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Außenpolitischer Bericht 2007 Jahrbuch Der Österreichischen Außenpolitik U2 U3:U2 U3.Qxd 30.07.2008 11:56 Seite 1
III-351-BR/2008 der Beilagen - Bericht - Hauptdokument 1 von 485 Außenpolitischer Bericht 2007 Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Außenpolitik U2_U3:U2_U3.qxd 30.07.2008 11:56 Seite 1 2 von 485 III-351-BR/2008 der Beilagen - Bericht - Hauptdokument Bundesministerium für europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten Minoritenplatz 8 A-1014 Wien Telefon: während der Bürozeiten an Werktagen in der Zeit von 9 bis 17 Uhr: 0 50 11 50-0 / int.: +43 50 11 50-0 kostenfreies Anrufservice: (0800) 234 888 (aus dem Ausland nicht wählbar) Fax: 0 50 11 59-0 / int.: +43 50 11 59-0 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bmeia.gv.at Bürgerservice: In dringenden Notfällen im Ausland ist das Bürgerservice rund um die Uhr erreichbar: Telefon: 0 50 11 50-4411 / int.: +43 50 11 50-4411 alternativ: (01) 90 115-4411 / int.: +43 1 90 115-4411 Fax: 0 50 11 59-4411 / int.: +43 50 11 59-4411 alternativ: 0 50 11 59-245 / int.: +43 1 50 11 59-245 E-Mail: [email protected] Die Möglichkeiten zur Hilfeleistung an ÖsterreicherInnen im Ausland sind auf der Homepage des Bundesministeriums für europäische und internatio- nale Angelegenheiten www.bmeia.gv.at unter dem Punkt „Bürgerservice“ ausführlich dargestellt. III-351-BR/2008 der Beilagen - Bericht - Hauptdokument 3 von 485 Vorwort Außenpolitischer Bericht 2007 Bericht der Bundesministerin für europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten I 4 von 485 III-351-BR/2008 der Beilagen - Bericht - Hauptdokument Vorwort Medieninhaber und Herausgeber: Bundesministerium für europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten Minoritenplatz 8, 1014 Wien Gesamtredaktion und Koordination: Ges. MMag. -
Central Asia in a Reconnecting Eurasia Kyrgyzstan’S Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Interests
JUNE 2015 1616 Rhode Island Avenue NW Washington, DC 20036 202-887-0200 | www.csis.org Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 4501 Forbes Boulevard Lanham, MD 20706 301- 459- 3366 | www.rowman.com Central Asia in a Reconnecting Eurasia Kyrgyzstan’s Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Interests AUTHORS Andrew C. Kuchins Jeffrey Mankoff Oliver Backes A Report of the CSIS Russia and Eurasia Program ISBN 978-1-4422-4100-8 Ë|xHSLEOCy241008z v*:+:!:+:! Cover photo: Labusova Olga, Shutterstock.com. Blank Central Asia in a Reconnecting Eurasia Kyrgyzstan’s Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Interests AUTHORS Andrew C. Kuchins Jeffrey Mankoff Oliver Backes A Report of the CSIS Rus sia and Eurasia Program June 2015 Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 594-61689_ch00_3P.indd 1 5/7/15 10:33 AM hn hk io il sy SY eh ek About CSIS hn hk io il sy SY eh ek For over 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has worked to hn hk io il sy SY eh ek develop solutions to the world’s greatest policy challenges. Today, CSIS scholars are hn hk io il sy SY eh ek providing strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart hn hk io il sy SY eh ek a course toward a better world. hn hk io il sy SY eh ek CSIS is a nonprofit or ga ni za tion headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 full- time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analy sis and hn hk io il sy SY eh ek develop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. -
President Addresses First Joint Session of New Kazakh Parliament
+5° / +1°C WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30, 2016 No 6 (96) www.astanatimes.com President Addresses First Exit Poll Says Nur Otan Joint Session of New Kazakh Wins Overwhelmingly as Parliament, Sets Priorities Mazhilis Retains Previous Makeup greens Birlik (Unity) grabbed mea- By Galiaskar Seitzhan ger 0.35 percent. This outcome is basically a virtual repetition of the ASTANA – President Nursultan previous parliamentary election in Nazarbayev-led Nur Otan Party January 2012, which ended with won 82 percent of the popular vote very similar results. in the parliamentary election in Turnout, however, proved strong- Kazakhstan, according to exit poll er this time setting a new record in results announced at midnight on the country’s electoral history and March 21. beating the result from four years The survey also showed the ruling ago when 75.45 percent of regis- party will be opposed by the same tered voters showed up at the polls. parties in the new convocation of Yulia Kuchinskaya, head of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev (at the speaking rostrum) addresses the first joint session of the Senate and the Mazhilis on March 25. the Mazhilis (the national legisla- Astana-based Institute of Democ- ture’s lower chamber) as it was the racy sociological survey company pro-business Ak zhol Democratic According to Kazakhstan’s Cen- niversary of independence with Nazarbayev recalled that the omy of Kazakhstan. Various social Party and leftist Communist Peo- tral Election Commission Chair- By Malika orazgaliyeva the newly elected parliament. 25th anniversary of Kazakhstan’s problems grow even in relatively ple’s Party again barely crossed the man (CEC) Kuandyk Turgankulov, Three parties and nine members independence coincided with a prosperous countries, he noted. -
Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West
Anja Mihr Editor Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West Studies on Transformation and Development in the OSCE Region Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West Anja Mihr Editor Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West Studies on Transformation and Development in the OSCE Region Editor Anja Mihr OSCE Academy in Bishkek Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan ISBN 978-3-030-77488-2 ISBN 978-3-030-77489-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribu- tion and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Natural Climatic Variations in the Holocene
Contents Forewords Rajendra K. Pachauri, Director-General of TERI, chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) V Achim Steiner, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Under-Secretary General of the United Nations VII Joy Ogwu, Permanent Representative of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to the United Nations in New York IX Stavros Dimas, European Commissioner for the Environment XI Dedication XII Acknowledgements XXI Permissions and Credits XXIV Prefaces 1 Facing Global Environment Change 3 Luc Gnacadja, Executive Secretary, Secretariat, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Facing Global Environment Change and Disaster Risk Reduction 9 Salvano Briceño, Director, Secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) Climate Change and Security: A Destablizing Fact of Life 11 Michael Zammit Cutajar. Former Executive Secretary, UNFCCC Honorary Ambassador for Climate Change, Malta Facing and Coping with Globalization: How Ten Years of WTO have Created an Agrarian Crisis in India 13 Vandana Shiva, recipient of the Right Livelihood Award (Alternate Nobel Price) in 1993 xiv Contents Part I Contextualization of Global Environmental Change 19 1 Introduction: Facing Global Environmental Change and Sectorialization of Security 21 Hans Günter Brauch 2 The International System, Great Powers, and Environmental Change since 1900 43 J.R. McNeill 3 The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Securing Interactions between Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being 53 Rik Leemans Part II Securitization of Global Environmental Change 63 4 Securitizing Global Environmental Change 65 Hans Günter Brauch 5 Natural Climatic Variations in the Holocene: Past Impacts on Cultural History, Human Welfare and Crisis 103 Wolf Dieter Blümel 6 Climate Change Impacts on the Environment and Civilization in the Near East 119 Arie S. -
Legislative Chambers: Unicameral Or Bicameral?
Legislative Chambers: Unicameral or Bicameral? Legislative Chambers: Unicameral or Bicameral? How many chambers a parliament should have is a controversial question in constitutional law. Having two legislative chambers grew out of the monarchy system in the UK and other European countries, where there was a need to represent both the aristocracy and the common man, and out of the federal system in the US. where individual states required representation. In recent years, unicameral systems, or those with one legislative chamber, were associated with authoritarian states. Although that perception does not currently hold true, there appears to be a general trend toward two chambers in emerging democracies, particularly in larger countries. Given historical, cultural and political factors, governments must decide whether one-chamber or two chambers better serve the needs of the country. Bicameral Chambers A bicameral legislature is composed of two-chambers, usually termed the lower house and upper house. The lower house is usually based proportionally on population with each member representing the same number of citizens in each district or region. The upper house varies more broadly in the way in which members are selected, including inheritance, appointment by various bodies and direct and indirect elections. Representation in the upper house can reflect political subdivisions, as is the case for the US Senate, German Bundesrat and Indian Rajya Sabha. Bicameral systems tend to occur in federal states, because of that system’s two-tiered power structure. Where subdivisions are drawn to coincide with other important societal units, the upper house can serve to represent ethnic, religious or tribal groupings, as in India or Ethiopia. -
Strategic Nodes and Regional Interactions in Southern Eurasia
MARLENE Laruelle STRATEGIC editor NODES Central Asia Program REGIONAL Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies and INTERACTIONS Elliott School of International SOUTHERN A airs The George Washington University in EURASIA STRATEGIC NODES AND REGIONAL INTERACTIONS IN SOUTHERN EURASIA Marlene Laruelle, editor Washington, D.C.: The George Washington University, Central Asia Program, 2017 www.centralasiaprogram.org The volume provides academics and policy makers with an introduction to current trends in Southern Eurasia. At the collapse of the Soviet Union, Western pundits celebrated the dramatic reshaping of regional interactions in Southern Eurasia to come, with the hope of seeing Russia lose its influence and be bypassed by growing cooperation between the states of the South Caucasus and Central Asia, as well as the arrival of new external powers. This hope has partially failed to come to fruition, as regional cooperation between the South Caucasus and Central Asia never started up, and cooperation within these regions has been hampered by several sovereignty-related and competition issues. However, a quarter of century after the disappearance of the Soviet Union, strategic nodes in Southern Eurasia have indeed deeply evolved. Some bottom-up dynamics seem to have taken shape and the massive involvement of China has been changing the long-accepted conditions in the wider region. Islamic finance has also emerged, while external actors such as Turkey, Iran, the Gulf countries and Pakistan have progressively structured their engagement with both Central Asia and South Caucasus. Another key node is centered in and around Mongolia, whose economic boom and strategic readjustments may help to shape the future of Northeast Asia. -
The Issue of Contemporary Separatism in Caucasus and Its Outcome on Georgia /Abkhazia/: New Approaches to Conflict Peaceful R
Giorgi Merabishvili, Ph.D. Sokhumi State University ”The issue of contemporary separatism in Caucasus and its outcome on Georgia, Abkhazia; new approaches to conflict peaceful resolution”. Already 20 years have passed since the start of the Georgian-Abkhazian war in 1992. The conflict has persisted to this day and brings with it insecurity, deep mistrust, long-term displacement and serious constraints on growth and development. Georgian-Abkhazian conflict refers to the ethnic conflict between Georgians and Abkhazians and in a broader sense can be considered as a part of the geopolitical conflict in the Caucasus region remaining unresolved. Such persisting “frozenness” restricts sustainable economic and social development as well as the establishment of free democratic civil societies. As the Georgian historians note, the fact of Russian permanent imperial aspirations to tear off the North-West part of Georgia has become “the reason of history politisation and falsification of the historical past of Abkhazia and along to it of the whole Georgia. Namely, at the beginning of the 20th century, under the motto “Abkhazia is not Georgia” Apsua-Abkhazian political separatism as one of Russian imperialism varieties and its stronghold in Georgia was formed”. (1) During last twenty years several works in Russian and English languages have been published by Abkhazian historians: S. Lakoba, O. Bgazhba. V. Chirikba, M. Gunba, E. Ajinjal, D. Dbar, etc. “Unfortunately the authors, with the aim of “restoration of historic” rights pursued and served the illusory and rather dangerous political aims and not the scientific/research ones”. The historiography is under a special attention and “protection” of the separatist regime as well as of the Russian political leadership. -
United Nations Environment Programme
UNITED NATIONS EP Distr. United Nations GENERAL Environment Programme UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/82/37 2 November 2018 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL Eighty-second Meeting Montreal, 3-7 December 2018 UNEP’S COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME BUDGET FOR 2019 Introduction 1. UNEP has submitted the budget for its Compliance Assistance Programme (CAP) for 2019 at a total costs of US $9,974,000, plus agency support costs of US $797,920.1 The submission contains the 2018 progress report2 and the 2019 work programme. The submission is attached to the present document. 2. At the 81st meeting, the Executive Committee noted the final report of the review of the overall structure of the CAP, and requested UNEP when submitting the CAP budget and work plan for 2019 at the 82nd meeting, to describe, for consideration by the Executive Committee, the operationalization of the proposed changes in the overall CAP structure, in line with relevant previous decisions on the CAP and its funding.3 The proposed CAP work plan is submitted in line with decision 81/38, and proposes to follow the revised three-year 2018-20204 strategy noted at the 80th meeting during the approval of the 2018 budget to accommodate new priorities related to the Kigali Amendment. 3. UNEP also indicated that as part of the UN reform agenda, and in order to streamline capacities in UNEP for further enhancing effective implementation of multilateral environmental agreements, the OzonAction Branch and its CAP is now under the UNEP Law Division based in Nairobi as of 1 July 2018. -
The Foreign Service Journal, October 2007
MURDER IN MALABO FS FICTION ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN NEGOTIATIONS AFSA ISSUE BRIEF DEBUTS! PAGE 70 $3.50 / OCTOBER 2007 OREIGN ERVICE FJ O U R N A L S THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS THE U.S. BORDERS Has NAFTA Made Us Better Neighbors? CONTENTS October 2007 Volume 84, No. 10 F OCUS ON THE U.S. BORDERS FS FICTION 13 / BRIDGES, BARRIERS OR BOTH? BEST SERVED COLD / 49 THE U.S. BORDERS By Robert Gribbin By Leslie Bassett 17 / A VIEW FROM THE SOUTH F EATURES By Manuel Suárez-Mier A FOREIGN SERVICE MURDER / 51 23 / CULTURAL QUIRKS & TASTY TREASURES: THE TWO LAREDOS By Len Shurtleff By Jennifer Ludders CONDEMNED TO ENDLESS STRUGGLE? / 56 26 / THE GREAT TIJUANA EXPERIENCE THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT By May G. Baptista By Rafael Reuveny 29 / CONSULATE NOGALES’ DEADLY DESERT AFSA NEWS By Jim Bredeck AFSA’S PROTEST LEADS TO NEW HEARING / 61 33 / EMBRACING CHANGE ON ESSAY CONTEST INTRODUCES FS TO STUDENTS / 61 THE EXICO ORDER U.S.-M B AFSA MEETS WITH SEC. RICE / 61 By Elizabeth Martin BRIEFS: FS WOMEN’S FORUM / 62 35 / ONTARIO & THE U.S.: VP STATE: SUPPORT FOR SEPARATED FAMILIES / 63 CLOSE TIES, VP RETIREES: TAKING A FRESH LOOK / 64 COMPLEX ISSUES LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS UPDATE / 65 By Aaron Honn and VP USAID: PENNY WISE, POUND FOOLISH / 66 John Nay AFSA ESTABLISHES LEGAL DEFENSE FUND / 69 ISSUE BRIEF: TRAINING DIPLOMATS / 70 38 / A VANCOUVER VIGNETTE By Lewis Lukens 40 / FOREIGN ASSIGNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES C OLUMNS D EPARTMENTS By Mary Speer and Brad Kirbyson PRESIDENT’S VIEWS / 5 LETTERS / 6 44 / CANADIANS: A BORDER PEOPLE The Cinderella Service CYBERNOTES / 9 By Charles F. -
Acknowledgements
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was produced by UNEP Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (UNEP DTIE) OzonAction Programme as part of UNEP’s work programme under the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. UNEP OzonAction gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the following for reviewing and providing comments on the draft text: Ms. Julia Anne Dearing, Information Management Officer, Multilateral Fund Secretariat; Licda. Michelle Corrales Sánchez, Ministerio de Ambiente, Energía y Telecomunicaciones Costa Rica / Dirección de Gestión de Calidad Ambiental, Oficina Técnica del Ozono; the UNEP CAP ROAP Team. The project was supervised by: Ms. Shamila Nair-Bedouelle, Head, OzonAction Branch The project was managed by: Mr. James S. Curlin, Network and Policy Manager Dr. Ezra Clark, Programme Officer Mr. Ruperto de Jesus, Programme Assistant Ms. Mugure Kibe, Documentation Assistant This updated version of the handbook was researched and written by: Dr. Melanie Miller, Touchdown Consulting The first edition of the Guide was developed by the ROAP CAP Team in consultation with: Mr K. Madhava Sarma, Former Executive Secretary of the Secretariat for the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol. Additional comments and suggestions were provided by the NOUs from SEAP, South Asia, ECA, Africa and Latin America networks; Montreal Protocol Units from UNDP, UNIDO and the World Bank; the Multilateral Fund Secretariat; the Ozone Secretariat; US EPA and GTZ; DTIE OzonAction Programme’s Information Management Team -
Appendix List of Interviews*
Appendix List of Interviews* Name Date Personal Interview No. 1 29 August 2000 Personal Interview No. 2 12 September 2000 Personal Interview No. 3 18 September 2000 Personal Interview No. 4 6 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 5 16 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 6 17 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 7 18 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 8: Oonagh Marron (A) 17 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 9: Oonagh Marron (B) 23 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 10: Helena Schlindwein 28 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 11 30 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 12 1 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 13 1 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 14: Claire Hackett 7 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 15: Meta Auden 15 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 16 1 June 2000 Personal Interview Maggie Feeley 30 August 2005 Personal Interview No. 18 4 August 2009 Personal Interview No. 19: Marie Mulholland 27 August 2009 Personal Interview No. 20 3 February 2010 Personal Interview No. 21A (joint interview) 23 February 2010 Personal Interview No. 21B (joint interview) 23 February 2010 * Locations are omitted from this list so as to preserve the identity of the respondents. 203 Notes 1 Introduction: Rethinking Women and Nationalism 1 . I will return to this argument in a subsequent section dedicated to women’s victimisation as ‘women as reproducers’ of the nation. See also, Beverly Allen, Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1996); Alexandra Stiglmayer, (ed.), Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia- Herzegovina (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1994); Carolyn Nordstrom, Fieldwork Under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival (Berkeley: University of California, 1995); Jill Benderly, ‘Rape, feminism, and nationalism in the war in Yugoslav successor states’ in Lois West, ed., Feminist Nationalism (London and New Tork: Routledge, 1997); Cynthia Enloe, ‘When soldiers rape’ in Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives (Berkeley: University of California, 2000).