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Introduction Grégory Bonnin, Enora Le Quéré Introduction Grégory Bonnin, Enora Le Quéré To cite this version: Grégory Bonnin, Enora Le Quéré. Introduction. Pouvoirs, îles et mer. Formes et modalités de l’hégémonie dans les Cyclades antiques (VIIe s. a.C. – IIIe s. p.C.), 64, Ausonius, pp.11-18, 2014, Scripta Antiqua. hal-01952995 HAL Id: hal-01952995 https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01952995 Submitted on 12 Dec 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Pouvoirs, îles et mer Grégory Bonnin est docteur en Histoire, Langues et Littérature anciennes, université de Bordeaux - Montaigne ; chercheur associé à Ausonius - UMR 5607. Enora Le Quéré est docteur en Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité, université Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne ; chercheur associé à ArScAn - UMR 7041. Ausonius Éditions — Scripta Antiqua 64 — Pouvoirs, îles et mer Formes et modalités de l’hégémonie dans les Cyclades antiques (viie s. a.C.-iiie s. p.C.) édité par Grégory BONNIN & Enora LE QUÉRÉ ouvrage édité avec le soutien de ArScAn - Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité (UMR 7041) et de l’Université de Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne Diffusion De Boccard 11 rue de Médicis F - 75006 Paris — Bordeaux 2014 — Notice catalographique : Bonnin, G. et E. Le Quéré, éd. (2014) : Pouvoirs, îles et mer. Formes et modalités de l’hégémonie dans les Cyclades antiques (VIIe s. a.C.-IIIe s. p.C.), Ausonius Scripta Antiqua 64, Bordeaux. Mots clés : îles égéennes ; impérialisme ; thalassocratie ; empire ; pouvoir ; domination ; influences ; rapports dominants/dominés AUSONIUS Maison de l’Archéologie F - 33607 Pessac cedex http://ausonius.u-bordeaux3.fr/EditionsAusonius Diffusion De Boccard 11 rue de Médicis F - 75006 Paris http://www.deboccard.com Directeur des Publications : Olivier Devillers Secrétaire des Publications : Stéphanie Vincent Pérez Graphisme de couverture : Stéphanie Vincent Pérez © AUSONIUS 2014 ISSN : 1298-1990 ISBN : 978-2-35613-109-6 Achevé d’imprimer sur les presses de l’imprimerie BM Z.I. de Canéjan 14, rue Pierre Paul de Riquet F - 33610 Canéjan juin 2014 Illustration de couverture : Porte du Temple d’Apollon, Naxos (d’après Blouet et al. 1838, pl. 24). Sommaire Patrice Brun, Préface 9 Grégory Bonnin & Enora Le Quéré, Introduction 11 Grégory Bonnin & Enora Le Quéré, Remerciements 19 Première partie D’une domination à l’autre : formes, résistance et acceptation Introduction à la partie 23 Antoine Deramaix, Une thalassocratie samienne au VIe s. a.C. ? 25 Francis Prost, L’impossible domination cycladique : retour sur les conflits entre Pariens et Naxiens 45 Grégory Bonnin, Les Cyclades face à l’impérialisme d’Athènes : entre coercition et adaptation 57 Brian Rutishauser, Crowning the Polis: Island Gifts and Aegean Politics 69 Christophe Pébarthe, Les Cyclades dans la tourmente des thalassocraties. Approche comparatiste des dominations athénienne (Ve siècle) et lagide (IIIe siècle) 81 Nikolaos Petrochilos, An Insular Field of Rivalry: Andros and the Hellenistic Rulers 101 Nathan Badoud, Rhodes et les Cyclades à l’époque hellénistique 115 Deuxième partie À la recherche d’une identité cycladique : les stratégies hégémoniques entre affichage et propagande Introduction à la partie 133 Vasiliki Barlou, The Terrace of the Lions on Delos: Rethinking a Monument of Power in Context 135 Frédéric Herbin, Propagande et stratégies d’occupation de l’espace sacré durant la période de l’Indépendance à Délos 161 Nathan Badoud & Frédéric Herbin, Le monument d’Agathostratos de Rhodes à Délos 183 8 John Tully, Artemidorus’ temenos as a memorial of Hellenistic Thera 189 Ismini Lydia Gaitanou, Grave Monuments on Cyclades during the Roman Period 203 Enora Le Quéré, La drachme au temps du denier : le monnayage impérial de Mélos, entre domination romaine et identité civique 217 Troisième partie Trafic d’influences : retour sur les relations culturelles et économiques dans l’Archipel Introduction à la partie 241 Zozi D. Papadopoulou, Pythian or Delian? A Cycladic reading of the Homeric Hymn to Apollo 243 Christy Constantakopoulou, Semonides of Samos or of Amorgos? TheArchaeology of the Samians and the Question of the Archaic Colonization of Amorgos Reconsidered 257 Natacha Trippé, Contacts et influences : quelques remarques à propos des alphabets archaïques des Cyclades 269 Jacques des Courtils, Paros et Thasos : le maintien des liens culturels dans la construction publique 279 Jean-Sébastien Gros, La diffusion des grandes productions céramiques dans les Cyclades : un regard diachronique 287 Aurélie Carrara, À la poursuite de l’ocre kéienne (IG, II2, 1128) : mesures économiques et formes de domination athénienne dans les Cyclades au IVe s. a.C. 295 Sophia Zoumbaki, “At the Mercy of Waves and Storms…”: Roman and Italiote Traders and Settlers in the Cyclades 317 Roland Étienne, Conclusion 331 Bibliographie générale 335 Index des sources littéraires 361 Index des sources épigraphiques 369 Index des noms de lieux et de personnes 377 Pouvoirs, îles et mer Pouvoirs, Introduction Grégory Bonnin & Enora Le Quéré S’il nous faut faire un constat au sujet de cette partie du monde grec, c’est le relatif peu de soin que les Cyclades ont, jusqu’alors, reçu de la part des Modernes. Bien sûr, la collecte des inscriptions, les découvertes fortuites, ajoutées à quelques sporadiques campagnes de fouilles et de prospections archéologiques, nous ont offert une base solide de documentation. Mais en fin de compte, seul un nombre restreint de sites cycladiques occupés au cours de l’Antiquité classique ont fait l’objet de fouilles systématiques et extensives. Évoquons en premier lieu l’exception qui confirme la règle : Délos. Fouillée depuis plus d’un siècle de manière systématique par les différentes équipes de l’École française d’Athènes1, l’île d’Apollon est en tout point exceptionnelle, aussi bien en raison de sa situation politique particulière au sein de l’Archipel tout au long de l’Antiquité classique, que des connaissances que les Modernes en ont. Il est inutile de développer plus avant les raisons et le résultat de ce décalage. Délos reste un cas extraordinaire – au sens premier – à l’échelle du monde égéen. Allant quelque peu à l’encontre d’une inertie initiée par cet état de fait, cet ouvrage a souhaité replacer Délos au cœur de l’Archipel en même temps qu’il la considère comme une île parmi ses voisines, sans pour autant nier son caractère particulier. À une échelle plus réduite mais non moins intéressante, la cité antique de Théra a également fait l’objet de fouilles importantes à la fin du xixe et au début du xxe siècles : bien que dépassés sur bien des points, les volumes de publication de cette fouille constituent une mine inégalée de renseignements sur cette cité insulaire2. Plus récemment, c’est à Andros (site de Palaiopolis) et à Kythnos que des fouilles systématiques ont été menées sur le territoire des cités antiques, dont les premiers résultats paraissent d’ailleurs très prometteurs3. Il faut ajouter à cela les campagnes de prospections qui furent menées sur les territoires de Kéos et de Mélos, et qui ont fait l’objet de deux publications remarquables4. Mais, force est de constater que cela fait bien peu en comparaison du nombre d’îles que compte l’Archipel. Fascinant pourtant les voyageurs depuis la Renaissance et encore jusqu’au xixe siècle5, l’Archipel semble perdre, à mesure que se précisent les études historiques, quelque peu de son intérêt pour les savants, attirés de manière légitime par d’autres régions où l’hellénisme y était plus visible. Il nous faudra noter tout de même que chaque île habitée des Cyclades fit l’objet d’études diverses entre le dernier quart du xixe siècle et la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ces ouvrages s’intéressent aussi bien à l’histoire et à la géographie des îles qu’ils étudient, qu’aux 1 Une collection a été dédiée à la publication des fouilles qui y ont été entreprises, il s’agit des volumes de l’Exploration Archéologique de Délos (EAD) ; tandis que les Inscriptions de Délos (ID) rassemblent l’ensemble du corpus épigraphique issu de l’île. 2 Hiller 1899b, 1903b et 1904. Pour la publication récente de nouveaux résultats, voir Hoepfner 1997. 3 Pour Andros, voir les différents travaux de L. Palaiokrassa-Kopitsa ; pour Kythnos, ceux d’A. Mazarakis Ainian. Cf. aussi Mazarakis Ainian & Mitsopoulou 2007 et Mitsopoulou 2010. 4 Cherry et al. 1991, pour Kéos ; Renfrew & Wagstaff, éd. 1982, et plus récemment les travaux de l’équipe d’E. Photos-Jones (cf. Photos-Jones et al. 1999 ; Atkinson & Photos-Jones 2001) pour Mélos. 5 Voir en particulier Tournefort 1718 ; Ross [1835-1843] 1985 ; Bent [1885] 1966. Pour l’utilisation qui peut être faite de la lecture des récits de voyageurs, on se reportera en particulier à Brun 1993. 12 coutumes et autres légendes locales persistant dans le folklore insulaire. D’un accès difficile, ils ont été relativement peu diffusés et, qui plus est, bien souvent publiés enkatharévoussa 6. Durant la seconde moitié du xxe siècle, un certain nombre de monographies concernant telle ou telle île des Cyclades en particulier virent le jour, publications résultant le plus souvent de travaux individuels, de recherches effectuées sur plusieurs années7 ou de colloques attirant le regard des chercheurs sur l’une des îles de l’Archipel8. Parallèlement, plusieurs îles ou groupes d’îles ont bénéficié d’un traitement particulier dans les études historiques et archéologiques surtout depuis les années 19809 : on voit alors se multiplier analyses institutionnelles et sociales10, études numismatiques11, ou encore articles et ouvrages intéressant différentes formes de la culture matérielle des îles12.
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