1 Anti-proliferative and Chemotherapeutics Effects of Nigerian Honey and Its 2 Polyphenols on Cancer cells 3 4 5 Umar Ahmad1,2*, Buhari Ibrahim3, Aminu Umar Kura4, Umar Usman Pateh5 6 7 1Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bauchi State 8 University, Gadau, PMB 65, Itas/Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria. 2Medical Genetics Laboratory, 9 Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health 10 Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.3Department 11 of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bauchi State University, Gadau, PMB 65, Itas/Gadau, 12 Bauchi State, Nigeria. 4Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bauchi State 13 University, Gadau, PMB 65, Itas/Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria. 5Department of Pharmaceutical 14 and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University 15 (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria. *Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to U.A. 16 (email:
[email protected]) 17 18 19 20 Background of the research 21 22 Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases affecting humans around the world, Nigeria 23 inclusive. Liver cancer also known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most 24 common cancer in males and the seventh most common cancer in females and the third leading 25 cause of cancer death globally [1]. Limited treatment for high-risk liver cancer and poor 26 prognosis was recorded, in addition to its resistance, recurrence, progression and invasion. 27 Resistance of liver cancer to conventional therapies added to severe side effects prompted the 28 search for a novel therapeutic approach based on natural products such as the Nigerian honey.