С.В. Гульчеева Madame Chiang Kai-Shek and Her Role in Chinese

С.В. Гульчеева 3 курс, Высшая школа управления науч. рук. ст. преп. М.С. Богославцева e-mail: [email protected] Madame Chiang Kai-Shek And Her Role In Chinese Politics Soong Mai-Ling was a Chinese politician, wife of Chiang Kai-shek. She was the youngest of the three sisters, who played a significant role in the history of China in the 20th century. She was born in the family of Charlie Soong, who was a businessman and Methodist preacher. Mai-Ling had two elder sisters, Eileen and Qingling, and three younger brothers. She studied at the Methodist missionary school McTyeire School for Girls in Shanghai. In 1908, her father sent her to con- tinue the education in the United States with her elder sisters. As she was too young to go to college, she lived near the Wesleyan College for girls, where her sisters studied. In 1913 she entered the prestigious college for girls – Wellesley College, which she graduated from in 1917 in ‘English literature’ and ‘philosophy’. After the graduation she returned to Shanghai, where she worked for the Young Christian women’s Association (YWCA). She was a member of the Shanghai Commission on child labor. In 1920, Soong Mai-Ling met Chiang Kai-shek, and in 1927 she mar- ried him. The wedding took place in December 1927 in the Christian Church in Shanghai. Chiang Kai-shek did not speak English, so his wife became his chief translator and then adviser in everything that was connected with West- ern politics. As she was brought up in America, Madame Chiang Kai-shek smoothed things over in the relationships between the Generalissimo Chiang and his government and the West. And in the eyes of the American intelligen- tsia, this pair became the main force that was modernizing China. The Times in 1938 called them ‘man and wife of the year’. In the early 1940s, Madame Chiang Kai-shek wrote some articles for the New York Times and for Atlan- tic Monthly. The peak of her popularity came in 1943 – the time of her tour in America, where she came to ask for the support of the Kuomintang (the National government of China) in its struggle with Japan. She was the first Chinese citizen who got the right to speak in front of the U.S. Senate and the House of representatives. An even more convincing proof of her popularity in America was the fact that in Los Angeles she performed in front of a hall full of Hollywood stars. Together with Chiang Kai-shek in 1934 Soong Mai-Ling participated in the organization of the ‘movement for a new life’. This nationwide campaign 34 was aimed at renewing and strengthening China through the restoration of traditional Confucian moral values. In 1936-1938, she was Minister of avia- tion of the Kuomintang government. Madame Chiang played a big role in the negotiations during the XI’an incident when Chiang Kai-shek was ar- rested. During the Japanese-Chinese war Soong Mei-Ling made great efforts to achieve international support for China. After Chiang Kai-shek’s defeat in the civil war, Madam Chiang went with him to Taiwan, where they continued to play an important role in Tai- wanese politics, especially after her husband got old. She was chief of the Taiwan Red Сross. After the death of Chiang Kai-shek in 1975, the power in Taiwan government shifted to his son from his first marriage, Chiang Ching-Kuo, who had difficult relationships with Mei- Ling. In 1975, she moved to the United States. In 2001, the Museum of Asian art in San Francisco hosted an exhibition of drawings and paintings by Soong Mei-Ling and other Chinese artists of the older generation. She died in her sleep on 23 October 2003 at the age of 106. This woman was at the forefront of Chinese politics at the turning points of her country’s history. This couple failed to unite China, but thanks to her, the country received tremendous global support and was at the very centre the of world politics. For her amazing life, Madame Chiang was undoubtedly for some time the most influential woman in the world and a true politician. В.К. Даниелян 4 курс, Высшая школа управления науч. рук. доц. Л.И. Миляева e-mail: [email protected] Staff Security As The Key Element Of Economic Security Of An Organization At present there emerge even more threats for economic security of an organization. Those can be both external and internal and can substantially affect both the performance of a concrete organization and the overall economic well-being. One of the spheres where a threat to economic security may emerge is staff security. Unfortunately, the employers are often careless about staff selection and as a result they encounter undesirable effects [3:79]. Staff security is a constituent of economic security and the former promotes sustainable development of an organization by cutting down risks and threats connected with the poor quality of the execution by the staff of 35.

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