provide information to local people about the TL project Employment to local people Coordination with local people during construction Reasonable compensation 14 Rumsi (Vyas) 2075/11/03 9 4 13 Support for water pump for lifting the drinking water Reasonable compensation Employment to local people Provide share to local people in the project Provide free electricity 6 Majh Tol 2075/11/06 7 11 18 Support for water tank and pipe (Bandipur) Electrification Provide reasonable compensation Replace 12 wooden poles of electricity 6 Pyughare 2075/11/06 6 4 10 Support to repair existing water tank (Aanbookhaireni) Support for improve existing drinking water system Provide good compensation Employment to local people 4 Singchang 2075/11/07 7 4 11 Employment (Devghat) Provide reasonable compensation Support for Gaighat - Singchang access road Coordination with local people during construction Electrification 1 Thimura 2075/11/08 5 2 7 Good compensation (Bharatpur) Employment to local people Coordination with local people during construction Support for community development 29 Chaukidanda 2075/11/08 10 3 13 Awareness program regarding education (Bharatpur) to children Provide training related to income generation (Agri., livestock, vegetable etc.) Electrification Replace old electric poles Support few Drinking water Good compensation Support for upgrading/blacktopping Bhorle- Chaukidanda road 53 36 89 - Total (59.6%) (40.4%) (100%)

- 2 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex IV: Issues and Concers of Stakeholders 3. Details of Issues and Concerns Raised by FGD Participants Ward Location Date No. of Participants Issues/Concerns No. Male Female Total 13 Amdanda (Vyas) 2075/11/2 - 8 8 Skill training for income generation activities (vegetable, livestock, poultry) Support for education of girl child (incentive, scholarship) Employment Support for irrigation Support to health-post for medicine Support to school for DW Protect orange garden of Mother's Group while fixing TL alignment 14 Rumsi (Vyas) 2075/11/2 - 9 9 Support for drinking water Support for irrigation Provide IG skill training to women Provide livestock raising training Provide employment Support for upgrading Keshav Tar-Rumsi access road Electrification Protect orange garden while fixing TL alignment Compensation for loss of land and property 6 Dharampani 2075/11/4 - 10 10 Support school for drinking water (Bandipur) Support to HP medicine Support for lift drinking water scheme Support for irrigation Support for blacktopping Damauli- Dharampani road Provide employment Coordination with local people for their participation during construction Transparency of project activities 6 Piughare 2075/11/6 - 7 7 Support for drinking water (reservoir repair (Aanbookhaireni) and source improvement) Provide agriculture related income generation training Support for irrigation Provide employment Transparency of project activities Compensation for loss of land and property 4 Kafaldanda 2075/11/7 8 - 8 Support for drinking water (Devghat) Support for electrification 1 Thimura 2075/11/8 9 - 9 Support for drinking water (Bharatpur) Provide women empowerment training Support for irrigation Employment Provide training for improved farming Support for blacktopping Thimura – Ramnagar graveled road 29 Chaukidanda 2075/11/8 8 - 8 Support schools for drinking water (Bharatpur) Support for drinking water Support for irrigation Support for blacktopping Bhorle- Chakudanda road Employment Total 25 34 59 (42.4%) (57.6%) (100%)

- 3 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex V: Details of Surveyed HHs, Landowners and Landholding by Land Type

ANNEX V: DETAILS OF SURVEYED HHS, LANDOWNERS AND LANDHOLDING BY LAND TYPE

Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex V: Details of Surveyed HHs, Landowners and Landholding by Land Type

ID N0. District RM/Mun. Ward No Village Name of HH Head Name of Land Owner Sex of HH Caste/ Ethnicity Land Holding (ha) Type of Land 1001 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Mana Bdr. Thapa Singha Thapa Magar M Magar 0.26 Pakho Bari 1002 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Mitra Lal Thapa Man Kumari Thapa Magar M Magar 0.2 Pakho Bari 1003 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Prem Bdr. Thapa Man Maya Thapa M Magar 0.59 Pakho Bari 1004 Tanahun Vyas 13 Binikot Lal Singh Thapa Lal Singh Thapa M Magar 0.33 Pakho Bari 1005 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Harka Bdr. Pariyar Harka Bdr. Pariyar M Dalit 0.61 Pakho Bari 1006 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Bhabisara Thapa Sher Bdr. Thapa F Magar 1.02 Pakho Bari 1007 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Tek Bdr. Rana Tek Bdr. Rana M Magar 0.81 Pakho Bari 1008 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Keshari Maya Thapa Keshari Maya Thapa F Magar 0.81 Pakho Bari 1009 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Nara Bdr. Thapa Tikasar Thapa M Magar 0.97 Pakho Bari 1010 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Gangamaya Thapa Gangamaya Thapa F Magar 0.69 Pakho Bari 1011 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Mitra Lal Thapa Singha Thapa Magar M Magar 0.35 Pakho Bari 1012 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Narayan Bdr. Rana Dilman Rana M Magar 0.61 Pakho Bari 1013 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Padam Bdr. Thapa Maan Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.61 Pakho Bari 1014 Tanahun Vyas 13 Siwalsan Pari Maya Ale Prem Bdr. Ale F Magar 0.53 Pakho Bari 1015 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Suka Bdr. Damai Gauri Maya Damai M Dalit 0.36 Pakho Bari 1016 Tanahun Vyas 13 Aamdanda Dhanasing Damai Dhanasing Damai M Dalit 0.44 Pakho Bari 1017 Tanahun Vyas 13 Aamdanda Nara Bdr. Ale Nara Bdr. Ale M Magar 5.39 Pakho Bari 1018 Tanahun Vyas 13 Dandatole Lal Bdr. Ale Min Bdr. Lopchan Ale M Magar 0.75 Pakho Bari 1019 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Dur Maya Thapa Dur Maya Thapa F Magar 0.41 Pakho Bari 1020 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Shanta Thapa Magar Shanta Thapa Magar M Magar 0.41 Pakho Bari 1021 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Padumi Rana Padumi Rana F Magar 0.36 Pakho Bari 1022 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Sansarimaya Thapa Sansarimaya Thapa F Magar 0.64 Pakho Bari 1023 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Phal Bdr. Thapa Phal Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.52 Pakho Bari 1024 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Rupa Maya Thapa Rupa Maya Thapa F Magar 0.49 Pakho Bari 1025 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Ram Bdr. Thapa Ram Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.56 Pakho Bari 1026 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Sher Bdr. Thapa Sher Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.62 Pakho Bari 1027 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Jit Bdr Rana Jit Bdr Rana M Magar 1.17 Pakho Bari 1028 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Meen Maya Thapa Maan Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.61 Pakho Bari 1029 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Som Bdr. Thapa Nandi Maya Thapa M Magar 0.11 Pakho Bari 1030 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Devi Lal Magar Devi Lal Magar M Magar 0.8 Pakho Bari 1031 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Til Bdr. Thapa Til Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.91 Pakho Bari 1032 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Dur Maya Thapa Bhai Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.91 Pakho Bari 1033 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Man Bdr. Thapa Padam Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.58 Pakho Bari 1034 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Purna Bdr. Thapa Purna Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.16 Pakho Bari 1035 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Mohan Singh Ale Reema Ale M Magar 0.31 Pakho Bari 1036 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Tul Bdr. Thapa Tul Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.15 Pakho Bari 1037 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Lal Bdr. Thapa Lal Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.68 Pakho Bari 1038 Tanahun Vyas 14 Naya Gaun Chhalimaya Thapa Chhalimaya Thapa F Magar 1.53 Pakho Bari 1039 Tanahun Vyas 14 Naya Gaun Chitra Bdr. Thapa Chitra Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.39 Pakho Bari 1040 Tanahun Vyas 14 Naya Gaun Nara Bdr. Thapa Nara Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.5 Pakho Bari 1041 Tanahun Vyas 14 Koldanda Pimaya Thapa Jit Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.46 Pakho Bari 1042 Tanahun Vyas 14 Koldanda Manjila BK Dhane Kami M Kami 0.31 Pakho Bari 1043 Tanahun Vyas 14 Dhakeshwor Yog Maya Thapa Mansing Tache Magar F Magar 0.56 Pakho Bari 1044 Tanahun Vyas 14 Dhakeshwor Man Bdr. Thapa Dilu Tarun Magar M Magar 0.61 Pakho Bari 1045 Tanahun Vyas 14 Dhakeshwor Eem Kumari Thapa Khadga Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.31 Pakho Bari 1046 Tanahun Vyas 14 Thin Prem Bdr. Thapa Mohanimaya Thapa M Magar 0.44 Khet

- 1 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex V: Details of Surveyed HHs, Landowners and Landholding by Land Type ID N0. District RM/Mun. Ward No Village Name of HH Head Name of Land Owner Sex of HH Caste/ Ethnicity Land Holding (ha) Type of Land 1047 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Tej Bdr. Thapa Tej Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.64 Pakho Bari 1048 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Suka Bdr. Thapa Dilmaya Thapa M Magar 1.62 Pakho Bari 1049 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Dil Bdr. Thapa Dil Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.45 Pakho Bari 1050 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Om Bdr. Thapa Rithu Bache Magar M Magar 0.15 Pakho Bari 1051 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Tul Bdr. Thapa Tul Bdr. Thapa M Magar 1.79 Pakho Bari 1052 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Om Bdr. Thapa Om Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.36 Pakho Bari 1053 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Bir Bdr. Magar Bir Bdr. Magar M Magar 0.38 Pakho Bari 1054 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Til Bdr. Thapa Sahabir Thapa M Magar 0.93 Pakho Bari 1055 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Juthi Thapa Yama Bdr Thapa F Magar 0.97 Pakho Bari 1056 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Chakra Bdr Thapa Narshing Thapa M Magar 0.61 Pakho Bari 1057 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Tek Bdr Thapa Keshab Bdr Thapa M Magar 1.12 Pakho Bari 1058 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Nil Bdr Thapa Nil Bdr Thapa M Magar 4.62 Pakho Bari 1059 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Dhana Bdr Thapa Dhana Bdr Thapa M Magar 0.55 Pakho Bari 1060 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Padam Maya Rana Menu Maya Ale F Magar 0.47 Pakho Bari 1061 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Om Maya Kunwar Meghnath Kunwar F Sanyasi 0.77 Pakho Bari 1062 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Santaraj Ale Mohansingh Ale M Magar 0.83 Pakho Bari 1063 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Tul Bdr. Thapa Tul Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.22 Pakho Bari 1064 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Ek Bdr Thapa Ek Bdr Thapa M Magar 1.98 Pakho Bari 1065 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Nol Bdr Rana Padam Bdr. Rana M Magar 1.57 Pakho Bari 1066 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Pitambar Thapa Pitambar Thapa M Magar 0.8 Khet 1067 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Lila Bdr Ale Tek Bdr. Ale M Magar 0.74 Pakho Bari 1068 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Resham Bdr Thapa Resham Bdr Thapa M Magar 0.3 Pakho Bari 1069 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Tek Bdr BK Tek Bdr BK M Dalit 0.66 Pakho Bari 1070 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Khadimaya Thapa Deu Bdr. Thapa F Magar 1.02 Pakho Bari 1071 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Hastimaya Thapa Hastimaya Thapa F Magar 0.81 Pakho Bari 1072 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Chitra Bdr. Ale Chitra Bdr. Ale M Magar 0.46 Pakho Bari 1073 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Tula Thapa Bihure Thapa M Magar 0.6 Pakho Bari 1074 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Saranghat Keshar Bdr. Thapa Santa Bdr. Thapa Magar M Magar 0.55 Pakho Bari 1075 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Saranghat Prem Lal Gurung Prem Lal Gurung M Gurung 0.41 Pakho Bari 1076 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Chisopani Keshusingh Thakuri Keshusingh Thakuri M Thakuri 0.66 Pakho Bari 1077 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Sukhaura Krishna Singh Thapa Krishna Singh Thapa M Magar 0.66 Pakho Bari 1078 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Chisopani Ram Bdr B. Thakuri Ram Bdr Bamsi Thakuri M Thakuri 0.41 Pakho Bari 1079 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Saranghat Jit Bdr. Thapa Santa Bdr. Thapa Magar M Magar 0.57 Pakho Bari 1080 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Saranghat Junimaya Gurung Santa Maya Gurung F Gurung 0.2 Pakho Bari 1081 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Gobardan Thapa Gobardan Thapa M Magar 0.72 Pakho Bari 1082 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Madhumaya Hamal Run Bdr. Thapa Magar F Magar 1.26 Pakho Bari 1083 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Siure Magar Til Bdr. Magar M Magar 0.66 Pakho Bari 1084 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Kamansingh Magar Kamansingh Magar M Magar 0.56 Pakho Bari 1085 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Bhakta Bdr. Magar Purna Maya Magar M Magar 0.92 Pakho Bari 1086 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Ranitar Surjai Thapa Magar Surjai Thapa Magar M Magar 0.59 Pakho Bari 1087 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Ranitar Bir Bdr. Gurung Bir Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 1.9 Khet 1088 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Pyajtar Bhuwa Bdr Gurung Mangal Singh Gurung M Gurung 0.15 Pakho Bari 1089 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Pyajtar Padam Bdr. Gurung Dalsingh Gurung M Gurung 1.06 Pakho Bari 1090 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Arte Thapa Khadga Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.88 Pakho Bari 1091 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Pyajtar Mekh Lal Gurung Gun Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 1.87 Pakho Bari 1092 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Gopisara Gurung Purna Bdr. Gurung F Gurung 0.51 Pakho Bari 1093 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Mani Kumar Gurung Mani Kumar Gurung M Gurung 0.44 Pakho Bari

- 2 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex V: Details of Surveyed HHs, Landowners and Landholding by Land Type ID N0. District RM/Mun. Ward No Village Name of HH Head Name of Land Owner Sex of HH Caste/ Ethnicity Land Holding (ha) Type of Land 1094 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Resham Gurung Santa Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.31 Pakho Bari 1095 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Chhalimaya Thapa Chhalimaya Thapa F Magar 1.12 Pakho Bari 1096 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Ranjana Gurung Taklal Gurung F Magar 0.31 Pakho Bari 1097 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Chisopani Dambar Bdr Thakuri Dambar Bdr Thakuri M Thakuri 1.71 Pakho Bari 1098 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Chisopani Tek Bdr Shahi Tek Bdr Shahi M Thakuri 0.41 Pakho Bari 1099 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Sarita Thapa Gopal Thapa F Magar 1.17 Pakho Bari 1100 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Lila Maya Thapa Om Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.41 Pakho Bari 1101 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Dambar Bdr. Thapa Dambar Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.25 Pakho Bari 1102 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Bikhmaya Magar Bikhmaya Magar F Magar 0.76 Pakho Bari 1103 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Birkha Maya Gurung Birkha Maya Gurung F Gurung 0.66 Pakho Bari 1104 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Khemmaya Thapa Khemmaya Thapa F Magar 0.86 Pakho Bari 1105 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Krishna Bdr. Thapa Krishna Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.81 Pakho Bari 1106 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Som Bdr. Thapa Bishramani Thapa M Magar 0.15 Pakho Bari 1107 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Phulmaya Thapa Garbasingh Thapa F Magar 0.43 Pakho Bari 1108 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Tulki Gurung Tulki Gurung F Gurung 0.78 Khet 1109 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Man Bdr. Thapa Somati Thapa M Magar 0.55 Pakho Bari 1110 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Bhomaya Thapa Bir Bdr. Thapa Lahar F Magar 0.86 Pakho Bari 1111 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Mashgaun Nari Maya Thapa Sukbir Thapa F Magar 1.22 Pakho Bari 1112 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Mashgaun Keshari Ale Bir Bdr. Ale F Magar 0.81 Pakho Bari 1113 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Mashgaun Som Bdr. Thapa Arun Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.12 Pakho Bari 1114 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Durga Bdr. Gurung Durga Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.55 Pakho Bari 1115 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Mansingh Gurung Mansingh Gurung M Gurung 0.31 Pakho Bari 1116 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Bam Bdr. Gurung Bam Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 1.53 Pakho Bari 1117 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Chitra Bdr. Gurung Chitra Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.31 Pakho Bari 1118 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Chandra Bdr. Gurung Chandra Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.46 Pakho Bari 1119 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Ammar Bdr. Gurung Ammar Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.8 Pakho Bari 1120 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Shanta Maya Gurung Harka Bdr. Gurung F Gurung 0.95 Pakho Bari 1121 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Lautikhola Chomaya Gurung Chomaya Gurung F Gurung 0.61 Pakho Bari 1122 Tanahun Devghat 4 Gaighat Santa K. Shrestha Nirmala Shrestha M Newar 1.02 Khet 1123 Tanahun Devghat 4 Gaighat Gaumaya Gurung Gaumaya Gurung F Gurung 1.48 Pakho Bari 1124 Tanahun Devghat 4 Gaighat Deu Bdr. Gurung Deu Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 1.32 Khet 1125 Tanahun Devghat 4 Chaman Besi Chandra Bdr. Thapa Chandra Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.86 Pakho Bari 1126 Tanahun Devghat 4 Chaman Besi Dip Bdr. Thapa Dip Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.63 Pakho Bari 1127 Tanahun Devghat 4 Ale Danda Jas Maya Magarni Jas Maya Magarni F Magar 0.67 Pakho Bari 1128 Tanahun Devghat 4 Ale Danda Gopi Gurung Aashlal Gurung M Gurung 0.58 Pakho Bari 1129 Tanahun Bharatpur 1 Thimura Devi Pd Oli Janaki Oli M Brahman 0.03 Pakho Bari 1130 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Padam Bdr BK Padam Bdr BK M Dalit 0.66 Pakho Bari 1131 Tanahun Vyas 13 Belbas Junimaya Ale Junimaya Ale F Magar 0.46 Pakho Bari 1132 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Kavretar Som Maya BK Dhana Bdr BK F Dalit 0.26 Pakho Bari 1133 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Bishnu Pd Bhattarai Bishnu Pd Bhattarai M Brahman 1.03 Pakho Bari 1134 Tanahun Vyas 13 Belbas Man Bdr. Thapa Man Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.8 Pakho Bari 1135 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Lok Bdr Kami Lok Bdr Kami M Dalit 0.71 Pakho Bari 1136 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Dhakaltar Anita Pariyar Utt Bdr Damai F Dalit 0.37 Pakho Bari Total 101.34

- 3 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VI: Landholding and Land Loss of the Survyed HHs

ANNEX VI: LANDHOLDING AND LAND LOSS OF THE SURVEYED HHS

Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VI: Landholding and Land Loss of the Survyed HHs

ID N0. District RM/Mun. Ward Village Name of HH Head Name of Land Owner Sex of HH Caste/ Total Land (ha) Affected % of Total Type of No Ethnicity Land Land Loss Land 1001 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Mana Bdr. Thapa Singha Thapa Magar M Magar 0.26 0.07 26.51 Pakho Bari 1002 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Mitra Lal Thapa Man Kumari Thapa Magar M Magar 0.2 0.01 4.21 Pakho Bari 1003 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Prem Bdr. Thapa Man Maya Thapa M Magar 0.59 0.19 32.98 Pakho Bari 1004 Tanahun Vyas 13 Binikot Lal Singh Thapa Lal Singh Thapa M Magar 0.33 0.06 17.8 Pakho Bari 1005 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Harka Bdr. Pariyar Harka Bdr. Pariyar M Dalit 0.61 0.04 6.84 Pakho Bari 1006 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Bhabisara Thapa Sher Bdr. Thapa F Magar 1.02 0.14 13.87 Pakho Bari 1007 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Tek Bdr. Rana Tek Bdr. Rana M Magar 0.81 0.14 17.76 Pakho Bari 1008 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Keshari Maya Thapa Keshari Maya Thapa F Magar 0.81 0.07 8.1 Pakho Bari 1009 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Nara Bdr. Thapa Tikasar Thapa M Magar 0.97 0.23 23.32 Pakho Bari 1010 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Gangamaya Thapa Gangamaya Thapa F Magar 0.69 0.08 12.28 Pakho Bari 1011 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Mitra Lal Thapa Singha Thapa Magar M Magar 0.35 0.07 19.58 Pakho Bari 1012 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Narayan Bdr. Rana Dilman Rana M Magar 0.61 0.12 19.25 Pakho Bari 1013 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Padam Bdr. Thapa Maan Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.61 0.07 12.13 Pakho Bari 1014 Tanahun Vyas 13 Siwalsan Pari Maya Ale Prem Bdr. Ale F Magar 0.53 0.16 29.17 Pakho Bari 1015 Tanahun Vyas 13 Bhanjyang Suka Bdr. Damai Gauri Maya Damai M Dalit 0.36 0.08 21.54 Pakho Bari 1016 Tanahun Vyas 13 Aamdanda Dhanasing Damai Dhanasing Damai M Dalit 0.44 0.18 40.52 Pakho Bari 1017 Tanahun Vyas 13 Aamdanda Nara Bdr. Ale Nara Bdr. Ale M Magar 5.39 0.03 0.51 Pakho Bari 1018 Tanahun Vyas 13 Dandatole Lal Bdr. Ale Min Bdr. Lopchan Ale M Magar 0.75 0.01 0.69 Pakho Bari 1019 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Dur Maya Thapa Dur Maya Thapa F Magar 0.41 0.09 23.18 Pakho Bari 1020 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Shanta Thapa Magar Shanta Thapa Magar M Magar 0.41 0.07 16.58 Pakho Bari 1021 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Padumi Rana Padumi Rana F Magar 0.36 0.04 10.69 Pakho Bari 1022 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Sansarimaya Thapa Sansarimaya Thapa F Magar 0.64 0 0.01 Pakho Bari 1023 Tanahun Vyas 13 Reep Phal Bdr. Thapa Phal Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.52 0.19 36.95 Pakho Bari 1024 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Rupa Maya Thapa Rupa Maya Thapa F Magar 0.49 0.02 4.64 Pakho Bari 1025 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Ram Bdr. Thapa Ram Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.56 0.03 5.81 Pakho Bari 1026 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Sher Bdr. Thapa Sher Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.62 0.14 22.64 Pakho Bari 1027 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Jit Bdr Rana Jit Bdr Rana M Magar 1.17 0.06 5.4 Pakho Bari 1028 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Meen Maya Thapa Maan Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.61 0.07 12.13 Pakho Bari 1029 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Som Bdr. Thapa Nandi Maya Thapa M Magar 0.11 0 4.02 Pakho Bari 1030 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Devi Lal Magar Devi Lal Magar M Magar 0.8 0.06 6.97 Pakho Bari 1031 Tanahun Vyas 13 Shikhardi Til Bdr. Thapa Til Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.91 0.08 8.26 Pakho Bari 1032 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Dur Maya Thapa Bhai Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.91 0.22 23.94 Pakho Bari 1033 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Man Bdr. Thapa Padam Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.58 0 0.05 Pakho Bari 1034 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Purna Bdr. Thapa Purna Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.16 0.04 23.12 Pakho Bari 1035 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Mohan Singh Ale Reema Ale M Magar 0.31 0.05 17.03 Pakho Bari 1036 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Tul Bdr. Thapa Tul Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.15 0.14 93.1 Pakho Bari 1037 Tanahun Vyas 13 Majhkot Lal Bdr. Thapa Lal Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.68 0.19 28.12 Pakho Bari 1038 Tanahun Vyas 14 Naya Gaun Chhalimaya Thapa Chhalimaya Thapa F Magar 1.53 0.09 6.11 Pakho Bari 1039 Tanahun Vyas 14 Naya Gaun Chitra Bdr. Thapa Chitra Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.39 0 1.17 Pakho Bari 1040 Tanahun Vyas 14 Naya Gaun Nara Bdr. Thapa Nara Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.5 0.06 12.21 Pakho Bari 1041 Tanahun Vyas 14 Koldanda Pimaya Thapa Jit Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.46 0.08 17.58 Pakho Bari 1042 Tanahun Vyas 14 Koldanda Manjila BK Dhane Kami M Kami 0.31 0.05 16.38 Pakho Bari 1043 Tanahun Vyas 14 Dhakeshwor Yog Maya Thapa Mansing Tache Magar F Magar 0.56 0.03 4.5 Pakho Bari 1044 Tanahun Vyas 14 Dhakeshwor Man Bdr. Thapa Dilu Tarun Magar M Magar 0.61 0.11 18 Pakho Bari 1045 Tanahun Vyas 14 Dhakeshwor Eem Kumari Thapa Khadga Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.31 0 0.19 Pakho Bari 1046 Tanahun Vyas 14 Thin Prem Bdr. Thapa Mohanimaya Thapa M Magar 0.44 0.09 20.5 Khet 1047 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Tej Bdr. Thapa Tej Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.64 0.04 6.07 Pakho Bari 1048 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Suka Bdr. Thapa Dilmaya Thapa M Magar 1.62 0.2 12.06 Pakho Bari 1049 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Dil Bdr. Thapa Dil Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.45 0.04 8.83 Pakho Bari 1050 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Om Bdr. Thapa Rithu Bache Magar M Magar 0.15 0.02 11.57 Pakho Bari

- 1 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VI: Landholding and Land Loss of the Survyed HHs

ID N0. District RM/Mun. Ward Village Name of HH Head Name of Land Owner Sex of HH Caste/ Total Land (ha) Affected % of Total Type of No Ethnicity Land Land Loss Land 1051 Tanahun Vyas 14 Sunder Tul Bdr. Thapa Tul Bdr. Thapa M Magar 1.79 0.01 0.65 Pakho Bari 1052 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Om Bdr. Thapa Om Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.36 0.02 6.85 Pakho Bari 1053 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Bir Bdr. Magar Bir Bdr. Magar M Magar 0.38 0.02 6.36 Pakho Bari 1054 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Til Bdr. Thapa Sahabir Thapa M Magar 0.93 0.02 2.35 Pakho Bari 1055 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Juthi Thapa Yama Bdr Thapa F Magar 0.97 0.09 9.01 Pakho Bari 1056 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Chakra Bdr Thapa Narshing Thapa M Magar 0.61 0.12 19.08 Pakho Bari 1057 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Tek Bdr Thapa Keshab Bdr Thapa M Magar 1.12 0.08 7.15 Pakho Bari 1058 Tanahun Vyas 14 Harkapur Nil Bdr Thapa Nil Bdr Thapa M Magar 4.62 0.11 2.31 Pakho Bari 1059 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Dhana Bdr Thapa Dhana Bdr Thapa M Magar 0.55 0.03 6.2 Pakho Bari 1060 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Padam Maya Rana Menu Maya Ale F Magar 0.47 0.12 24.71 Pakho Bari 1061 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Om Maya Kunwar Meghnath Kunwar F Sanyasi 0.77 0.02 2.67 Pakho Bari 1062 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Santaraj Ale Mohansingh Ale M Magar 0.83 0 0.03 Pakho Bari 1063 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Tul Bdr. Thapa Tul Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.22 0.04 17.99 Pakho Bari 1064 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Ek Bdr Thapa Ek Bdr Thapa M Magar 1.98 0.16 8.06 Pakho Bari 1065 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Nol Bdr Rana Padam Bdr. Rana M Magar 1.57 0.06 3.81 Pakho Bari 1066 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Pitambar Thapa Pitambar Thapa M Magar 0.8 0 0.02 Khet 1067 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Lila Bdr Ale Tek Bdr. Ale M Magar 0.74 0.17 22.48 Pakho Bari 1068 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Resham Bdr Thapa Resham Bdr Thapa M Magar 0.3 0.05 16.62 Pakho Bari 1069 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Tek Bdr BK Tek Bdr BK M Dalit 0.66 0.04 6.39 Pakho Bari 1070 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Khadimaya Thapa Deu Bdr. Thapa F Magar 1.02 0.27 26.36 Pakho Bari 1071 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Hastimaya Thapa Hastimaya Thapa F Magar 0.81 0.1 11.92 Pakho Bari 1072 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Chitra Bdr. Ale Chitra Bdr. Ale M Magar 0.46 0.07 15.34 Pakho Bari 1073 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Tula Thapa Bihure Thapa M Magar 0.6 0.15 25.67 Pakho Bari 1074 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Saranghat Keshar Bdr. Thapa Santa Bdr. Thapa Magar M Magar 0.55 0.55 100 Pakho Bari 1075 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Saranghat Prem Lal Gurung Prem Lal Gurung M Gurung 0.41 0.06 14.9 Pakho Bari 1076 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Chisopani Keshusingh Thakuri Keshusingh Thakuri M Thakuri 0.66 0.3 45.69 Pakho Bari 1077 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Sukhaura Krishna Singh Thapa Krishna Singh Thapa M Magar 0.66 0.3 45.28 Pakho Bari 1078 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Chisopani Ram Bdr B. Thakuri Ram Bdr Bamsi Thakuri M Thakuri 0.41 0.04 10.33 Pakho Bari 1079 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Saranghat Jit Bdr. Thapa Santa Bdr. Thapa Magar M Magar 0.57 0.09 16.33 Pakho Bari 1080 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Saranghat Junimaya Gurung Santa Maya Gurung F Gurung 0.2 0.2 100 Pakho Bari 1081 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Gobardan Thapa Gobardan Thapa M Magar 0.72 0.1 13.55 Pakho Bari 1082 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Madhumaya Hamal Run Bdr. Thapa Magar F Magar 1.26 0.02 1.35 Pakho Bari 1083 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Siure Magar Til Bdr. Magar M Magar 0.66 0.01 1.61 Pakho Bari 1084 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Kamansingh Magar Kamansingh Magar M Magar 0.56 0 0.14 Pakho Bari 1085 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Bhakta Bdr. Magar Purna Maya Magar M Magar 0.92 0.28 30.82 Pakho Bari 1086 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Ranitar Surjai Thapa Magar Surjai Thapa Magar M Magar 0.59 0.13 22.09 Pakho Bari 1087 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Ranitar Bir Bdr. Gurung Bir Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 1.9 0.06 2.93 Khet 1088 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Pyajtar Bhuwa Bdr Gurung Mangal Singh Gurung M Gurung 0.15 0.03 18.59 Pakho Bari 1089 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Pyajtar Padam Bdr. Gurung Dalsingh Gurung M Gurung 1.06 0.04 4.03 Pakho Bari 1090 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Bakase Arte Thapa Khadga Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.88 0.05 5.3 Pakho Bari 1091 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Pyajtar Mekh Lal Gurung Gun Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 1.87 0.06 3.14 Pakho Bari 1092 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Gopisara Gurung Purna Bdr. Gurung F Gurung 0.51 0.22 43.8 Pakho Bari 1093 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Mani Kumar Gurung Mani Kumar Gurung M Gurung 0.44 0.01 1.99 Pakho Bari 1094 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Resham Gurung Santa Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.31 0.02 5.12 Pakho Bari 1095 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Chhalimaya Thapa Chhalimaya Thapa F Magar 1.12 0.04 3.6 Pakho Bari 1096 Tanahun Bandipur 7 Dharampani Ranjana Gurung Taklal Gurung F Magar 0.31 0 0 Pakho Bari 1097 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Chisopani Dambar Bdr Thakuri Dambar Bdr Thakuri M Thakuri 1.71 0.11 6.63 Pakho Bari 1098 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Chisopani Tek Bdr Shahi Tek Bdr Shahi M Thakuri 0.41 0.23 55.3 Pakho Bari 1099 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Sarita Thapa Gopal Thapa F Magar 1.17 0.23 19.56 Pakho Bari 1100 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Lila Maya Thapa Om Bdr. Thapa F Magar 0.41 0 0 Pakho Bari 1101 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Dambar Bdr. Thapa Dambar Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.25 0.11 44.43 Pakho Bari 1102 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Bikhmaya Magar Bikhmaya Magar F Magar 0.76 0.03 4.58 Pakho Bari

- 2 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VI: Landholding and Land Loss of the Survyed HHs

ID N0. District RM/Mun. Ward Village Name of HH Head Name of Land Owner Sex of HH Caste/ Total Land (ha) Affected % of Total Type of No Ethnicity Land Land Loss Land 1103 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Birkha Maya Gurung Birkha Maya Gurung F Gurung 0.66 0.15 22.87 Pakho Bari 1104 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Khemmaya Thapa Khemmaya Thapa F Magar 0.86 0.1 12.09 Pakho Bari 1105 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Krishna Bdr. Thapa Krishna Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.81 0 0.57 Pakho Bari 1106 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Som Bdr. Thapa Bishramani Thapa M Magar 0.15 0.03 17.47 Pakho Bari 1107 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Phulmaya Thapa Garbasingh Thapa F Magar 0.43 0.07 15.83 Pakho Bari 1108 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Tulki Gurung Tulki Gurung F Gurung 0.78 0.08 10.88 Khet 1109 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Man Bdr. Thapa Somati Thapa M Magar 0.55 0.1 19.11 Pakho Bari 1110 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Bhomaya Thapa Bir Bdr. Thapa Lahar F Magar 0.86 0.03 2.92 Pakho Bari 1111 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Mashgaun Nari Maya Thapa Sukbir Thapa F Magar 1.22 0.2 16.56 Pakho Bari 1112 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Mashgaun Keshari Ale Bir Bdr. Ale F Magar 0.81 0 0.3 Pakho Bari 1113 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Mashgaun Som Bdr. Thapa Arun Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.12 0.02 20.48 Pakho Bari 1114 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Durga Bdr. Gurung Durga Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.55 0.24 43.93 Pakho Bari 1115 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Mansingh Gurung Mansingh Gurung M Gurung 0.31 0.06 19.43 Pakho Bari 1116 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Bam Bdr. Gurung Bam Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 1.53 0.04 2.68 Pakho Bari 1117 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Chitra Bdr. Gurung Chitra Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.31 0.05 15.43 Pakho Bari 1118 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Chandra Bdr. Gurung Chandra Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.46 0.03 6.07 Pakho Bari 1119 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Ammar Bdr. Gurung Ammar Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 0.8 0.05 6.12 Pakho Bari 1120 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Peughat Shanta Maya Gurung Harka Bdr. Gurung F Gurung 0.95 0.04 3.91 Pakho Bari 1121 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Lautikhola Chomaya Gurung Chomaya Gurung F Gurung 0.61 0.19 31.24 Pakho Bari 1122 Tanahun Devghat 4 Gaighat Santa K. Shrestha Nirmala Shrestha M Newar 1.02 0.09 9.31 Khet 1123 Tanahun Devghat 4 Gaighat Gaumaya Gurung Gaumaya Gurung F Gurung 1.48 0.1 6.93 Pakho Bari 1124 Tanahun Devghat 4 Gaighat Deu Bdr. Gurung Deu Bdr. Gurung M Gurung 1.32 0.44 33 Khet 1125 Tanahun Devghat 4 Chaman Besi Chandra Bdr. Thapa Chandra Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.86 0.03 3.88 Pakho Bari 1126 Tanahun Devghat 4 Chaman Besi Dip Bdr. Thapa Dip Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.63 0.08 11.97 Pakho Bari 1127 Tanahun Devghat 4 Ale Danda Jas Maya Magarni Jas Maya Magarni F Magar 0.67 0.12 17.14 Pakho Bari 1128 Tanahun Devghat 4 Ale Danda Gopi Gurung Aashlal Gurung M Gurung 0.58 0.09 16.18 Pakho Bari 1129 Tanahun Bharatpur 1 Thimura Devi Pd Oli Janaki Oli M Brahman 0.03 0.03 81.59 Pakho Bari 1130 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Majhtar Padam Bdr BK Padam Bdr BK M Dalit 0.66 0.08 12.01 Pakho Bari 1131 Tanahun Vyas 13 Belbas Junimaya Ale Junimaya Ale F Magar 0.46 0.06 12.07 Pakho Bari 1132 Tanahun Bandipur 6 Kavretar Som Maya BK Dhana Bdr BK F Dalit 0.26 0.07 27.48 Pakho Bari 1133 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Bishnu Pd Bhattarai Bishnu Pd Bhattarai M Brahman 1.03 0.05 5 Pakho Bari 1134 Tanahun Vyas 13 Belbas Man Bdr. Thapa Man Bdr. Thapa M Magar 0.8 0.07 9.27 Pakho Bari 1135 Tanahun Vyas 14 Rumsi Lok Bdr Kami Lok Bdr Kami M Dalit 0.71 0 0.08 Pakho Bari 1136 Tanahun Aabookhaireni 6 Dhakaltar Anita Pariyar Utt Bdr Damai F Dalit 0.37 0.09 23.43 Pakho Bari Total 101.34 12.00 16.07

- 3 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VII: Selected Photographs of the Project Area

ANNEX VII: SELECTED PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PROJECT AREA

Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VII: Selected Photographs of the Project Area

Photo - 1: Reep Settlement, Ward No. 13, Vyas Municipality

Photo - 2: Fetching Water

- 1 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VII: Selected Photographs of the Project Area

Photo - 3: Weaving Met (Gundri), Off-farm Activity of Women

Photo - 4: Household Survey

- 2 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VII: Selected Photographs of the Project Area

Photo - 5: Consultation with Chairman of Aabookhaireni Rural Municipality

Photo - 6: Consultation with Stakeholders at Ward Office, Keshav Tar, Ward No. 14, Vyas Municipality

- 3 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VII: Selected Photographs of the Project Area

Photo - 7: Office of the Bandipur Rural Municipality

Photo - 8: Shree Beni Mitra Primary School, Benikot, Ward No.13, Vyas Municipality

- 4 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VII: Selected Photographs of the Project Area

Photo - 9: Students of Shree Beni Mitra Primary School, Vyas Municipality

Photo - 10: Training of Field Survey Team at THL Office, Tanahu

- 5 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VII: Selected Photographs of the Project Area

Photo - 11: View of Powerhouse Area, Tanahu

Photo - 12: AP -1 Site, Bahun Tol, Ward No. 13, Vyas Municipality

- 6 - Tanahu Hydropower Limited RIPP for 220 kV Transmission Line Annex VII: Selected Photographs of the Project Area

Photo - 13: New Bharatpur Sub-station (NEA), Ramnagar, Ward No. 1, Bharatpur Metropolitan City

Photo - 14: View of Keshav Tar, Ward No. 14, Vyas Municipality

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