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Efforts on Marine Debris in the Oceans and Great Lakes Hearing Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation United States

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Efforts on Marine Debris in the Oceans and Great Lakes Hearing Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation United States S. HRG. 115–225 EFFORTS ON MARINE DEBRIS IN THE OCEANS AND GREAT LAKES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OCEANS, ATMOSPHERE, FISHERIES, AND COAST GUARD OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JULY 25, 2017 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( Available online: http://www.govinfo.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 29–978 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:27 Jun 05, 2018 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\29978.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JOHN THUNE, South Dakota, Chairman ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi BILL NELSON, Florida, Ranking ROY BLUNT, Missouri MARIA CANTWELL, Washington TED CRUZ, Texas AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota DEB FISCHER, Nebraska RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut JERRY MORAN, Kansas BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts DEAN HELLER, Nevada CORY BOOKER, New Jersey JAMES INHOFE, Oklahoma TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah GARY PETERS, Michigan RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois CORY GARDNER, Colorado MAGGIE HASSAN, New Hampshire TODD YOUNG, Indiana CATHERINE CORTEZ MASTO, Nevada NICK ROSSI, Staff Director ADRIAN ARNAKIS, Deputy Staff Director JASON VAN BEEK, General Counsel KIM LIPSKY, Democratic Staff Director CHRIS DAY, Democratic Deputy Staff Director RENAE BLACK, Senior Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON OCEANS, ATMOSPHERE, FISHERIES, AND COAST GUARD DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska, Chairman GARY PETERS, Michigan, Ranking ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi MARIA CANTWELL, Washington DEB FISCHER, Nebraska RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut JAMES INHOFE, Oklahoma BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii MIKE LEE, Utah EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin CORY BOOKER, New Jersey CORY GARDNER, Colorado TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin TODD YOUNG, Indiana (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:27 Jun 05, 2018 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\29978.TXT JACKIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on July 25, 2017 ............................................................................... 1 Statement of Senator Sullivan ............................................................................... 1 Prepared statement from the American Chemistry Council ......................... 30 Statement of Senator Peters ................................................................................... 3 Statement of Senator Inhofe ................................................................................... 18 Statement of Senator Booker .................................................................................. 20 Statement of Senator Schatz .................................................................................. 21 Statement of Senator Cantwell .............................................................................. 24 Statement of Senator Blumenthal .......................................................................... 27 Statement of Senator Markey ................................................................................. 28 WITNESSES Ambassador David A. Balton, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and Fisheries, U.S. Department of State ........................................................... 4 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 6 Nancy Wallace, Director, Marine Debris Program, Office of Response and Restoration, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce ................................................ 8 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 10 Melissa B. Duhaime, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan ................................................... 32 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 33 Hon. Sheldon Whitehouse, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island ............................... 65 APPENDIX U.S. Coast Guard, prepared statement .................................................................. 71 Response to written questions submitted by Hon. Gary Peters to Melissa B. Duhaime, Ph.D. ............................................................................................... 72 (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:27 Jun 05, 2018 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\29978.TXT JACKIE VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:27 Jun 05, 2018 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\29978.TXT JACKIE EFFORTS ON MARINE DEBRIS IN THE OCEANS AND GREAT LAKES TUESDAY, JULY 25, 2017 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON OCEANS, ATMOSPHERE, FISHERIES, AND COAST GUARD, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:03 a.m. in room SR–253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Dan Sullivan, Chair- man of the Subcommittee, presiding. Present: Senators Sullivan [presiding], Fischer, Inhofe, Gardner, Young, Peters, Cantwell, Blumenthal, Schatz, Markey, and Booker. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. DAN SULLIVAN, U.S. SENATOR FROM ALASKA Senator SULLIVAN. The Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and the Coast Guard will now come to order. Good morning, everybody. I’d like to thank our witnesses for ap- pearing. We have two panels today of very distinguished witnesses. I also just want to mention at the outset that this is one of these issues I think a lot of times takes place in Washington, but you don’t get a lot of media attention because they are very bipartisan, and sometimes I think our media, whether here or back home, loves to focus on the conflict. But on a big issue that’s very impor- tant to the country that’s bipartisan, you get a little less attention maybe because there’s not so much conflict here. But, nevertheless, I want to thank my colleagues for being here. I particularly want to thank Senator Booker for his leadership on this issue. Hopefully, Senator Whitehouse is going to be joining us soon. But as all of you know, marine debris poses a significant threat to our natural areas, wildlife, shorelines across the United States, our fisheries, but also across the globe. Eight million metric tons of marine debris enters our oceans and Great Lakes every year. My state of Alaska, in particular, is impacted. We have 34,000 miles of coastline, larger than any other state, and as a matter of fact, larger than the rest of the coastline of the United States combined, and we are very negatively impacted by marine debris as ocean currents carry millions of tons of trash to our shores in Alaska. But it’s not just marine debris impacting the livelihood of the people of my state. It’s literally every state with a shoreline, wheth- er New Jersey or Hawaii or Michigan, in our country. What is par- ticularly troubling about the marine debris challenge and crisis— (1) VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:27 Jun 05, 2018 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 S:\GPO\DOCS\29978.TXT JACKIE 2 and we believe it’s absolutely a crisis—is that the majority of ma- rine debris in the world’s oceans come from five countries in Asia— China, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, and South Korea. So a few months ago, a bipartisan group of my Senate colleagues and I introduced the Save Our Seas Act, which takes steps to en- gage these countries, which is why it’s so important to have the State Department represented here, and also provide our Federal agencies with the resources they need to clean up our waters and prevent trash from becoming marine debris. It’s encouraging that Senators from both sides of the aisle are working together to introduce meaningful legislation to tackle the important issue of marine debris, and our bill has already been unanimously moved out of the Commerce Committee, and I believe we’re starting to look at the possibility of hot-lining it. The Save Our Seas Act encourages the administration and State Department to engage with the world’s leading trash producers and to take steps to address the impact of marine debris so that we can, to- gether, become better stewards of our environment, oceans, and waterways. Not only should we be helping other countries both with their waste management infrastructure, but we should also try to help facilitate the cultural change. As children in this country, we learn about recycling and are taught about respect for our environment and natural places, but this is not the case everywhere in the world, and I look forward to hearing from Ambassador Balton how we can help export this stewardship mentality to other nations. The Save Our Seas Act also reauthorizes NOAA’s important Ma- rine Debris Program, which is led by Ms. Wallace, our other wit- ness today. It has helped to clean debris on America’s shorelines and the Great Lakes since 2006. The Save Our Seas Act would also provide additional support to states in the event of severe marine debris events like the one we saw following the Fukushima tsu- nami. Last Congress, I had the opportunity to hold a hearing on this topic as Chairman of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee’s Subcommittee on Fisheries, Water, and Wildlife. And, again, I want to thank Senator Whitehouse for his leadership on that committee. Last year, he and I were
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