The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367

POLITICAL PARTIES AND MUSLIMS IN

Dr. Mahammad Sharif E.mail: [email protected]. ROOM NO -37. NRS HOSTEL . -500007. TELANGANA

INTRODUCTION

The social classes in the Muslim community, elitist character of the Indian politics and the domination, cultural or otherwise, of the upper strata in the political arena have given birth to a number of Muslim political parties and groups. These organizations are partly religious and partly political. For them religion is the source of their ideology and political programme. It is the biggest integral element of the so-called identity of the community. It would be wrong to say that entire Muslim leadership belongs to these organizations. But, it exploits and uses their strength in order to consolidate its position within the community as well as outside the community1. With the exception of the Muslims attached to the communist Parties, no section of the Muslim leadership has been critical of the ideology and the programme of Muslim parties and groups.Now a revolution is possible with the change of outlook and change of opinion. it means that Islamic movement has a bright future here2.

POLITICAL PARTIES AND MUSLIMS

In Telangana State, so many political parties working for befits of the people. The parties fight for the rights and facilities for the below poverty and downtrodden in different parts of the State. Most of the Muslims in the State were under poverty. They don’t have any access to improve their livelihood. They don’t have education facilities in nook and corner of the State. Some villages still are living in the Dark Age. So, the leaders should fight for the facilities and development of the State. The leaders work in different parties with different agendas. Likewise the Muslim communities also fight for their rights and education etc. they supported some parties for their

1 Fyzee, A.A.A: A Modern Approach to Islam, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1963,P. 53. 2 Sirajul Hasan: Hindustan Mein Tehreak-e-Islami Ka Mustaqbil, Dawat-Ijtima Number, April 14, 1982, P.69.

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benefits3. The Muslim voters population in various constituencies in the country are details as follows.

MAJLIS-I-ITTIHAD AL-MUSLIMIN:

In the Muslim League had no place, but there exist some Muslim parties like the Majlis-e-Ittehad –e-Baimul Muslimeen, the Muslim Majlis-i-Mushawarat and the Majlis –i-Jamea. Of these the Majlis-e-Ittehad-e-Baimul Muslimeen, which means league for the unity of Muslims, “is more active in politics”. It is a pressure group rather than a political party. Its composition and goals testify to the fact that it is a party of the Muslims and for the Muslims. According to the 1971 Census, the Total Population of Andhra Pradesh was 4,33,94,951, out of which the Muslim population was 39,55,545, i.e. 9 percent. The Muslims are clustered in large numbers in some parts of the State like Hyderabad district and the Capital city. In Hyderabad District their population was 7,37,344 and they constitute about 43 percent of the population. So the strength of the Majlis is confined to Hyderabad district and the city4.

The Majlis Ittehadul Muslimeen was established as early as 1927 under the president ship of Nawab Sadar Ali Jung. It originated as a religious organization for preserving unity among the different groups of Muslims. In course of time a change took place in its objectives; it realized that political strength was required to protect the interest of Muslims. Nawab Bahadur Yar Jung was the first leader who brought about the transformation of the Majlis from a religious into politico- religious organization. On the eve of Indian Independence, Kasim Razvi became leader of the Majlis and the Razakars organization acted as its Para-military wing. The Razakars restored to anti-Hindu activities during Nizam rule. After the Police Action was launched by the Government of , and the surrender of the Nizam, Razvi was arrested and the Razakars were disbanded, in 1949, the Majlis was dissolved5.

The Majlis-I- Ittehadul Muslim or the Council of Muslim Unity party was found in 1927 as a federation of the representatives of Muslim sects and communities. It was the most important organization in Hyderabad city. from 1948-1957, it remained dormant as a result of the changed

3 Aggarwal,J.C & Chowdhary, N.K: 1952-96, Shipra Publications, Delhi, 1996,P.198. 4 Moin Shakir: Islam in Indian Politics, Ajanta Publications, Delhi, 1983,P.61. 5 Raghunadha Rao, P: History of Modern Andhra, Op-Cit, P.146.

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political situation in the erstwhile after its incorporation in India one year after independence.

The Majlis was again revived in 1957, under the leadership of Abdul Wahab Owaisi. After its dissolution in 1949, several Muslims had joined the Congress fold and now they were afraid again of becoming members of the Majlis. Owaisi adapted strategic and persuasive methods and started holding religious meetings. He declared Muslim loyalty to India, but called on Muslims to unite politically so that they might be able to promote their economic welfare. In 1960, the Majlis participated in the municipal elections 30 candidates and won 19 seats. “The electoral performance of the Majlis at the Assembly level has been, relatively speaking, impressive and in about two decades (1962-78) it has managed to increase its Assembly membership from one to three”. The Majlis aims to represent the interest of the Muslim community in the local bodies, the State Legislative Assembly, and the National Parliament6. According to its president :

“Muslims withdrawal from politics would be an irresponsible und undemocratic decision. No aspect of life is free from the impact of politics. No one holding power would listen to you unless you can back up your arguments with political muscle. Muslims must have a political platform of their own. Unless Muslims organize politically, and strengthen to defeat electoral candidates through communicating their interests and aspirations strongly, remain the Muslim communities will remains politically orphan”7.

The Majlis joined the electoral arena for the first time in 1960 in the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation elections and contested for 30 seats from a total of 66 seats. In this election the party wins 19 seats. Later the party contested in General Assembly election and sent three members to the State Assembly8.

HYDERABAD CONSTITUENCY-AN OVERVIEW

Located in the district of the same name and in the adjacent Rangareddy district, the Hyderabad parliamentary constituency comprises seven legislative assembly constituencies, four of which

6 Omar Khalidi: Indian Muslims since Independence, Op-Cit, P.191. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid.

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Charminar, Chadrayangutta, and Yakutpura) are urban and situated in the old city of Hyderabad, and three (Chevella, Vikarabad and Tandur) are semi-urban. In terms of the social composition of the constituency, comprise 59.4 percent, Muslims 37.6 percent, and the rest 2.1 percent of the total urban part of the constituency in 1981. In the semi-urban part, the social compositions are Hindus 75 percent, Muslims 11 percent and the rest 14 percent9.

The Hyderabad District, including the state capital is an educational and cultural centre. It is at the top in the state in educational level, with 45 percent literary, four universities, three medical and engineering colleges, several scientific and defence laboratories and institutes add to the importance of the area. Industrial development in the district for the last four decades has made the region the center of economic activity in the State10.

Reflecting the general pattern of Congress Party dominance in Telangana, the Hyderabad constituency constantly elected a Congress MP from the first general elections in 1952 to 1984. Up to 1983 the Opposition was, by and large, weak and fragmented so that the Congress had no effective challenge in the State. In 1983 the Telugu Desam, a regional party came out victorious in the State election ending decades of Congress rule. The following year saw the eighth general election for in the country, and for the first time, a candidate of the local Muslim Party, Majlis-i-Ittehadul-Muslimeen, was elected to Parliament benefitting from the spilt in majority Hindu votes which were divided between the two major parties, namely the Telugu Desam (TDP) and (INC). How was the Majlis able to win the seat in 1984 and 1989 and not earlier? An explanation lies in the political dynamics in the State and in the working of the Muslims strategy in Telangana politics11.

MAJLIS STRATEGY

By winning the hearts of electoral rolls (that is, a list of voters), the Majlis was able to identify Muslim voters in all seven Assembly constituencies collectively comprising the parliamentary constituency of Hyderabad. The numbers calculated to be approximately 35 percent

9 Census of India, 1981, series 2, Andhra Pradesh, Controller of Publication, New Delhi, 1986. 10 David Butler, Ashok Lahiri & Pranoy Roy: A Compendium of Indian Elections, Arnold-Heinemann Publishers, New Delhi, 1984,P.46. 11 Omar Khalidi: Indian Muslims Since Independence, Op-Cit, P.191.

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of the total voters. Given the massive majority to TDP leader, N.T. Rao as demonstrated in the 1983 State elections, a TDP candidate was expected to give a strong competition in every parliamentary contest in the State; something went to all previous elections. In Hyderabad, could be the reasons, the Majlis calculated of the INC and the TDP, paving the way for Majlis victory12.

The Majlis expected Muslims to vote in bulk, particularly if the community was assured that its votes would not be “wasted” and that a strong contest between the and the Indian National Congress provided a reasonable chance of victory to a third party.

Once the word spread that a Muslim candidate was likely to win in a tri-(or multi) cornered contest, the community mobilized in a manner that would ensure higher than national average Muslim voting. These four factors that would permit election of a candidate of a Muslim party from constituencies with at least 35 percent Muslim voters13.

A close examination of the electoral process in three contests, 1984, 1989 and 1991, reveals a laboratory-like situation obtaining in Hyderabad. In the 1984 election, the Majlis candidate faced two strong contestants in V. Hanumatha Rao of INC and K. Prabhakar Reddy of the TDP. Both candidates acknowledged on concentrating their campaigns on the semi-urban portion of the constituency. Neither of them spoke fluently enough to address public gatherings in the urban section of the constituency, so the two candidates were at a disadvantage from the beginning in the old city where Urdu is widely spoken. In addition, the Congress had lost many Muslim leaders over a period of time as a result of retirement or death. Younger and fresh Congress Muslim activists were not forthcoming, thus going for party campaigning difficult in Muslim area. The TDP started out as a total stranger to the Muslims, since its leadership came mainly from the Telugu-speaking rural elite of the State. The Majlis candidate was similarly handicapped in rural areas, but then his entire focus was on Muslim votes. Much the same set of candidates was fielded in the 1989 elections by the INC Laksma Reddy and T. Krishna Reddy of TDP, both of them from rural backgrounds and having little contact with or knowledge of Muslim constituents. In 1991, Owaisi faced a similar set of candidates, except for the BJP candidate, Baddam Bal Reddy, the

12 Frontline 22 March –april1986. 13 Omar Khalidi: Indian Muslims Since Independence, Op-Cit, P.193.

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BJP member of the A.P. Assembly from Karwan, a segment of the Hyderabad Parliamentary constituency in the old city. Baddam Bal Reddy is also a familiar figure in the old city politics.

The 1991 election was held in an extremely dreadful atmosphere created by the BJP president L.K. Advani’s Rathyatra (Hindu chariot procession) that killed over 300 Muslims in December 1990 in Hyderabad. Inflammatory speeches by Sadhvi (female priest) Rithambara in May 1991 added to the tense atmosphere. The other two opponents of Owaisi were P. Indra Reddy, a former Minister and TDP MLA, and Shiva Shnakar Goud, an obscure merchant, who contested on the INC ticket. Both lost deposits, but split off enough Hindu votes to enable Owaisi to win the seat a third time. Unlike the candidates of the national or regional parties, Owaisi has been a known figure in Hyderabad politics for well over three decades and in 1984 had briefly served as the Speaker of the Andhra Pradesh Assembly as one of the most senior member of the State Legislature14. In addition, Owaisi is considered by many to be a fluent speaker in Urdu, the language most popular in urban Hyderabad. The Majlis strategy workout and the party was played dominant role in Telangana State politics. Both the Muslim and voters voted to Majlis Party. The party focused on the backwardness in the old city particular and the rural areas general15. The leaders like Salahuddin Owaisi, and played an important role in strengthening of the Majlis Party in India general and Telangana in particular.

MUSLIM VOTERS IN TELANGANA STATE

In Telangana region the Muslim community occupied prominent place in the electorate. In Telangana, the Parliament constituencies are sixteen namely Adilabad, Badrachalam, Hanamkonda, Hyderabad, , Khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Medak, Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Peddapally , Siddipet and Warangal. The Muslim community percentage in 1991 of Adilabad Constituency is 10, Hyderabad 32, Karimnagar 6, Khammam 6, Mahaboobnagar 11, Medak 15, Miryalaguda 6, Nagarkurnool 8, Nizamabad 14, Peddapally 6, Secunderabad 17, Siddipet 8 and Warangal 8 percent respectively16. The Indian National Congress Party, Telugu Desam and Majlis Parties allocated seats for the Muslim

14 Masood Ali Khan & Mehdi Hussain: Role of the Urdu Press in 8th Lok Sabha Elections in Andhra Pradesh, Religion and Society 33, 1986,PP1-13. 15 David Sopher: An Exploration of India, Cornell University Press, 1980, P.306. 16 Aggarwal,J.C & Chowdhary, N.K: Elections in India 1952-96, Op-Cit, PP. 204-206.

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candidates for the general state. The parties contested for both the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress provided Lok Sabha and Assembly seats to the particular community in Telangana State since its inception. The party candidates won the seats. The Telangana Praja Samiti also contested in the Lok Sabha election and they allotted seats for Muslim community. But overall Majlis party constantly participated and won the Member of Parliament seat. The details of the Muslim elected candidates from different parts of the Telangana region for Lok Sabha as follows.

Table List of successful Muslim MP Candidates from Telangana Region Year Constituency Candidate Party 2019 Hyderabad Asaduddin Owaisi AIMIM 2014 Hyderabad Asaduddin Owaisi AIMIM 2009 Hyderabad Asaduddin Owaisi AIMIM 2004 Hyderabad Asaduddin Owaisi AIMIM 1999 Hyderabad Salahuddin Owaisi AIMIM 1996 Hanamkonda Kamaluddin Ahmad INC 1991 Hyderabad Salahuddin Owaisi MIM 1989 Hyderabad Salahuddin Owaisi MIM Hanamkonda Kamaluddin Ahmad INC 1984 Hyderabad Salahuddin Owaisi MIM 1980 Hyderabad Kamaluddin Ahmad INC 1977 Secunderabad M.M. Hashim INC Nalgonda Abdul Lateef INC 1971 Secunderabad M.M. Hashim TPS 1967 Secunderabad Bakar Ali Mirza INC Nalgonda M.Y. Saleem INC 1962 Secunderabad Ahmad Mohiuddin INC Warangal Bakar Ali Mirza INC 1957 Secunderabad Ahmad Mohiuddin INC Warangal Sadat Ali Khan INC

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Source:1.Statistical Reports on General Elections of Lok Sabha, 2009, 2004, 1998, 1996, 1991,1989,1984, 1980,1977, 1971,1967,1962,1957,Election Commission of India, Vol-I, New Delhi, P.1., 85,76,77,42,72,77,70,71,63,62,44,24.

The above table reveals the elected candidates in different parts of the Telangana region from 1957 onwards. Majority of Muslim candidates were elected from Hanamkonda, Secunderabad, Nalgonda, Warangal and Hyderabad. The most prominent leader in Hyderabad is Salahuddin Owaisi. He was the party supreme and able leader in Telangana region. He has been elected as Lok Sabha from Hyderabad constituency in 1984,1989, 1991 and 1999. Kamaluddin Ahmad from Indian National Congress party has been elected for Lok Sabha in 1980, 1989 and 1996. First time he has been elected to Lok Sabha from Hyderabad constituency and later from Hanamkonda17. Another prominent leader from Telangana region was Asaduddin Owaisi now he is the party supreme and strong spokesperson in Parliament from the downtrodden. He was also elected Lok Sabha thrice. Presently he was the Lok Sabha member from the Charminar constituency.

The Majlis Party was the strongest and most powerful party in Telangana Assembly. In the Assembly of Telangana, the party leader Akbaruddin Owaisi has delivered on various issues regarding Muslim community. He also pronounced about communal violence and religious discrimination in the Telangana region. The Majlis Party had seven Legislative members in 2009 Assembly. Akbaruddin is a good spokesmen, dynamic and strong leader from the Majlis Party. On the eve of Andhra Pradesh bifurcation he delivered one of the best speeches and grabbed the eyeballs of many people in Telangana. Akbaruddin also explained the contribution of Nizam to the Telangana region in assembly sessions18. The Majlis seats were increased in Telangana region. The details of successful Muslim Legislative members from Telangana are as follows.

Table The list of successful Muslim MLA Candidates from Telangana Region Year Constituency Candidate Party 2018 Ahmad bin Abdullah Balala AIMIM Nampally Jaffar Hussain AIMIM Karwan AIMIM

17 Statistical Report on General Election of Lok Sabha 1996, Election Commission of India, New Delhi, P.77. 18 Proceedings of the Assembly, of Andhra Pradesh, 2009.2014,2018.

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Charminar Mumtaz Ahmad Khan AIMIM Chadrayangutta Akbaruddin Owaisi AIMIM Yakutpura S.A. Pasha Quadri AIMIM Bahdurpura M.D. Moazam Khan AIMIM 2014 Malakpet Ahmad bin Abdullah Balala AIMIM Nampally Jaffar Hussain AIMIM Karwan Kausar Mohiuddin AIMIM Charminar S.A. Pasha Quadri AIMIM Chadrayangutta Akbaruddin Owaisi AIMIM Yakutpura Mumtaz Ahmad Khan AIMIM Bahdurpura M.D. Moazam Khan AIMIM 2009 Malakpet Ahmad bin Abdullah Balala AIMIM Nampally M.D. Virasat Rasool Khan AIMIM Karwan M.D. Muqtada Khan AIMIM Charminar S. A. Pasha Quadri AIMIM Chadrayangutta Akbaruddin Owaisi AIMIM Yakutpura Mumtaz Ahmad Khan AIMIM Bahdurpura M.D. Moazam Khan AIMIM 2004 Karwan M.D. Muqtada Khan AIMIM Yakutpura Mumtaz Ahmed Khan AIMIM Chadrayangutta Akbaruddin Owaisi AIMIM Charminar S.A. Pasha Quadri AIMIM Zahirabad M.D. Fariduddin INC Kamareddy M.D. Shabbir Ali INC 1999 Karwan Syed Sajjad AIMIM Yakutpura Mumtaz Ahmed Khan AIMIM Chadrayangutta Akbaruddin Owaisi AIMIM Charminar Asaduddin Owaisi AIMIM Zahirabad M.D. Fariduddin INC Kamareddy Yousuf Ali TDP

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Khammam Younis Sultan INC 1994 Yakutpura Mumtaz Ahmed Khan MBT Chadrayangutta M.D. Amanullah Khan MBT Charminar Asaduddin Owaisi MIM Bodhan Basheeruddin Babu Khan TDP Sujatanagar M.D. Rajab Ali CPI 1989 Asafnagar Syed Sajjad MIM Yakutpura Ibrahim Bin Abdullah Masqti MIM Chadrayangutta M.D. Amanullah Khan MIM Charminar M.D. Virasat Rasool Khan MIM Kamareddy M.D. Shabbir Ali INC Sujatanagar M.D. Rajab Ali CPI 1985 Amarchinta Rafic Mehdi Khan TDP Asafnagar M.D. Virasat Rasool Khan IND Yakutpura Ibrahim Bin Abdullah Masqti IND Chadrayangutta M.D. Amanullah Khan IND Charminar M.D. Mukkarramuddin IND Bodhan Basheeruddin Babu Khan TDP Sujatanagar M.D. Rajab Ali CPI 1983 Amarchinta M.D. Ismail IND Pargi Ahmad Sharif INC Asafnagar Afzal Sharif IND Karwan Baqer Agha IND Yakutpura Khaja Abu Sayeed IND Chadrayangutta M.D. Amanullah Khan IND Charminar Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi IND Sujatanagar M.D. Rajab Ali CPI 1978 Pargi Ahmad Sharif INC Yakutpura Baqer Agha IND Chadrayangutta M.D. Amanullah Khan IND

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Charminar Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi IND Bodhan Gulam Samdani INC 1972 Mahaboobnagar Ibrahim Ali Ansari INC Asafnagar Syed Rahmat Ali INC Sitarambagh Shafi-ur-Rahman IND Yakutpura Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi IND Charminar Syed Hassan IND Adilabad Masood Ahmad INC Khammam M.D. Rajab Ali CPI 1967 Mahaboobnagar Ibrahim Ali Ansari INC Asafnagar M.M Hashim INC Sitarambagh A.Hussain INC Yakutpura K. Nizamuddin IND Charminar Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi IND Jangoan M.K. Ahmad INC Khammam M.D. Rajab Ali CPM 1957 Shadnagar Shahjahan Begum INC Malakpet Mir Ahmad Ali Khan INC Yakutpura Shahabuddin Ahmad Khan INC Pathergatti Masooma Begum INC Nawab Mehdi Nawaz Jung INC Nizamabad M.D. Darwar Hussain INC Warangal Mirza Shukoor Beig INC Source: 1) Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh, Election Commission of India, New Delhi, PP.8-10. 2) Statistical Report on General Election, 2009,2014,&2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh, Election Commission of India, New Delhi, PP.8-10. The above table shows the year wise Muslim candidates who won in different election to the Legislative Assembly from Telangana region. The two parties allotted seats continuously in different years to Muslim candidates for Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress Party and Majlis Party Muslim candidates elected the Legislative Assembly in different years. The

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Yakutpura, Malakpet, Chadrayangutta, Charminar, Karwan, Asifnagar, Sujatanagar and Zahirabad constituencies elected most of the time the Muslim candidates19. These constituencies had more Muslim voters. The leaders like Akbaruddin Owaisi, Salahuddin Owaisi, Shabbir Ali, M.D. Rajab Ali, M.M. Hashim, M.D. Virasat Rasool Khan, Yusuf ali and Bashiruddin Babu Khan are prominent Muslim leaders in the State Assembly during that time. Many a times majority of the Majlis Party candidates have been elected from old city Assembly constituencies. The old city strongly supported to the Majlis Party. The Majlis Party secured 50 percent above votes from the old city constituencies. The Hyderabad district constituencies like Karwan, Yakutpura, Chadrayangutta and Charminar are urban areas and Vikarabad, Chevella and Tandur are rural areas. The rural areas had given less than 15 percent votes to the Majlis Party but the urban areas had given 50 percent above votes to the Majlis Party20. The details about the voting percent in the rural and urban constituencies of Hyderabad District are as follows.

Table Votes secured by the Majlis in 1984 Assembly Valid Votes Number of Percentage of Percentage of Segments Majlis Votes Muslim Votes Majlis Votes Tandur 73,390 6,850 11 9.3 Vikarabad 71,406 6,029 11 8.4 Chevella 85,656 5,391 11 6.2 Karwan 78,304 33,507 52 42.7 Yakutpura 81,922 60,723 70 74.1 Chadrayangutta 98,573 49,760 50 50.4 Charminar 93,371 59,910 60 64.1 Source: Omar Khalidi: Indian Muslims Since Independence, Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd, New Delhi, 1995, P.195. (Percentage of Valid Votes 68.83 percent.)

The above table shows that the Majlis secured votes from the seven Assembly constituents of the Hyderabad district. Karwan, Yakutpura, Chadrayangutta and Charminar constituents were

19 Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh, Election Commission of India, New Delhi, PP.8-10.

20 Omar Khalidi: Indian Muslims Since Independence, Op-Cit, P.195.

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urban Tandur, Vikarabad and Chevella were rural constituents. The highest Muslims votes recorded in the urban constituents. These constituents are casted their votes to the Majlis Party. The Majlis Party focuses on the four constituents in the Hyderabad Parliament segment. In 1984 Majlis vote bank was strong in the urban constituencies. Majlis get huge votes from Yakutpura, Charminar, Chadrayangutta and Karwan. The rural constituencies are casted less than 15 percent of votes to the party. But the Majlis Party won the Parliament constituency in general elections. The party had its own vote bank in old city. In every general election the party gets maximum 3 to 7 seats in their respective constituencies21. The Majlis Party voting percent is slightly different from 1984 to 1989. The details of the voting percent of both the rural and urban constituencies in 1989 are as follows.

Table Votes secured by the Majlis in 1989 Assembly Valid Votes Number of Percentage of Percentage of Segments Majlis Votes Muslim Votes Majlis Votes Tandur 1,34,859 9,849 11 7.3 Vikarabad 87,614 6,959 11 7.9 Chevella 1,10,651 6,161 11 5.5 Karwan 1,60,344 69,522 52 43.3 Yakutpura 1,15,668 82,924 70 71.6 Chadrayangutta 1,71,084 1,16,587 50 68.15 Charminar 1,43,774 1,08,365 60 75.3 Source: Omar Khalidi: Indian Muslims Since Independence, Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd, New Delhi, 1995, P.195.

The above table highlights the Muslim votes recorded in seven Assembly constituencies of Hyderabad Parliament constituency in 1989. The Majlis Party gets maximum votes from their community and also from the Hindus. Majority of the votes recorded from the Chadrayangutta Karwan and Charminar constituents. Highest votes got from the Yakutpura constituency i.e. 70 percent. The second and the third highest voting percentage got the Majlis party from the

21 Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh, Election Commission of India, New Delhi, PP.8-10.

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Charminar and the Karwan constituents22. More Muslim population is existing in the four constituencies in Hyderabad Parliament segment. Those four constituencies were namely Yakutpura, Charminar, Karwan and Chadrayangutta absolute support to the Majlis Party for winning the constituents.

22 David Sopher: An Exploration of India, Cornell University Press, 1980, P.306.

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