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A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS)
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2011 A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2 Chad Lee Davis University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Commons, Other Aerospace Engineering Commons, and the Space Vehicles Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Chad Lee, "A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/965 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Chad Lee Davis entitled "A Feasibility Study for Using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) Hardware for Meeting NASA’s Need for a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) to the International Space Station - [COTS]2." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Aerospace Engineering. -
Development of the Crew Dragon ECLSS
ICES-2020-333 Development of the Crew Dragon ECLSS Jason Silverman1, Andrew Irby2, and Theodore Agerton3 Space Exploration Technologies, Hawthorne, California, 90250 SpaceX designed the Crew Dragon spacecraft to be the safest ever flown and to restore the ability of the United States to launch astronauts. One of the key systems required for human flight is the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), which was designed to work in concert with the spacesuit and spacecraft. The tight coupling of many subsystems combined with an emphasis on simplicity and fault tolerance created unique challenges and opportunities for the design team. During the development of the crew ECLSS, the Dragon 1 cargo spacecraft flew with a simple ECLSS for animals, providing an opportunity for technology development and the early characterization of system-level behavior. As the ECLSS design matured a series of tests were conducted, including with humans in a prototype capsule in November 2016, the Demo-1 test flight to the ISS in March 2019, and human-in-the-loop ground testing in the Demo-2 capsule in January 2020 before the same vehicle performs a crewed test flight. This paper describes the design and operations of the ECLSS, the development process, and the lessons learned. Nomenclature AC = air conditioning AQM = air quality monitor AVV = active vent valve CCiCap = Commercial Crew Integrated Capability CCtCap = Commercial Crew Transportation Capability CFD = computational fluid dynamics conops = concept of operations COPV = composite overwrapped -
The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle
Order Code RL33568 The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Updated November 9, 2007 Carl E. Behrens Specialist in Energy Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Summary The International Space Station (ISS) program began in 1993, with Russia joining the United States, Europe, Japan, and Canada. Crews have occupied ISS on a 4-6 month rotating basis since November 2000. The U.S. Space Shuttle, which first flew in April 1981, has been the major vehicle taking crews and cargo back and forth to ISS, but the shuttle system has encountered difficulties since the Columbia disaster in 2003. Russian Soyuz spacecraft are also used to take crews to and from ISS, and Russian Progress spacecraft deliver cargo, but cannot return anything to Earth, since they are not designed to survive reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere. A Soyuz is always attached to the station as a lifeboat in case of an emergency. President Bush, prompted in part by the Columbia tragedy, made a major space policy address on January 14, 2004, directing NASA to focus its activities on returning humans to the Moon and someday sending them to Mars. Included in this “Vision for Space Exploration” is a plan to retire the space shuttle in 2010. The President said the United States would fulfill its commitments to its space station partners, but the details of how to accomplish that without the shuttle were not announced. The shuttle Discovery was launched on July 4, 2006, and returned safely to Earth on July 17. -
Final Report of the International Space Station Independent Safety
I Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................ 1 Principal Observations ..................................................................................... 3 Principal Recommendations ............................................................................. 3 1. Introduction..................................................................................................... 5 Charter/Scope ................................................................................................... 5 Approach........................................................................................................... 5 Report Organization ......................................................................................... 5 2. The International Space Station Program.................................................... 7 International Space Station Characteristics..................................................... 8 3. International Space Station Crosscutting Management Functions............ 12 Robust On-Orbit Systems.................................................................................. 12 The Design ........................................................................................................ 12 Verification Requirements ................................................................................ 12 Physical (Fit) Verification ................................................................................ 13 Multi-element Integrated Test.......................................................................... -
Glex-2021 – 6.1.1
Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX 2021), St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 14-18 June 2021. Copyright ©2021 by Christophe Bonnal (CNES). All rights reserved. GLEX-2021 – 6.1.1 Human spaceflight from Guiana Space Center Ch. Bonnal1* – J-M. Bahu1 – Ph. Berthe2 – J. Bertrand1 – Ch. Bonhomme1 – M. Caporicci2 J-F. Clervoy3 – N. Costedoat4 – E. Coletti5 – G. Collange5 – G. Debas5 – R. Delage6 – J. Droz5 E. Louaas1 – P. Marx8 – B. Muller6 – S. Perezzan1 – I. Quinquis5 – S. Sandrone7 D. Schmitt2 – V. Taponier1 1 CNES Launcher Directorate, Pairs, France – 2 ESA Human & Robotic Exploration Directorate, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands – 3 Astronaut Novespace, Paris, France – 4CNES Guiana Space Center, Kourou, France 5ArianeGroup, Les Mureaux, France – 6Airbus Defence & Space, Toulouse, France – 7Airbus Defence & Space, Bremen Germany – 8Consultant, Paris, France * Corresponding Author Abstract The use of Space has drastically evolved these last ten years. Tomorrow will see easier and cheaper access to Space, satellite servicing, in-orbit manufacturing, human private spaceflights to ever increasing number of Orbital Stations, road to the Moon, Asteroids, Mars. It seems fundamental to make sure we can rely on robust, reliable, frequent and affordable access to and from LEO with both automatic systems and human missions; such systems are the bricks with which all the future operations in Space will be built. Independent human access to space from Europe for our astronauts is a key to any future in Space. It has been studied in depth since the 80's with Hermes Spaceplane, then through numerous studies, pre- development activities, and demonstrations such as ARD, X38-CRV or IXV, which now allow Europe to reconsider such an endeavor with a much higher confidence. -
Thesisbook.Fm(Appendix
Appendix D THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION This appendix presents an review of the International Space Station Program and the facil- ities that are or will be available for research. First, the appendix reviews the objectives of the ISS and the identified research directions for the station. Next, it presents an overview of all the ISS components. That is followed by a more in depth review of the components which directly support research aboard the ISS. The appendix ends with a presentation of the identified challenges of the ISS and expected upgrades to the program to overcome these challenges. Chapter 2 utilizes this review to identify the most important resources provided by the ISS. D.1 Objectives and Research Directions The objectives of the ISS as stated in the ISS Familiarization Manual developed by NASA are: "The purpose of the ISS is to provide an “Earth orbiting facility that houses experiment payloads, distributes resource utilities, and supports permanent human habitation for conducting research and science experiments in a microgravity environment.” (ISSA IDR no. 1, Reference Guide, March 29, 1995) "This overall purpose leads directly into the following specific objectives of the ISS program: • Develop a world-class orbiting laboratory for conducting high-value sci- entific research 391 392 APPENDIX D • Provide access to microgravity resources as early as possible in the assembly sequence • Develop ability to live and work in space for extended periods • Develop effective international cooperation • Provide a testbed for developing 21st Century technology." [NASA, 1998] After creating these objectives, NASA worked to further detail the research objectives of the ISS. -
Unique Scientific Laboratory Instrument for Sky Monitoring (MVN) Bi-Axial Pointing Platform with Hyper-Spectrometer
Research Exploration Utilization Unique scientific laboratory Instrument for sky monitoring (MVN) Bi-axial pointing platform with hyper-spectrometer «Photon-Gamma» apparatus Radiometric sounder РК-21-8 Plasma-wave apparatus «Obstanovka» Plasma-wave apparatus «Obstanovka» Plasma-wave diagnostic device «Seysmoprognoz» High-speed data transmitter Multilayer scintillation spectrometer «Alpha-electron» MLM Mini Research Module (MRM1) • Universal workstations inside (16) and outside (13) will be mounted • Payload pressurized volume about 6 м3, power capability of 2,5 kW (enabling of experiments with electric furnaces) • ERA arm and automated airlock • New universal facilities and tools (multizone furnace, spectrophotometers, vibro-protecting and pointing platforms, glove box, thermostats etc.) Mini Research Module (MRM2) MLM PAYLOADS • MLM will support approximately 40% of the “Soyuz” spacecraft total amount of experiment planned for the ISS Mini Research Module (MRM2) RS “Zvezda“ service module (SM) Mini Research Module (MRM1) “Zarya” • Two scientific and power supply modules of “Progress” resupply vehicle about 15 kW each by 2015. This provides fully independent power supply of RS ISS • Data relay system based on «Luch» relay satellites (up to 300 Mbps). Multipurpose Laboratory • Starting from 2016 Russia plans also to use Module (MLM) АСUSOS МКС for experiments automatic spacecraft “OKA-T” maintained at the periodical docking with ISS. “Soyuz” spacecraft • In total, the plans call for 8 modules of the ISS RS by 2015, with total power capability of 30 kW Science Power Platform (SPP-2) and the payload pressurized volume about 40 “Soyuz” spacecraft Science Power Platform (SPP-1) cubic meters. Nodal module (NM) 102 “Soyuz” spacecraft >170 1998 ------ 2000 2001 --- 2003 --- 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 RS ISS assembling 1 stage 2 stage Pirs Zarya Zvezda MRM2 MRM1 MLM NM SPP-1 SPP-2 Russian crew quota – 3 5 6 16 18 8 45 About 130 unites of scientific 38 equipment of about ton total mass are housed on the ISS RS. -
Fachprogramme Raumfahrt
Fachprogramme Raumfahrt Aktualisierung 2002/2003 Raumfahrtmanagement Herausgeber: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Raumfahrtmanagement Königswinterer Str. 522 – 524 53227 Bonn-Oberkassel Fachprogramme Raumfahrt Aktualisierung 2002/2003 Gliederung TEIL 1 - ALLGEMEINE ASPEKTE 1. PROGRAMMRAHMEN UND -UMFELD .................................................................................... 5 2. STRUKTUR UND MITTELEINSATZ ........................................................................................... 6 TEIL 2 - FACHPROGRAMME EINFÜHRUNG................................................................................................................... 11 1. FACHPROGRAMM KOMMUNIKATION .................................................................................... 13 2. FACHPROGRAMM NAVIGATION .......................................................................................... 23 3. FACHPROGRAMM ERDBEOBACHTUNG .................................................................................. 31 4. FACHPROGRAMM ERFORSCHUNG DES WELTRAUMS................................................................. 43 5. FACHPROGRAMM FORSCHUNG UNTER WELTRAUMBEDINGUNGEN............................................... 55 6. FACHPROGRAMM RAUMSTATION ........................................................................................ 69 7. FACHPROGRAMM RAUMTRANSPORT .................................................................................... 79 8. FACHPROGRAMM TECHNIK FÜR RAUMFAHRTSYSTEME............................................................. -
The International Space Station Partners: Background and Current Status
The Space Congress® Proceedings 1998 (35th) Horizons Unlimited Apr 28th, 2:00 PM Paper Session I-B - The International Space Station Partners: Background and Current Status Daniel V. Jacobs Manager, Russian Integration, International Partners Office, International Space Station ogrPr am, NASA, JSC Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Jacobs, Daniel V., "Paper Session I-B - The International Space Station Partners: Background and Current Status" (1998). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 18. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1998-35th/april-28-1998/18 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: BACKGROUND AND CURRENT STATUS Daniel V. Jacobs Manager, Russian Integration, International Partners Office International Space Station Program, NASA Johnson Space Center Introduction The International Space Station, as the largest international civil program in history, features unprecedented technical, managerial, and international complexity. Seven interna- tional partners and participants encompassing fifteen countries are involved in the ISS. Each partner is designing, developing and will be operating separate pieces of hardware, to be inte- grated on-orbit into a single orbital station. Mission control centers, launch vehicles, astronauts/ cosmonauts, and support services will be provided by multiple partners, but functioning in a coordinated, integrated fashion. A number of major milestones have been accomplished to date, including the construction of major elements of flight hardware, the development of opera- tions and sustaining engineering centers, astronaut training, and seven Space Shuttle/Mir docking missions. -
International Space Station Overview
NASA Facts National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center IS-1999-06-ISS022 Houston, Texas 77058 International Space Station June 1999 The International Space Station: An Overview The International Space Station is the largest and most complex international scientific project in history. The station represents a move of unprecedented scale off the home planet that began in 1998 with the launch of the first two components, the Unity and Zarya modules. Led by the United States, the International Space Station draws upon the scientific and technological resources of 16 nations: Canada, Japan, Russia, 11 nations of the European Space Agency and Brazil. More than four times as large as the Russian Mir space station, the completed International Space Station will have a mass of about 1 million pounds. It will measure about 360 feet across and 290 feet long, with almost an acre of solar panels to provide electrical power to six state-of-the-art laboratories. The first two station modules, the Russian-launched Zarya control module and U.S.-launched Unity connecting module, were assembled in orbit in late 1998. The station is in an orbit with an altitude of 250 statute miles with an inclination of 51.6 degrees. This orbit allows the station to be reached by the launch vehicles of all the international partners to provide a robust capability for the delivery of crews and supplies. The orbit also provides excellent Earth observations with coverage of 85 percent of the globe and over flight Artist's concept of the completed International Space Station of 95 percent of the population. -
Evaluation of X-38 Crew Return Vehicle Input Control Devices in a Microgravity Environment
NASA/TM--2000-208925 Evaluation of X-38 Crew Return Vehicle Input Control Devices in a Microgravity Environment Kirsten Welge Alicia Moore Ruth Ann Pope Suzette Shivers Longview High School Longview, Texas December 2(X)0 The NASA STI Program Office ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated 'to * CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. part in helping NASA maintain this important role. * SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from NASA The NASA STI Program Office is operated by programs, projects, and missions, often Langley Research Center, the lead center for concerned with subjects having substantial NASA's scientific and technical information. The public interest. NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of * TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. aeronautical and space science STI in the world. English-language translations of foreign The Program Office is also NASA's institutional scientific and technical material pertinent to mechanism for disseminating the results of its NASA's mission. research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Specialized services that complement the STI Report Series, which includes the following Program Office's diverse offerings include report types: creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research * TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports results ... even providing videos. of completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of For more information about the NASA STI NASA programs and include extensive data or Program Office, see the following: theoretical analysis. -
The International Space Station: Legal Framework and Current Status, 64 J
Journal of Air Law and Commerce Volume 64 | Issue 4 Article 3 1999 The nI ternational Space Station: Legal Framework and Current Status Rochus Moenter Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc Recommended Citation Rochus Moenter, The International Space Station: Legal Framework and Current Status, 64 J. Air L. & Com. 1033 (1999) https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol64/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Air Law and Commerce by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CURRENT STATUS ROCHUS MOENTER I. THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION A. BACKGROUND AND CURRENT STATUS HE DEVELOPMENT and construction of an International Space Station (ISS) began with President Reagan's an- nouncement in 1984 that the United States of America intended to build a permanently inhabited civil space station in the earth's orbit, later labeled "Space Station Freedom."' In con- nection with the announcement, President Reagan invited other countries, in particular Canada, Europe and Japan, to partici- pate in the project. This invitation was subsequently accepted by several countries, including the members of the European Space Agency (ESA).2 Some of the countries accepting were Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, the United Kingdom, Canada through the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Govern- ment of Japan (GOJ). Many years of negotiations followed, mainly between NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and the re- spective national space agencies, regarding the construction, de- velopment and operation of an ISS.