1. Different Castles the Normans Built
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Castle Designs Through History: from Simple Mounds to Strong Towers
https://www.exploring-castles.com/castle_designs/ Castle Designs Through History: From Simple Mounds to Strong Towers Castle designs have changed over history. This is because of changes in technology over time – as well as changes to the function and purpose of castles. The first castles were simply ‘mounds’ of earth, and medieval castle designs improved on these basics – adding ditches in the Motte & Bailey design. As technology advanced – and as attackers got more sophisticated – elaborate concentric castle designs emerged, creating a fortress almost impregnable to its enemies. Nowadays, castles are designed for prestige, for fantasy, and to embellish a romantic view of the life of kings, queens and nobles from years gone by. This page gives a brief overview of the history of castles, and explains why different castle designs came about. Fundamentally, these changing designs were due to the changes in the purpose and significance of castles. Early Medieval Times From Norman Times: Motte & Bailey Castles – Simple designs that were quick to build The first castles, built in the Early Middle Ages (early Medieval period), were ‘earthworks’ – mounds of earth primarily built for defence, as enemies struggled to climb them. During the 1000s, the Normans developed these into Motte and Bailey castle designs. Effectively, a ‘Motte’ was a large mound of earth, and a ‘Bailey’ was the flattened area beside the mound. The ‘Motte’ could be surrounded with a ditch, and buildings could be placed on the bailey – made of timber or, if time permitted, stone. The key benefit of Motte & Bailey castles was that they were very quick to build, but pretty difficult to attack. -
The Walls but on the Rampart Underneath and the Ditch Surrounding Them
A walk through 1,900 years of history The Bar Walls of York are the finest and most complete of any town in England. There are five main “bars” (big gateways), one postern (a small gateway) one Victorian gateway, and 45 towers. At two miles (3.4 kilometres), they are also the longest town walls in the country. Allow two hours to walk around the entire circuit. In medieval times the defence of the city relied not just on the walls but on the rampart underneath and the ditch surrounding them. The ditch, which has been filled in almost everywhere, was once 60 feet (18.3m) wide and 10 feet (3m) deep! The Walls are generally 13 feet (4m) high and 6 feet (1.8m) wide. The rampart on which they stand is up to 30 feet high (9m) and 100 feet (30m) wide and conceals the earlier defences built by Romans, Vikings and Normans. The Roman defences The Normans In AD71 the Roman 9th Legion arrived at the strategic spot where It took William The Conqueror two years to move north after his the rivers Ouse and Foss met. They quickly set about building a victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. In 1068 anti-Norman sound set of defences, as the local tribe –the Brigantes – were not sentiment in the north was gathering steam around York. very friendly. However, when William marched north to quell the potential for rebellion his advance caused such alarm that he entered the city The first defences were simple: a ditch, an embankment made of unopposed. -
Research Issues1 Wybrane Zespoły Bramne Na Śląsku
TECHNICAL TRANSACTIONS 3/2019 ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING DOI: 10.4467/2353737XCT.19.032.10206 SUBMISSION OF THE FINAL VERSION: 15/02/2019 Andrzej Legendziewicz orcid.org/0000-0002-9228-296X [email protected] Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Technology Selected city gates in Silesia – research issues1 Wybrane zespoły bramne na Śląsku – problematyka badawcza Abstract1 The conservation work performed on the city gates of some Silesian cities in recent years has offered the opportunity to undertake architectural research. The researchers’ interest was particularly aroused by towers which form the framing of entrances to old-town areas and which are also a reflection of the ambitious aspirations and changing tastes of townspeople and a result of the evolution of architectural forms. Some of the gate buildings were demolished in the 19th century as a result of city development. This article presents the results of research into selected city gates: Grobnicka Gate in Głubczyce, Górna Gate in Głuchołazy, Lewińska Gate in Grodków, Krakowska and Wrocławska Gates in Namysłów, and Dolna Gate in Prudnik. The obtained research material supported an attempt to verify the propositions published in literature concerning the evolution of military buildings in Silesia between the 14th century and the beginning of the 17th century. Relicts of objects that have not survived were identified in two cases. Keywords: Silesia, architecture, city walls, Gothic, the Renaissance Streszczenie Prace konserwatorskie prowadzone na bramach w niektórych miastach Śląska w ostatnich latach były okazją do przeprowadzenia badań architektonicznych. Zainteresowanie badaczy budziły zwłaszcza wieże, które tworzyły wejścia na obszary staromiejskie, a także były obrazem ambitnych aspiracji i zmieniających się gustów mieszczan oraz rezultatem ewolucji form architektonicznych. -
Fish Terminologies
FISH TERMINOLOGIES Monument Type Thesaurus Report Format: Hierarchical listing - class Notes: Classification of monument type records by function. -
Medieval Castle Information Booklet
Medieval Castle Information Booklet. Aim: To produce an information booklet about a medieval castle of your choice. The booklet will contain a mixture of information about the castle you have chosen and information about the general changes made to medieval castles over time. Some information will be special to your castle and sometimes it will be about castles in general – this is fine. If you follow the boxes below, it should be straightforward. Presentation: You can present your work in a variety of ways: writing, pictures, diagrams and maps – there is no right or wrong way of doing this, simply present the information in your favourite way. The work must be handed in clearly named and with the teacher and teaching group also clearly indicated. All pages need to be secured either with either staples, paper clips, spine binder or be in a soft wallet-style folder. Please, no hard backed folders. Please do not ‘cut and paste’ information from the internet. The questions have been designed in such a way that ‘cutting and pasting’ information will not answer them. You may however cut and paste pictures and diagrams. Task One: Choosing a castle to study. (Max. 35 minutes) Using the library or the internet to choose a medieval castle to study. Pick a castle that has plenty of information about it – some even feature on ‘You-Tube’. Choosing a local castle is a good idea. You could even visit it as part of your investigation. Our local suggestions are: Bodiam Castle, Canterbury Castle, Dover Castle, Rochester Castle or Tonbridge Castle. -
CSG Journal 31
Book Reviews 2016-2017 - ‘Castles, Siegeworks and Settlements’ In the LUP book, several key sites appear in various chapters, such as those on siege warfare and castles, some of which have also been discussed recently in academic journals. For example, a paper by Duncan Wright and others on Burwell in Cambridgeshire, famous for its Geoffrey de Mandeville association, has ap- peared in Landscape History for 2016, the writ- ers also being responsible for another paper, this on Cam’s Hill, near Malmesbury, Wilt- shire, that appeared in that county’s archaeolog- ical journal for 2015. Burwell and Cam’s Hill are but two of twelve sites that were targeted as part of the Lever- hulme project. The other sites are: Castle Carl- ton (Lincolnshire); ‘The Rings’, below Corfe (Dorset); Crowmarsh by Wallingford (Oxford- shire); Folly Hill, Faringdon (Oxfordshire); Hailes Camp (Gloucestershire); Hamstead Mar- shall, Castle I (Berkshire); Mountsorrel Castles, Siegeworks and Settlements: (Leicestershire); Giant’s Hill, Rampton (Cam- Surveying the Archaeology of the bridgeshire); Wellow (Nottinghamshire); and Twelfth Century Church End, Woodwalton (Cambridgeshire). Edited by Duncan W. Wright and Oliver H. The book begins with a brief introduction on Creighton surveying the archaeology of the twelfth centu- Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing ry in England, and ends with a conclusion and Publication date: 2016 suggestions for further research, such as on Paperback: xi, 167 pages battlefield archaeology, largely omitted (delib- Illustrations: 146 figures, 9 tables erately) from the project. A site that is recom- ISBN: 978-1-78491-476-9 mended in particular is that of the battle of the Price: £45 Standard, near Northallerton in North York- shire, an engagement fought successfully This is a companion volume to Creighton and against the invading Scots in 1138. -
Edinburgh Castle (Portcullis Gate, Argyle Tower & Lang Stairs) Statement of Significance
Property in Care (PIC) ID: PIC222 Designations: Scheduled Monument (SM90130) Listed Building (Lang Stairs: LB48221 – Category B) (Portcullis Gate and Argyle Tower: LB48227 – Category A) Taken into State care: 1906 (Ownership) Last Reviewed: 2019 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE EDINBURGH CASTLE – PORTCULLIS GATE, ARGYLE TOWER AND LANG STAIRS We continually revise our Statements of Significance, so they may vary in length, format and level of detail. While every effort is made to keep them up to date, they should not be considered a definitive or final assessment of our properties. Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH © Historic Environment Scotland 2019 You may re-use this information (excluding logos and images) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: Historic Environment Scotland Longmore House Salisbury Place Edinburgh EH9 1SH +44 (0) 131 668 8600 www.historicenvironment.scot Historic Environment Scotland – Scottish Charity No. SC045925 Principal Office: -
The Portcullis Revised August 2010
Factsheet G9 House of Commons Information Office General Series The Portcullis Revised August 2010 Contents Introduction 2 Other uses for the Portcullis 2 Charles Barry and the New Palace 3 Modern uses 4 This factsheet has been archived so the content City of Westminster 4 and web links may be out of date. Please visit Westminster fire office 4 our About Parliament pages for current Other users 5 information. Styles 5 Appendix A 7 Examples of uses of the Portcullis 7 Further reading 8 Contact information 8 Feedback form 9 The crowned portcullis has come to be accepted during the twentieth century as the emblem of both Houses of Parliament. As with many aspects of parliamentary life, this has arisen through custom and usage rather than as a result of any conscious decision. This factsheet describes the history and use of the Portcullis. August 2010 FS G 09 Ed 3.5 ISSN 0144-4689 © Parliamentary Copyright (House of Commons) 2009 May be reproduced for purposes of private study or research without permission. Reproduction for sale or other commercial purposes not permitted. 2 The Portcullis House of Commons Information Office Factsheet G9 Introduction Since 1967, the crowned portcullis has been used exclusively on House of Commons stationery. It replaced an oval device, which had been in use since the turn of the twentieth century, on the recommendation of the Select Committee on House of Commons (Services). The portcullis probably came to be associated with the Palace of Westminster through its use, along with Tudor roses, fleurs-de-lys and pomegranates, as decoration in the rebuilding of the Palace after the fire of 1512. -
Key Stage 1 Cool Castles
Key Stage 1 Cool Castles Sources https://www.twinkl.co.uk/search?term=castle https://content.twinkl.co.uk/resource/06/9e/t -t-100-castles-and-knights-word- mat https://www.theschoolrun.com/homework-help/castles Castle Challenge! Castles have been around for hundreds and hundreds of years. Some castles are ruins with only small parts of them left standing. Some castles have people living in them today or are open to the public so we can learn more about their history. Have a go at the castle challenges below. If you like to add extra challenge, set yourself a time-limit for each one. 2 Minute Challenge Make a list of ALL the films, books and games you know that have a castle in them 5 Minute Challenge Make a list of the names of any castles you know 10 Minute Challenge Look at the castle picture in your pack. What do you notice? How many things on the picture can you label? Where has the castle been built? What are the different stalls selling in the market place? What trades (jobs) do you think the stall holders (people selling things) do? Cool Castles Word Mat Look at this castle word mat (from Twinkl). How many of the words do you already know? Challenge – can you see any of the words on your Castle Poster? Label any you can find. All about Castles 1 What are castles? Castles are a type of home . They were built to protect the people inside. The most important person in the castle was the lord. -
The Norman Conquest Learning Objective: to Understand Chronology, Sources and Factors Through the History of the Norman Conquest of England
Year 7) Term 2A: The Norman Conquest Learning objective: To understand chronology, sources and factors through the history of the Norman Conquest of England. What do I need to know about William and his coronation as king? KEYWORDS: • The coronation of William of Normandy on Christmas Day 1066. Chronology = events put in the • How Anglo-Saxon people reacted to the new Norman king. order that they happened. • What William wanted to do next. Sources = evidence from the past. What do I need to know about the Norman Conquest? Interpretations = a persons • How William created a Feudal System hierarchy. opinion on a historical event. • How William used the Domesday Book to collect information. Key events/people: • How William created Motte & Bailey Castles to scare the English. William the Conqueror/William • How the Bayeux Tapestry controlled history. of Normandy The Feudal System What do I need to know about the Harrying of the North? The Domesday Book • Why William decided to launch an attack on the North. Motte & Bailey Castles • What tactics William used when attacking the North. The Bayeux Tapestry • How England changed under the reign of William of Normandy. The Harrying of the North 25 December 1066 AD 1067-86 AD 1069 AD William is coroneted as Motte & Bailey castles are created and William launches an assault on the Northern rebels: The King of England. the Domesday Book is completed. Harrying of the North begins and ends. What first-order concepts do I need to learn below? Hint: remember! A first-order concept is a word historians use to describe facts related to events. -
UT180 Citadels of Power Bklt.Qxp
Citadels of Power: The Castle in History and Archaeology Professor Thomas J. Finan Saint Louis University Recorded Books™ is a trademark of Recorded Books, LLC. All rights reserved. Citadels of Power: The Castle in History and Archaeology Professor Thomas J. Finan Executive Editor Donna F. Carnahan RECORDING Producer - David Markowitz Director - Ian McCulloch COURSE GUIDE Editor - James Gallagher Design - Edward White Lecture content ©2011 by Thomas J. Finan Course guide ©2011 by Recorded Books, LLC 72010 by Recorded Books, LLC Cover image: Doonagore Castle near Doolin in County Clare, Ireland © Shutterstock.com #UT180 ISBN: 978-1-4498-4969-6 All beliefs and opinions expressed in this audio/video program and accompanying course guide are those of the author and not of Recorded Books, LLC, or its employees. Course Syllabus Citadels of Power: The Castle in History and Archaeology About Your Professor.......................................................................................4 Introduction....................................................................................................5 Lecture 1 What Is a Castle? Why Study a Castle? ........................................6 Lecture 2 Earthen and Timber Castles ......................................................10 Lecture 3 Building a Castle.......................................................................13 Lecture 4 The Norman Stone Keep...........................................................17 Lecture 5 The Concentric Castle ..............................................................21 -
Bridge of Civilizations the Near East and Europe C
Bridge of Civilizations The Near East and Europe c. 1100–1300 edited by Peter Edbury, Denys Pringle and Balázs Major Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-327-0 ISBN 978-1-78969-328-7 (e-Pdf) © the individual authors and Archaeopress 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Printed Word Publishing This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Notes on Contributors �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ix Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xiii Castles and Warfare 1� Constructing a Medieval Fortification in Syria: Margat between 1187 and 1285 ���������������1 Balázs Major 2� Applying the Most Recent Technologies in Archaeological and Architectural Documentation at Margat ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 23 Bendegúz Takáts 3� Al-Marqab Citadel (Margat): Present Possibilities and Future Prospects ������������������������� 35 Marwan Hassan 4� New Research on the Medieval Water-Management System of Crac des Chevaliers �������� 54 Zsolt Vágner and Zsófia E. Csóka 5� The