DOCSLIB.ORG

The China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway Project 26.09.2017-02.10.2017 • No: 131 7 THE CHINA-KYRGYZSTAN-UZBEKISTAN RAILWAY PROJECT: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS The China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan (CKU) delays in the implementation of the CKU rail- in 2006, $4.5 billion in 2012, and $6.5 billion railway project aimed to link Beijing with Cen- way project. in 2013. Since Kyrgyzstan was not able to tral Asia is among China’s main transportation In 2010-2011, the Kyrgyz side tried to resume cover the construction costs, the government policy priorities in the region. The CKU pro- talks on the CKU project with China. In fact, was considering permitting China to lease the ject, which has been on the agenda since the the issue was discussed during the visits of the new railway line, as well as the gold ore, alu- mid-1990s, is also of great importance for Kyrgyz high-ranking officials such as acting minum and iron deposits for 47 years in return China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Under the Foreign Minister of Kyrgyzstan Ruslan Kazak- for fully funding the construction of the CKU project, the railway would start in Kashghar in bayev, First Deputy Prime Minister of Kyrgyz- railway’s Kyrgyz section. However, the related China’s western Xinjiang Uyghur Autono- stan Omurbek Babanov and Prime Minister of debates caused a negative public reaction in the mous Region (XUAR) and run through the Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev, who vis- country. From the political perspective, it is China-Kyrgyzstan border via the Irkeshtam ited Beijing on August 25-29, 2010, April 6-9, worth noting that other regional actors ham- pass and Kyrgyzstan’s Kara-Suu to Uzbeki- 2011 and September 14-16, 2011, respectively. pered the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan rail- stan’s Andijan in the Ferghana Valley. Moreo- As a result, on April 17, 2012, an agreement on way project construction. For example, during ver, there is a possibility that the railway could the CKU railway project was signed between the CSTO Summit in Bishkek held in May be extended further to reach Iran’s territory. the Ministry of Transport and Communications 2013, Russia proposed the construction of the The project will create conditions for reliable of Kyrgyzstan and the China Road and Bridge Russia-Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan cargo traffic via Central Asia and Western Company (CRBC). According to the agree- (RKKT) railway project, which could be con- China, especially the XUAR, becoming an im- ment, the Chinese company was required to sidered as an alternative to the CKU railway portant element of goods transportation from prepare a feasibility study report within the project. In fact, at that time President Atamba- China to Central Asia, West Asia, North Af- one-year period and submit its proposals to the yev recognized that the RKKT railway project rica, and even Southern Europe. Kyrgyz government in the first quarter of 2013. was more suitable for Kyrgyzstan than the The CKU railway project was first officially In this context, on May 4, 2012, the working CKU project. proposed in 1997 during the Transport Corri- committee and the China-Kyrgyzstan expert However, the further development of China’s dor Europe-Caucasus-Asia conference in Paris. group on the project held a joint meeting in Belt and Road Initiative, which has been on the The idea was to interconnect the railway net- Beijing. The representatives of the Ministry of agenda since 2013, along with the negative ef- works of China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Commerce, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Min- fects of the financial crisis in Russia on the and receive access to commercial maritime istry of Railways, Export-Import Bank, State Kyrgyz economy that still suffers from struc- routes through the railway networks of Af- Development Bank and other institutions at- tural weaknesses, compels Kyrgyzstan to in- ghanistan, Iran, Turkey and Europe. Consider- tended this event from the Chinese side, while crease the level of China’s investment. Under ing the importance of the railway connectivity the Kyrgyz side was represented by the Minis- these circumstances, the China-Kyrgyzstan improvement, the authorities of China, Kyr- try of Transport and Communications, Minis- talks on the issue of the CKU railway project gyzstan and Uzbekistan held a trilateral meet- try of Finance and other governmental bodies. have been put back on the agenda. For instance, ing in Bishkek on November 5, 1997, during On June 5, 2012, Chinese President Hu Jintao in May-June 2016, the trilateral consultations which the parties agreed to establish a joint and his Kyrgyz counterpart Almazbek At- between China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan on working committee and expert group on the ambayev, who had arrived to Beijing to partic- the project were held in Beijing. Moreover, the CKU railway project. As a result of the meet- ipate in the Shanghai Cooperation Organiza- September 2016 change of leadership in Uz- ing, a memorandum of understanding on the tion Summit, also discussed, among other is- bekistan and Tashkent’s efforts to improve re- joint project implementation was signed be- sues, the CKU railway project development. lations with China and the Central Asian coun- tween the Ministry of Railways of China, Min- However, despite those promising develop- tries have had a positive impact on the prospect istry of Transport and Communications of Kyr- ments, on April 19, 2013, Prime Minister of of the CKU railway project’s implementation. gyzstan and Ministry of Transport of Uzbeki- Kyrgyzstan Zhantoro Satybaldiyev announced As a result, on December 19-20, 2016, China, stan providing an opportunity for further inter- that the Kyrgyz government would not accept Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan continued the tri- state consultations. After the launch of the the feasibility study report prepared by the lateral talks on the project in Bishkek. Finally, China-Kyrgyzstan talks on the project in 2000, CRBC and submitted on March 14, 2013. Kyrgyz President Almazbek Atambayev and the Chinese side allocated 20 million yuan Moreover, during his speech at a press confer- his Uzbek counterpart Shavkat Mirziyoyev dis- (about $3.012 million) for a feasibility study of ence after the Collective Security Treaty Or- cussed the issue in Bishkek on September 5, Kyrgyzstan’s section of the railway. On Febru- ganization (CSTO) Summit held in Bishkek in 2017. ary 5, 2001, the Kyrgyz government proposed May 2013, President of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek To conclude, the CKU railway that could give building the Balykchy-Jalalabad-Torugart- Atambayev stated that the railroad would not the landlocked countries access to international Kashghar railway route as part of the CKU rail- be beneficial for Kyrgyzstan and Bishkek land and maritime transport lines has the po- way project. should refrain from participating in it. tential to carry 15-20 million tons of cargo per However, both the Tulip Revolution, which led There is a number of economic and political year via Kyrgyzstan. Cargo transit fees would to President Askar Akayev’s ouster in April reasons for Kyrgyzstan to postpone consulta- definitely contribute to the economic develop- ment of the country. The CKU railway project 2005, and the Andijan incident of May 2005 in tions on the launch of the China-led CKU rail- could not only bring benefits for the countries Uzbekistan had a negative impact on the CKU way project. From the economic perspective, along the route but could also promote the de- railway project development. Despite these ad- due to the difficulties experienced by the Kyr- gyz economy over the past years, Kyrgyzstan velopment of the regional and global markets. verse circumstances, in 2006, the Chinese gov- From this point of view, it is highly probable ernment reaffirmed its intention to complete could not meet its financial liabilities to cover the construction of the Kyrgyz section, most of that the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway China’s section of the railway within the project will be built in the near future. framework of the 11th Five-Year Development which should pass through the Tian Shan Plan. However, the April 2010 ouster of Presi- Mountains. This will significantly increase the dent Kurmanbek Bakiyev and the subsequent estimated cost of the project, which already in- clashes between ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in creased from $900 million in 1997 to $1.34 bil- southern Kyrgyzstan have resulted in further lion in 2001 with a further growth to $2 billion Written by Omirbek Hanayi, Eurasian Research Institute, Kazakhstan the area to hold tactical and special ex- Politics, Foreign Affairs and Security The Asian Development Bank (ADB) ercises. has approved a business plan for opera- . During his official visit to Ankara, Pres- Economy, Finance and Energy tions in Azerbaijan in 2018-2020. It was ident of Russia Vladimir Putin agreed noted that the estimated cost of the ADB with his Turkish counterpart Recep According to the Energy Market Regu- lending program for three years was set Tayyip Erdogan to take coordinated latory Authority of Turkey, Azerbaijan at $1.6 billion. The ADB’s funds will be steps for setting up and monitoring a exported about 3.94 billion cubic meters used for water, transport, energy pro- combat-free zone in Syria, while reaf- of gas to Turkey in January-July 2017, jects and public-sector management as compared to 3.8 billion cubic meters firming a commitment to build the projects. Turkish Stream gas pipeline and Tur- in the same period of 2016. It was also President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mir- key’s first nuclear power plant. The noted that Turkey imported 31.92 bil- ziyoyev signed a decree on measures to sides also agreed to continue lifting mu- lion cubic meters of gas in January-July further streamline Uzbekistan’s foreign tual trade, economic and investment 2017, 26.01 billion cubic meters of economic activity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Central Asia in a Reconnecting Eurasia Kyrgyzstan’S Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Interests
    JUNE 2015 1616 Rhode Island Avenue NW Washington, DC 20036 202-887-0200 | www.csis.org Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 4501 Forbes Boulevard Lanham, MD 20706 301- 459- 3366 | www.rowman.com Central Asia in a Reconnecting Eurasia Kyrgyzstan’s Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Interests AUTHORS Andrew C. Kuchins Jeffrey Mankoff Oliver Backes A Report of the CSIS Russia and Eurasia Program ISBN 978-1-4422-4100-8 Ë|xHSLEOCy241008z v*:+:!:+:! Cover photo: Labusova Olga, Shutterstock.com. Blank Central Asia in a Reconnecting Eurasia Kyrgyzstan’s Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Interests AUTHORS Andrew C. Kuchins Jeffrey Mankoff Oliver Backes A Report of the CSIS Rus sia and Eurasia Program June 2015 Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 594-61689_ch00_3P.indd 1 5/7/15 10:33 AM hn hk io il sy SY eh ek About CSIS hn hk io il sy SY eh ek For over 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has worked to hn hk io il sy SY eh ek develop solutions to the world’s greatest policy challenges. ­Today, CSIS scholars are hn hk io il sy SY eh ek providing strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart hn hk io il sy SY eh ek a course toward a better world. hn hk io il sy SY eh ek CSIS is a nonprofit or ga ni za tion headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 full- time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analy sis and hn hk io il sy SY eh ek develop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Nodes and Regional Interactions in Southern Eurasia
    MARLENE Laruelle STRATEGIC editor NODES Central Asia Program REGIONAL Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies and INTERACTIONS Elliott School of International SOUTHERN A airs The George Washington University in EURASIA STRATEGIC NODES AND REGIONAL INTERACTIONS IN SOUTHERN EURASIA Marlene Laruelle, editor Washington, D.C.: The George Washington University, Central Asia Program, 2017 www.centralasiaprogram.org The volume provides academics and policy makers with an introduction to current trends in Southern Eurasia. At the collapse of the Soviet Union, Western pundits celebrated the dramatic reshaping of regional interactions in Southern Eurasia to come, with the hope of seeing Russia lose its influence and be bypassed by growing cooperation between the states of the South Caucasus and Central Asia, as well as the arrival of new external powers. This hope has partially failed to come to fruition, as regional cooperation between the South Caucasus and Central Asia never started up, and cooperation within these regions has been hampered by several sovereignty-related and competition issues. However, a quarter of century after the disappearance of the Soviet Union, strategic nodes in Southern Eurasia have indeed deeply evolved. Some bottom-up dynamics seem to have taken shape and the massive involvement of China has been changing the long-accepted conditions in the wider region. Islamic finance has also emerged, while external actors such as Turkey, Iran, the Gulf countries and Pakistan have progressively structured their engagement with both Central Asia and South Caucasus. Another key node is centered in and around Mongolia, whose economic boom and strategic readjustments may help to shape the future of Northeast Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • India-Kyrgyz Republic Bilateral Relations
    India-Kyrgyz Republic bilateral relations Historically, India has had close contacts with Central Asia, especially countries which were part of the Ancient Silk Route, including Kyrgyzstan. During the Soviet era, India and the then Kyrgyz Republic had limited political, economic and cultural contacts. Former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi visited Bishkek and Issyk-Kul Lake in 1985. Since the independence of Kyrgyz Republic on 31st August, 1991, India was among the first to establish diplomatic relations on 18 March 1992; the resident Mission of India was set up on 23 May 1994. Political relations Political ties with the Kyrgyz Republic have been traditionally warm and friendly. Kyrgyzstan also supports India’s bid for permanent seat at UNSC and India’s full membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Both countries share common concerns on threat of terrorism, extremism and drug–trafficking. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, the two countries have signed several framework agreements, including on Culture, Trade and Economic Cooperation, Civil Aviation, Investment Promotion and Protection, Avoidance of Double Taxation, Consular Convention etc. At the institutional level, the 8th round of Foreign Office Consultation was held in Bishkek on 27 April 2016. The Indian delegation was led by Ms. Sujata Mehta, Secretary (West) and Kyrgyz side was headed by Mr. Azamat Usenov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. An Indo-Kyrgyz Joint Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technological Cooperation was set up in 1992. The 8th Session of India-Kyrgyz Inter- Governmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technological Cooperation was held in Bishkek on 28 November 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Kyrgyzstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
    Kyrgyzstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs August 30, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov 97-690 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Kyrgyzstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests Summary Kyrgyzstan is a small and poor Central Asian country that gained independence in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union. The United States has been interested in helping Kyrgyzstan to enhance its sovereignty and territorial integrity, bolster economic reform and development, strengthen human rights, prevent weapons proliferation, and more effectively combat transnational terrorism and trafficking in persons and narcotics. Special attention long has been placed on bolstering civil society and democratization in what has appeared to be the most receptive—but still challenging—political and social environment in Central Asia. The significance of Kyrgyzstan to the United States increased after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States. Kyrgyzstan offered to host U.S. forces at an airbase at the Manas international airport outside of the capital, Bishkek, and it opened in December 2001. The U.S. military repaired and later upgraded the air field for aerial refueling, airlift and airdrop, medical evacuation, and support for U.S. and coalition personnel and cargo transiting in and out of Afghanistan. The Kyrgyz government threatened to close down the airbase in early 2009, but renewed the lease on the airbase (renamed the Manas Transit Center) in June 2009 after the United States agreed to higher lease and other payments. President Almazbek Atambayev and the legislature have stated that the basing agreement will not be renewed when it expires in 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S
    Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs September 19, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33458 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests Summary U.S. policy toward the Central Asian states has aimed at facilitating their cooperation with U.S. and NATO stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and their efforts to combat terrorism; proliferation; and trafficking in arms, drugs, and persons. Other U.S. objectives have included promoting free markets, democratization, human rights, energy development, and the forging of East-West and Central Asia-South Asia trade links. Such policies aim to help the states become what various U.S. administrations have considered to be responsible members of the international community rather than to degenerate into xenophobic, extremist, and anti-Western regimes that contribute to wider regional conflict and instability. Soon after the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, all the Central Asian “front-line” states offered over-flight and other support for coalition anti-terrorism operations in Afghanistan. Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan hosted coalition troops and provided access to airbases. In 2003, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan also endorsed coalition military action in Iraq. About two dozen Kazakhstani troops served in Iraq until late 2008. Uzbekistan rescinded U.S. basing rights in 2005 after the United States criticized the reported killing of civilians in the town of Andijon. In early 2009, Kyrgyzstan ordered a U.S. base in that country to close, allegedly because of Russian inducements and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • BA Country Report of Kyrgyzstan Part 1 Macro Level
    Informal Governance and Corruption – Transcending the Principal Agent and Collective Action Paradigms Kyrgyzstan Country Report Part 1 Macro Level Aksana Ismailbekova | July 2018 Basel Institute on Governance Steinenring 60 | 4051 Basel, Switzerland | +41 61 205 55 11 [email protected] | www.baselgovernance.org BASEL INSTITUTE ON GOVERNANCE This research has been funded by the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID) and the British Academy through the British Academy/DFID Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme. However, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the British Academy or DFID. Dr Aksana Ismailbekova, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Advokatenweg 36 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany, [email protected] 1 BASEL INSTITUTE ON GOVERNANCE Table of contents Abstract 3 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Informal Governance and Corruption: Rationale and project background 4 1.2 Informal governance in Kyrgyzstan 4 1.3 Conceptual approach 6 1.4 Research design and methods 6 2 Informal governance and the lineage associations: 1991–2005 7 2.1 Askar Akaev and the transition to Post-Soviet governance regime 7 2.2 Co-optation: Political family networks 8 2.3 Control: social sanctions, demonstrative punishment and selective law enforcement 11 2.4 Camouflage: the illusion of inclusive democracy and charitable contributions 13 2.5 The Tulip Revolution and the collapse of the Akaev networks 13 3 Epoch of Bakiev from 2005–2010 14 3.1 Network re-accommodation in the aftermath of the Tulip Revolution
    [Show full text]
  • Bir Duino Kyrgyzstan on the Kyrgyz Republic's Compliance with The
    ADC “Memorial” Bir Duino Kyrgyzstan On the Kyrgyz Republic’s Compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Alternative Report of ADC “Memorial” and the Human Rights Movement: Bir Duino Kyrgyzstan for the 95th Session of UN CERD April 24 – May 11, 2018 Mugat children in Kyrgyzstan. Photo by ADC Memorial 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 1. An Ethnic Map of Kyrgyzstan: A Patchwork of Ethnicities in the North and Large Communities in the South………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 The Situation of the Mugat (Lyuli, Central Asian Roma)………………………………………….7 The Situation of Uzbeks in the South of Kyrgyzstan and the Problem of Overcoming the Ethnic Conflict of 2010…………………………………………………………………………………………..10 Biased Treatment of Uzbeks…………………………………………………………………….10 Difficulties Learning and Using the Uzbek Language…………………………………………11 Low Level of Representation in State Agencies, Difficulties Running Businesses……………13 Radicalization as a Result of Irrelevance in Social Life………………………………………..13 Inept Response from the Government to Hate Speech in the Media…………………………...15 The Problem of Justice in Respect of Uzbeks……………………………………………………15 The Case of Azimjan Askarov…………………………………………………………...17 The Failure to Restore Justice in Cases Concerning the Seizure of Businesses and Property: The Case of Gafurjan Dadajanov…………………………………………………….19 2. Implementation of Programs to Strengthen National Unity and Improve Ethnic Relations.……..20 Creating a “Common Civic Identity” Instead
    [Show full text]
  • Turkic Council Monthly News Bulletin March 2013
    Turkic Council Monthly News Bulletin March 2013 Prepared by Turkic Council Secretariat NEWS BULLETIN MARCH 2013 AZERBAIJAN Indonesian MPs sign appeal on recognition of Khojaly genocide March 2 (AzerTAc). Azerbaijan`s embassy to Indonesia, the world`s biggest NGO Nahdlatul Ulama and the University of Indonesia co organized a ceremony on the 21st anniversary of the Khojaly genocide with participation of the Islamic Conference Youth Forum for Dialogue and Cooperation. The event was attended by Indonesian parliament speaker Marzuki Ali and MPs, religious figures, scientists, professors, Azerbaijani Diaspora representatives and ambassadors from OIC member countries. The aim of the event is to commemorate victims of the Khojaly massacre and facilitate implementation of the resolution of the OIC Parliamentary Union adopted in January 2012 in the Indonesian city of Palembang, calling for recognition of the Khojaly genocide. Speakers including speaker Ali noted that Armenia occupied the Azerbaijani land of Nagorno-Karabakh and committed genocide in Khojaly. The appeal on recognition of the Khojaly Genocide to be presented to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was first signed by Mr. Ali. The appeal was signed by Chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama, Prof. Agil Sirac, over 30 MPs and others. It is expected to collect over 100 signatures. Average annual economic growth rates to make 5.1% in Azerbaijan March 4 (AzerTAc). “Average annual economic growth rate will make 5.1% in Azerbaijan in 2013-2017 including 8% in non-oil sector. In this period, the average annual inflation rate will make 4.4%,” Azerbaijani Minister of Economic Development Shahin Mustafayev said at the meeting with IMF mission head for Azerbaijan Raja Almarzoqi.
    [Show full text]
  • Mistakes and Lessons of the "Fifth" Power Transfer in Kyrgyzstan
    Mistakes and lessons of the "fifth" power transfer in Kyrgyzstan “If Atambayev weighs the whole course of events leading to an extremely unprofitable situation for him, he can identify for himself a few of his mistakes. For Jeenbekov, these errors by Atambayev can be relevant lessons at an early stage of his presidential term” – notes Emil Juraev, writing specially for CABAR.asia. Русский Кыргызча The fifth change of power Four others preceded the process of presidential transition from Almazbek Atambayev to Sooronbay Jeenbekov, and each case left important lessons – some were learned, some were half-forgotten. This fifth transition should be considered in a comparative manner with the previous ones; that is, as a regular process, the course traced its predecessors in many respects. The first case was in 1990-1991, when the last Soviet leader of Kyrgyzstan, Absamat Masaliev, resigned, in a rather peculiar combination of circumstances no less, to Askar Akayev, first in parliament and then via popular vote. The second example was in 2005, when Askar Akayev was overthrown in the “Tulip Revolution”, and the government passed under rather ambiguous events to Kurmanbek Bakiyev. The third instance of power transfer was in April 2010. Much like the second iteration, which was also extraordinary, an entire group of people temporarily replaced Bakiyev, who subsequently fled to Belarus. The newly- formed Provisional Government came under the chairmanship of Rosa Otunbayeva. Otunbayeva, later approved as president through a limited-term referendum, handed over power at the end of 2011. Elected in a national vote, the reigns of power were handed over to Almazbek Atambayev, marking a first for Kyrgyzstan and making the fourth case exceptionally unusual for the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Essay: China's New Defense White Paper
    Foreign Military Studies Office OE WATCH FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Special Essay: China’s New Defense White Paper The Diversified Employment of China’s Armed Forces: Have We Really Learned Anything? Vol. 3 Issue #7 July 2013 IN THIS ISSUE Click on a link below RUSSIA 31 Dissension in Daraa CHINA 3 Contracted Logistics: A Russian 32 The Post-Qusayr Stage 47 ‘Peace Ark’ Ahoy: Perspective on Military Outsourcing 47 The PLA’s Growing Focus on Military 9 How Turkish Protests Influence Russian AFRICA Diplomacy Demonstrations— on 12 June and Beyond 35 Forget Earlier Rebuke: Western Alliances 48 A PLA Cyber “Rules of the Road” Proposal 11 Moscow and Tehran’s Complex with Chad’s President to Fight Terrorism in 49 China Develops Another Top Partnership Mali Supercomputer But Claim They Have a 14 Chechens Fighting with Syrian 37 South African “NObama” Campaign to Long Way To Go Opposition? Protest U.S. Military and Foreign Policy 50 China’s Investment in the U.S. Goes 16 Red Star Symbol Returns 38 Tensions Rise in Mozambique Along Civil Beyond U.S. Treasuries 17 Reducing Tank Inventory War Lines 19 Prospects for Military Recruitment KOREA 21 War’s Unchanging Nature SOUTHEAST ASIA 51 Chinese View of North Korean WMD 23 Ukraine-China Military Collaboration 39 Indo-Pacific Asia - Food Security and “GMO” CENTRAL ASIA TURKEY 53 The Development of Uzbekistan’s Special 25 Protests Directed at Erdoğan’s LATIN AMERICA Forces Authoritarian Style 42 Peasant Reservations? 54 The Naval Capabilities of Kazakhstan’s 27 Al Nusra
    [Show full text]
  • Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst Vol 13, No 20
    Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst BI-WEEKLY BRIEFING VOL. 13 NO. 20 2 NOVEMBER 2011 Searchable Archives with over 1,500 articles at http://www.cacianalyst.org ANALYTICAL ARTICLES: FIELD REPORTS: NAGORNO-KARABAKH, THE WAR THAT NEVER ENDS AFTER RELEASE, TAJIK JOURNALISTS Stephen Blank SEEK EXONERATION Alexander Sodiqov KYRGYZSTAN’S PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: AZERBAIJAN IN THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL AS GOOD AS IT GETS IN CENTRAL ASIA Mina Muradova Erica Marat NAZARBAYEV SUPPORTS PUTIN’S EURASIAN VIKING RAILROAD CONNECTS UNION BUT REMAINS CAUTIOUS SCANDINAVIA WITH SOUTH CAUCASUS, Georgiy Voloshin CENTRAL ASIA, AND CHINA Nicklas Norling KOCHARYAN UNLIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN ARMENIAN ELECTIONS BEFORE 2018 Haroutiun Khachatrian FAILED NEGOTIATIONS SUGGEST RENEWED POLITICAL CONFRONTATION IN ARMENIA NEWS DIGEST Mikayel Zolyan Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst BI-WEEKLY BRIEFING VOL. 13 NO. 20 2 NOVEMBER 2011 Contents Analytical Articles NAGORNO-KARABAKH, THE WAR THAT NEVER ENDS 3 Stephen Blank KYRGYZSTAN’S PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: AS GOOD AS IT GETS IN CENTRAL ASIA 6 Erica Marat VIKING RAILROAD CONNECTS SCANDINAVIA WITH 9 SOUTH CAUCASUS, CENTRAL ASIA, AND CHINA Nicklas Norling FAILED NEGOTIATIONS SUGGEST RENEWED POLITICAL 12 CONFRONTATION IN ARMENIA Mikayel Zolyan Field Reports AFTER RELEASE, TAJIK JOURNALISTS SEEK EXONERATION 15 Alexander Sodiqov AZERBAIJAN IN THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL 16 Mina Muradova NAZARBAYEV SUPPORTS PUTIN’S EURASIAN UNION BUT REMAINS CAUTIOUS 18 Georgiy Voloshin KOCHARYAN UNLIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN 19 ARMENIAN ELECTIONS BEFORE 2018 Haroutiun Khachatrian News Digest 21 THE CENTRAL ASIA-CAUCASUS ANALYST Editor: Svante E. Cornell Associate Editor: Niklas Nilsson Assistant Editor, News Digest: Alima Bissenova Chairman, Editorial Board: S. Frederick Starr The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst is an English-language journal devoted to analysis of the current issues facing Central Asia and the Caucasus.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkic Council Monthly News Bulletin – May – June 2012 Prepared by Turkic Council Secretariat
    TURKIC COUNCIL MONTHLY NEWS BULLETIN – MAY – JUNE 2012 PREPARED BY TURKIC COUNCIL SECRETARIAT Azerbaijan “No one favors current status-quo in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict” May 16 (AzerTAc). No one favored the current status-quo in Nagorno- Karabakh conflict, the chairperson of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs Ileana Ros-Lehtinen said. Ros-Lehtinen underlined that Azerbaijan`s role is increasing in exploration, development and transportation of energy resources. She welcomed diversification of energy transportation, and stressed that Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline has become a main transportation route which supplies the world with fuel. “It creates opportunity for the country to diversify the energy sources and our allies to avoid some dependence. New routes such as Nabucco will contribute to increase the strategic importance of Azerbaijan”, Ros- Lehtinen stated. Ros-Lehtinen pointed out importance of expansion of economic and trade ties between the countries, and said that the third meeting within the framework of the US-Azerbaijan partnership held in Washington brought new initiatives to civil aviation. The Committee chairperson described Azerbaijan as a `significant` partner of the US in the fight against force and extremism, and highlighted that there is a close cooperation between the US and Azerbaijan not only in the fields of prevention of terrorist attacks, but also proliferation of biological and nuclear weapons. “We are satisfied particularly with the exercises conducted for the security of the Caspian Sea”. Ros-Lehtinen also expressed concern over the incidents occurred in the border areas with Nagorno- Karabakh. “Two Azerbaijani soldiers were killed tragically in the shooting. Use of force remains this prolonged conflict unsettled”, added Ros-Lehtinen.
    [Show full text]