DOCSLIB.ORG

Biblical Chronology of the Machabees   

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biblical Chronology of the Machabees    Biblical Chronology of the Machabees R. J. M. I. By The Precious Blood of Jesus Christ, The Grace of the God of the Holy Catholic Church, The Mediation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Our Lady of Good Counsel and Crusher of Heretics, The Protection of Saint Joseph, Patriarch of the Holy Family, The Intercession of Saint Michael the Archangel and the cooperation of Richard Joseph Michael Ibranyi To Jesus through Mary Júdica me, Deus, et discérne causam meam de gente non sancta: ab hómine iníquo, et dolóso érue me Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam 2 ―There came a certain Jew in the sight of all to sacrifice to the idols upon the altar in the city of Modin, according to the king‘s commandment. And Mathathias saw and was grieved, and his reins trembled, and his wrath was kindled according to the judgment of the law, and running upon him he slew him upon the altar. Moreover, the man whom king Antiochus had sent, who compelled them to sacrifice, he slew at the same time and pulled down the altar and shewed zeal for the law, as Phinees did by Zamri the son of Salomi. And Mathathias cried out in the city with a loud voice, saying: Every one that hath zeal for the law and maintaineth the testament, let him follow me.‖ (1 Machabees 2:23-27) Original version: 4/2011; Current version: 4/2011 Mary’s Little Remnant 302 East Joffre St. TorC, NM 87901-2878 Website: www.JohnTheBaptist.us (Send for a free catalog) 3 4 CHARTS AND TABLES Table: Seleucid Rulers ................................................................................................................................ 12 Chart: Comparison of Hebrew Sacred, Hebrew Civil, and Gregorian Years ............................................... 15 Table: Macedonian, Hebrew, and Gregorian Months ............................................................................... 15 Table: Machabean Rulers Mentioned in the Bible ..................................................................................... 18 Chart: All of the Machabean Rulers ........................................................................................................... 19 Table: Biblical Chronology of the Books of Machabees ............................................................................. 84 5 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................................................11 GENERAL NOTES..........................................................................................................................................11 Biblical account of the Machabees is the only infallible source .............................................................. 11 Josephus and Eusebius were off by several years regarding death of Judas Machabeus .................................. 11 The Seleucid Era ...................................................................................................................................... 11 The Seleucid Era began in October 312 BC when Seleucus I Nicator won the Battle of Gaza and ruled over Babylon .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 The Seleucid Line ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Table: Seleucid Rulers ................................................................................................................................ 12 How to calculate the BC years for the Seleucid Era ............................................................................................ 12 The First Book of Machabees dates the Seleucid Era by the Hebrew sacred calendar ...................................... 12 (1 SE – Nisan 1, 311 BC) Post-dating method with Nisan 1 as the New Year ............................................... 12 The Second Book of Machabees dates the Seleucid Era by the Hebrew civil calendar ...................................... 13 (1 SE – Tishri 1, 311 BC) Post-dating method with Hyperberetaios 1 (Tishri 1) as the New Year................. 13 Apparent contradiction when two dates for same event conflict ...................................................................... 13 The First Event (149 SE-n/148 SE-t) – The death of Antiochus Epiphanes ................................................... 14 Chart: Comparison of Hebrew Sacred, Hebrew Civil, and Gregorian Years ............................................... 15 Table: Macedonian, Hebrew, and Gregorian Months ............................................................................... 15 The Second Event (150 SE-n/149 SE-t) – Judas besieges castle; Eupator prepares for war ......................... 16 The Third Event (151 SE-n/150 SE-t) – Demetrius makes Alcimus high priest ............................................. 17 The Fourth Event (170 SE-n/169 SE-t) – Simon makes pact with Demetrius II ............................................ 17 Machabean or Asmonean Era ................................................................................................................ 18 Table: Machabean Rulers Mentioned in the Bible ..................................................................................... 18 Chart: All of the Machabean Rulers ........................................................................................................... 19 Beginning of Herod the Great’s reign and the end of Machabean Line ............................................................. 19 rd Epiphanius of Salamis places the 33 year of Herod in 2 BC ....................................................................... 21 Lysias’ second battle and loss against Judas is recorded in 2 Machabees 11 but not in 1 Machabees .. 22 Machabees’ Bible verses that are out of chronological order ................................................................ 23 (2 Mac. 10:10-38) follows (2 Mac. 11) and goes with (2 Mac. 12) ..................................................................... 23 (2 Mac. 9) follows (2 Mac. 10:1-8) and (1 Mac. 5) follows (1 Mac. 6) ................................................................ 23 Judas rededicates the Temple and Antiochus Epiphanes dies about three months later ........................... 23 BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE MACHABEES ..........................................................................................24 Pre-Machabean period ........................................................................................................................... 24 (2 Mac. 2:1-7) Jeremias hides the sacred fire and the Ark ................................................................................. 24 (2 Mac. 1:18-36) Nehemias finds the sacred fire ............................................................................................... 24 (2 Mac. 3) The holy High Priest Onias confronts Heliodorus sent by King Seleucus ........................................... 25 (2 Mac. 4:1-6) Onias goes to King Seleucus IV Philopator to counteract Simon the betrayer ............................ 26 (1 Mac. 1:11) (2 Mac. 4:7) K/SE - Seleucus dies and Antiochus IV Epiphanes comes to power in 137 SE-n [175- 174 BC] ............................................................................................................................................................... 27 (2 Mac. 4:7, 10) Antiochus IV Epiphanes gives high priesthood to Jason, brother of Onias .............................. 27 (1 Mac. 1:12-16) (2 Mac. 4:7-16) Antiochus Epiphanes allows Jason to bring in heathen ways among the Jews in 173 BC ............................................................................................................................................................ 27 (2 Mac. 4:23-28) Y - Antiochus Epiphanes makes Menelaus high priest and Jason flees in 170 BC ................... 28 (2 Mac. 4:29) Antiochus Epiphanes makes Lysimachus high priest .................................................................... 28 (2 Mac. 4:32-35) Menelaus murders Onias ........................................................................................................ 28 (2 Mac. 4:47-50) Menelaus made high priest again ........................................................................................... 28 (1 Mac. 1:17-22) (2 Mac. 5:1-10) SE - Antiochus takes kingdom of Egypt in 143 SE-n [169-168 BC], ominous signs in Jerusalem, and Jason is killed ................................................................................................................ 29 (1 Mac. 1:22-29) (2 Mac. 5:11-23) Antiochus Epiphanes takes Jerusalem, slaughters Jews, and robs the Temple on way home from Egypt ................................................................................................................................... 29 (1 Mac. 1:30-67) (2 Mac. 6:1-8) SE/Y - Antiochus Epiphanes orders slaughter of Jews; desecration of the Temple on Casleu 25, 145 SE-n in December 167 BC; and the outlawing of Judaism ........................................ 30 (2 Mac. 6:9-31; 7:1-42) Persecution and martyrdom of good Jews ................................................................... 32 7 Women who circumcised infants were murdered ....................................................................................... 32 The holy Eleazar was tortured and killed for not eating swine flesh offered to idols .................................. 32 The mother
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
    Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Hanukah History
    A BRIEF HISTORY OF Chanukah More than a little oil – edited by Rabbi Ron Symons Alexander the Great conquered Israel in the 4 th century B.C.E. He was a benevolent ruler result of a vision he was said to have had before he began any battle. The story goes that upon entering Jerusalem, he was met by the High Priest, Shimon HaTzaddik. Before every battle, he saw his likeness in a vision. As a result, he cancelled taxes on the Jews during the Sabbatical year, offered animals in the Temple on his own behalf, and granted the Jews religious freedom. Conditions changed when Alexander died. His empire was divided among different generals. After a power struggle, Israel came under the control of the Seleucid Dynasty – Greek kings who ruled from Syria. Until this point, the major threat was spiritual annihilation resulting from Hellenization, the adaptation of Greek culture and philosophy (assimilation). Hellenization attacked the moral, ethical and religious fibre of Judaism. Many Jews resisted assimilation but many became ardent Hellenists. Under the Seleucid kings, this situation continued. With the rise of Antiochus IV both the spiritual and physical survival of the Jewish people was severely threatened. Sadly enough, Jewish Hellenists contributed towards Jewish destruction by complaining to the king that the pace of assimilation was not fast enough. Tragedy resulted. One man, named Joshua, or the Hellenized Jason, bribed the King into replacing the high priest and appointing him instead. This new “high-priest” erected a gymnasium near the Temple where the priests would go and play sports, thereby neglecting their duties.
    [Show full text]
  • 2210 Bc 2200 Bc 2190 Bc 2180 Bc 2170 Bc 2160 Bc 2150 Bc 2140 Bc 2130 Bc 2120 Bc 2110 Bc 2100 Bc 2090 Bc
    2210 BC 2200 BC 2190 BC 2180 BC 2170 BC 2160 BC 2150 BC 2140 BC 2130 BC 2120 BC 2110 BC 2100 BC 2090 BC Fertile Crescent Igigi (2) Ur-Nammu Shulgi 2192-2190BC Dudu (20) Shar-kali-sharri Shu-Turul (14) 3rd Kingdom of 2112-2095BC (17) 2094-2047BC (47) 2189-2169BC 2217-2193BC (24) 2168-2154BC Ur 2112-2004BC Kingdom Of Akkad 2234-2154BC ( ) (2) Nanijum, Imi, Elulu Imta (3) 2117-2115BC 2190-2189BC (1) Ibranum (1) 2180-2177BC Inimabakesh (5) Ibate (3) Kurum (1) 2127-2124BC 2113-2112BC Inkishu (6) Shulme (6) 2153-2148BC Iarlagab (15) 2121-2120BC Puzur-Sin (7) Iarlaganda ( )(7) Kingdom Of Gutium 2177-2171BC 2165-2159BC 2142-2127BC 2110-2103BC 2103-2096BC (7) 2096-2089BC 2180-2089BC Nikillagah (6) Elulumesh (5) Igeshaush (6) 2171-2165BC 2159-2153BC 2148-2142BC Iarlagash (3) Irarum (2) Hablum (2) 2124-2121BC 2115-2113BC 2112-2110BC ( ) (3) Cainan 2610-2150BC (460 years) 2120-2117BC Shelah 2480-2047BC (403 years) Eber 2450-2020BC (430 years) Peleg 2416-2177BC (209 years) Reu 2386-2147BC (207 years) Serug 2354-2124BC (200 years) Nahor 2324-2176BC (199 years) Terah 2295-2090BC (205 years) Abraham 2165-1990BC (175) Genesis (Moses) 1)Neferkare, 2)Neferkare Neby, Neferkamin Anu (2) 3)Djedkare Shemay, 4)Neferkare 2169-2167BC 1)Meryhathor, 2)Neferkare, 3)Wahkare Achthoes III, 4)Marykare, 5)............. (All Dates Unknown) Khendu, 5)Meryenhor, 6)Neferkamin, Kakare Ibi (4) 7)Nykare, 8)Neferkare Tereru, 2167-2163 9)Neferkahor Neferkare (2) 10TH Dynasty (90) 2130-2040BC Merenre Antyemsaf II (All Dates Unknown) 2163-2161BC 1)Meryibre Achthoes I, 2)............., 3)Neferkare, 2184-2183BC (1) 4)Meryibre Achthoes II, 5)Setut, 6)............., Menkare Nitocris Neferkauhor (1) Wadjkare Pepysonbe 7)Mery-........, 8)Shed-........, 9)............., 2183-2181BC (2) 2161-2160BC Inyotef II (-1) 2173-2169BC (4) 10)............., 11)............., 12)User......
    [Show full text]
  • 637 Appendix 4A. TIMELINE HIGH PRIESTS
    Appendix 4A. 1 TIMELINE HIGH PRIESTS JOHN HYRCANUS I TO (THEOPHILUS-) MATTHAIS -------------------------------------Rulers------------------------------------------- “Converted” 2 3 4 Year(s) “LOCALLY” SYRIA EGYPT ROME Year b.c.e. b.c.e. Resumed from Appendix 3A, VI, Attachment 1: Following the assassination of High Priest Simon Matthes: 5 134 John Hyrcanus I Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII Physcon Third Period of High Priest Antiochus VII and Cleopatra IV “The Republic” Sidetes 132 Rome’s provinces now were Sicilia, Sardinia with Corsica, Hispania Citerior, Hispania Ulterior, Gallia Cisalpina, Illyricum, Africa, Macedonia and Achaea. Antiochus VII besieged Hyrcanus I at Jerusalem for an unstated period ot time, and then withdrew after extracting 300 talents and hostages. Antiochus VII strengthened Seleucid/Syrian power by several victories over Phraates II of Parthia. Hyrcanus I made league with Cleopatra III and Antiochus VII. Hyrcanus I accompanied Antiochus VII on one Parthian expedition. 130 Antiochus VII fell in a battle at Ecbatana “about 130 b.c.” Cleopatra III 1 Unless otherwise cited, data is drawn from (a) internal, cited narratives (Appendices 4B, II, II, and III and their attachments, charts and details (of which some cross-references are included here as examples of sources), and (b) from Ency. pp. 82, 84, 91-99. Question marks indicate uncertain data. 2 Major established or strongly suggested years are given as points of reference. A number of years, routinely advanced, are not included in that they pose irreconcilables in progression (e.g. 105 b.c.e. as deposal of Ptolemy IX and restoration of Ptolemy X, it being reported “king’ Alexander I Janneus assisted, while his generally assigned date of ascendance is 103).
    [Show full text]
  • Levi References & Notes
    LEVI REFERENCES & NOTES: Ahimelech is of Ithamar’s line; Zadok is GERSHON KOHATH MERARI of Eleazar’s line (1 Chr. 24:2,3,6). Ahimelech murdered at Nob under Saul, Abiathar escapes to David (1 Sam. 22). AMRAM IZHAR HEBRON UZZIEL Abiathar unfaithful as high priest under David (defects with Adonijah); Zadok a faithful priest at time of David (1 Kings 1:5- AARON MOSES MIRIAM KORAH NEPHEG ZICHRI 8). Zadok made high priest under Solomon; fulfils prophecy of taking priesthood from NADAB ABIHU ELEAZAR ITHAMAR SONS OF KORAH house of Eli (1 Kings 2:27, 35) *Therefore Eli must have been of Ithamar’s line. At PHINEHAS some point the priesthood seems to have ELI* passed to Eli from Phinehas (and so changing family lines). PHINEHAS Line of Zadok lasted until the exile and AHITUB also the return (1 Chr. 6:8-15; cf. Ezra 3:2). ETHAN HEMAN ASAPH It continued through intertestamental AHIMELECH (JEDUTHAN) times until Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175- 164 B.C.) sold the priesthood to Menelaus, ZADOK ABIATHAR who was not of the priestly line (2 Macb 4:23-50). By the time of Christ, Roman powers often appointed High Priests for SERAIAH political reasons, and they did not serve *Eli succeeded Abishua or Uzzi for life (it was not a hereditary office). (Josephus, Antiq. viii. 1, 3; v.11, 5). EZRA** JEHOZADAK Key singers/musicians appointed to JESHUA **Ezra was the brother Jehozadak, accompany the ark being bought to JOIAKIM Post-exilic who was taken into captivity by Jerusalem under David (1 Chr. 15).
    [Show full text]
  • Josephus Writings Outline
    THE WARS OF THE JEWS OR THE HISTORY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM – BOOK I CONTAINING FROM THE TAKING OF JERUSALEM BY ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES TO THE DEATH OF HEROD THE GREAT. (THE INTERVAL OF 177 YEARS) CHAPTER 1: HOW THE CITY JERUSALEM WAS TAKEN, AND THE TEMPLE PILLAGED [BY ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES]; AS ALSO CONCERNING THE ACTIONS OF THE MACCABEES, MATTHIAS AND JUDAS; AND CONCERNING THE DEATH OF JUDAS. CHAPTER 2: CONCERNING THE SUCCESSORS OF JUDAS; WHO WERE JONATHAN AND SIMON, AND JOHN HYRCANUS? CHAPTER 3: HOW ARISTOBULUS WAS THE FIRST THAT PUT A DIADEM ABOUT HIS HEAD; AND AFTER HE HAD PUT HIS MOTHER AND BROTHER TO DEATH, DIED HIMSELF, WHEN HE HAD REIGNED NO MORE THAN A YEAR. CHAPTER 4: WHAT ACTIONS WERE DONE BY ALEXANDER JANNEUS, WHO REIGNED TWENTY- SEVEN YEARS. CHAPTER 5: ALEXANDRA REIGNS NINE YEARS, DURING WHICH TIME THE PHARISEES WERE THE REAL RULERS OF THE NATION. CHAPTER 6: WHEN HYRCANUS WHO WAS ALEXANDER'S HEIR, RECEDED FROM HIS CLAIM TO THE CROWN ARISTOBULUS IS MADE KING; AND AFTERWARD THE SAME HYRCANUS BY THE MEANS OF ANTIPATER; IS BROUGHT BACK BY ABETAS. AT LAST POMPEY IS MADE THE ARBITRATOR OF THE DISPUTE BETWEEN THE BROTHERS. CHAPTER 7: HOW POMPEY HAD THE CITY OF JERUSALEM DELIVERED UP TO HIM BUT TOOK THE TEMPLE BY FORCE. HOW HE WENT INTO THE HOLY OF HOLIES; AS ALSO WHAT WERE HIS OTHER EXPLOITS IN JUDEA. CHAPTER 8: ALEXANDER, THE SON OF ARISTOBULUS, WHO RAN AWAY FROM POMPEY, MAKES AN EXPEDITION AGAINST HYRCANUS; BUT BEING OVERCOME BY GABINIUS HE DELIVERS UP THE FORTRESSES TO HIM.
    [Show full text]
  • BIBLICAL GENEALOGIES Adam → Seth
    BIBLICAL GENEALOGIES Adam → Seth → Enosh → Kenan → Mahalalel → Jared→ Enoch → Methuselah → Lamech → Noah (70 descendants to repopulate the earth after the flood – Gen. 10: 1- 32; 1 Chr. 1: 1-27; sons, grandsons, great grandsons): 1 2 The sons of Kenaz (1 Chr. 1: 36) joined the Jews by the tribe of Judah. His descendant was Jephunneh the Kenizzite, who begot Caleb (Num. 32: 12; Josh. 14: 6; 14; 1 Chr. 4: 13-15). Amalek was the father of the Amalekites. Descendants of Jacob (Gen. 46: 26-27) who came to Egypt: • From Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron and Carmi. • From Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar and Shaul (son of a Canaanite woman). • From Levi: Gershon, Kohath and Merari. • From Judah: Er ( in Canaan), Onan ( in Canaan), Shelah, Perez and Zerah; From Perez: Hezron and Hamul. • From Issachar: Tola, Puah (or Puvah, Masoretic text), Jashub (or Iob, Masoretic text) and Shimron. • From Zebulun: Sered, Elon and Jahleel. • Dinah (they were all sons of Leah , who had died in Canaan – Gen. 49: 31); total of 33 people (including Jacob). • From Gad: Zephon (Septuagint and Samaritan Pentateuch or Ziphion in Masoretic text), Haggi, Shuni, Ezbom, Eri, Arodi and Areli • From Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah and Serah (their sister). Beriah begat Heber and Malkiel (they were all sons of Zilpah , Leah’s maidservant); total of 16 people. • From Joseph: Manasseh and Ephraim. • From Benjamin: Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard. They were all sons of Rachel , who had already died in Canaan – Gen. 35: 19), a total of 14 people.
    [Show full text]
  • Jason (High Priest)
    Jason (high priest) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_(high_priest) Jump to navigation Jump to search of the Oniad family, brother to Onias III, was a High Priest in (יאסון ,Jason (Hebrew: Yason the Temple in Jerusalem. Josephus records that his name, before he hellenised it, was [Yēshua`).[1 י ֵ ׁשו ּ ַﬠ originally Jesus (Hebrew Jason became high priest in 175 BCE after the accession of Antiochus IV Epiphanes to the throne of the Seleucid Empire. In an ongoing dispute between the current High Priest, Onias III, and Simon the Benjamite, Jason offered to pay Antiochus in order to be confirmed as the new High Priest in Jerusalem. Antiochus accepted the offer and further allowed Jason to build a gymnasium in Jerusalem and create a Greek-style Polis named after the king, Antioch.[2] With the creation of Antioch, Jason abandoned the ordinances given under Antiochus III the Great, which defined the polity of the Judeans according to the Torah. Jason's time as High Priest was brought to an abrupt end in 171 BCE when he sent Menelaus, the brother of Simon the Benjamite, to deliver money to Antiochus. Menelaus took this opportunity to "outbid" Jason for the priesthood, resulting in Antiochus confirming Menelaus as the High Priest. Jason fled Jerusalem and found refuge in the land of the Ammonites.[3] In 168 BCE Jason made a failed attempt to regain control of Jerusalem. Fleeing again to Ammon, he then continued to Egypt, then finally to Sparta, where he died and was buried [4] See also Hellenistic Judaism References Cohen, Shaye J.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Shiur Handout
    c"qa CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? 1. How many battles did the Maccabees win prior to the rededication of the Temple (Bais Hamikdash)? 2. Describe the role of the assimilated Jews in the war with the Syrians. 3. How many years had the Temple fallen into disuse before the rededication? 4. Describe the new Menorah that was used at the rededication. 5. Who was Alcimus? This and much more will be addressed in the eleventh lecture of this series: "Chanukah". To derive maximum benefit from this lecture, keep these questions in mind as you listen to the tape and read through the outline. Go back to these questions once again at the end of the lecture and see how well you answer them. PLEASE NOTE: This outline and source book was designed as a powerful tool to help you appreciate and understand the basis of Jewish History. Although the lectures can be listened to without the use of the outline, we advise you to read the outline to enhance your comprehension. Use it as well as a handy reference guide and for quick review. THE EPIC OF THE ETERNAL PEOPLE Presented by Rabbi Shmuel Irons Series I Lecture #11 CHANUKAH I. The Struggle A. When Appollonius the general of the Samaritan forces heard this he took his army, and made haste to go against Judas; who met him, and joined battle with him, and beat him, and slew many of his men, and among them Appollonius himself, their general, whose sword being that which he happened to wear, he seized upon, and kept for himself; but he wounded more than he slew, and took a great deal of prey from the enemies' camp, and went his way.
    [Show full text]
  • The Covenanters of Damascus; a Hitherto Unknown Jewish Sect by George Foot Moore
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Covenanters of Damascus; A Hitherto Unknown Jewish Sect by George Foot Moore This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Covenanters of Damascus; A Hitherto Unknown Jewish Sect Author: George Foot Moore Release Date: April 12, 2010 [Ebook 31960] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE COVENANTERS OF DAMASCUS; A HITHERTO UNKNOWN JEWISH SECT*** The Covenanters of Damascus; A Hitherto Unknown Jewish Sect George Foot Moore Harvard University Harvard Theological Review Vol. 4, No. 3 July, 1911 Contents The Covenanters Of Damascus; A Hitherto Unknown Jewish Sect . .2 Footnotes . 59 [330] The Covenanters Of Damascus; A Hitherto Unknown Jewish Sect Among the Hebrew manuscripts recovered in 1896 from the Genizah of an old synagogue at Fostat, near Cairo, and now in the Cambridge University Library, England, were found eight leaves of a Hebrew manuscript which proved to be fragments of a book containing the teaching of a peculiar Jewish sect; a single leaf of a second manuscript, in part parallel to the first, in part supplementing it, was also discovered. These texts Professor Schechter has now published, with a translation and commentary, in the first volume of his Documents of Jewish Sectaries.1 The longer and older of the manuscripts (A) is, in the opinion of the editor, probably of the tenth century; the other (B), of the eleventh or twelfth.
    [Show full text]
  • Justification and Variegated Nomism. Volume II. the Paradoxes of Paul
    Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament Herausgegeben von Jörg Frey Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie • Judith Gundry-Volf Martin Hengel • Otfried Hofius • Hans-Josef Klauck 181 Justification and Variegated Nomism Volume II The Paradoxes of Paul edited by D. A. Carson, Peter T. O'Brien, and Mark A. Seifrid Mohr Siebeck • Tübingen Baker Academic • Grand Rapids Distributors For the United States and Canada for Europe Baker Academic Mohr Siebeck P.O. Box 6287 Wilhelmstrasse 18, Postfach 2040 Grand Rapids, Michigan 49516-6287 72010 Tübingen USA Germany All other countries are served by both publishers. ISBN 3-16-148400-2 ISSN 0512-1604 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament) Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. ISBN 0-8010-2741-1 © 2004 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. @ Printed in Germany on non-aging paper. ISSN 0340-9570 Preface This is the second and final volume of Justification and Variegated Nomism. The first volume, under the subtitle The Complexities of Second Temple Judaism, was published in 2001. Together the two volumes attempt a competent evaluation of the multifaceted movement now commonly known as "the new perspective on Paul." Because much of the new perspective depends to a greater or lesser extent on the reading of the literature of Second Temple Judaism ably articulated by E.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiochus Epiphanes and the Jewish State
    ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES AND THE JEWISH STATE. By SHAILER MATHEWS, The University of Chicago. DURING the years of political change following the death of Alexander the Great a threefold development characterized the inner life of the Jews-that of "wisdom" literature, of legalism, and of the ritual and priesthood. In all of these particulars Jewish history is unique, but perhaps in none more unique than in the collection of proverbs and practical advice to be found in such writings as our canonical Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes, and such other writings as the Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach and the Wisdom of Solomon. Like the other two tendencies, this is rooted in the history of the Hebrew race, for wise sayings of very ancient origin are clearly embraced in its early literature. But during the post-exilic period, and especially after the Greek influence began to be felt, it found its most remarkable expres- sion and became a literary form. To speak of it in detail is impossible, but one cannot overlook its knowledge of the world and its cynicism, as well as its most usual characteristics, sobriety and moral earnestness.' But good advice is seldom more than a luxury, and the history of the Jews was to center about the struggles between the two other tendencies which began during these years to show themselves so clearly. Indeed, the two hundred and fifty or three hundred years preceding the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus may be said to be filled with little else than the gradual and unobserved triumph of legalism in the persons of the pharisees over ritualism, whether in the persons of the Sadducees or of the nation as a whole.
    [Show full text]