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International Conference-School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Kharkiv, Ukraine, September 12–15, 2016

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International Conference-School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Kharkiv, Ukraine, September 12–15, 2016 International Conference-School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Kharkiv, Ukraine, September 12–15, 2016 This Conference is organized by: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” N.N. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and sponsored by: Science and Technology Center in Ukraine European Physical Society International Advisory Committee: I.M. Neklyudov – NASU, Ukraine Chairman O. Agren – Uppsala University, Sweden O. Motojima – ITER V. Astashynski – A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass K. Nakajima – Tsukuba Univ., Ibaraki, Japan Transfer Institute, Minsk, Belarus I. Pichal – Czech Technical University in Prague I.G. Brown – LBNL, Berkeley, USA A.A. Rukhadze – Inst. of General Phys., Russia R. Galvao – CBPF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil M.J. Sadowski – NCBJ, Warsaw, Poland M. Gryaznevich – UKAEA, Abingdon, UK J. Stockel – IPP, Prague, Czech Republic C. Hidalgo – CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain G. Van Oost – Ghent University, Belgium A. Hassanein – Purdue University, USA J. Winter – Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany Ya. Takeiri – NIFS, Japan A.G. Zagorodny – Bogolyubov Inst. for Theoretical H. Kersten – Kiel, Germany Phys., NASU, Kiev, Ukraine J. Linke – FZJ, Juelich, Germany Program Committee: A.G. Zagorodny – Bogolyubov Inst.for Theoretical V.I. Karas’ – IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU Phys., NASU, Kiev, Ukraine Chairman V.F. Klepikov – IERT, NASU, Kharkov N.A. Azarenkov – V.N. Karazin National Univ., Ya.I. Kolesnichenko – Inst. of Nucl. Res.,NASU, Kharkov – Co-Chairman Kiev V.A. Makhlay – IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov – I.N. Onishchenko IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU, Scientific Secretary Kharkov I.A. Anisimov – Taras Shevchenko Kiev National O.S. Pavlichenko – IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov University, Kiev V.S. Taran – IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov V.A. Buts – IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU V.S. Voitsenya – IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov I.E. Garkusha – IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov A.M. Yegorov – IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU, I.O. Girka – V.N. Karazin National Univ., Kharkov Kharkov A.A. Goncharov – Inst. of Phys., NASU, Kiev K.A. Yushchenko – Paton Inst. for Welding, NASU, D.L. Grekov – IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov Kiev V.A. Zhovtyanski – Inst. of Gases, NASU, Kiev Local Organizing Committee: I.E. Garkusha (IPP NSC KIPT) – Chairman A.M. Yegorov (IPENMA NSC KIPT) – V.P. Chizhov (NSC KIPT) Co-Chairman I.I. Degtyarev (NSC KIPT) I.O. Girka (V.N. Karazin National Univ.) – D.L. Grekov (IPP NSC KIPT) Vice Chairman T.E. Kuznetsova (NSC KIPT) V.S. Voitsenya (IPP NSC KIPT) – Yu.P. Kurylo (NSC KIPT) Vice Chairman S.M. Maznichenko (IPP NSC KIPT) M.E. Maznichenko (IPP NSC KIPT) – S.M. Onishchenko (IPENMA NSC KIPT) Vice Chairman L.K. Tkachenko (IPP NSC KIPT) V.A. Mikhailov (NSC KIPT) – Vice Chairman N.P. Tyshkevich (IPENMA NSC KIPT) V.A. Makhlay (IPP NSC KIPT) – E.V. Skoryna (IPP NSC KIPT) Scientific Secretary A.V. Volobuev (NSC KIPT) T.N. Cherednychenko (IPP NSC KIPT) – V.V. Yakovleva (IPP NSC KIPT) Secretary CONTENTS Preface Invited Lectures……………………………………………………….. 3 Topics: 1. Magnetic Confinement Systems: Stellarators, Tokamaks, Alternative Conceptions………..……………………………... 23 2. Plasma Heating and Current Drive…………………………… 50 3. ITER and Fusion Reactor Aspects..………………………….. 57 4. Basic Plasma Physics …………………………………………... 70 5. Plasma Dynamics and Plasma–Wall Interaction ……………. 85 6. Plasma Electronics ……………………………………………. 96 7. Low Temperature Plasma and Plasma Technologies ……….. 111 8. Plasma Diagnostics …………………………………………….. 173 Index of authors 183 International Conference and School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion ICPPCF-2016 follows the previous International Conferences, which were held in Alushta in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and in Kharkov in 2014. ICPPCF conferences were organized by the National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” of the National Academy of Science, N.N. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics and V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. More than 100 participants (from 11 countries) presented about 200 reports during ICPPCF-2014 Conference. ICPPCF-2016 is sponsored by the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, European Physical Society (EPS) and Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU). About 200 abstracts were submitted by Ukrainian and foreign authors and selected by the Program Committee for presentation at the ICPPCF-2016 Conference. All the abstracts have been divided into 8 groups according to the topics of the Conference Program. Since the abstracts presented in this volume were prepared in camera-ready form, and the time for the technical editing was very limited, the Editors and the Publishing Office do not take responsibility for eventual errors. Hence, all the questions referring to the context or numerical data should be addressed to the authors directly. We hope that the contributed papers and invited talks, to be given at the Conference, will supply new valuable information about the present status of plasma physics and controlled fusion research. We also hope that the Conference will promote further development of plasma physics and fusion oriented research as well as the scientific collaboration among different plasma research groups in Ukraine and abroad. Program and Local Organizing Committees 2 Invited Lectures I-01 STUDIES OF STEADY STATE MIRROR BASED FUSION NEUTRON SOURCES CONCEPTS O. Ågren1,*, V.E. Moiseenko2, K. Noack1, S.V. Chernitskiy2 1Uppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; 2Institute of Plasma Physics, National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 61108, Kharkov, Ukraine *E-mail: [email protected] Intense neutron sources offer a possibility for application of fusion in a not too distant future. Application areas include fusion material testing, power production and incineration of spent nuclear fuel. The fusion neutron source has to be capable of steady-state operation, which rules out axisymmetric toroidal devices constrained by the need to drive an inductive plasma current. Our studies are for this reason restricted to mirror machines and stellarators. The stellarator-mirror concept is introduced by Khipt at Kharkiv. Our studies address several critical issues on particle confinement, plasma heating, plasma stability and magnetic coil design, where critical material problems may be handled by careful geometrical arrangements. Reactor safety and engineering requirements of the design are also addressed in Monte Carlo computations for the neutrons. The SFLM (Straight Field Line Mirror) concept is based on a quadrupolar magnetic mirror field to achieve gross MHD stability. Expanders outside the confinement region have large plasma receiving surfaces to withstand heat load and particle bombardment. The mirror effect, which is a consequence of the conservation of the particle’s energy and magnetic moment, is a mechanism for particle confinement in the longitudinal direction, but also radial confinement is required, where radial drifts introduced by a quadrupolar field is a threat. However, our derivations predict that radial confinement for all particles, in the collision free approximation, can be arranged by a weak radial electric field, which can be controlled by biased endplates. The mechanism involved is the enforced slow plasma rotation around the magnetic axis. This conclusion is supported by the observed confinement improvement in several experiments where biased electric fields have been introduced. The derived perfect radial confinement is associated with the existence of a radial constant of motion. The mirror and stellarator-mirror concepts have several features in common, such as steady state operation, a local neutron production and similar solutions for access to the plasma, feeding of plasma heating and designs of fission core. A main advantage of the toroidal concept is the elimination of longitudinal losses, where a moderate price is paid for added complexity, but new threats arise in stellarators for radial loss: Nested magnetic surfaces exist only in a certain region, but even in these regions a collision free radial drift loss can be present due to magnetic drifts. A spontaneously generated radial electric field is predicted to introduce a dramatic improvement in radial confinement in these regions. The generation of a slow plasma rotation around the magnetic axis is the responsible mechanism also in this case. Special schemes are worked out for plasma heating (by ICRH or neutral beams injection), where care is also taken to shield components. 3D superconducting coils can produce the magnetic field, with sufficient space available for shielding. An important prediction is low value of the fusion Q factor required for power production. This correspond to scenarios with high power amplification by fission. Within the reactor safety studies made, power production may be possible with Q = 0.15. Several reactor safety issues are studied, such as passive circulation of coolants and loss of coolant scenarios. Although the predictions on reactor safety and other designs criteria are encouraging, it should be emphasized that the studies need to be deepened further. 3 I-02 4 I-03 5 I-04 FORMATION OF AMMONIA DURING N2-SEEDED DISCHARGES IN TOKAMAKS WITH METALLIC PLASMA-FACING SURFACES A. Drenik1,2, D. Alegre3,4, M. Bišćan5, S. Brezinsek6, A. de Castro4, T. Dittmar6, A. Hakola7,
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