(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information , Vol. 6, No. 3, 2009 Architecture of Network Tools for Heterogeneous System

Rosilah Hassan, Rozilawati Razali, Shima Mohseni, Ola Mohamad and Zahian Ismail

Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia .

Human: where human manager defines the policy and approaches. Abstract— Managing heterogeneous network systems is Methodology: defines the architectural a difficult task because each of these networks has its own curious . These networks framework and the functions to be usually are constructed on independent management performed. protocols which are not compatible with each other. Instrumentation: the actual operational This results in the coexistence of many management aspects that establish the procedures, systems with different managing functions and services methods and algorithms for data collection, across enterprises. Incompatibility of different processing and reporting, and analysis of management systems makes management of whole problems, their repair, prediction or system a very complex and often complicated job. of service levels and probable Ideally, it is necessary to implement centralized meta- level management across distributed heterogeneous improvements to enhance performance. systems and their underlying supporting network systems where the information flow and guidance is S&NM aims to provide network managers a provided via a single console or single operating panels complete view of the whole network through a which integrates all the management functions in spite visualized Network Management Tool (NMT). The of their individual protocols and structures. This paper International Organization for Standards (ISO) [1] attempts to provide a novel network management tool has categorized five main management functions that architecture which supports heterogeneous can be managed by such tools: Fault, Configuration, across many different architectural , Performance, and Security (FCAPS), as platforms. Furthermore, an architectural approach to integrate heterogeneous network is proposed. This simplified in Table 1. architecture takes into account both wireless fixed and To illustrate how these functions are interrelated, mobile nodes. an example of simple S&NM applications is shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen that a user interface is used to Keywords-component; Network Tools Architecture; manage the functions, which are originated from Services Management; Heterogeneous System; various software, hardware, firmware, and end-users. Most of the existing S&NM systems are developed I. INTRODUCTION in an individual fashion, where each system is System and Network Management (S&NM) is designed to operate within its own defined area or concerned with observing, monitoring, testing, scope.s This creates a number of incompatibilities configuring, and troubleshooting the different and lack of integration does not allow a common network components, services, systems and users. view of the system and networks to be managed. The management process wraps all the network Also, this causes lack of data flows between these system elements starting from the end-users, through incompatible systems, resulting in inconsistencies of the applications and supporting data, the end data, event correlation and maintenance of the system’s network connectivity edge and deep into the different data bases. It may also cause many systems network infrastructures themselves. Typically, with low level of inter and intra communications S&NM comprises the following aspects: among them.

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TABLE I. ISO SPECIFIED FCAPS FUNCTIONS Following are the most used protocols in network Category of Task management systems: Management Fault Management Recognizing problem situation, Simple Network Management Protocol. (FM) isolating the problem to the Telecommunication Management Network. source, Providing notification to Fault, Configuration, Accounting, the appropriate person, and tracking problems through Performance, and Security (FCAPS) resolution A. Simple Network Management Protocol Controlling the health of network

(CM) by keeping regular scheduled configuration back ups and having Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is careful controlled implementation an Engineering Task Force (IETF) de facto and also changing the procedures standard known as Requests For Commands (RFC) Accounting Management Measuring the usage and [2]. SNMP is a framework for managing Internet (AM) allocation of costs associated with devices or network elements using the TCP/IP billing for time and services protocol suite [3]. The SNMP management model contains a management station. The actual Concerned with gathering management process takes place in this management (PM) network and system statistics station. Other managed devices and available including utilization, errors, network peripherals communicate via a network response time are valuable tools in network trends management agent embedded inside the device with management station. The SNMP model of a managed network consists of four components: Managed Controlling access rights, usually nodes (Agent), Network Management stations (SM) network infrastructure and access to network hardware components (NMS), Managed information (MIB), and a management protocol (SNMP), as shown in Fig. 2. The manager and managed agent style is used in SNMP where the manager monitors a group of agents. The dialogue relationship between manager and agent is shown in Fig. 3. A manager can check the agent behavior through a set of parameters; also it can force agent to behave in a certain way by resetting value of those parameters. Agents can send Network management Application all or correlated alarms to the manager of any faulty situation. Different network managers can exchange User Interface information about each other’s networks using SNMP. SNMP works in cooperation with a Structure of Management Information (SMI) and Management Information Base (MIB), as well as the underlying supporting S&NM protocol suite. SMI is responsible for defining the general rules for naming objects Fault Configuration Accounting performance Security (hardware and system, non-physical such as management management management management management programs, and administrative information), defining objects types, and show how to encode objects and values [4]. MIB is a conceptual that can be distributed on different sites or assembled in a single location. It creates the objects needed and names Hardware Software Firmware Users them according to SMI rules. Then, it assigns them to their proper object types. For each entity such as a Network componants device, a set of defined objects will be created and

kept in the database. Fig. 4 shows the ISO MIB that Figure 1. Network management application components consists of the data which reflect the FCAPS that are requested by different network management architectures.

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NMS B. Telecommunication Management Network Managing Agent entity data The Telecommunication Management Network Managed node (TMN) was defined by the International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Agent Standardization Sector (ITU-T) [5]. It is a framework SNMP data to achieve communication between heterogeneous protocol Managed node telecommunication networks. TMN defines a standard interface for network elements that handle Agent the communication process. In this way, network Agent data data elements can be managed by a single network Managed node management system regardless of their different Managed node manufacturers. The framework identifies four logical layers of network management [5]: Figure 2. SNMP management model components Network Management Layer (NML): Enables telecom operators to perform integrated fault management and service provisioning in multi- vendor multi-platform environments. Request for information Layer (SML): is where Telecom operators have sought to differentiate s r

Reply to manager request e g

t a

r themselves by purchasing numerous applications n n e e a g g a m

n A

s for managing service usage, activation and a k r M Reseat parameters values o

w assurance. t e N

r e Element Management Layer (EML): Contains h t Unusual situation alarm O individual network elements handling functions. Enables capabilities related to , inventory management, service

NM information exchange assurance, and network provisioning. Management Layer (BML): Performs functions related to business aspects, analyzes trends and quality issues provide a basis for

Figure 3. Manager Agent Request Response Exchange Protocol billing and other financial reports.

Operations System Service Helpdesk Telecommunications technology architectures are Manager Planer Engineer Manager typically expressed in a more simplified palette using the TMN model in Fig. 5.

L M B

MIB SML

NML

EML

Configuration Security Accounting Perfomance Fault subsystem NEL subsystem subsystem subsystem subsystem management management management management management

Figure 5. TMN Network Management Architecture Figure 4. ISO Management Information Base (MIB)

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C. Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security (FCAPS)

Internet FCAPS is a framework defined by the ISO and the name is a contraction of the five management LAN categories that were mentioned earlier in Table 1: Cellular Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security. This categorization is the functional one and does WLAN not consider the business-related role of management systems within the telecommunication network. The concept of FCAPS was initially developed by ITU-T to assist in managing the telecommunication networks. But, it was really the ISO who applied the Mobile Ad Hoc Network concept to data networks. However, it turned out that those five protocols would be very similar, thus ISO decided to make them under one protocol, Figure 6. Example of Heterogeneous Network namely Common Management Information Protocol It is the feature of modern communication world, (CMIP) [6]. CMIP allows the communication where different service providers offering wide between the manager and managed entities through a variety of services using different technologies, and typical . It can request the targeting different user’s interests. Forth generation setting of parameter values, events and activities. (4G) technologies which bring high-speed broadband

devices and services to the wireless world are good II. NETWORK HETROGENITY instances of heterogeneous networks where the user environment will be an integrated environment based A heterogeneous network systems environment on terminal heterogeneity and network heterogeneity. can be viewed as connecting computers and network Heterogeneity could be derived from different issues devices such as switches, repeaters and routers with as following: different protocols and different operating systems Terminal Heterogeneity: refers to the variety which varies in type, size, and topology. Fig. 6 of user’s terminals with different illustrates three networks belonging to different characteristics such as operating system, autonomous but providing a composite processing power, memory, storage size, service to end-users. battery life, technology supported. The illustration in this figure can be described as Network Heterogeneity: refers to the variety being immature. Each network has a different of network types and technologies used for environment and those environments can example WiFi, Ethernet, Zigbee, Bluetooth, communicate with each other by a gateway. But in a Cellular networks, GPS, etc. real communication environment, the same device is surrounded by different technologies overlapping on Protocol Heterogeneity: refers the variety of the air such as WiFi technology cellular radio, technologies and network, where each type of Bluetooth, Zigbeee, and other various technologies network uses different communication with different capabilities and different coverage. The protocols. 3G devices, for example, support this variety and Data type Heterogeneity: different networks, overlapping where user can have many types of protocols, terminals can use different types of connectivity using the same device in the same place data. at the same time. On the other hand, this is a mature heterogeneity. III. INTEGRATED NETWORK MANAGEMENT TOOL The term heterogeneous in the near past means having different devices run by different operating In a heterogeneous environment, it becomes systems to work under different technologies. This difficult for network managers to all these heterogeneity term is becoming less and less by networks or subnetworks for different reasons, such embedding the variant capabilities in one device as incompatibilities or vendor specific S&NM under one operating system, leading to more architectures. There are also other reasons such as: homogeneity. Mastering problem: many management tools need to be mastered at least one for each type of device or network.

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Needs of expertise: an expert manager is sub networks in Mobile Service Providers (MSP) needed to handle the heterogeneous system environment. They can be integrated with Alcatel's and network. Expert network managers are mobile Operating Support System (OSS) solutions to hard to find. Also, They are in short supply. provide full end-to-end service management. To help Different protocols: subnetworks within the MSPs to meet these new challenges, Alcatel NMS same network can use different suites of and OSS have been designed as open solutions that protocols. facilitate the smooth integration of multi-technology Data inconsitancy: different subnetwoks and multi-vendor elements. Alcatel integrated fault have different representation of data types management based on MicroMuse Netcool® and data flows. consolidates real-time alarm information across network elements and application servers, providing Integrated S&NM needs to ensure that it creates a real-time alerts relating to problems that affect meta-level view and control of these different service, thereby reducing the time to repair. Alcatel S&NMs. This need for a single centralized global performance management based on Metrica™/NPR view of a set of distributed components become includes the collection of performance data and its esential in order to make managesment effective and consolidation across the entire network and efficient. Integrated System and Network application servers to provide end-to-end Quality of management(IS&NM) was proposed to meet this Service (QoS) indicators. Alcatel problem need. The purpose IS&NM is to provide a single set management based on Action Request System® from of tools for managing network resources within a Remedy® integrates with previous applications, “networked set of components” regardless of the type supporting network and service problem resolution of the subnets. IS&NM reduces errors in mastering by handling the workflow of problem resolution. It multiple different subnetworks; minimizes the human reduces network and service downtime and thus skill levels needed to manage the network; and improves QoS and customer satisfaction. It can enhances network management flexibility provide repair time and reaction time metrics as a simulatenously. basis for evaluating Service Level Agreements (SLA). The Evolium™ OMC-CN provides efficient IV. RELATED WORK cross-network element configuration capabilities and There are a number of network management tools extensive performance monitoring functions tuned to that claimed to integrate network management the core network technologies. The Evolium™ functions. Those tools aimed to manage network OMC-R combines the integration of Radio Network components from the same vendor or the same Optimizer (RNO) with Alcatel's worldwide expertise service provider. Therefore, we are mainly interested in 2G mobile networks and its UMTS experience in in bulding a comprehensive network management Japan, to realize the best radio network management tool through a single interface. We aim to provide a system on the market. In the CORDS project [8], central control in a fashion. several management tools have been developed In this section, we will highlight several integrated independently. The tools are Network Modeling Tool network management architectures. Aslo, Table 2 (NetMod), Network Simulation Testbed (NEST), summarizes three network management architectures Network Management Analysis and Testing and tools described is this section. Alcatel [7] offers a Environment (NETMATE), Hy+ and Shoshin complete suite of network management systems for Distributed Debugger.

TABLE II. NETWORK MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE FOR ALCATEL, CORDS, AND NETDISCO Integrated Network In house Service Provider Integrated Service Provider Network Management & Tools Alcatel-Lucent Mobile network Alcatel The Evolium™ MicroMuse Netcool® OMC-CN Metrica™/NPR Alcatel Evolium™ OMC-R Action Request System® from Remedy® CORDS Large-scale Columbia University: NEST University of Toronto: Hy+, University of Waterloo: Shoshin local network and NETMATE Distributed Debugger

Netdisco Heterogeneous - Devices : Airespace, Allied Telesyn, Aruba, Asante, Bay, Cisco, Dell, Enterasys Networks, Extreme Networks, Foundry Networks, HP, Juniper, Net-SNMP, NetScreen, Nortel, Proxim,

Sun, Synoptics and Zyxel.Software: , Mason, Net-SNMP, PostgreSQL, Apache 1, GraphViz and MIBs

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NetMod is a software package that predicts the environment are the console, user interface, Agents performance of new network technologies in a large- Interface, and a database facility called MIB. scale local network environment. NEST is a User Interface (UI): This provides the ability to graphical environment for distributed network visually navigate and control complex network systems rapid prototyping and simulation developed scenarios. The UI presents numerous objects and at Columbia University. The NETMATE was relationships into a visual representation for a developed at Columbia University to provide a human network manager. An important feature unified and comprehensive software environment for of user interface is that a user is able to see network management to oversee and orchestrate the multiple views of network simultaneously. This operations of diverse devices and protocol. Hy+ is a feature of UI is shown in Fig. 7. visual database system being developed at the Management Information Base (MIB): This part University of Toronto. The system is capable of of architecture is containing information about manipulating data by visually expressed queries on objects (hardware and system, non-physical such large complex systems such as a . as programs, and administrative Shoshin Distributed Debugger is being developed at information).MIB is organized by grouping of the University of Waterloo to support debugging of related objects and defines relationship between distributed and parallel applications objects. Also, it is not a physical database; it is a Network Discovery and Management (Netdisco) virtual database that is complied into [9] is an Open Source web-based network management model management tool hosted by Sourceforge. Netdisco is Agents Interface: the agents Interface of this a network management application targeted at large architecture are entities providing information corporate and university networks. It integrated with a standardized interface for MIB. The devices and software into one integrated system. The gateway interacts with these agents interface integrated devices are Airespace, Allied Telesyn, asks the agents for information about the Aruba, Asante, Bay, Cisco, Dell, Enterasys different network devices. These agents have a Networks, Extreme Networks, Foundry Networks, very simple structure and usually only HP, Juniper, Net-SNMP, NetScreen, Nortel, Proxim, communicate in response to the requests of Sun, Synoptics , and Zyxel [9]. These devices variables contains in the MIB. provide hardware such as switch, and hub. The Gateway: A gateway stands for communicating integrated softwares are Perl, Mason, Net-SNMP, between networks that use different protocols, or PostgreSQL, Apache 1, GraphViz and MIBs [9]. which have the same protocols but do not otherwise communicate. Gateways integrate

V. PROPOSED WORK various data sources and create the appearance that all data resides in a single, logical relational In this paper, we propose a network database. management tool architecture that supports heterogeneous network management system in many different architectural platforms. The proposed system should meet the following requirements. Easy to use: to minimize the level of expert needed to manage the network. Easy to access: web-based architecture is the best way to achieve this issue. The network management tool should have a standardized set of FCAPS function objects. This is needed to eliminate the data inconsistency that can be resulted from different standards in different networks. Able to interpret between definitions in different Figure 7. Example of User Interface managed devices through a common

nomenclature. B. Process of proposed Integrated Network A. Architectural Components Management Tool

The proposed architecture is a collection of network The process of proposed network management management tools. The main components of this tool in this paper is as following. The local network

36 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2009 management system in each network gathers the Message Translator, Message Rebuilder and Message information needed about the devices, terminals, Dispatching Relay Agents. The information received software and users in that network using its own by the gateway from different networks would be protocols. The gathered data has to be sent to the processed as in Fig. 9. In proposed architecture, the Agents Interface in the Console part. The Agents in-coming data from agents of different types of Interface communicates with the agents and then networks such as GSM, ATM, LAN, and ISDN are stores those data in the MIB database. The translated in the gateway agent. The information in Management Functions combines the FCAPS the gateway agent is translated from actual to generic functions (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, or vice versa. The functions of those elements are as Performance, and Security), which can be accessed follows: by users through the User Interface. The user interface (UI) is a web-based interface that visualizes Common Information Model (CIM): This is and shows the attached networks management an object oriented information model for information. In this architecture, agents on different specifying management information in a way networks interact with a gateway to communicate that is independent of applications, platforms, with any other agents. Networks such as LAN, GSM, protocols and implementations. CIM defines a ATM, and ISDN are local networks and each one has way to exchange the data from any source and its own network management systems. Through network. The data represented using CIM can gateway agent, each local network has an agent and be understood and analyzed by any network they speak to gateway which leads to centralized management tools or applications that control with distributed management. A conceptual understand CIM. The heterogeneous networks view of the proposed architecture is shown in Fig. 8. can make correlations between information coming from different locations in the network

Extensible Markup Language: The Desktop Console Management Task Force (DMTF) recently advanced the CIM encoding to standard User Interface Extensible Markup Language (XML). In order Management Functions to interoperate with each other for applications, it is necessary to represent actual management Agents Interface data in a standard way. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language for MIB representing information in a standard format in Local NMS order to make heterogeneous platforms and applications interoperate with each other. ISDN Gateway Local NMS LAN CIM operation over HTTP: This concept stands for mapping of CIM operations onto the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). All Local NMS management functions can be accessed by users through the User Interface, which is a web ATM Local NMS GSM based interface that visualize and show the attached networks management information.

Figure 8. The Conceptual View of the Proposed Network Gateway: A gateway which also described in Management Tool Architecture the last section stands for communicating between two networks that use different protocols, or which have the same protocols but C. Proposed Network Management Tool do not otherwise communicate. Gateways Requirements integrate various data sources and create the appearance that all data resides in a single, There are four elements involved in the proposed logical relational database. It is a combination management environment, as shown in Table 3. of hardware and software that translates The block diagram of a gateway application is between two different protocols and acts as the shown in Fig. 9. It consists of five components: connection point to the Internet. Message Accepting Rely Agents, Message Extractor,

37 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2009 Heterogeneous Message Message Same Message Message Extractor Extractor Translator Rebuilder

Message Accepting Message Dispatching Relay Agent Relay Agent Homogeneous

Figure 9. Block Diagram of the Gateway Application

zigbee, and ethernet networks like local area networks LAN are integerated in this experimental work. The widespread of TABLE III. REQUIREMENTS OF MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT the multi radio transmission mode wireless devices which are Requirements Application able to connect to a cellular base station CBS, and to a wireless access point WAP makes the daily used network an Data description Common Information Model integration of different networks using different technologies. (CIM) Much architecture has been proposed to integrate the wireless lTransport Encoding Gateway triangle [12]: Cellular, WLAN, and Mobile Ad Hoc networks. The proposed architecture consists of the following basic Representing Extensible Markup Language components (which are also summarized in Table 4): information

Operations to Hyper Text Transfer Protocol -Mobile nodes: contains all the nodes that are free to move, manipulate the data (HTTP) which could be consist of the following:

3G Cellular phones that support WiFi, and GPS. The

VI. IMPLEMENTATION cellular phones will represent the dual mode nodes; Dual We have developed an initial system prototype to proof of mode nodes have two applicability, they are MANETs the proposed architecture and experimental development. The mobile nodes and mobile gateway at the same time. prototype gives us a practical environment to evaluate and Internet access to MANET nodes is provided through demonstrate our proposed framework in actual wireless IP networks. This prototype employs off-the-shelf fixed/mobile mobile gateways. The concept of mobile gateways is equipments and also, standardized interfaces to ensure presented in [13]. interoperability with existing network and systems for WLAN and Cellular network. Different battery life time is pervasive applications. The ad hoc network in this placed in each node. heterogeneous architecture incorporates on of the well-known Laptops with WiFi and various battery life times. MANET Reactive Protocols called AODV which is running on top of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN in ad hoc made to support -Fixed nodes: nodes are connected to fixed infrastructure, multi-hop wireless communications. AODV-UU from Uppsala which is LAN (IP network) or to a cellular fixed infrastructure University is deployed as a user-space daemon that alters the in case of CBS: like Pc connected to LAN kernel routing table dynamically as per the ever changing topology, and provides Internet connectivity through gateway Fixed Internet Gateway (IG): IG works as an interface support with tunnels [10]. between two or more networks of different types. In this architecture, there will be one fixed gateway, and one of the cellular phones will act as the mobile gateway. Both A. EXPERIMENTAL TESTBED AND EXPERIMENTS gateways have dual interfaces. We have developed an experimental work (Fig. 10) in our Cellular Base Station (CBS): in this architecture laboratory for performance evaluation of proposed assumption is that the coverage of the cellular base station architecture. Two main focuses in this experimental work are is larger than the wireless access points used in WLANs feasibility and usability. Without any infrastructure, using at all times. This scenario uses only one CBS that covers diverse terminal types (laptops, PDAs, and mobile phones) we area with 10km radios. This CBS is connected to a central were able to self-organize and form a community of group CBS; this connection does not exist in Fig. 10. and/ private communications. Three Wireless Access Point (WAP): IEEE 802.11 access Various wireless platforms, namely Mobile Ad Hoc points with 100m radios coverage. networks (MANET), Cellular networks (2G, 2.5G, 3G)[11], Wireless Local Area Networks WLANs (WiFi), Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) like Bluetooth technology,

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TABLE IV. HETEREGENOUS NETWORK ARCHITECTURAL VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK COMPONENTS Diversity and complexity are the titles of the coming Number Device Single Specifications communication technologies. This situation caused by the of mode/ increased production of the communication devices and nodes dual systems without laying on one standardized concepts or mode common language. Most of the systems and devices nowadays

concern on heterogeneous networks. That raised the intensive 6 cellular Dual 3G, movement mode speed 0m/S- need to find one station to control and manage those networks, cellular 20m/s , random since controlling them separately brings a lot of difficulties le Nodes le and directions and inconsistency. To conclude, we proposed network WLAN management tool architecture for managing heterogeneous Mobi networks with a web-based interface. The architecture is 5 laptop Single movement being currently designed for implementation to meet the mode speed 0m/S- criteria as for IS&NM, which are easy to use, easy to access, WLAN 20m/s , random and capable of interpreting different devices. To proof the directions proposed NM Tool we have developed a Testbed in our The result is an “Integrated Network Management 1 PC LAN Pentium III laboratory. Tool” targeting to enhance our future living environments. 1 Internet Dual The initial implementations demonstrate that proposed Gatewa mode network management architecture provides a solid foundation y IG for developing future network management tools. Our future

work will be providing QoS to this architecture. We anticipate 1 Cellular Single 10km radios that this will enable supporting many services and applications Base mode : coverage in heterogeneous networks such as multimedia applications. Station cellular (CBS)

Fixed Nodes Fixed 3 Wireles Single 100m radios ACKNOWLEDGMENT s mode : coverage, IEEE Access WLAN 802.11 This research is funded by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Point (UKM) research projects UKM-GUP-NBT-08-29-116. The (WAP) research group is known as Network Management Group. Please visit our website at http://www.ftsm.ukm.my/network for detail. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors.

REFERENCES Cellular coverage area [1] A. Gorod, R. Gove, B. Sauser, and J. Boardman, “System of LAN : A Network Management Approach”, Proceedings of the IEEE System of Systems Engineering, SoSE '07. DM Pc IG IEEE International Conference on Year of Publication: 2007 ISBN: 1-4244-1160-2. WAP SM CBS [2] IETF SNMP Extensions working group, Karl Auerbach, Epilogue WAP Technology K. Ramesh Babu etc., www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1157.txt DM DM ,last Data of Access Nov,2009s SM DM WAP DM SM SM DM [3] Information about the current status of Simple Network SM Management Protocol (SNMP) Version 3. Wireless www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/projects/snmpv3/ , last Data of Access Hot spots Nov,2009 CMS: cellular Mobile Station LAN: Local Area Network infrastructure Computer Networks th WAP: Wireless Access Point [4] A. Tanenbaum, , 4 edition, New Jersey, USA, DM: Dual Mode Node Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-038488-7, 2003. SM: Single Mode Node IG: internet Gateway [5] D. P. Griffin, A TMN system for VPC and routing management in ATM networks, Proceedings of the fourth international symposium Figure 10. Heterogeneous Network Testbed on Integrated network management IV Elsevier Science, (Pages: 356 - 369 Year of Publication: 1995 ,ISBN:0-412-71570-8)

39 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2009 [6] Klerer, S.M., The OSI management architecture: an overview, IEEE, Volume: 2, Issue: 2 , page(s): 20-29, Mar 1988, ISSN: 0890-8044 Shima Mohseni was born 1984 in Iran. She received her [7] P. H Gross and N. Mercouroff. Integrated Network and Service B.Sc. in computer science and Engineering from the Management for Mobile Networks, http://www1.alcatel- Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, Iran in 2005. She lucent.com/, last Data of Access Nov,2009 is presently a M.Sc. student in the Information Technology department from faculty of Computer [8] M. A. Baouer, P.J. Finnigan, J. W. Hong, J. Pachl and T. J. Teorey, Science at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Also, she An Integrated Distributed Systems Management Architecture, was working as research assistant with “network Proceedings of the Conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies management tool group” in 2009. Her fields of interest include computer on Collaborative Research, Software Engineering, (Volume 1, networking, mobile computing and QoS routing. She can be connected at Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Pages 27-40, 1993). [email protected]

[9] Netdisco (Network Discovery and Management) http://www.netdisco.org/, last Data of Access Nov,2009 Zahian Ismail is a postgraduate student born in Malaysia. Her bachelor degree was in Computer [10] E. Wedlund and C. Tschudin , “MANET Internet Connectivity Science and recently furthering her study in the same with Half Tunnels”, presented at SNCNW, Arlandastad, 2003. area at Faculty of Information Science and Technology in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. She is a member of [11] Mohammed F. Al-Hunaity, salam A. Najim, Ibrahiem M. El- Network Management research group at her faculty. Emary, Acomparative Study Between Various Protocols Of Manet Her field of interest includes mobile ad hoc network, Networks, American Journal of applied sciences, Volume 4 (9), network communication, and QoS routing. pages 663-665, 2007,ISSN1546-9239.

[12] Aymans Mansour Murad, Bassam Al-Mahadeen, Adding Quality

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Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET),

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[13] H. Ammari and H. El-Rewini, “Integration of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and the Internet Using Mobile Gateways,” Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Algorithms for Wireless, Mobile, Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (WMAN04), Santa Fee, New Mexico, USA, April 26-30, 2004.

AUTHORS PROFILE

Dr Rosilah Hassan was born in Malaysia. She received her first degree from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea in Electronic Engineering (1996). She work as an Engineer with Samsung Electronics Malaysia, Seremban before joining Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in 1997. She obtains her Master of Electrical Engineering (M.E.E) in Computer and Communication from UKM in 1999. In late 2003 she went to Glasgow, Scotland for her PhD. She received her PhD in Mobile Communication from University of Strathclyde in 2008. Her research interest is in mobile communication, networking, 3G, and QoS. She is a senior lecturer at UKM for more than 10 years

Dr Rozilawati Razali received her BSc. in Software Engineering from Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom in 1997. Prior to joining Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in 2003, she used to work in industry for about 6 years as a Software Engineer. She obtained her MSc. From Universiti Teknologi Mara in 2002 and PhD in Computer Science from University of Southampton, United Kingdom in 2008. Her research interests include software metrics, and empirical software engineering.

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