Distributed Energy Resources Management
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Distributed Energy Resources Management Edited by Pedro Faria Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Energies www.mdpi.com/journal/energies Distributed Energy Resources Management Distributed Energy Resources Management Special Issue Editor Pedro Faria MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Pedro Faria GECAD—Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development Portugal Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Energies (ISSN 1996-1073) from 2017 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/special issues/distributed energy resources management) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-718-6 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-719-3 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Pedro Faria Distributed Energy Resources Management Reprinted from: Energies 2019, 12, 550, doi:10.3390/en12030550 .................... 1 Jongbok Baek, Wooin Choi and Suyong Chae Distributed Control Strategy for Autonomous Operation of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 373, doi:10.3390/en10030373 .................... 4 Xiaolin Ay´on,Mar´ıa Angeles´ Moreno and Julio Usaola Aggregators’ Optimal Bidding Strategy in Sequential Day-Ahead and Intraday Electricity Spot Markets Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 450, doi:10.3390/en10040450 .................... 20 Kai Ma, Shubing Hu, Jie Yang, Chunxia Dou and Josep M. Guerrero Energy Trading and Pricing in Microgrids with Uncertain Energy Supply: A Three-Stage Hierarchical Game Approach Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 670, doi:10.3390/en10050670 .................... 40 Omid Abrishambaf, Pedro Faria, Luis Gomes, Jo˜ao Sp´ınola, Zita Vale and Juan M. Corchado Implementation of a Real-Time Microgrid Simulation Platform Based on Centralized and Distributed Management Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 806, doi:10.3390/en10060806 .................... 56 Van-Hai Bui, Akhtar Hussain and Hak-Man Kim Diffusion Strategy-Based Distributed Operation of Microgrids Using Multiagent System Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 903, doi:10.3390/en10070903 .................... 70 Guanglin Zhang, Yu Cao, Yongsheng Cao, and Lin Wang Optimal Energy Management for Microgrids with Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Generation, Energy Storages, and Renewable Energy Sources Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 1288, doi:10.3390/en10091288 ................... 91 Amin Shokri Gazafroudi, Francisco Prieto-Castrillo, Tiago Pinto, Javier Prieto, Juan Manuel Corchado and Javier Bajo Energy Flexibility Management Based on Predictive Dispatch Model of Domestic Energy Management System Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 1397, doi:10.3390/en10091397 ...................109 K. Selvakumar, K. Vijayakumar and C. S. Boopathi Demand Response Unit Commitment Problem Solution for Maximizing Generating Companies’ Profit Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 1465, doi:10.3390/en10101465 ...................125 Ebrahim Rokrok, Miadreza Shafie-khah, Pierluigi Siano and Jo˜aoP. S. Catal˜ao A Decentralized Multi-Agent-Based Approach for Low Voltage Microgrid Restoration Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 1491, doi:10.3390/en10101491 ...................143 Kai Ma, Yege Bai, Jie Yang, Yangqing Yu, and Qiuxia Yang Demand-Side Energy Management Based on Nonconvex Optimization in Smart Grid Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 1538, doi:10.3390/en10101538 ...................163 v Danilo Pinto Moreira de Souza, Eliane da Silva Christo and Aryfrance Rocha Almeida Location of Faults in Power Transmission Lines Using the ARIMA Method Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 1596, doi:10.3390/en10101596 ...................180 Zheng Ma, Joy Dalmacio Billanes and Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants Reprinted from: Energies 2017, 10, 1646, doi:10.3390/en10101646 ...................192 Pedro Faria, Jo˜ao Sp´ınola and Zita Vale Reschedule of Distributed Energy Resources by an Aggregator for Market Participation Reprinted from: Energies 2018, 11, 713, doi:10.3390/en11040713 ....................211 vi About the Special Issue Editor Pedro Faria, who completed his Ph.D in 2016, works in the field of power systems with a focus on energy markets, smart grids, and demand response and has published 1 patent and over 150 papers. His current work includes renewable-based distributed generation, energy storage, and electric vehicles. In these fields, optimization, clustering, and classification methods have been applied to real and simulated environment problems. He has been developing business models for modeling, aggregation, and remuneration of consumers participating in electricity markets and in demand response programs. He has also worked in the real-time simulation of power and energy systems. Pedro Faria participated in a number of relevant national and international research projects, contributing with models and their implementation, testing, demonstration, and piloting. vii energies Editorial Distributed Energy Resources Management Pedro Faria GECAD-Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; [email protected]; Tel.: +351-228-340-511; Fax: +351-228-321-159 Received: 29 November 2018; Accepted: 24 January 2019; Published: 11 February 2019 1. Introduction The impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is nowadays unquestionable at the distribution level but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have great potential to contribute to increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, particularly when used jointly with photovoltaic (PV) panels. This Special Issue addresses the management of distributed energy resources, which is increasingly important to ensure sustainable and efficient power and energy systems. The issue focuses on methods and techniques to achieve optimized operation, aggregate the resources by means of virtual power players, and remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main path for the efficient use of resources. The topics of this Special Issue include the following: • Demand response • Distributed energy resources • Distributed generation • Electric vehicles • Energy resource optimization • Energy storage • Intelligent resource management • Renewable energy sources • Smart grids Thirteen research papers have been published in this Special Issue. The following statistics apply: • Submissions: 23; published: 13; rejected: 10 • Average article processing time: 58.76 days • Authors’ geographical distribution: - Spain (3), Portugal (3), China (3) - Korea (2), Denmark (2) - Italy (1), USA (1), Japan (1), India (1), Brazil (1) 2. Contributions This paper provides a summary of the Energies Special Issue covering the published articles [1–13], which address several topics related to distributed energy resources management. Table 1 identifies the most relevant topics in each publication; most of them cover three or more topics. Energies 2019, 12, 550; doi:10.3390/en120305501 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies Energies 2019, 12, 550 Table 1. Topics covered in each publication. References Topic [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Demand response x x x x x x x x Distributed generation x x x x x x x x Operation and control x x x x x x x Electricity markets and aggregation x x x x x Energy storage x x x x Intelligent resource management x x x x x x x Renewable energy sources x xxxx Laboratory simulation x x Total 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 2 1 3 4 One can see that, regarding the type of resources, most of the publications focus on demand response and distributed generation. Energy storage is also included in four papers. Looking at the proposed methods and/or addressed problems, most of the papers are dedicated to operation and control aspects and intelligent resource management. Electricity markets and resource aggregation are addressed in five papers. Specific challenges of integrating renewable energy sources are addressed in five papers. Finally, two papers make relevant contributions regarding laboratory simulation with some hardware for emulating power system components. Reference [1] proposed a coordinated distributed control strategy for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid, taking into consideration several resource characteristics. A two-level control structure was developed, with local controllers linked to a