[ 1 as far as their appearance, behavior and biology are concerned, except they lack qualia qualia lack they except concerned, are biology and behavior appearance, their as far as mind of Philosophical zombies philosophy are imaginary creatures indistinguishable from a normal human analytic contemporary in discussions Many University Bahçeşehir AYTEKİN Tevfik University Technical East Middle SAYAN Erdinç Mindful Being www.dergipark.gov.tr/metazihin 2651 ISSN: METAZ 1 To Cite This Paper: has a full E Department of Computer Engineering, ** E of Philosophy, * their creatures, actual not are zombies if even that, think philosophers Some possible. . and

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[email protected] [email protected] - 165 - size book on zombies; see his (2005). zombies; on size book - 2963 mental states, consciousness, mind consciousness, states, mental Keywords the purpose, same the for in, call also We mind. and consciousness of concepts ordinary states. In this paper we draw on zombies to illuminate certain aspects of our common, mind Abstract . İ

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MetaZihin Yapay Zeka ve Zihin Felsefesi Dergisi

160 MetaMind Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy of Mind

that he doesn’t know how know doesn’t he that with such significant frequency statistically of correctness, the patient typically answers guesses make can he how asked When random. at totally made guesses than correct is “There or there” light red a is “There or there” blue something is “There like “guesses” patient’s the region, that in be may what about guess a make nevertheless to him insist we if But nothing. region a such in sees he what about questioned is patient the If field. visual his in regions some way normal the in him to see disables which disorder a with is someone neurological patient A blindsight be “very of can examples real as considered patients “blindsight” that says Block Ned zombie. a imagining into way our conceivability their about controversy this all have we Imagining what a zombie is like too. creature another by see, weshall as aided, be will we attempt this In relation. their and consciousness, of and mind of concepts there is nothing it is like to be a zombie like is zombie a what imagine to trying By mind. of theory philosophical any test than rather consciousness, zombies with an interest towards of imaginability or conceivability the into look will We mind. of concept intuitive our about us teach can zombies what of question the on focus and possible) nomologically are they that think to reasons our give for defeat a is zombies of physicalism and victory conceivability for any species of dualism, the such as epiphenomenalism. We whether will be not will here concern Our mind. of philosophy in option the as such mind, the epiphenom makes and theory, of supervenience the and theory views physicalistic the for threat a poses possibility mere SAYAN Erdinç of of them. T conscious or aware being without things perceive also can vision normal with humans below (or “subliminal called phenomenon known the of has syndrome blindsight with patient a that say to is this putting of the sensation of that color found in people with normal vision. An alternative way of exa for color, a This seeing appears of to be areas of field. his visual a i.e. seeing without qualia, “blind” those to correspond that shapes and colors the “see” way unusualsome in can

colors and shapes that fall in the blind areas of his visual field. Another well Another field. visual his of areas blind the in fall that shapes and colors his his means that there are moments when we all exhibit a touch of zombiehood.

& mple, without any attending “raw feels,” viz. the phenomenal character character phenomenal the viz. feels,” “raw attending any without mple,

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is not an easy matter of his visual field, he will sincerely say that he sees sees he that say sincerely will he field, visual his of underst

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anding perfectly imaginable and conceivable (even (even conceivable and imaginable perfectly / what it is like is it what December

our our ordinary concepts of mind and of - threshold) perception” shows that shows perception” threshold) — which which could partly explain why —

to be to 20 but there are ways of easing easing of ways are there but 18

a zombie, for for zombie, a

unconscious experience unconscious enalism a viable viable a enalism , ex hypothesi ex

1997 : 385). 385). -

3 2 begins to experience pain and auditory or gustatory qualia for the first time (not (not time first the for qualia gustatory necessarily all of them at the same point in time), although it is too early for the fetus or to auditory and pain experience to begins developme its during seems point certain It a at development. that, suppose fetal to plausible during place taking be may episode phenombiehood a of example Another any possessing without qualia, pain as such qualia, of range limited a experience can patients such that or be may It hopes desires. beliefs, thoughts, like states mental any lacks he that suggests appearance feel is he that indicate to seems which moaning, or grimace by stimuli some to respond may patient a occurs, death or coma of state total a before Shortly death. or coma nearing patients involves example some real examples of what may to imagine than zombies, but we can facilitate our imagination of them with the help of phenomenal of capable remembering, believing or desiring. Are phenombies utterl is conceivable? They may be harder phenombie but A zombie. experiences a of opposite diametrical the “phenombie a creature, another introduce to like would we Now can he although zombiea like would. states), qualia, of experience any languag spoken to respond lacks and understand patient the of anesthesia, “state of deep kind this a under that imaginable least be at seems It to consciousness. regains he after appears anything what under is he unconsciousness” while mouth” your “Open or left,” to “Turn right,” to “Turn like commands doctor’s the obey to him allows that lik procedures medical Certain do. perception subliminal experiencing people or patients blindsight than zombies being to closer even come humans where cases actual other are There state seems plausible to conjecture that in some severe or terminal cases the patient may totally lack any intentional they can experience visual qualia without being able to develop any thoughts or beliefs that suggest also subjects human adult normal with experiments psychological Some newborn infants. about memor or beliefs thoughts, like states intentional any harbor

We owe the term Some patients in such conditions may possess at least some some least at possess may conditions such in patients Some s, whether conscious or unconscious. or unconscious. conscious s, whether e endoscopy may require that the patient be anesthetized in such a way a such in anesthetized be patient the that require may endoscopy e

“phenombie” to “phenombie” John Bolender. — n doctor in —

perhaps total, or almost total, as opposed to merely partial merely to opposed as total, almost or total, perhaps y lacks intentional mental states like understanding, understanding, like states mental intentional lacks y Meta

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which in a sense is is sense a in which nt, a human fetus fetus human a nt, —

MetaZihin Yapay Zeka ve Zihin Felsefesi Dergisi 161

162 MetaMind Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy of Mind

4 consciousness, access consciousness, monitoring consciousness and self four famous a has Block sens any without phenombie a into turns he short, In on. so and believe think, reason, to capacity his loses memory, blank totally his of consequence a as and memory span becomes shorter his and worse, progressively gets condition his Suppose things.) certain of short very have to believed are which fish some unlike (Not tasted. or long. for hears sees, he memoryThus, his in information new any storing problem has also he but etc.), speaks, helanguage the occupation, name, his memories(includingpast his of records exception an with person a Imagine possible. nomologically still though cases previous the than realistic less be may examplesthat othersome by helpedfurther phenombiesis imaginationof plausib metaphysical or nomological give to seem reality the of exaggerations or extensions only have that cases real Like zombies, phenombies can be thought of as extensions in our imagination of certain well. as phenombiehood of touch a exhibit all we when times be may there that shows this All illustration (Block mentionsG Block qualia. those about SAYAN Erdinç phenombies to some extent and from the nomologically possible cases like our consummat above the from comes experiment thought the of component experiment thought the can of they plausibility phenombies; metaphysical or concerning empirical the to contribute to course, of not are meant, analogies and Metaphors patterns. and colors those to meaning give or upon reflect to ability any can be likened to a TV screen, which is caused to host a flux of changing colors and patterns phenombie a however, gives, Block that consciousness access without consciousness consciousness but no access consciou “phenomenal classification, his of terms in have, phenombies our that say might Block access of absence the in consciousness noi the involving example His

Metaphors can also be employed to aid our imagination of a phenombie. The mind of the extreme amnesiac at noon are younoon are at but say, might one along, all noise the of aware were You street. the up digging drill is there window, your of outside right that Suppose that you are engaged in intense conversation when suddenly at noon you realize lt t togt xeiet ivlig obe ad hnmis Our phenombies. and zombies involving experiments thought to ility

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and shorter. Eventually he loses his to ability remember entirely,

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only only 5 consciousness. t two the are we other, the on phenombies pure and hand, one the on zombies Pure phenombie. Thus, sufficient. not but a and zombie a of “mixture” minimum a least at be to is conscious consciousness,be to that conclude for necessary each are intentionality and qualia that reveal phenombies and zombies involving experiments thought Our consciousness. lack still but time, same the at phenombie a and zombie a of in appropriate ways, for otherwise itis possible to imagine creatures that are seats Furthermore, these two kinds of mental states need to be causally possess to order in that consciousness, an organism needs to us have both qualitative states and intentional states. about to seems It question qualia. experiencing same for capacity the its/his/her to answer despite either, consciousness have doesn’t Our phenombie a negative: also is qualia. phenombies experience can’t they because consciousness lack zombies that viewcommonly accepted W creatures. these to we mind, (2) and consciousness (1) attribute, to want whether ask now can we phenombies, and zombies both imagined thus Having partly is intuitive concept of consciousness. classification his hence and issues, stipulative. Our con these about precisely more talking for discipline and regulations terminological some introduce to is types consciousness accord require machines, not do and character two consciousnesskindsof found canbesome even in (Thelatter qualia. of experience in functional/intentional are which consciousness, that zombie states Block zombie, a for As phenombie. a to whatsoever consciousness any impute “self it is nor either, “monitor” never conjoined with a thought in the phenombie about its having the experi its about having in the phenombie a thought with conjoined subject the in higher order higher or thoughts beliefs, any develop or colors, sounds and has other sensations, even though it cannot make any sense of them of mind would impute some kind of mind to a phenombie, which can perceive different c ordinary our that us to seems It minds. have both they that be will answer our As for the second question, the question whether zombies and phenombies have minds,

The conceptual, metaphysical and even nomological possibility of a phenombie seems to support the higher - thought theory of consciousness: a phenombie has first has phenombie a consciousness: of theory thought

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MetaZihin Yapay Zeka ve Zihin Felsefesi Dergisi 163

164 MetaMind Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy of Mind

R Kirk, R Kirk, N Block, References forhaving consciousness. illustrates that having a mind is not sufficient for consciousness, although it phenombies is and necessary zombies of discussion our Thus, consciousness. has also mind a has that being every not but mind, a has being conscious Every former. the of modality a one with conflated sometimes are a which mind, of concept the and consciousness of concept the concepts, two our that shows This mind. a possessing as regarded be should many” in context) this as counts “sufficiently (whatever states many intentional real a being to close comes zombie, who cannot be devoid of a mind, earlier, intuitively speaking. A zombie that mentioned has suffici we that anesthesia under patient A view. our in mind, a attributed be also should zombie a states, intentional SAYAN Erdinç nother, nother, are distinct: “mind” is a broader concept than “consciousness https://plato.stan Philosophy Debates ( Güzeldere G. and Flanagan . .

(2015).“Zombies.” (2005). .

(1997). “On a Confusion about a Function of Consciousness.”In of Function a aboutConfusion a “On (1997).

( & pp Zombies and Consciousness and Zombies

Tevfik AYTEKİN Tevfik (Summer2015 . 375 - 415). Cambridge, MA:Cambridge, TheMIT Press. 415). ford.edu/archives/sum2015/entries/zombies/ Meta

InEdward N. Zalta Mind

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yaratımımız olan ve “fenombi” adını verdiğimiz başka bir hayalî varlığın varlığın hayalî zihin. bilinç, halleri, bir başka Kelimeler: Anahtar verdiğimiz adını “fenombi” yararlanıyoruz da yardımından ve olan yaratımımız zihnin ve bilinç sıradan ve nosyonlarımızı umumi kavramına zombi burada sıkça Biz olarak çıkar. amaçlı çıkma karşımıza karşı onlara veya destekleme teorileri bazı ilgili hallerle Öz:

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zombi, fenombi, körgörü, yönelimsel zihin halleri, nitel nitel halleri, zihin yönelimsel körgörü, fenombi, zombi, Zihin

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Zombies and Phenombies and Zombies zihin zihin

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SAYAN Erdinç

&

Tevfik AYTEKİN Tevfik Meta Th is Mind

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