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Book of Abstracts Contribution: T1 / Beam Plasmas and Inertial Fusion Book of Abstracts Contribution: T1 / Beam Plasmas and Inertial Fusion Exploring HED physics, ICF dynamics and lab astrophysics with advanced nuclear diagnostics Chikang Li Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Significant progress has recently been made in developing advanced nuclear diagnostics for the OMEGA laser facility and the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Both self-emitted fusion products and backlighting nuclear particles have been measured and used to study a large range of basic physics of high-energy-density (HED) plasmas. The highlights of these achievements are manifested by numerous recent publications. For ignition science in inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, for example, these works have helped to advance our understanding of kinetic effects in exploding-pusher ICF implosions and our understanding of NIF capsule implosion dynamics and symmetry. For basic physics in HED plasmas and laboratory astrophysics, our research contributed to the understanding of nuclear plasma science, the generation and reconnection of self-generated spontaneous electromagnetic fields and associated plasma instabilities, high-Mach-number plasma jets, Weibel-mediated electromagnetic collisionless shocks, and charged-particle stopping power in various laser-produced HED plasmas. In this Tutorials and Topical Lecture, we will present details of these researches. The work described herein was performed in part at the LLE National Laser User’s Facility (NLUF), and was supported in part by US DOE, LLNL and LLE. 3rd European Conference on Plasma Diagnostics (ECPD), 6-9 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal https://www.ipfn.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/ECPD2019/ Contribution: T2 / Basic and Astrophysical Plasmas Detection of the missing baryons by studying the lines from the Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) F. Nicastro INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma It has been known for decades that the observed number of baryons in the local Universe falls about 30-40% short of the total number of baryons predicted by Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis, inferred by density fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background and seen during the first 2-3 billion years of the universe (redshift z>2-3) in the so called “Lyman-α Forest". While theory provides a reasonable solution to this paradox, by locating the missing baryons in hot and tenuous filamentary gas connecting galaxies, it also sanctions the difficulty of detecting them because their by far largest constituent, hydrogen, is mostly ionized and therefore virtually invisible in ordinary signal-to-noise Far-Ultraviolet spectra. Indeed, despite the large observational efforts, only a few marginal claims of detection have been made so far. Here I will first review the observational efforts pursued over the past 15 years by several groups and will then present our recent results that show that the missing baryons are indeed found in a tenuous warm-hot and moderately enriched medium that traces large concentrations of galaxies and permeates the space between and around them. The detection of these baryons is hampered by foreground ISM contamination, which is hard to correct for, due to our poor knowledge of inner-shell resonant transitions from metals in the X-ray band. Despite these intrinsic difficulties, I will show that the number of OVII systems detected down to the sensitivity threshold of our data, agrees well with numerical simulation predictions for the long-sought hot intergalactic medium, and its detection adds a fundamental tile to the long-standing missing baryon puzzle. Finally, I will comment on the implications of these new results for future high resolution X-ray missions. 3rd European Conference on Plasma Diagnostics (ECPD), 6-9 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal https://www.ipfn.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/ECPD2019/ Contribution: T3 / Magnetic Confinement Fusion Bolometer Developments in Diagnostics for Magnetic Confinement Fusion H. Meister1, M. Bernert1, W. Biel2, L.C. Ingesson3, B.J. Peterson4, R. Reichle5, M.L. Reinke6, S. Schmitt7, D. Zhang8 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany 2 Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany 3 Fusion for Energy, Barcelona, Spain 4 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan 5 ITER Organisation, St. Paul-les-Durance, France 6 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA 7 Fraunhofer-IMM, Mainz, Germany 8 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany The plasma radiation is an essential part of the energy balance in current and future magnetic confinement fusion experiments and gives crucial insight for the challenges of power exhaust and divertor detachment as well as valuable information to understand plasma instabilities and transport effects. It is typically measured using various types of bolometers. Present day experimental devices, both the tokamak and stellarator, make use of metal resistor bolometers and IR video bolometers (IRVB), depending on the main focus of the respective measurement. The well-established sensor for absolutely calibrated measurements is the metal resistor bolometer. AXUV diodes, often used in conjunction with bolometers, are ideal for observing fast transient events in a plasma due to their very short response times, but their sensitivity varies significantly over the full radiation spectrum and degrades over time. In cases where many lines-of-sight are needed to observe radiation profiles in complex geometries IRVB offers the ability to integrate high channel counts in rather narrow installation volumes. These diagnostic concepts are presented as well as their pros and cons using examples of measurements from various devices like ASDEX Upgrade, JET, LHD and Wendelstein 7-X. For future devices like ITER and DEMO, new developments are required to adapt sensors and diagnostic schemes to the harsh nuclear environment. An overview will be given over the activities for sensor development and integration challenges, which may also be relevant for long pulse operation in present experiments. 3rd European Conference on Plasma Diagnostics (ECPD), 6-9 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal https://www.ipfn.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/ECPD2019/ Contribution: T4 / Beam Plasmas and Inertial Fusion Optical diagnostics: femtosecond laser measurements of E fields and novel methods for temperature and pressure measurements with atomic and molecular Richard Miles Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University. Understanding the detailed mechanisms associated with time varying nonequilibrium plasmas is of importance for controlled ignition of combusting gases, electric propulsion, chemical processing, flashlamp and laser operation, breakdown suppression, hypersonic flight and, increasingly, for medical applications. Studying the dynamics of these plasmas requires stand-off approaches since conventional probes cause significant perturbations. Local parameters of importance are the electron density and temperature, electric field, ionization and dissociation fractions, molecular vibrational, rotational and kinetic temperature. Several new laser based methods are now being developed to enable measurements of these parameters. For example, electric-field induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH)] is able to provide sub nanosecond time resolved measurement of the local electric field by focusing a short pulse (picosecond or femtosecond) laser to the measurement point and detecting the second harmonic light produced by the nonlinear interaction of the laser with the electric field and the ambient gas or plasma. Femtosecond laser driven two photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) and resonant ionization followed by microwave scattering (Radar REMPI) are also effective approaches to the measurement of ions and dissociated species. With nanosecond pulsed frequency tunable lasers, atomic filters and molecular filters can be used to suppress background scattering and select for specific molecular species and energy states. For example, slow light imaging spectroscopy (SLIS) takes advantage of atomic resonant induced dispersion for imaging Raman scattering spectra through time delayed propagation of the selected spectral feature. With proper choice of filters and laser wavelength, pressure can also be measured. The presentation will focus on recently developed methods that are useful for the measurement of rapidly time varying, localized, partially ionized plasmas. 3rd European Conference on Plasma Diagnostics (ECPD), 6-9 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal https://www.ipfn.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/ECPD2019/ Contribution: I1.1 / Low-Temperature and Industrial Plasmas In situ and remote laser diagnostics for material characterization from plasma facing components to Cultural Heritage surfaces Roberta Fantoni ENEA – FSN-TECFIS C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, (Rome), Italy Optical and spectroscopic techniques offer unique possibilities for non destructive or microdestructive characterization of surfaces, with widespread applications, starting from in-line monitoring of industrial processes. A significant group of industrial applications concerns nuclear grade material characterization and plasma diagnostics relevant to the thermonuclear fusion process. However, technologies and methodologies originally developed for specific in-vessel utilization, can easily find additional in-situ and remote application to environmental and cultural heritage diagnostics addressed to preventive conservation and restoration of surfaces. The development
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