Filogeografia E Sistemática Molecular De Schizolobium Parahyba (Vell.) Blake (Guapuruvu) Através Do Sequenciamento De Regiões Cloroplásticas E Nucleares

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Filogeografia E Sistemática Molecular De Schizolobium Parahyba (Vell.) Blake (Guapuruvu) Através Do Sequenciamento De Regiões Cloroplásticas E Nucleares Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Filogeografia e Sistemática Molecular de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake (Guapuruvu) através do sequenciamento de regiões cloroplásticas e nucleares Andreia Carina Turchetto Zolet Orientador: Dr. Rogério Margis Co-Orientadora: Dra. Márcia Margis-Pinheiro Tese de doutorado Porto Alegre 2009 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de Biociências Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Filogeografia e Sistemática Molecular de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake (Guapuruvu) através do sequenciamento de regiões cloroplásticas e nucleares. Andreia Carine Turchetto Zolet Orientador: Dr. Rogério Margis Co-Orientadora: Dra. Márcia Margis-Pinheiro Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da UFRGS como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências. Porto Alegre Agosto de 2009 Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Genomas e Populações de Plantas do Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e também é parte do projeto SEEDSOURCE, subvencionado por: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e European Commission Sixth Framework Programme (EU-FP6). Agradecimentos Inicio agradecendo a todas as pessoas e instituições que tornaram possível o desenvolvimento deste trabalho que, de alguma maneira, me auxiliaram para o desenvolvimento do mesmo. Ao meu orientador Rogério Margis por ter me aceito em seu laboratório e acreditado no meu trabalho. Pela sua excelente orientação e por ser um exemplo de orientador, professor e pesquisador. Por jamais ter deixado faltar qualquer coisa necessária para o trabalho e pelo acompanhamento diário no desenvolvimento do mesmo, inclusive nas coletas. À minha co-orientadora Marcia Márgis-Pinheiro pela sua dedicação, carinho, pela força, apoio e pelos seus ensinamentos. Por acompanhar de perto o trabalho, ler os artigos e também pela ajuda nas coletas. Aos professores do Departamento de Genética e do Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, ministrantes das disciplinas cursadas durante o doutorado que contribuíram para a minha formação. À Fernanda Cruz por ter sido a minha melhor estagiária. Pela dedicação ao trabalho e pelos excelentes PCRs e géis que fez durante sua estada no laboratório. Muitos dos resultados obtidos são graças á sua fiel ajuda. Aos meus colegas e amigos do laboratório de Genomas e Populações de Plantas: Fernanda, Claúdia, Franceli, Cintia, Guilherme Loss, Guilherme Cordenonsi, Júlio Cesar, Matheus, Felipe pela amizade, carinho e pelas grandes discussões científicas, filosóficas e muitos outros assuntos que tornaram nossos dias de trabalhos 4 muito melhores. Pelas colaborações quando precisei de ajuda para guardar um PCR, tirar foto de gel, etc. Em especial à Franceli, Claudia (Júlia), Fernanda e Cintia, meninas tão especiais que conheci há pouco tempo, mas que já estão no meu coração como verdadeiras irmãs. Pelo carinho que me dedicam e pela ajuda sempre que eu preciso. Valeu amigonas! Aos amigos e vizinhos do Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Vegetal, dos professores Giancarlo Pascuali e Jeverson Frazon, pela amizade, parceria e pelos vários momentos em que precisei alguma coisa emprestada e todos sempre foram muito gentis e solidários. A todos os amigos e colegas do Núcleo de Genômica Funcional de Plantas, pela amizade e pelas trocas de conhecimentos durante todo esse tempo. Agradeço com muito carinho ao Elmo e à Elen, pela dedicação e eficiência com que fazem seu trabalho. Pela recepção sempre cordial e pronta para ajudar. Ao Fabiano Salgueiro, pela ajuda nas coletas e pelas discussões sobre o trabalho. Ao Giovanni G. Vendramin por ter me recebido em seu laboratório e pelas correções de um dos artigos. Ao Marcelo Simon pela grande ajuda na realização de algumas análises e também pelas correções de um dos artigos. Aos pesquisadores Maristerra Lemes, Rogério Gribel, Carlos Navarro, Renato Valencia e Poliane Alfenas pelas coletas e envio de amostras. À minha grande amiga Fernanda Sperb, uma pessoa muito especial e querida, que considero uma irmã, pela sua amizade e carinho. Pelos nossos cafés de final 5 de tarde, pelos bate-papos que me ajudaram a discontrair e com certeza me fez muito mais feliz. Obrigada amiga! À minha querida irmã Caroline pelo seu amor e carinho, pelo apoio em todas as horas e pela grande ajuda na realização de algumas análises, pelas discussões sobre o trabalho...enfim, obrigada maninha! Aos meus pais Vera e Alcides por terem me ensinado os grandes valores da vida, pelo amor, carinho e compreensão, que mesmo estando distantes, sempre estiveram presentes em todos os momentos. Obrigada meus amores! Ao meu marido Renato por todo o amor que me fez ter forças sufuciente para enfrentar qualquer obstáculo. Pelo apoio, incentivo e confiança que sempre me dedicou. Pelo apoio técnico em informática e pelo apoio moral nas horas difíceis. Meu amor, você é incrível! Obrigada por ser essa pessoa maravilhosa e que me faz acreditar mais em mim mesma. Te Amo! 6 Sumário RESUMO .............................................................................................................................. 8 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... 10 CAPÍTULO I: INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ........................................................................ 12 FAMÍLIA FABACEAE .......................................................................................................... 13 GÊNERO SCHIZOLOBIUM.................................................................................................... 14 FLORESTAS NEOTROPICAIS ............................................................................................... 21 ESTUDO DE GENES RELACIONADOS AO ESTRESSE HÍDRICO EM PLANTAS ........................... 23 ESTUDOS FILOGEOGRÁFICOS ............................................................................................ 25 SISTEMÁTICA MOLECULAR............................................................................................... 26 MARCADORES MOLECULARES.......................................................................................... 27 OBJETIVO GERAL.............................................................................................................. 29 CAPÍTULO II: THE EVOLUTION OF PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE IN PLANTS: A KEY ENZYME IN PROLINE SYNTHESIS ................ 30 CAPÍTULO III: MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF NEOTROPICAL TREE SCHIZOLOBIUM (FABACEAE- CAESALPINIOIDEAE) INFERRED FROM NUCLEAR AND CHLOROPLAST DNA SEQUENCES. .......................................................................................................... 42 CAPÍTULO IV: PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE DISJUNCT NEOTROPICAL TREES SCHIZOLOBIUM (CAESALPINIOIDEAE) SUGGESTS PAST INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN AMAZONIAN AND ATLANTIC FORESTS 81 CAPÍTULO V: CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS .............................................................. 115 ESTUDO DE GENES RELACIONADOS AO ESTRESSE HÍDRICO PARA ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS.... 117 ESTUDO DE SISTEMÁTICA MOLECULAR, BIOGEOGRAFIA E FILOGEOGRAFIA ................... 120 CAPÍTULO VI: REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS DOS CAPÍTULOS I E V .. 125 ANEXO I .......................................................................................................................... 137 7 Resumo A Floresta Atlântica e a Floresta Amazônica estão entre as maiores e mais diversas florestas tropicais do mundo, com muitas de suas espécies apresentando distribuição disjunta. O estudo genético molecular dessas espécies é interessante, pois podem fornecer informações sobre o relacionamento histórico entre essas diferentes regiões geográficas. Entretanto, ainda poucos são os estudos sobre a distribuição da estrutura genética nestas áreas, principalmente para espécies vegetais. O estudo da diversidade genética em espécies arbóreas é de grande importância para a manutenção das fontes de germoplasma a serem usados em práticas de reflorestamento e para espécies com uma ampla distribuição geográfica que ocupam diferentes habitats que são componentes chaves na composição de diversos ecossistemas. O gênero Schizolobium (Caesapinioideae) apresenta ampla distribuição nos Neotrópicos e devido ao seu rápido crescimento é amplamente utilizado em programas de reflorestamento, além de apresentar importância econômica pela utilização da madeira. O presente estudo apresenta a primeira análise genética molecular do gênero Schizolobium, incluindo uma ampla amostragem de populações ao longo de sua distribuição geográfica. Um conjunto de 11 marcadores moleculares (cpDNA e ITS) foram usados para investigar a evolução, posição sistemática, estimar o tempo de divergência entre as duas variedades, verificar um possível evento de especiação, estudar os padrões biogeográficos entre as florestas Atlântica e Amazônica, além de investigar a estrutura filogeográfica em Schizolobium. Marcadores não-neutros também foram estudados na tentativa de serem usados para investigar a variação adaptativa relacionada ao estresse hídrico. Sequências parciais dos genes P5CS de quatro espécies arbóreas (Schizolobium parahyba, Ceiba pentandra, Bombacopsis quinata e Cedrela Odorata) foram clonadas, seqüenciadas e comparadas com sequências de outras espécies. A análise filogenética indicou que eventos de duplicação ocorreram várias vezes e em diferentes frequências ao longo da evolução das
Recommended publications
  • Phytotaxa, Zamia Incognita (Zamiaceae): the Exciting Discovery of a New Gymnosperm
    Phytotaxa 2: 29–34 (2009) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2009 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Zamia incognita (Zamiaceae): the exciting discovery of a new gymnosperm from Colombia ANDERS J. LINDSTRÖM1 & ÁLVARO IDÁRRAGA2 1Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, 34/1 Sukhumvit Highway, Najomtien, Sattahip, Chonburi 20250 Thailand 2Universidad de Antioquia, Herbario Universidad de Antioquia (HUA), Medellín, Colombia Abstract Colombia is home to the majority of known South American species of Zamia (Zamiaceae). Although Zamia is now the only recognised genus of extant Cycadales in South America, it shows some complex ecological adaptations that have resulted in several evolutionarily divergent sections within the genus. The recent publication of Flora de Colombia listed 16 species, of which seven are endemic and five were newly described in the very same treatment. Although this treatment was current at the time of publication, recent collections and additional material of little-known species have made an update and further clarification necessary. A new species, Zamia incognita is described here and its relationships are discussed. Key words: Colombia, cycads, gymnosperms, Zamia Introduction The classification of Zamia Linnaeus (1763: 1659), a genus of about 57 species of mainly South and Central American cycads, is still incomplete with new species still to be discovered and described. The relationships are not very well-studied and there are few classifications at the subgeneric level (Schuster, 1932). Most species have been described individually by various authors and not as part of a larger taxonomic treatment or revision. Because of the inaccessibility of many habitats, there are very few specimens of South American species.
    [Show full text]
  • Botryosphaeriaceae Associated with Die-Back of Schizolobium Parahyba Trees In
    Botryosphaeriaceae associated with die-back of Schizolobium parahyba trees in South Africa and Ecuador J. W. M. Mehl1,3, B. Slippers2, J. Roux1 and M. J. Wingfield1 1Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028 2Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028 3E-mail: [email protected] (for correspondence) Summary Die-back of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum is a serious problem in plantations of these trees in Ecuador. Similar symptoms have also been observed on trees of this species in various parts of South Africa. The most common fungi isolated from disease symptoms on S. parahyba var. amazonicum in both locations were species of the Botryosphaeriaceae. The aim of this study was to identify these fungi from both Ecuador and South Africa, and to test their pathogenicity in greenhouse and field trials. Isolates obtained were grouped based on culture morphology and identified using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and Translation Elongation Factor 1α (TEF-1α) gene regions. The β-tubulin-2 (BT2) locus was also sequenced for some isolates where identification was difficult. Three greenhouse trials were conducted in South Africa along with a field trial in Ecuador. Neofusicoccum parvum was obtained from trees in both areas and was the dominant taxon in South Africa. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the dominant taxon in Ecuador, probably due to the subtropical climate in the area. Isolates of N. vitifusiforme (from South Africa only), N.
    [Show full text]
  • Livro-Inpp.Pdf
    GOVERNMENT OF BRAZIL President of Republic Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia Minister for Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications Gilberto Kassab MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI Director Nilson Gabas Júnior Research and Postgraduate Coordinator Ana Vilacy Moreira Galucio Communication and Extension Coordinator Maria Emilia Cruz Sales Coordinator of the National Research Institute of the Pantanal Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo EDITORIAL BOARD Adriano Costa Quaresma (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia) Carlos Ernesto G.Reynaud Schaefer (Universidade Federal de Viçosa) Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso) Gilvan Ferreira da Silva (Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental) Spartaco Astolfi Filho (Universidade Federal do Amazonas) Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho (Universidade Federal do Oeste Paraense) Wolfgang Johannes Junk (Max Planck Institutes) Coleção Adolpho Ducke Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Natural resources in wetlands: from Pantanal to Amazonia Marcos Antônio Soares Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim Editors Belém 2017 Editorial Project Iraneide Silva Editorial Production Iraneide Silva Angela Botelho Graphic Design and Electronic Publishing Andréa Pinheiro Photos Marcos Antônio Soares Review Iraneide Silva Marcos Antônio Soares Mário Augusto G.Jardim Print Graphic Santa Marta Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Natural resources in wetlands: from Pantanal to Amazonia / Marcos Antonio Soares, Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim. organizers. Belém : MPEG, 2017. 288 p.: il. (Coleção Adolpho Ducke) ISBN 978-85-61377-93-9 1. Natural resources – Brazil - Pantanal. 2. Amazonia. I. Soares, Marcos Antonio. II. Jardim, Mário Augusto Gonçalves. CDD 333.72098115 © Copyright por/by Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 2017. Todos os direitos reservados. A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, constitui violação dos direitos autorais (Lei nº 9.610).
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Composition and Edge-Induced Homogenization in Tree Communities in the Fragmented Atlantic Rainforest of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
    Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol. 9 (2): 852-876, 2016 Research Article Floristic composition and edge-induced homogenization in tree communities in the fragmented Atlantic rainforest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Oliver Thier1* and Jens Wesenberg2 1 University of Leipzig, Institute for Biology I, Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. 2 Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Botany Department, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany. * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract This study investigates the changes of tree species composition and diversity along the gradient from fragment edge to interior, and between edge and interior habitats, on a regional scale, in nine Atlantic forest fragments (6–120 ha), in southeastern Brazil. A total of 1980 trees (dbh ≥ 5 cm) comprising 252 species, 156 genera and 57 families were surveyed using the point-centered quarter method. From the fragment edge towards the interior the proportion of shade-tolerant trees increased continuously. The majority of all trees within the first 100 m from the edge belonged to the pioneer-guild. Floristic dissimilarity was found to be higher among interior habitats of different fragments than among the corresponding edge areas or among different small fragments. Species diversity increased along the edge-interior gradient 1.5 times within the first 250 m. Our results support previous findings that the establishment of edge-affected habitats leads to tree species impoverishment and homogenization via the dominance and proliferation of pioneer species in the forest edges of severely fragmented tropical landscapes. We argue that conservation strategies which include the creation of buffer zones between forest edges and the matrix will be more efficient than the establishment of narrow corridors to connect fragments and protected areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Floral Preferences and Climate Influence in Nectar and Pollen
    November - December 2010 879 ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Floral Preferences and Climate Infl uence in Nectar and Pollen Foraging by Melipona rufi ventris Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil ADRIANA DE O FIDALGO1, ASTRID DE M P KLEINERT2 1Seção de Sementes e Melhoramento Vegetal, Instituto de Botânica, Av Miguel Estéfano, 3687, 04301-012 São Paulo, SP, Brasil; aofi [email protected] 2Lab de Abelhas, Depto de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Univ de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, tr. 14, 321, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brasil; [email protected] Edited by Kleber Del Claro – UFU Neotropical Entomology 39(6):879-884 (2010) ABSTRACT - We describe the environment effects on the amount and quality of resources collected by Melipona rufi ventris Lepeletier in the Atlantic Forest at Ubatuba city, São Paulo state, Brazil (44o 48’W, 23o 22’S). Bees carrying pollen and/or nectar were captured at nest entrances during 5 min every hour, from sunrise to sunset, once a month. Pollen loads were counted and saved for acetolysis. Nectar was collected, the volume was determined and the total dissolved solids were determined by refractometer. Air temperature, relative humidity and light intensity were also registered. The number of pollen loads reached its maximum value between 70% and 90% of relative humidity and 18 oC and 23oC; for nectar loads this range was broader, 50-90% and 20-30ºC. The number of pollen loads increased as relative humidity rose (rs = 0.401; P < 0.01) and high temperatures had a strong negative infl uence on the number of pollen loads collected (rs = -0.228; P < 0.01).
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Floral Sources to Tetragonisca Angustula
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Almeida Braga, Juliana; Oliveira Sales, Érika; Soares Neto, João; Menezes Conde, Marilena; Barth, Ortrud Monika; Lorenzon, Maria Cristina Floral sources to Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and their pollen morphology in a Southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 60, núm. 4, diciembre, 2012, pp. 1491-1501 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44925088039 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Floral sources to Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and their pollen morphology in a Southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest Juliana Almeida Braga1, Érika Oliveira Sales2, João Soares Neto1, Marilena Menezes Conde3, Ortrud Monika Barth4 & Maria Cristina Lorenzon1 1. Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, CEP 24800-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2. Laboratório de Palinologia, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; [email protected] 3. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 07, CEP 24800-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil; [email protected] 4. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Departamento de Virologia, Av. Brasil, 4365, CEP 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; [email protected] Received 31-VIII-2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodic Activity Report ______
    SEEDSOURCE – 003708 – Second Periodic Activity Report ___________________________________________________________________________________________ SEEDSOURCE ‘Developing best practice for seed sourcing of planted and natural regeneration in the neotropics’ SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME Call identifier: FP6-2002-INCO-DEV-1 PRIORITY A.2.1. Managing humid and semi-humid ecosystems SPECIFIC TARGETED RESEARCH PROJECT Second Reporting Period Periodic Activity Report 01/05/06 – 30/04/2007 Proposal/Contract no.: 003708 Project coordinator: Stephen Cavers Coordinating Institution: CEH Project start date: 01/05/2006 Duration: 4 years 1 SEEDSOURCE – 003708 – Second Periodic Activity Report ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Executive Summary - project description The aim of SEEDSOURCE is to provide best practice policies for sourcing tree germplasm for use within a range of degraded landscapes to ensure the use of best adapted material, that maximises production, without eroding genetic and ecosystem diversity and long term adaptive potential. Supply of appropriate germplasm is a critical factor for reforestation programmes. Use of inappropriately sourced material (due to lack of knowledge or availability) can lead to ecological and/or commercial failures, as trees die or fail to meet the particular objectives of a reforestation or restoration project. With recent interest in the conservation and restoration of native habitat, there is a growing trend towards planting trees with wider objectives than simply maximising production. Germplasm selection for production forestry is generally based on growth, form and quality criteria. In contrast, planting for ecological restoration requires an emphasis on different traits such as reproductive vigour, seed and seedling survival, and ability to compete with other species. Considerations of sustainability, ecological restoration and conservation of biodiversity also lead to promotion of ‘local’ seed sources for planting.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Absorption and Dormancy-Breaking Requirements of Physically Dormant Seeds of Schizolobium Parahyba (Fabaceae – Caesalpinioideae)
    Seed Science Research, page 1 of 8 doi:10.1017/S0960258512000013 q Cambridge University Press 2012 Water absorption and dormancy-breaking requirements of physically dormant seeds of Schizolobium parahyba (Fabaceae – Caesalpinioideae) Thaysi Ventura de Souza, Caroline Heinig Voltolini, Marisa Santos and Maria Terezinha Silveira Paulilo* Departamento de Botaˆnica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Floriano´polis 88040-900, Brazil (Received 14 July 2011; accepted after revision 18 January 2012) Abstract seeds have been a source of controversy (Fenner and Thompson, 2005; Finch-Savage and Leubner-Metzger, Physical dormancy refers to seeds that are water 2006). A definition of dormancy that has been impermeable. Within the Fabaceae, the structure proposed recently is that dormancy is an innate seed associated with the breaking of dormancy is usually property determined by genetics that defines the the lens. This study verified the role of the lens in environmental conditions in which the seed is able to physical dormancy of seeds of Schizolobium para- germinate (Finch-Savage and Leubner-Metzger, 2006). hyba, a gap species of Fabaceae from the Atlantic Five classes of seed dormancy are recognized, and one Forest of Brazil. The lens in S. parahyba seeds of them is physical dormancy (Baskin and Baskin, appeared as a subtle depression near the hilum and 2004), which is caused by a seed (or fruit) coat that opposite the micropyle. After treatment of the seeds prevents absorption of water (Morrison et al., 1998; with hot water, the lens detached from the coat. Baskin and Baskin, 2001; Smith et al., 2002). Blocking water from contacting the lens inhibited water Physical dormancy is known to occur in 17 families absorption in hot-water-treated seeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical, Botanical and Pharmacological Aspects of the Leguminosae
    Pharmacogn Rev. 2020;14(28):106-120 A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Review Article www.phcogrev.com | www.phcog.net Chemical, Botanical and Pharmacological Aspects of the Leguminosae Jaisielle Kelem França Benjamim, Karen Albuquerque Dias da Costa, Alberdan Silva Santos* ABSTRACT Leguminosae or Fabaceae belongs to the Fabales order and comprises about 727 genera and 19.327 species. It is the largest family on Brazilian soil. Its biodiversity is present in practically the entire vegetal composition, showing its ecological importance in different ecosystems. It is subdivided into six subfamilies (Caesalpinioideae, Dialioideae, Detarioideae, Cercidoideae, Duparquetia idea and Papilionoideae). It has applications in different areas such as food, reforestation, wood industry, ornamentals, forages and herbal medicine. The secondary metabolites of this family are quite diverse, including the class of flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, coumarins, saponins, phytosteroids and terpenoids, making it the second-largest family to be used with therapeutic resources in the world. Studies reveal important bioactive properties related to species, such as: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmania, healing, cardioprotective, hypoglycemic, myorelaxant, antiulcerogenic, serine proteinase inhibition, chemoprotective and anti-wrinkles. In this context, this work aims to present a review on the Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P. Queiroz, Inga edulis Mart, Bauhinia purpurea L. Hymenaea courbaril L, Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby, Parkia multijuga Benth, Parkianitida Jaisielle Kelem França Miq., Pterodon emarginatus Vogel and Phanera splendens (Kunth) Vaz species belonging Benjamim, Karen to Leguminosae, approaching its botanical aspects, its occurrence and uses, as well as its Albuquerque Dias da chemodiversity and the associated biological activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Plantations of 64 Tree Species Native to Panama and the Neotropics
    GUIDE TO EARLY GROWTH AND SURVIVAL IN PLANTATIONS OF 64 TREE SPECIES NATIVE TO PANAMA AND THE NEOTROPICS JEFFERSON S. HALL MARK S. ASHTON GUIDE TO EARLY GROWTH AND SURVIVAL IN PLANTATIONS OF 64 TREE SPECIES NATIVE TO PANAMA AND THE NEOTROPICS Jefferson s. Hall Mark s. asHton 2016 COPYRIGHT AND CREDITS © 2016 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Published by Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute 401 Avenida Roosevelt Balboa, Panama, Republic of Panama PHOTOGRAPHS Andrés Hernández (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) Jacob Slusser (Environmental Leadership and Training Program) Dylan Craven (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and STRI) Florencia Montagnini (Yale University) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute archives FOREST COVER MAP Milton Solano (GIS Analyst, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) ARTWORK ON COVER AND IN GUIDE Blanca Martínez GRAPHIC DESIGN Blanca Martínez EDITOR Geetha Iyer ISBN 978-9962-614-37-1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 6 Preface 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Overview 12 Regional or Broad Biogeographic Patterns 13 Physical Conditions and Ecological Aspects of Site 16 The Importance of Mimicking Natural Processes 19 Design and Spacing Considerations 21 Species Data Presented in this Guide 26 How to Read the Graphs in this Guide 28 CHAPTER 2 Species Performance Across a Rainfall-Soil Fertility Matrix 33 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME IN PANAMA 1 Albizia adinocephala Frijolillo, guábilo 34 2 Albizia guachapele Guayapalí, guábilo, frijolillo 36 3 Albizia saman Guachapalí, cenízaro 38 4 Anacardium
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Choice of the Priority Family List of Invasive Alien Species and Threatened Species
    University of Abomey-Calavi Faculty of Agricultural Sciences REPORT ON THE CHOICE OF THE PRIORITY FAMILY LISTS OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THREATENED SPECIES PLANTS OF BENIN September 2016 Introduction In the framework of the Regional project funded by European Union (EU) through the program of Biodiversity Information for Development (BID), managed by the Secretariat of the Global Biodiversity information Facility (GBIFS) to address priorities of the consortium countries (Senegal, Guinea, Côte-d’Ivoire, Mali, Niger, DRC, Madagascar, and Benin) on data mobilization to advance knowledge on the distribution and modeling of invasive alien species and threatened species to inform decision in the countries involved in the consortium, we recommended that at each consortium country level, the lists of priority families belonging to both categories be establish consensually with in-country partners. The methods used and results obtained are presented below. Methods Case of Benin During the national workshop of 14th June 2016, we first asked partners of the project working in biodiversity conservation field (researchers, academics, NGO members, conservators…) to provide lists of species of invasive alien species and threatened species separately. Second, for each category of species, the provided lists were combined to select the ten priority families. Case of DRC The lists of each category of species were compiled during a national workshop held at the Herbarium INERA of the University of Kinshasa (IUK), from 26 to 27 July 2016. During that workshop, experts from several local institutions, holders of alien invasive and endangered plants data, met and achieved the priority families list of each category species.
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Schizolobium Parahyba SCORE:7.0 RATING:High Risk
    TAXON: Schizolobium parahyba SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Schizolobium parahyba Family: Fabaceae Common Name(s): Brazilian firetree Synonym(s): Cassia parahyba Vell. guapiruvu Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke parica Schizolobium excelsum Vogel Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 20 Nov 2015 WRA Score: 7.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Invasive, Light-Demanding, Wind-Dispersed, Coppices Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns
    [Show full text]