Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au © Australian Sports Commission 2004

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The views expressed in the country reports are those of the respondents and are not necessarily those of the Australian Government nor the ASP Sports Program. The ASC acknowledges the cooperation of the governments as well as Oceania National Olympic Committees, National Olympic Commitees, National Paralympic Committees and national sporting federations of the ASP partner countries that assisted in the preparation of this study. The ASC also acknowledges Mr Robert Phillpot for his assistance with the literature review.

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Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Contents

1 Executive summary 1

2 Literature review 9

Introduction 10

Pacific human development indicators 11

The value of sport 17

Sport and international recognition 22

Sport and the economy 22

Summary and conclusion 23

3 Country/territory reports 25

American Samoa 27

Cook Islands 29

Fiji 33

Federated States of Micronesia 37

Guam 43

Kiribati 45

Marshall Islands (Republic of the) 49

Nauru 55

Niue 59

Palau 63

Papua New Guinea 67

Samoa 71

Solomon Islands 75

Tonga (Kingdom of) 79

Tuvalu 83

Vanuatu 87

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Appendixes 93

1 Summary of the social profile of countries 94 participating in the ASP Sports Program

2 Acronyms 95

Bibliography 96

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Executive summary 1 Chapter 1 1

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 2 Executive summary of the Pacific region sporting community.of thePacific regionsporting oftheneeds The processassistedindeveloping amorecomprehensiveunderstanding todiscussindetailthefindingsofquestionnaires. consultations were anopportunity Commission.The outby oftheAustralianSports consultations carried staffmembers country. Thecompletedquestionnaires provided thebasisforin-country participating Questionnaires were alsodeveloped anddistributedtokey stakeholders ineach community development objectivesofdeveloping countries. plays ormayassess theavailable play literatureontherolethatsport inmeetingthe assistedwiththeliteraturereview.University Theaimofthereview was tocompileand The AsiaPacific SchoolofEconomicsandManagementattheAustralian National Program. ASP Sports inthemanagementof andAusAIDaspartners Foreign andTrade, Affairs of by theDepartment Commissionwas supported 2004.TheAustralianSports early consultationsinlate2003and questionnaires andin-country literaturereview, a comprising Commission conductedtheneedsassessment, The AustralianSports of recipientcountrieswithintheresourcesavailable. sothatitwouldremaineffectiveinmeetingtheneeds could addressinthecomingyears Program assessment was toidentifysomeoftheareaspriority thattheASPSports elite andcommunitylevels in14Pacific islandcountriessince1994.Akey goalofthe development assistanceatboththe whichhasbeenproviding sport Program, Sports oftheAustralia–SouthPacific (ASP) commissioned theneedsassessmentaspart istheoutcomeofthatannouncement.TheAustralianGovernment This report development intheSouthPacific region. comprehensiveassessmentofsport first-ever John Howard MP theHon. thePrimeMinisterof Australia, At thePacific inAugust2003, IslandsForum Introduction Executive summary Chapter 1 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting , announced that the Australian Government would be undertaking the wouldbeundertaking announcedthattheAustralianGovernment , Executive summary 3 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment education health security population growth.

Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au

Fiji and the smaller island states of Cook Islands, Palau, Niue, Samoa, Nauru, Tonga terms rank the highest in of development and Tuvalu the Micronesian states of Kiribati, States Marshall Islands and Federated of Micronesia rank in the middle the larger Melanesian countries of Vanuatu, Guinea New Solomon Islands and Papua rank at the low end of the index. governance employment The needs assessment was designed to provide a record of the sporting designed to provide The needs assessment was needs of Pacific countries,region countries and to enable those in partnership with the ASP Sports Program, to respond more Results of this report will facilitate changes to the effectively. ASP Sports Program. Country-specific accurately to more developed programs will be address the needs of each country. issues discusses the broad development The needs assessment identifies and facing region countries, Pacific specifically on those serviced while focusing the by ASP Sports Program. Although not direct recipients of the program, American Samoa are members of the Oceania National included in this study as they also and Guam were It is importantCommittees. Olympic to note, however, that this report imply that does not the ASP Sports Program will address all of these issues. National governments, National Olympic Committees and donors tool for should find the needs assessment a useful strategies to promote the growth of sport.developing The ASP Sports will Program outlined in to address identified priorities stakeholders continue to work with key this report. as follows: issues facing the region can be categorised development Some of the key Purpose 2 3 The research outlined in the literature review provides details of these development provides The research outlined in the literature review ASP Sports relate to each of the countries within the issues as they Program. The importance categories differs of the issues within each of these from country to country. the United Nations Development by developed Index Through the Human Development broad categories of grouped into three region were Programme the countries of the Pacific on their 1998 index ranking. based development These are: 1

the ASP Sports Program. specifically on those serviced on those specifically by region countries,region focusing while development issues facing issues development Pacific and discusses the broad the and discusses The needs assessment identifies assessment needs The Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 4 Executive summary development issuesthatemergedfromtheneedsassessment are: The principalsport development issues Principal sport aswell asareciprocalcommitmentfromthatcountry. therelevance tothecountry by successandsustainabilityoftheprogramwillbedetermined thelong-term However, tempting todeliveragenericphysical educationprogramthroughout allcountries. itmay be economicconstraints, Dueto programdeveloped forNauru. school sport a theCookIslandsmightbedifferentto and physical educationprogramdeveloped for aschoolsport andaretailoredaccordingly. ofthisdiversity understanding For example, subsequentprogramsreflectan recognise eachcountry’s differencesandensurethat to itisimportant issues thatmany ofthecountriesidentifiedaspriorityareas.That said, development somecommonthemesemerged.These relatetobroadsport However, healthindicators. and disparity) geography (dispersion population, economicclimate, development, as acountry’s level of such isareflectionoffactors asthecountriesthemselves.Thisdiversity are asdiverse Program.Eachcountry’s needs withintheASPSports sporting community ineachcountry theassessmentthenexaminedindetailindividualneedsofsporting assistance, development canbeavaluablevehicletodeliveroverseas Recognising thatsport recognitionaswellinternational aseconomicbenefits. womenandachieving rightsof includingpromotingthe of communitydevelopment, makes positivecontributionsinother areas and politics.Evidencesuggestedthatsport health education, a tooltofosternationalintegrationbecauseofitsbroadrelevance to isincreasinglyrecognisedas recognition.Sport andforgingstronginternational identity, national fosteringcommunityand contribute effectivelytoreducingantisocialbehaviour, may also sport the areasofhealthandcommunitydevelopment. Thereview foundthat in may play thesignificantanddirectrolesport The review identifiedevidence supporting languagebarriers. political and historical, religious, ethnic, educational, itsabilitytotranscendsocial, program given componentofawide-rangingdevelopment itisanimportant issues, development alonecannotsolvetheregion’s andgoodvalue.Whileitisclearthatsport efficient non-threatening, development objectivesbecauseitisproven tobeeffective, broad roleinunderpinning plays animportant The literaturereview foundthatsport Major findings sport forpeoplewithadisability sport initiatives women-in-sport development and retention volunteer recruitment, programs physical educationandschoolsport medicine science/sport sport administrationand sport includingcoacheducation, educationprograms, sport policies national sport sport facilities. sport Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Executive summary 5 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment

Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au

National sport policies region, within the In most countries governing there are two main responsible bodies for sport national government the Olympic and the National at the national level: In most cases, each country. of these organisations differ within Committee. The roles the Ministry Committee has a larger budget than the National Olympic of Sport. sportThe absence of national plans) policies (including implementation makes it Olympic Committee and the to define the roles of the National difficult national government in the delivery of sportIn some instances, programs. this results programs,in the duplication of where both the government and the National Olympic Committee run of scarce programs leading to an inefficient allocation similar instances,resources. In other it of activity in a particular results in a void or absence program area. In this context, a national sport policy is different to a government policy document plan. A national sportand different again to a development policy establishes the priorities of a countrydevelopment and defines the roles and responsibilities of the It all stakeholders. It is a document owned by stakeholders. key results in an efficient goals. and achievable allocation of resources and sets measurable Sport education Access to sport education has emerged as an important component of sport of establishing a sport region. The cost in the Pacific development education program within the region. Consequently, the capacity of most countries is beyond sport education, in particular coach education and accreditation, to is limited those who attend courses run international federations, by or to those coaches who participate in training programs overseas. The establishment of a regional sport education program offers a cost-effective training of more coaches,solution that would facilitate the consistent administrators and sport science/sport medicine practitioners.

stakeholders. and of the responsibilities key a countryand defines the roles the development priorities of the development A national sport policy establishes Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 6 Executive summary activity levels. Suchaprogramwould: inthePacific and regionistodevelop performance oreven maintaincurrent sport if development andretention programisessential volunteerrecruitment, countries. A aredroppinginmanyactivities. Thisproblemiscompoundedasvolunteernumbers ofpeopletoassist withtheorganisationandimplementationofsporting shortage The needsassessmentshowed thatPacific regioncountriessufferfromanacute development and retention Volunteer recruitment, schools andcommunities. anddeliverableinurbanaswell asouterisland developed mustbefullytransportable ofmoredeveloped countries.Theprogramsthatare adaptationofthecurriculum an development arethereforerequiredandcannotsimplybe approaches tocurriculum thatisheavilyA curriculum dependentonexpensiveequipment willfail.Innovative there isthecostofequipmentrequiredtodelivercurriculum. programs intheregion, respective countries.Inadditiontothesignificantcostofdeveloping physical education ofthe bedeveloped incloseconsultationwiththeeducationdepartments should assistancerequiredinthisareaalsovaries.Assistancephysical education the The level ofphysical educationinschoolsvariesthroughouttheregion.Accordingly, sporadically. occur classes whilemany countrieshave timeallocatedforphysical education, result, development. Asa intheareaofcurriculum isagenerallackofexpertise there have indicatedadesiretointroducephysical educationintotheschoolcurriculum, level (Years attheprimary 1–6).Whilemany countries particularly education system, aregrowingasapriorityinthePacific region’sPhysical educationandschoolsport Physical educationandschoolsport resource assistancearecommonthemes. theneedforstrategicadvice and in thisareaisasvariedthecountriesthemselves, their respectiveNationalOlympicCommittee.Whiletheassistance requiredby countries linked groupsthatareformally with countrieshave recentlysetupwomen-in-sport Many can play inpromotingtherightsofwomen. recognition of therolethatsport in development prioritythroughouttheregion hasemergedasasport Women insport Women insport and run sporting organisations. sporting run and activities toconductsporting skillsandexpertise withtheconfidence, volunteers have asignificanttraininganddevelopment componenttohelpprovide volunteer (retention) organisationsthebenefitsandrewards ofbeingasport show themandsporting (recruitment) volunteers seek toattractmorepeopleassport Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Executive summary 7 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment

Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Sport facilities The standard and breadth of sporting Fiji facilities in the region vary widely. now has Games,world-class for the 2003 South Pacific facilities developed whereas countries such as Nauru, lack basic facilities such Kiribati and Tuvalu as athletics tracks. Finding sportadequate land to develop facilities is also an issue in some countries. national Building such facilities requires substantial financial contributions from the as donor countries,government as well particularly in the smaller states. Because of the cost, maximum use. planning is required to ensure facilities achieve detailed Regardless of the standard or proliferation of sport facilities in the region, each country of the major sport faces other related issues. Many facilities in the Pacific region foreign governments through their overseas development been donated by have assistance programs. As a result, knowledge of facilities management remains rudimentary in most countries, with maximum use not being achieved. Sportwith a disability for people sportDisability Despite are generally under-resourced. in the region programs sportrecognition that disability community development positive programs have ramifications, be that these programs can only there is a perception run at a high cost. inclusive sportThe reality is that an program services as athletes as well able-bodied people with a disability, solution and is a cost-effective to sport-for-all programs in the region. countries now recognise the importanceMany disability sport of programs but struggle to raise the requisite funding. when funding is available, Even remains there a resources and expertise lack of applicable in working with a disability. with athletes In has been provided, where resource and training assistance countries sport disability been successful. programs have sportAn increase in assistance to disability programs in all countries in the Pacific sportregion is required. Successful disability community significant programs have of an inclusive sport-for-all implications and are an integral component development community program.

sport-for-allprogram. community component of an inclusive component of programs are an integral programs are Successful disability sportSuccessful disability Pacific SportingPacific Needs Sporting Assessment Needs © Assessment Australian Sports © Australian Commission Sports 2004 Commission http://www.ausport.gov.au 2004 Literature review 9 Chapter 2 2

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 10 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Literature review growth is slow and uncertain’ (United NationsDevelopment Programme 1999). growth isslow anduncertain’ andprivatesector publicsectorjobcontracts, systems failtosecurethem employment, localisation ofjobs.Thepresent generationfaceslessoptimisticprospectsasschool publicsectorgrowthandthe brought aboutthroughnewly expanded schoolsystems, ‘the previous generationmostly cametoadulthoodatatimeofwideningopportunities, that aspirations ofthenextgeneration ofPacific islandpeopleandidentifiesinparticular highlightstheurgentrequirementacrossregiontobettermeetneeds and 1999, The Program. intheASPSports participating profileofthecountries ofthesocial provides a summary Appendix 1tothisreport Development Programme1999). forestsandminerals(UnitedNations million andvastendowmentsofarableland, withapopulation of5.7 suchas Papua New Guinea, theregion, larger countriesin have littleincommonwith 200 andlandareaof26squarekilometres, of about10 withapopulation smallatollstatessuchasTuvalu, Other thantheirgeographicproximity, resourceendowmentsandenvironmental conditions. countries andtheirpopulations, Business and theaggravation ofsocialdecay causedby theevaporation ofoldcultures( allexperiencingover-population andhealthdifficulties, collection ofmostlysmallatolls, Marianas)isa KiribatiandNorthern Guam, Nauru, Islands, theMarshall Micronesia, theFederated Statesof Wallis andFutuna.Micronesia(whichcomprisesPalau, and CookIslands, Tuvalu, Niue, AmericanSamoa, Samoa, The areacomprisesTonga, New Zealandtothesouthwest andEasterIslandtothesoutheast. Hawaii tothenorth, Vanuatu constituteMelanesia.Polynesia anareaencompassing covers andFiji Islands, Solomon 1998). ItisgenerallyrecognisedthatthecountriesofPapua New Guinea, than 6millionoftheregion’s 7millionpeople(SecretariatofthePacific Community ormore accountingforover 85percentofthetotalpopulation, largest culturalgroup, below theequator)andMicronesia(lyingabove theequator).Melanesiaisby farthe Melanesia(lyingmostly TheregionisoftengroupedasPolynesia, culturally diverse. butonethatis notingthatthePacific regionisnothomogeneous, itisworth To begin, consultation phaseoftheassessment. chapter concludesby identifyingissuesthatwere consideredinthein-country The programs thataimtoassistinstrengtheninghumandevelopment indicators. development inoverseas assistance region. Itthenassessesthevalueofsport by asthey examininghumandevelopment indicators relatetothePacific countries, This chapteranalysesthekey influencingthedevelopment ofPacific socialfactors island Introduction Literature review Chapter 2 Pacific HumanDevelopment Report, Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting aur 03.Hwvr therearestillgreatdifferencesinthesizeofthese 2003).However, January issued by theUNDevelopment Programmein Islands Literature review Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 11 Sport, Activity and Physical Antisocial analyses recent progress towards sustainable analyses recent progress towards introduced the Human Development Index (HDI) introduced the Human Development , found that while it is unlikely that sport activity and physical

Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au

Pacific Human Development Report Human Development Pacific Report1990 Human Development that measures development by combining data on length of life, by that measures development access to knowledge Programme 1990). The importanceand income (United Nations Development of life expectancy at birth that a long life is valuable in itself and lies in the common belief in the fact that various indirect benefits (adequate nutrition and good health) are closely Literacy figures are only a crude reflection associated with longer life expectancy. of access to education, particularly to the good-quality education so necessary for Theproductive life in modern society. HDI therefore includes adult literacy combined with Pacific human development indicators human development Pacific The Behaviour in Youth Behaviour and direct impact on reducing a major programs have antisocial behaviour, form an they important occur that mechanism through which personal may and social development (Cameronpositively affects behaviour 2000). and MacDougall indicators human development The next section of this chapter identifies that are islands. The indicators demonstrate the need for sustained to the Pacific relevant assistance in the region. overseas development island states: Cook Islands, 14 Pacific made by development Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, States of Micronesia, Federated Nauru, Niue, Palau, Guinea, New Papua Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu. Tuvalu is to basic objective of development Programme’s The United Nations Development long, for people to enjoy create an environment and creative lives. Technical healthy and the use of statistical human development considerations of the means to achieve at times obscured the fact aggregates to measure national income and its growth have that the primary is to benefit people. Human objective of development is a development choices. The most critical ones are to lead a long and process of increasing people’s life,healthy a decent standard of living. to be educated and to enjoy Additional choices, people, many highly valued by range from political, and social freedom to economic opportunities for being creative and productive, personal and enjoying self-respect and Programme 1990). guaranteed human rights (United Nations Development The There is evidence that sportThere is evidence and assist contribute to community development may in some of the worst alleviating of the erosion of traditional cultures side-effects in the A report region. Australian Institute of Criminology, the produced by in conjunction with the Australian Sports Commission, entitled

traditional cultures in cultures traditional the region. side-effects of the erosion of of the erosion side-effects in worst some of the alleviating development and assist development may to community contribute There is evidence that sport that is evidence There benefit people. objective ofdevelopment isto obscured thefactthat theprimary development have attimes means toachieve human Technical considerationsofthe 12 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Literature review aut 3 .2 140 129 164 147 118 0.425 121 0.515 117 0.314 0.371 107 103 70 0.583 231 1 702 0.563 196 0.590 926 1 120 0.647 46 0.663 62 157 1 182 0.774 1 060 1 Creating opportunities 0.569 868 1 Source: UnitedNationsDevelopment Programme 1999, 450 0.861 3 0.822 Papua New Guinea 714 3 Solomon Islands GlobalHDIrank 070 2 101 Vanuatu 027 8 Kiribati 947 HDI 4 Islands Marshall Federated StatesofMicronesia 0.667 Tuvalu GDPpercapita Samoa Tonga Nauru 684 2 Fiji Niue Cook Islands Palau Country Table 1 ranking isalsoshown. country’s global andtheHDIforeachofcountries.Each percapita, shows GDP commodities andtogaincommandover resourcesforadecentliving standard.Table 1 whichprovide betterapproximationsoftherelativepower tobuy capita figures, measureisenhancedby usingpurchasing-power-adjusted realGDPper indicator. This the index’s measureforthisusesthelogarithmofrealGDPpercapitaincome indicatorand enrolments.Incomeisstillanimportant andtertiary secondary primary, Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting aii ua eeomn ne,1998 Pacific HumanDevelopment Index, ua p.13. Suva, , (US$) Pacific Human Development Report 1999: Pacific HumanDevelopment Report Literature review Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 13 Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Fiji island states of Cook Islands, and the smaller Palau, Niue, Nauru, Samoa, Tonga rank highest and Tuvalu of Kiribati,the Micronesian states States of Marshall Islands and Federated the middle Micronesia rank in countries of Vanuatu,the large Melanesian Guinea New Solomon Islands and Papua of the index. rank at the low end The index values shown in Table 1 range from internationally 1 range high to internationally low. values shown in Table The index country,The highest-ranking Palau, Papua and Venezuela. to Panama has an HDI similar Djibouti and Chad, has one similar to Guinea New in Africa. the poorest countries two of a very presented in the table therefore show The 1998 index values large range of countries It also shows there are three groups of conditions in the region. development 1999): Programme (United Nations Development 1 Health indicators importantIt is recognised that good health is an element for sustainable human Infant mortalitydevelopment. has declined significantly throughout most of the region. in the region,While life expectancy is generally good there is an apparent increase in mid-adult mortality, for males. The main reasons for this increase are especially ‘lifestyle’ diseases and accidental deaths,associated with the upsurge in so-called and and vector-bornethe resurgence and emergence of infectious example, diseases (for malaria). In particular some non-communicable diseases, including diabetes, have in some countries. In Fiji,reached epidemic levels 15 to occupy diabetes cases 20 per cent of all hospital beds. Hypertension and other circulatory are also diseases increasing, Besides its related illnesses, diets high in fats and sugar. primarily by caused accidents and violence (United Nations alcohol abuse is a cause of deaths from in this report Programme 1999). The studies considered Development suggest that sport a positive impact on these health issues. have programs lifestyle diseases is a particularThe trend of increasing non-communicable concern their economically productive years.because the diseases affect people in A major cost of this pattern is the loss of skills, of ill health and death experience and productivity for communities. These types of illnesses can cause premature or sudden death, often Improved families without their primaryleaving income earner. and primary nutrition assistance in the region. health care need to be a high priority for development 2 3 14 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Literature review aut 64 9.1 8.8 17.9 11.8 9.4 programs arelikely tocontributebettereducationaloutcomes. indicates thatsport 14.1 9.1 therelevant literature depending mainlyontheadequacyoffacilities.Generallythough, 45 12.0 needsvarieswidelyacrosstheregion relationship between educationandsporting 67 77 8.9 38 education isaseriousproblem(UnitedNationsDevelopment Programme1999).The accesstobasicprimary SolomonIslandsandPapua New Guinea, inVanuatu, example, 8.1 andhighlightsthedifferencesamongcountries.For adult literacyandschoolenrolments, 51 11.8 63 significantlyintheregion.TableThe prioritiesandneedsforeducationvary 3shows 22 15.0 19 66 Education indicators 12.5 62 54 11 65 18 67 46 Creating opportunities 65 66 20 Source: UnitedNationsDevelopment Programme 1999, 68 12.4 11 Papua New Guinea 58 Solomon Islands 74 Vanuatu 66 Kiribati 69 Islands Marshall 16 72 Federated StatesofMicronesia Tuvalu Percentage of Samoa rate Infantmortality Tonga Nauru Lifeexpectancy 66 Fiji Niue Cook Islands Palau Country Table 2 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting aii ua eeomn niaos—hat,1998 Pacific —health, humandevelopment indicators ua p.106. Suva, , tbrh(er)(e 0)government (per1000) (years) at birth Pacific Human Development Report 1999: Pacific HumanDevelopment Report spending onhealth Literature review Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 15 (per cent) Pacific Human Development Report Human Development Pacific 1999: (per cent) (per cent) 15–19 years , Suva, p. 110. Pacific human development indicators development human — education, Pacific 1998 Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au for lesser-developed countries,for lesser-developed the problem is how to re-orient large semi-subsistence communities to become more commercially productive countries,in more developed the issue is how to resolve the problem of the ‘educated a real choice between that people with skills have and to ensure unemployed’ migrating overseas or remaining at home to work. 2 The situation is complicated due to the different circumstances of each of the Pacific island countries. However, in what is clear across the entire region is that employment to grow in the foreseeable future to cater forthe formal sector is unlikely the majority of island workers. in the What is needed is a focus on creating more employment Pacific Programme 1999). informal (United Nations Development sectors of the economy Sport as an industry opportunities islands is growing and employment in the Pacific in both the private and public sectors Sport becoming more prevalent. are programs and can also stimulate associated employment,events such sellers as food and beverage at a local sporting event. Employment indicatorsEmployment island countries lies in how to provide Pacific Probably the most critical issue confronting needs while livelihood that meets people’s the population with a secure and sustainable trends indicate Economic and demographic countering the increasing problem of poverty. the demand for,that the gap between of, and the availability will almost paid employment certainlyforce and the limited economic potential of grow due to the fast-growing labour Programme 1999). these countries (United Nations Development There are essentially two long-term problems: employment 1 Papua New Guinea New Papua Programme 1999, Source: United Nations Development Creating opportunities 28.2 28.6 23 Tuvalu States of MicronesiaFederated Marshall Islands 71.3KiribatiVanuatuSolomon Islands 74.4 71.4 95.0 30.3 92.2 33.5 71.7 44 74.0 34.7 67.8 57.4 49 34 24 44 22 Cook IslandsNiueFiji92.9 NauruTongaSamoa 93.2 81.3 97.0 95.0 84.8 36 99.0 95.7 83.6 79.5 45 83.3 85.7 53 34 67 70 Table 3 Table CountryPalau literacy Adult School enrolments School enrolments 91.4 83.4 67 16 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Literature review aut 8 0 . 18 37 15 13 42 65 limited employment opportunities. have very inparticular, Thesecountries, Nauru. 21 32 forexampleSolomonIslands and 2.7 ofthepopulation, high rateofgrowthinthispart 2.1 very have a countries withweak andlimitededucationalopportunities 100 health indicators 2.5 3.3 the Table 5showstheaverage annualgrowthrateoftheyouthpopulation.Some 32 programsmightassistinreducingthisproblem. toconsiderwhethersport important 3.0 27 3.6 suggests thatantisocialbehaviour withincommunitiesislikely toincrease.Itistherefore 500 71 1.2 182 ofyoungpeoplewithfew employment prospects 100 ahighproportion Across theregion, 85 0.3 400 800 59 412 417 2.4 4 –1.0 000 11 Creating opportunities 100 61 Source: UnitedNationsDevelopment Programme1999, 2.1 800 174 000 98 2.4 46 Papua New Guinea 500 11 –1.8 Solomon Islands 100 2 Vanuatu Kiribati 100 114 500 Islands Marshall 18 500 Federated StatesofMicronesia 16 0.9 Urbanpopulation Tuvalu Population growth Samoa Tonga Population size Nauru 800 797 Fiji Niue Cook Islands Palau Country Table 4 brings. dignity anddisciplinethatwork withoutmuchchancetoexperiencethe future ofunemployment andunderemployment, (United NationsDevelopment Programme1999).Many youngpeoplethereforefacea 000 thisnumberwillhave increasedby atleast300 population. Bytheyear2010, representing20percentoftheregion’s millionyoungpeopleaged15to24years, 1.4 therewere aspirationsofthenextgenerationPacific islandpeople.In1998, and Perhaps acrosstheregionishowtobettermeetneeds thegreatestconcern (especially forurbandwellers) andcontributetowards bettereducationaloutcomes. healthacrossthecommunity programsmay potentiallyimprove primary sport cost, For arelativelylow toprovide basichealthandeducationservices. already struggling Vanuatu ofthesecountriesare Thegovernments andNauru. SolomonIslands, example, for with theweakest alsohave socialindicators thehighestpopulationgrowthrate, some countriesmitigatesanotherwisehighpopulationgrowth.Someofthe Table 4depictsrecentpopulationgrowthforcountriesintheregion.Emigrationfrom Demographic andyouthindicators Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting aii ua eeomn niaos—dmgahc 1998 Pacific —demographic, humandevelopment indicators ua p.113. Suva, , etmtd ana vrg )(%total) (annualaverage %) (estimated) Pacific Human Development Report 1999: Pacific HumanDevelopment Report Literature review Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 17 Pacific Human Development Report Human Development Pacific 1999: of population of youth population , Suva, p. 109. Pacific human development indicators development human — youth, Pacific 1998 Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au education economic benefits. the building of national identity and national pride and integration community development crime prevention health The value of sport If sport community, of a development contributes to the overall is worthwhile it to review That is,the social impact it can make. what specific benefits can be gleaned by promoting sport the health and social countries? This section reviews among developing impact of sport. recognised the economic and social Governments in industrial countries have benefits of sport (Sport England 1999). However, most research has focused on the relationship sport between in Australia, and health outcomes. Recently there has been of sportan interest in the evaluation programs, particularly on the health and social impacts of these programs. in sport involvement and recreation in of the Australian Government’s In a review Australia, Government gets a good return on its found that ‘the Commonwealth it was in sportinvestment and that there are further and recreation benefits to be gained from an enhanced role in sport of Australia Sport and recreation’ (Commonwealth 2000 Taskforce, identified a number of benefits from the Government’s 1999). The review in sport,investment which include: Creating opportunities Federated States of MicronesiaFederated Marshall IslandsKiribati 21.0VanuatuSolomon Islands Guinea New Papua Programme 1999, Source: United Nations Development 21.7 3.4 20.6 20.3 18.0 19.9 18.7 5.8 4.0 2.6 1.4 3.5 16.3 17.7 19.4 19.6 18.2 NiueFiji20.0 NauruTongaSamoaTuvalu 0.7 11.4 17.4 22.7 20.5 21.2 15.6 –6.2 3.2 –0.5 0.5 24.0 3.8 19.6 20.3 21.7 25.7 Table 5 Table CountryPalauCook Islands as a percentage Youth growth rate Annual median age National 17.3 14.4 –5.0 –0.7 25.0 29.2 18 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Literature review well documentedinnumerousstudiesandmostofteninclude: andphysical educationdevelopment programshaveThe generalbenefitsofsport been in the literature that the greatest benefit will be derived by encouraging sedentary people theliteraturethatgreatest benefitwillbederived by encouragingsedentary in itisalsosuggested productivity andgreaternational prosperity(Boit2002).However, It hasalsobeenarguedthat ahighhealthstandardtranslatesintohigherdomestic Organization hasidentifiedthefollowing: health mustbeoneofthemostwidelyrecognisedandsignificant.TheWorld Health thepromotionandmaintenanceof andphysical education, Of allthevaluesofsport Health benefitsofsport ratherthanonany ofthebroadersocialeffects. various healthoutcomes, most oftheresearchhasfocusedonexploringlinksbetween physical activityand limited.Torecreation programsandvarioushealthsocialoutcomesisalsofairly date, populations) isinitsinfancy. and Theresearch evidence onthelinksbetween sport and recreationprograms(forthegeneralpopulationeven moresoforindigenous It isevident fromtheliteraturereview thatindicatordevelopment onoutcomesfromsport contribute tosocialintegration. forall’programspromotesocial interactionand Physical activityand‘sport older persons. Physical activityenhancesfunctionalcapacityandindependentlivingin anxietyandfeelingsofdepression. Physical activityreducesstress, Physical activityhelpstoreduceosteoporosis. population). percentof theadultworld 20 Physical activityhelpscontrolweight (affecting andprevent/reduce hypertension physical activityprobablyprovides protectionagainstbreastcancer. that diabetescases)andcoloncancer.(90 percentofworld Evidencealsosuggests type2diabetes disease, Physical activityreducestheriskofdeveloping heart globaldeaths). (33 percentof disease Regular physical activityreducestheriskofdyingfromheart a toolforcommunication(Glenwright2002). contribution tothebreakdownofbarriers a toolforsocialmobility vehicle forreconciliation generation ofnationalpride recognition achieving international economic benefits educational benefits contribution towards development personal contributiontowardsenormous communitydevelopment significant healthbenefits Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Literature review Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 19 Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Sport education and physical creative contribute to a child’s talents. This is of particular significance in developing countries. Sport and antisocial behaviour Research on Aboriginal communities in Australia found that sporting events, such as carnivals,However, 1995). also found (Tatz Tatz did result in changes in behaviour that and that largely limited to the length of the event the positive effects were more integrated strategies are needed to produce lasting benefits (Cameron and MacDougall 2000). The literature, therefore, indicates that sport programs need to be impact on crime rates. lasting any long term and sustainable to have to take partto take in sport This is particularly and Connelly 1996). (Blair importantthe in urbanisation is where increased island countries Pacific to a more sedentary leading proportion a rapidly increasing lifestyle for significant There is also of the population. literature to support that sport the claim contributes to psychological wellbeing. Therefore, the long-term effects of sport health far-reaching activity have and physical of abenefits for the development country benefits. besides the immediate health Impact of sport on character Extensive literature, to the early dating back 1900s,of sport documents the impact the difficulty in empirically While character. activity in improving and physical ascertaining sport the benefits of on educational and personal remains development a topic of debate among sociologists, been recognised that participation it has in desired educational outcomes (Eitle sport be positively associated with a society’s can that sportand Eitle 2002). It is believed activity serve and physical as tools for the discovery of recreation skills. However, and development there is no consensus in the literature as to whether sport can directly affect educational outcomes. Sport and children to a variety of tasks, education expose physical not the least of which are the rules as learning specific motor as well knowledge and understanding of a game’s skills required to perform a particularSuch competencies should complement task. cognitive education (Eitle and Eitle those skills acquired through more recognised 2002). Similarly, creative talents. sport education contribute to a child’s physical and This is of particular countries, significance in developing where limited resources for education result in a limited curriculum with an emphasis on passing available of a child’s itself to the stifled development examinations — a system that lends individual creativity (Eitle and Eitle 2002). It is also important and inventiveness to educate athletes about the benefits sport can bring to a community including promoting tolerance, respect for all. and fair play and language barriers. political historical, religious, ethnic, educational, to transcendsocial, any othersocial activityandisable the populationmore thanperhaps extends tobroadsectionsof Sport 20 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Literature review In Putnam(1993) has publishedanotherexampleofthestudysocialcapital. Robert contribute tosocieties’stockofsocialcapital(Woolcock 1998). associationsandclubs andespeciallysport there issomeevidence thatsport From thisstudy forsport. social capitalthatmightbeusedasoutcomeindicators England were directedtoinvestigate of thepossibilityofdeveloping localindicators outforSport foraproject carried some interestingevidence exists.Researchers While theconceptofsocialcapitalissubjectdebateinsciences, bothwithinandamongcountries. performance in government whichexplainsvariations todothingsforeachother’)asthe‘missinglink’, networks andtheinclinationsthatarisefromthese as ‘thecollectivevalueofallsocialnetworks academicstudieshave positedsocialcapital(definedby Putnam[2000] Increasingly, The pastdecadehasseenanexplosionofinterestintheconceptsocialcapital. identity’ andthereby helpreduceantisocialbehaviour. may provide ameans ofencouraginga‘sensecommunity antisocial activities.Sport andhelpprevent themfromengaging in sense ofcommunityidentityandpurpose, givepeoplea suchassport, activities, andparticipatory socialstructures, and modern towards counterbalancingcriminalactivities.Socialcontrolsarefoundintraditional Other studieshave alsoidentifiedhowsocialcontrolswithinthecommunitycontribute illhealthandapathy’ 2001). (Cairnduff domesticviolence, abuse, substance unemployment, spirit inthefaceofever-present scourgesofpoverty, andforgeacommunity inspire, at thegrassrootslevel have thepotentialtomotivate, activities somestudieshave foundthat‘sporting (Evans andKelly 2002).Inparticular, intheeyes ofits citizens significant factorinbringingcreditandprestigetoacountry isa insmallercountries, particularly recentstudyshowed howachievement insport, A divisionsarepresent. even whenperhapsinternal among thepeopleofacountry, canfosterasenseofbelongingandnationhood Individual andteamsuccessinsport innationbuildingandassistfosteringnationalintegration(Riordan1986). purpose aunique may serve sport cultureandpolitics, health, broad relevance toeducation, (Riordan1986).Witha politicalandlanguagebarriers historical, religious, ethnic, educational, than perhapsany othersocialactivityandisabletotranscendsocial, extendstobroadsectionsofthepopulationmore Studies have identifiedhowsport onthecommunity Impact ofsport Making DemocracyWork Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting , he examines differences in regional performance between heexaminesdifferencesinregionalperformance , Literature review Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 21 , Putnam (2000) turned the United States arguing that his focus to Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Success of women athletes Success of women has significantly contributed to the of women. emancipation Even more significant was the legacy of her victoryEven more significant was and the influence it had on the Moroccan Government, in grassroots sport which recognised the benefits of investing The result has been a generation of female Moroccan for girls as boys. as well athletes reaching the pinnacle of international competition, including Nezha Bidouane the 1997 400-metre hurdles worldwho was champion and Zohra Ouaziz who won the silver medal at the 1999 world athletics championships in the 5000 metres. region. a relatively low status in a number of countries in the Pacific have Women If the experience of Morocco is an example, participation women in sport by in the community. their position and involvement help to improve associations may declining civic engagement is an indicator of fraying social relations and, social relations is an indicator of fraying declining civic engagement in turn, and political performancedeteriorating economic country. in that as useful background,With these studies that social capital in there is evidence the island countries is in decline, Pacific sport and strengthening community-level this problem. be one means of addressing associations may Impact of sport the rights of women in promoting of women athletes has contributed It has been documented how the success significantly to the emancipation of women, particularly in those societies where been discouraged from participating traditionally women have in sport. In fact, some made a concertedmulti-ethnic communities have effort to use sport to break down prejudices (Riordan 1986). At the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games,first became the El Moutawakel Nawal Olympic gold medal when she won the woman from an Islamic nation to win an 400-metre also the first Moroccan, hurdles. She was of either sex, to win an Olympic gold brought her widespread recognition throughout Olympic success medal. Nawal’s her country, that the King of Morocco decreed that all girls so much so born on the In 1997,date of her victory to be named in her honour. were she became the Minister the first Muslim woman ever in Morocco and was for Sport and Youth elected as an International Olympic Committee member. northern and southern Italy, concluding good government that found where social is study, In his developed. civil society is most capital and identified a significant Putnam capital. and strong social of soccer clubs the number between relationship In Bowling Alone 22 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Literature review Pacific Games. hosting the2003South suchasFiji that have theresourcestoorganise large events, withthebenefitsoflatterstilllimited tothosecountries events, international major federationsandorganisingcommitteesof nationalsport federations, international NationalOlympicCommittees, schools, in provides employment opportunities Sport inthePacific region. andphysical educationarenowan industry Sport opportunities. systemprovides economic benefitsinotherareassuchasemployment national sport acoordinated benefits may notbeasdefinedfordeveloping countries.Nonetheless, anestimateforindustrialcountriesandthe however, PuntaDelEste in1999).Thisis, in held MinisterialConferenceon Physicalcosts (ThirdInternational EducationandSport andphysical activitygeneratesasaving ofUS$3.2millioninnationalmedical sport on US$1millionspent level indicatethatevery attheinternational Studies undertaken andtheeconomy Sport butwe areagreatpeople’. country, small a canfindSenegalonamap.We may ‘Noweveryone have mid-fielder KhalilouFadiga, ramifications andsymbolismofSenegal’s World Cupsuccesswere well statedby the andpolitics, may between notagreewith thecorrelation sport While everyone heraldingitasthebeginningofanew eraforSenegal. thisperformance, significance of was quicktoacknowledgethe Abdoulaye Wade, thePresident ofSenegal, tournament, andthroughouttheremainderof defeating France round.Afterthis victory, inthefirst after ofCameroonatthe1990Worldperformance Cupby makingthequarter-finals achievements intheeyes ofacountry. ofsporting Senegalmatchedthe importance The successofSenegalatthe2002FIFA World Cupexemplifiestheinternational tocreateasenseofnationalidentity.countries thatstruggle relevant forthePacific island (Monnington 2002).Thisaspectmay beparticularly internationally vibrantimageandanidentityforthatcountry generate apositive, itcanalso foster asenseofbelongingandnationhoodamongthepeoplescountry, Studies showthatthesuccessofacountry’s cannotonly individualsorteamsinsport recognition andinternational Sport eia costs. medical millioninnational US$3.2 generates asaving of andphysical activity sport on US$1millionspent every level indicatethat international atthe Studies undertaken Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Literature review Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment 23 Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au What types of organisations are best placed to deliver the programs? these organisations? What are the main capacity constraints faced by What type of aid-delivery the to provide mechanism is best suited assistance identified? for the region to monitor What are the most suitable social indicators available the main impacts of the program? What priority areas (for example, health, or economic community development be the focus for sport should development) programs? development Finally, outcomes the literature suggested the continued need to monitor and evaluate of sport objectives of the development meet the overall programs to ensure that they region. A set of relatively simple social indicators (preferably ones that are already ofestablished throughout the region) should be chosen to monitor the impact a sport program. development This review considered the current literature on the relationship between sportconsidered the current between on the relationship literature This review and is a island countries. While there Pacific with a specific focus on the development on sportplethora of research countries, in industrial little focus has been given to world, the developing role within sport’s most notably, and The islands. in the Pacific data on the possible role and primary to compile the available was aim of this review impact of sport to identify its potential role for island countries in order on Pacific this review, As a basis for development. encouraging broad-based data on available the social, economic, health and demographic indicators of each country examined. were The role of sport in outlined, international aid programs was research and the available on the importance of sport and effect presented. Finally, countries was in developing the most sport significant studies on the relationship between and social indicators summarised. were island countries continue to face some particularlyPacific difficult development problems, of which are related to capacity constraints. many It would appear that sport island countries. of the Pacific contributes to the development Yet, sport itself is not a panacea, but rather an instrument that has for development to be effective,proven and efficient. In two particular non-threatening areas — health — sportand community development a significant and direct role. Community- play can cost than more complex and sportlevel health at a much lower a role in improving plays expensive medical care. Meanwhile, sport help to at the community level associations of community,strengthen social capital and the sense as well as reinforce social norms. sportThe literature shows that the impact of correlatesto implement to the time given programs. Short-term the same resonance as longer-term ones. programs do not have impact, lasting any have To sport need to programs be and at the local level sustainable needs tomeet genuine community needs. There be a sense of community ownership, and the capacity and determination within thethe program community to continue with the long term.over be assistance programs may in which development There are various ways delivered, meet understood. To but the principles for an effective program are well the region, specific needs of individual countries in the Pacific be a need there may to targeted sport issues that such programs develop programs. Key development should address are: Summary conclusion and Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Country/territory reports 25 Chapter 3 3

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Chapter 3 Country/territory reports Country reports

This chapter contains sections on each country and territory that 26 participates in the ASP Sports Program. The information is a result of an

extensive process that included the development and completion of

questionnaires and in-country consultations with key stakeholders. The

stakeholders consulted in the preparation of the report included national

governments, National Olympic Committees, National Paralympic

Committees, national sport federations and community groups.

The reports provide insight into the current status of sport in each Pacific SportingPacific Needs Assessment

participating country and territory, as well as identifying priority areas for

development. The priority areas vary across the countries and territories

and are a useful tool in developing a strategy for an effective development

assistance program.

While not recipients of ASP funding, American Samoa and Guam have

participated in specific ASP initiatives and have therefore been included.

The reports provide insight into the current status of sport in each participating country and territory.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Territory American Samoa 27

Capital Pago Pago Population 57 291 (2000)

Introduction Structure of sport

American Samoa is situated in the mid-South ASNOC is responsible for the preparation of Pacific, within sight of Samoa. It has an area teams for regional competitions such as the of 199 square kilometres and a population South Pacific Games and the South Pacific of 57 291. Although it is a territory of the Mini Games, as well as the Summer and United States, it has its own independently Winter Olympic Games. In individual sporting recognised National Olympic Committee. championships for the Oceania region, all The American Samoa National Olympic major American Samoa sports are members Committee (ASNOC) was formed in 1985 of ASNOC. Member sports travel to these and recognised by the International Olympic championships through their affiliation with Committee in 1987. It first competed in the ASNOC and their respective Oceania Olympic Games in Seoul in 1988. International Sport Confederation.

American Samoa is not a direct recipient of The national government runs the assistance through the ASP Sports Program, Department of Parks and Recreation. This but it benefits from the program through department has the responsibility of building its membership in the Oceania National and maintaining sporting fields. There are Olympic Committees. Sport in American five gymnasiums on the island. One Samoa is heavily influenced by its gymnasium is situated on the campus of the association with the United States, American Samoa Community College. The with many of the country’s top athletes other four gymnasiums are located on the travelling to the United States on college four major high-school campuses. Sporting scholarships. While this pathway teams contract the schools for the use of the is recognised as a positive contribution gymnasiums. There is a national stadium, to American Samoan society, it results built in 1997 for the fifth South Pacific Mini in a major drain of the country’s top Games. High-school American football is sporting talent. played at the stadium from September to

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au junior sport programs. sport junior have outstanding Several sports 28 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports Basketball hasaregularprogramforjuniors awarded throughthisprogram. togirls been morethan20collegescholarships therehave program. Overthepastfouryears, especiallyinthejunior girls seen successes, Volleyballbaseball scholarships. hasalso program enrolledinUScollegesthrough more than12baseballplayers fromthis Therearenow League’ programfor18years. this program.Baseballhashadits‘Little haveoutstanding localgolfers comeoutof andsome active formorethan30years soccer andvolleyball. Juniorgolfhasbeen golf, basketball, programs includingbaseball, have superiorjunior sport Several sports programs Junior sport issues. impetus toadvancewomen-in-sport and itishopedthatthiswillprovide the nowoperating associationis women-in-sport A conferences. women-in-sport and world inregional Representatives have participated program. establishawomen-in-sport to withseveralASNOC worked administrators Women insport each week. education classisofferedtoallstudents a physical Atthehigh-schoollevel, 12 years. programsforthoseaged8to provide sport federationsto Samoa reliesonthesport andAmerican curriculum primary-school ofthe Physical educationisnotpart andphysical education Sport tournament. hosted anOceaniajuniorsoccerqualifier soccer 2003, In host localtournaments. unionandsoccerfederationsto the rugby by thestadiumismostlyused calendar year, theremainderof year.December every For Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting participate and learn athleticskills. andlearn participate inwhichtheirchildrencan activities many parentslookforprogramsand This coincideswiththeschoolbreakwhen JuneandendsinAugust. that beginsevery Priority areasforthefuture CocaCola of aresoundingsuccesswiththesupport be OlympicDayThe yearly Runhasproven to performances. coaches andteamsforoutstanding Banquet. Thebanquetrecognisesathletes, ASNOC hasanannualAthleteoftheYear Other programsandactivities popular event. avery Olympic Day Runhasblossomedinto incorporating suitabletraining. incorporating with teachereducationprograms oftheschoolcurriculum, aspart sport and tohavegovernment physical education wouldlike their national region, the in inmany other countries counterparts like their authorities, Samoan sport Physical educationinschools—American maximum benefit. andusefacilities to torun expertise are apriorityinordertoprovide the training programsforathletesandcoaches the establishmentoftrainingfacilities, Training programs — inassociationwith otheravenues. funding programand Oceania NationalOlympicCommittees’ throughthe land. Fundingisbeingsought negotiatingtopurchasefreehold currently for itsmemberassociations.ASNOCis willbeestablishingtrainingfacilities term medium ASNOCactivitiesnowandinthe of Training facilities—themajorfocus ® vrteps e er,the . Overthepasttenyears, Country Cook Islands 29

Capital Avarua Population 17 800 (2003)

Introduction Structure of sport

The Cook Islands is a geographically diverse There are two peak bodies responsible for country comprising low coral atolls in the sport in the Cook Islands: the Ministry of north, and volcanic hilly islands in the south. Youth, Sport and Recreation, and CISNOC. It is in free association with New Zealand. CISNOC is responsible for the preparation of Under the terms of this agreement, Cook teams for international competitions such as Islanders hold New Zealand citizenship and the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, have free access to New Zealand. It has a South Pacific Games and South Pacific Mini total land area of 240 square kilometres, a Games. CISNOC and the Cook Islands population of 17 800 (2003) and an exclusive Government share a unique relationship. economic zone of 1.83 million square CISNOC is, effectively, the delivery arm for the kilometres. programs of the government. This means that Sport, like many activities in the Cook Islands, many of the government’s community and is challenged by the geographic diversity of the grassroots sporting initiatives are delivered by country. Internal travel is expensive and many CISNOC through its Sports Development Unit. of the islands are accessible only by boat — Such an agreement reduces the risk of some journeys can take five days. Accordingly, duplication and offers an effective program the delivery of programs outside the main through reduced costs. island of Rarotonga is expensive and difficult. CISNOC currently employs five full-time The Cook Islands Sports and National staff: a finance manager, sport manager, two Olympic Committee (CISNOC) was recognised sport development officers and an by the International Olympic Committee in administrative officer. In 2003, CISNOC 1986 and competed in Seoul at the 1988 underwent a management audit and Olympic Games. It first attended the restructure coordinated through the Business Commonwealth Games in 1974 in Volunteer Program of the Australian Executive Christchurch, New Zealand. Service Overseas Program.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 30 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports component of teacher training. Physical educationisnowacompulsory education trainingwas offered toteachers. comprehensivehealthandphysical time, forthefirst Qualifications Authority. In2003, accreditation throughtheNew Zealand was re-openedin1999andisseeking The CookIslandsTeachers Training College areas intheCookIslandscurriculum. which areamongtheeightessentiallearning forhealthandphysicalcurriculum well-being, toestablisha The adviserisworking Unit. Advisers physical educationadviserintheCurriculum ofahealthand intheform Government assistance fromtheNew Zealand ofEducation receives the Ministry ofphysical educationandhealth, importance stature intheCookIslands.Recognising andphysical educationaregrowingin Sport andphysical education Sport programs intheouterislands. sport of tofacilitatethedelivery Government both CISNOCandtheCookIslands with associations thatwork ten islandsport potentially eliteyoungathletes.Thereare programforaspiringand scholarship youth andestablishmentofa to outerislands, initiatives outreach programtodeliversport establishment ofan athletes andcoaches, toelite services academy toprovide support include theestablishmentofanationalsport oftheouterislands.Strategies governments federationsandthe with thenationalsport delivered primarilyby CISNOCinconjunction recreational activities.Thesestrategiesare and ofyoungpeopleinsport participation strategies designedtoincreasethe policy identifiesaseriesofintervention inthedevelopment ofyouth.The sport of (2003–06) —recognisingtheimportance Government’s NationalYouth Policy strategic areasintheCookIslands andrecreationareamong11key Sport and14non-Olympicsports). sports (13Olympic CISNOC has27affiliatedsports Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Sport forpeoplewithadisability Sport complement thecurriculum. beincreasedinputofresourcesto to thereneeds toberealised, new curriculum education. Inorderforthebenefitsof system anditisnotlimitedtophysical throughout theCookIslandseducation resources. Theresourceissueispertinent cannot betaughtduetothelackof that where itwillhave curriculum amodern Physical educationisapproachingthestage program. sport ongoingschool is nostructured, lead-up tomajornationalcompetitions.There federations andtendtotake placeinthe generally coordinatedby thenationalsport programsare Friday Schoolsport afternoons. takes placeon schoolsport Non-structured participation of women in sport atalllevels. ofwomeninsport participation of programsdesignedtoincrease the avariety Commissionruns Women inSport regional leaderinthisarea. The CookIslands asa isviewed active andthecountry movement isparticularly The women-in-sport Women insport and trainingassistance. commission willrequiresignificantresource the commission. Asanew initiative, tooperatethe funding fromthegovernment because CISNOCwillnotreceiveadditional sources resource assistancefromexternal commission willrequirefinancialand This within itsexistingframework. commission establishing adisabilitysport CISNOC isexploringthepossibilityof will continueatfutureregionalgames. timeatthe2002ManeaGamesand the first for athletics atregionalgames.Thisoccurred Athleteswithadisabilitycompetein funding. activitiesarelimited duetolackof sport Cook IslandsDisabledAssociation.Disability are drivenby CISNOCinconjunctionwiththe initiatives Committee andalldisabilitysport rudimentary. ThereisnoNationalParalympic intheCook Islandsis Disability sport The women-in-sport movement is particularly active and the country is viewed as a regional leader in this area. reports Country

Of the five full-time employees at CISNOC, two The proposed centre would provide high-level are women. athlete and coach support services, including sport science, sport medicine and video In 2001, the Cook Islands hosted the first analysis, as well as access to information regional women-in-sport workshop. The resources through the Oceania Sport 31 event attracted high-profile speakers including Information Centre and the Australian International Olympic Committee Vice- Sports Commission’s National Sport President Anita de Franz among a host of Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting Information Centre. The government, representatives from the Pacific. CISNOC and the national sport federations Future activities planned by the commission share concern about the level of access to include sport administration courses such resources. specifically designed for women, as well as CISNOC has a very successful national games coaching courses in targeted sports. The structure. At the elite level, the Cook Islands purpose of these workshops is to specifically Games are held every four years. These encourage and increase the number of female games attract many participants from across coaches and administrators. The commission the country. In addition, a series of regional is also planning to hold another regional games are held every four years. Events women-in-sport workshop in the near future. include the Manea Games, the Purapura Games and the Tumutevarovaro Games. Junior sport program

CISNOC, through its Sports Development Priority areas for the future Unit, conducts junior training and coaching sessions throughout the year in the schools Centre of excellence — the Cook Islands and colleges, coinciding with the sports that sport system is ready to establish a centre are played during that term of school: term 1, of excellence to facilitate the development volleyball and soccer; term 2, netball and of elite and potentially elite athletes and rugby union; term 3, athletics; and term 4, coaches. The country has an excellent tennis and basketball. competition structure through national and regional games in addition to the In addition to the programs run by CISNOC, competitions run by the 27 national several national federations conduct junior federations. The challenge is to provide development programs with assistance from sufficient resources for athletes identified the Sports Development Unit. The national through this competition pathway to soccer federation is viewed as the most develop into elite athletes who can active, with its junior structure well in place compete on the international stage. and achieving solid participation growth. The support structures that need to be provided by a centre of excellence include: access to the latest resources through the Other programs, activities and issues Australian Sports Commission’s National High on the agenda for the development of Sport Information Centre and the Oceania sport is the establishment of a centre of Sport Information Centre (Suva, Fiji); excellence for elite athletes and coaches. athlete testing and monitoring services;

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 32 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports outer islands. inthe particularly inschools, curriculum ofthe needed tofacilitatedelivery Training College.Additionalresourcesare program throughtheCookIslandsTeacher through acomprehensiveteachertraining canbeenhanced this new curriculum be inplace2005.Theeffectivenessof national physical will education curriculum anditisanticipatedthata Government assistance fromtheNew Zealand Cook Islandshasreceivedsignificant —the Physical educationandschoolsport oftravel. cost because ofthe that oftenmissoutontrainingopportunities fortheouterislandcommunities particularly development intheCookIslands, sport wouldbeabenefitto education curriculum regionalcoach and educationprograms.A have difficultygaining accesstotraining from juniorandcommunitythroughtoelite, coachesatalllevels As aconsequence, a nationalcoachaccreditationstructure. cannot justifytheexpenseofestablishing theCookIslands thePacific region, in education—like many countries Sport locationforthecentre. a on negotiating withthegovernment centreofexcellence.CISNOCis a Islandsintheestablishmentof Cook training willberequiredtoassistthe ofresourcesand assistance interms up-to-date coachingtechniques.Significant and medicinesupport; basic sport h okIslands. Cook the development in sport to wouldbeabenefit curriculum A regionalcoacheducation Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting hsarea. this Islands isseenasaregionalleaderin have regionalimplicationsastheCook The benefitsofsuchassistancewould program. ambassadors women-in-sport practicemodelsinadditiontoa best resourcesand access tointernational program wouldbeenhancedby increased fromCISNOC.Thebenefitsofthe support thatreceives forwomeninsport structure —thereisanexcellent Women insport by thewiderCookIslands population. achieved bywork theunitcanbeenjoyed thebenefitsof an outreachprogram, outer islandcommunities.Byestablishing programsto approach todeliveringsport requires aneffectiveandsustainable it Rather, additional financialsupport. this isnotsimplyamatterofseeking programs totheouterislands.Alleviating affects thecapacityofunittodeliver areconstrainedby tightbudgets.This Unit, Development throughtheSports CISNOC, development programsdeliveredby Outreach program—thecommunity and resourcedevelopment. this wouldrequireadditionalstafftraining but Development Unit, through theSports programs CISNOC todeliverdisabilitysport acapacitywithin games. Thereiscertainly introduced attheregionalandnational events arenowbeing disability sport although is inthedevelopmental stage, program —adisabilitysport Disability sport Country Fiji 33

Capital Suva Population 800 000 (2003)

Introduction medal tally behind the French colony of New Caledonia. To host the games, three The archipelago of Fiji comprises about 330 major sporting facilities were built: a islands and 500 islets in the South Pacific multi-purpose gymnasium, an international Ocean. Fiji lies approximately 730 kilometres swimming pool and an international-standard northeast of Sydney and 1930 kilometres water-based synthetic hockey pitch. south of the equator. The majority of the In addition, several new national sport population of 800 000 live on the two facilities were built including a netball centre, biggest islands: Viti Levu (70 per cent) national beach volleyball centre, national and Vanua Levu (20 per cent). Fiji has sailing centre and a baseball diamond. an exclusive economic zone of 1 260 000 These world-class facilities complement an square kilometres. established network of national and Fiji is recognised as a regional leader in community facilities that are the envy of sport. It has a well-established national other Pacific island countries. approach to sport development and achieves The Fiji Association of Sports and National consistently high results on the international Olympic Committee (FASANOC) was formed sporting stage including gold, silver and in 1949 and officially recognised by the bronze medals at the Manchester 2002 International Olympic Committee in 1955. Commonwealth Games. International athletes Fiji first competed in the Olympic Games in such as Vijay Singh and the National Rugby 1956 in Melbourne, and in the Sevens team are among the best in the world Commonwealth Games at the London 1938 in their sport. Empire (Commonwealth) Games. FASANOC Fiji is the administrative ‘home’ of the Oceania has 39 affiliated national federations. National Olympic Committees. As a member of the South Pacific Games In 2003, Fiji hosted the South Pacific Games Council, FASANOC has hosted the South where it finished second overall on the Pacific Games in 1963, 1979 and 2003.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au development ofsportspeople. ofschools intheoverall importance recognises the Government The Fiji 34 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports byinternationally the: South Pacific Games.FASANOC isrecognised Commonwealth Gamesand Olympic Games, games suchasthe teams tomulti-sport andisresponsibleforcoordinatingFiji Fiji FASANOC in representstheinterestsofsport amateur andprofessional)areaffiliated. federations(both All ofthe39nationalsport FASANOC inFiji. istheumbrellabodyforsport facilitiesnationwide. development ofsport Councilforthe Sports given totheFiji from thesaleofTattslotto are productsinFiji whereby theprofits relationship, a working on Australia, (Tattslotto) Company ofVictoria, andtheTattersall Government the Fiji anagreementwas signedbetween In 1994, facilitiesnationwide. development ofsporting andforthemaintenance of sport responsible forthepromotionanddevelopment andis Government established by theFiji authority Councilisastatutory Sports The Fiji development. sport of specificallyforthepurposes funds allocated ofgovernment thedisbursement oversees policyand of onmatters responsible forsport advisestheMinister andSports Opportunities Employment ofYouth, The Ministry Council andFASANOC. Sports theFiji andSports, Opportunities Employment ofYouth, the Ministry include inFiji The key stakeholders insport ofsport Structure the development ofeliteathletesandforthe OlympicCommittee.Forfrom theInternational —aswell asgrants the SuvaApartments — administration isthroughitsbusinessarm FASANOC’s mainsourceoffundingforits South Pacific GamesCouncil. Commonwealth GamesFederation OlympicCommittee International Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting culture andmusicdepartments. education programtocomplementthearts, has announcedtheestablishmentofasport InstituteofTechnologynewly autonomousFiji The physical educationandschoolsport. of theSouthPacific tointroduceadegreein Negotiations areunderway withtheUniversity physical educationteachers. the bodyresponsiblefortrainingof isalso and physical education.Theministry forsport allocating timewithinthecurriculum and responsible fordeveloping thecurriculum whichis of Education, through theMinistry The physical educationprogramisdelivered andphysical education Sport hs include: These programsinFiji. ofsport thedelivery in role institutionsthatplay animportant and There areavarietyofotherorganisations sponsors. Solidarity) anditscorporate OlympicCommittee(Olympic International Government, fundingfromtheFiji on FASANOC relies events, multi-sport for representativeteams preparation ofFiji development strategies oftheir youth programs aspart often responsiblefororganisingsport church andethnicgroupassociations— programs and communitysport andrecreationalfacilities for providing sport provincial andtowncouncils —responsible educationsystem throughout theFiji and physical educationcurriculum for theimplementationofaviablesport ofEducation—responsible the Ministry sportspeople. andemploying programs andevents, sport sponsoring development inFiji, sport in sector—akeythe corporate player The Fiji Government recognises the Suva schools with the long-term aim of importance of schools in the overall expanding the program to the outer provinces development of sportspeople. Fiji hosts two and islands. of the world’s largest school sport carnivals: Several national sport federations conduct the Milo Games for primary schools and the their own programs for juniors under the Kaji

Coca Cola Games for high-school students, reports Country sport model, the largest being the Kaji Rugby which attract participants on an annual basis. program coordinated by the Fiji Rugby Football Union. Sport for people with a disability

An affiliate of FASANOC is the Fiji Sports Other programs and activities Association for Athletes with a Disability, which administers sport for athletes with a FASANOC inaugurated the Fiji Games, a 35 disability. Like all other national federations, biennial multi-sport event, in 1994. Affiliates it has to raise its own funds for its programs. of FASANOC organise competitions in their Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting respective sports where participation is by districts. Over 2000 athletes take part Women in sport in the games. The FASANOC Women-in-Sport Commission In addition, all the national sport is relatively active in Fiji. It is responsible for federations organise national championships looking after the interests of women in sport annually. These events are well organised at all levels and runs various events and and increasingly popular. workshops that aim to increase the participation of women in sport. The number of events run by the Commission is limited Priority areas for the future by funding. Human resource development — to facilitate the employment of suitable Junior sport program and professional personnel by implementing viable human resource Viti Sport was a junior sport program run by development strategies and programs the Sports Development Unit at the Fiji to train Fiji Islanders in all aspects of Sports Council. It comprised four main areas: sport. It is essential that Fiji Na Qito Lailai Program — a motor-learning establishes its own internationally movement exploration program for children recognised programs of human aged three to seven years resource development in sport.

fundamental motor skills program for Facilities — a long-term plan for sport children aged eight to nine years facilities, incorporating national and district-level facilities, needs to be Kaji sport — a modified sport program established by the Fiji Sports Council for children aged 10 to 11 years in consultation with all stakeholders Solimana Program — a leadership program involved in the propagation of sport for children aged 12 to 14 years. development programs. These facilities must be accessible to all sportspeople The program ended when a major sponsor and the community at large to ensure withdrew its support in 2001. It is currently optimal use. There is also a need to seeking financial assistance, without which it develop the necessary human cannot run. resources to ensure that these The junior sport program was delivered facilities are properly used and throughout schools in the Suva region. It is maintained. Since the 2003 South hoped that once external funding is secured, Pacific Games, Fiji has acquired three Viti Sport can once again be delivered in major international-standard sport facilities

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 36 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports and sport medicine practitioners. medicinepractitioners. and sport science andsport administrators coaches, development istheneedtobettereducate emphasis onhumanresource education—central toFiji’sSport medicine staff. sport science and and intrainingsport is requiredintheareaofelitecoaching assistance development. Particular sport viabletoolinelite academy tobecomea and financialassistanceisrequiredforthe Training. Academy ofSports Fiji Resource the ultimately leadtotheestablishmentof thatwill work has alreadystarted Council Sports Development UnitoftheFiji —theSports National academy ofsport program. community sport programsthroughitsoutreach sport so itcanmoreactivelydeliverdisability Association forAthleteswithaDisability Sports beprovided totheFiji to needs resource andtrainingassistance program—significant Disability sport programs. suitable theseandtoconduct manage to and needsmoretrainedpersonnel Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting dcto programs. education Technology todeliversport of Institute SouthPacific andtheFiji the available of throughtheUniversity federations.Thereisanopportunity sport andmoreefficientnational performances lead toimproved international educationprogramwill A nationalsport 2003 SouthPacific Games. updated theirstrategicplansfollowingthe CouncilandFASANOCSports reviewed and boththeFiji of2003, In thelastquarter stakeholders. aspects ofthepolicywithrelevant develop 2004tofurther continuing in policy. nationalsport Work is new resultedinthelaunchingofa which summit, heldasport Opportunities andEmployment Sports Youth, of theMinistry On 11December2003, during1997. Fiji for policy thedraftingofanationalsport to thatled comprehensive planforsport prepared a established in1993, Development Committee, Sports policy—theNational National sport Country Federated States of Micronesia 37

Capital Palikir Population 112 600 (2003)

Introduction

The Federated States of Micronesia, Micronesia faces considerable work in the consisting of the states of Yap, Chuuk, development of truly national sport systems Pohnpei, Kosrae and 607 associated islands, and infrastructure that combine and stretch over 2.5 million square kilometres. showcase the respective states’ talents and It is a country of 112 600 people. potential.

The Federated States of Micronesia generally The country’s four states are centres of performs better than average in sport activity in their own right. The national compared to other Pacific island countries. government is located in the state of Pohnpei. Performances have improved in recent times, Travel and transport within the main island including solid results at the 2003 South of each state is relatively easy, making local Pacific Games and hosting of the Micronesian competition readily available. In contrast, Games in 2002. There has been an competitions held across the country or associated improvement in sport facilities, internationally rely on air transportation, activities and management. Sport is on an which is expensive. upswing and sport leaders in the country are very keen to leverage this trend to move The economy is based on fishing and sport to a significantly higher level, both in tourism, but it relies on a Compact of Free Micronesia and the Pacific region. However, to Association with the United States for a do this, the Federated States of significant source of funds.

The Federated States of Micronesia generally performs better than average in sport compared to other Pacific island countries. Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 38 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports Government system. stakeholders inwhatisacomplexsport andnon-government government key The Federated StatesofMicronesiahas ofsport Structure Paralympic Games. the Olympics in2000.Ithasnotcompeted competedintheSydney 1997andfirst in OlympicCommittee joined theInternational OlympicCommittee(FSMNOC) National The Federated StatesofMicronesia sitidle. whileothers well used, are very facilities Somesport matters. important are Facilities maintenanceandmanagement federation. by eachsport are generallyrun programs andoperationsofday-to-day sport the activities.However, as well asothersport activities oftheNationalOlympicCommittee activity by providing fundingforsome ishelpingtofuelsport The government activity only. seasonal andevent/tournament-based andawaycalendars fromthetendencyfor leading amove towards 12-monthactivity are prominent.Theseprincipalsports very basketball andsoftballare such asbaseball, its tiestotheUnitedStates’system.Sports The country’s systemisinfluencedby sport United States’system. influencedby itstiestothe is The country’s system sport State Sports Commission. State Sports CouncilsandthePohnpei State Sports ChuukandKosrae andtheYap, FSMNOC, with works federal level. Theministry atthe implementing andfundingsport isresponsiblefor Social Affairs Educationand ofHealth, The Ministry Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting links and employs two sport development links andemploys twosport FSMNOChas goodcommunity resourcing. administrative rolerelativeto itslevel of large Olympic Committeethatalso hasa FSMNOC. Itisadevelopment-style National federationsareaffiliatedwith National sport Non-government local and/ormoreisolatedcommunities. programs for sport associations thatrun havegovernments theirownrecreation Numerous localandmunicipal and activities. programs aswell assomesport facilities maintaining andmanagingsport They areresponsibleforproviding, ofYouthDepartment andSocialServices. state’s Commission aresectionsofeach Councils andthePohnpei StateSports The ChuukandKosrae StateSports ciiis fromthelocaltofederallevel. activities, intheir and churchgroupsusesport Community groupssuchastheRedCross students. university for conductsprograms sport University levels ofactivity. varying have federations Individual nationalsport on Yap. sport responsible fortheoverall conductof The Yap Councilis StateSports development level. atthenon-government and sport organisation forsport FSMNOC isregardedasthemain League. Sports being theInterscholastic theprincipalone programs, school sport federations todeliver with nationalsport ofEducation linksdirectly The Department officers (one full time and one part time) who An innovative idea gaining momentum balance their time between active, hands-on at one of the high schools on Pohnpei is a roles in sport development at all levels and wet-weather sport program open to any child the administrative load of the FSMNOC whose outdoor sport program is rained out. office. They also have other roles such as

serving on the executive of national sport reports Country Sport for people with a disability federations or other committees. FSMNOC has 12 affiliated sports, although this can be There is no Paralympic Committee in the multiplied by four because most state sport Federated States of Micronesia. Yap is associations deal with the National Olympic the only state with an organisation that Committee as well as their respective sport deals specifically with sport for people with a councils or commissions. disability. There is a general program for people with a disability on Kosrae. 39 Sports run their own activities and some receive government funding for programs Schools also conduct a Special Olympics in linked to government objectives (for example, May each year for athletes with a disability. Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting health). However, sports have layers of local School sport programs welcome athletes and state government to work through to gain with a disability, but do not specifically cater access to facilities. for them. Disabled athletes are required to compete in existing competitions. Sport and physical education

Schools deliver sport as a compulsory Women in sport subject in primary schools (ages seven to 12 years). Schools also take part in the inter- The Federated States of Micronesia has scholastic sport competition, an ongoing its own women-in-sport organisation school sport program including basketball, (FSM Women in Sport) that is funded volleyball, baseball and table tennis. There is by the International Olympic Committee a desire to also include swimming, tennis and FSMNOC, with which it is closely linked and soccer in this program. The inter- and shares resources. The organisation scholastic sport competition is run in has been set up to address women-in-sport conjunction with the national issues and increase female participation sport federations. in sport. The main issues for women in sport are: There is a network of physical education coordinators in government schools. The modesty — sports such as swimming Department of Education is attempting and volleyball (indoor and beach), and to start additional sport and recreation any other sporting activity that has a fitness programs in an effort to offer figure-hugging or revealing uniform raise activities for children who have time in cultural concerns, and will struggle to have their school programs. many female participants

School sport programs welcome athletes with a disability, but do not specifically cater for them.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 40 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports by: programs are run Junior sport competition based. largelyleague and programsare These organisations. avarietyofsport by run programs juniorsport There arestructured program Junior sport worldwide women-in-sport activities. women-in-sport worldwide or regional any beinvolved in, and with, activitiesandiskeen tolink Day withsport Women’sorganisation celebratesInternational each oftheotherthreestates.The branchesin This isexpectedtobefollowed by Pohnpei organisation. StateWomen inSport a followed by thesettingupof 2003, February heldaconferencein FSM Women inSport mixedgroups. for butitalsoconducts activities league), asoftball stage(forexample, early activitiesareforwomenonlyatthis its of some necessity, By participation. promoteandincrease campaign to anongoingawareness running It isactive, representation. government as well aslocal communitygroups and sport non-government from hasmembership FSM Women inSport nothersections. in Details ontheseactivitiesare included orstates four councilsineachofthe state sport such asfunruns) (forspecialeventsstate governments League) Sports (includingschools the Inter (including talentidentification) federations individual sport returning. with many ofthemnever intheirteenageyears to dropoutofsport drop-out rate—thereisatrendforwomen on homeandfamily traditionencouragewomentofocus and social/family expectations—culture local councils. Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting scholastic Specific issuesare: tosport. develop anationalapproach to Micronesianeeds The Federated Statesof islandsoutside Pohnpei. and generally morepressingonthestates Thelackoffacilitiesis governments. arethe responsibility ofstate which themaintenance ofexistingfacilities, and facilities about thelackofpublicsport federations areconcerned National sport sport. help organiseandrun to andnotrainingforvolunteers and officials, are noongoingtrainingprogramsforcoaches there Inaddition, sectors. and non-government atalllevels inthegovernment administrators inthecaseofsport This isespeciallytrue having asufficientnumberofqualifiedpeople. One ofthecountry’s issuesis majorsport effectonantisocialbehaviour.has adeterrent keeping peopleactiveandphysically fitand isconsideredto offer healthbenefitsby Sport activities accordingly. andprioritises annualfunding this on strategy sport Itbasesits personnel. appropriation offundstopay forits direct FSMNOC receivesanannual, federations. sport up andoperationalstatusofthenational activitiesincludingassistingwiththeset- and development initiatives significant sport itisalso responsiblefor Olympic Games, SouthPacific and including theMicronesian, events, and deliverathletestomajorsporting while itshighestpriorityistohelpprepare administrative capacity. Thismeansthat FSMNOC actsinbothadevelopment and development plan. policy ornationalsport have currently itsownnationalsport not The Federated StatesofMicronesiadoes activitiesandissues Other programs, home staterather thanwiththeircountry. athletes choosingtoidentify withtheir with There isalackofnationalidentity, destiny. own andwishestocontrolits traditions, Each statehasitsowncultureand States build facilities but maintenance and There is a lack of coaches. management suffer due to lack of funds. Communication between the state Sport councils or commissions branches of the National Olympic direct the spending of any funds Committee and their respective state sport for representative sport. councils or commission should be addressed as part of a national reports Country Sports register nationally (with the sport strategy. National Olympic Committee) but operate on a state basis.

Due to the high cost of travel, federation Priority areas for the future boards with inter-state representation meet National sport policy — there is a pressing only annually. This affects their ability to need to develop a national sport policy. 41 deliver federally coordinated activities. The policy would set overall direction and One FSMNOC executive member, who objectives of sport for government and Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting also serves on the executive of a non-government sport stakeholders for national sport federation, is examining the medium to long term. It would address ways to structure national sport the current major issue of developing federations to enable them to become a national approach to sport, linking more effective and efficient. independent states and structures together for the long-term benefit of all Government sport structure and the the country’s sport. National Olympic Committee are well Sport education — a comprehensive established. The challenge will be how to sport education and development increase the effectiveness of the national program is needed for all people involved sport federations within this context. in running sport including administrators, Various churches throughout the Federated coaches, officials and volunteers. States of Micronesia conduct their own sport The program would address sport activities. As sport in the country is governance issues as well as the significantly segmented and church groups administration and management of are irregular participants in general sporting organisations at local, state and community sport, the question becomes how federal levels, and would be suitable both best to incorporate church sport into the for government and non-government sport broad sport structure in a manner that is personnel. Education programs for satisfactory to all parties. coaches and officials would be a feature, along with a comprehensive volunteer Some other sport-specific details are: development program. There is a lack of planning for future Sport handbook — as part of the sport sport development. education and development program, National and state sport federations feel a ‘how to’ sport handbook could be there are too many layers of administration produced, primarily for sport administrators to access facilities. but also for coaches and officials.

Cultural issues and family ties are a factor to consider in people’s time and availability for sport.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 42 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports and availability forsport. toconsiderinpeople’sfactors time Cultural issuesandfamilytiesare with continued government financial with continuedgovernment federations andassociations.Inconjunction facilityleases tosport cost sport couldofferlow- thegovernment example, facilities.For management ofsporting environments requiresthemaintenanceand facilities—creatingsustainablesport Sport sport. of ofthebenefits improved understanding generally. Oneresultofthiswouldbe andpoliticallinks communityelders with toenhance existinglinks developed overlooked. Strategiescouldbe be shouldnot communication withelders — Links withcommunityelders help meethealthobjectives. couldbeusedto demonstrate howsport television andprintmedia.Itwould andhealththroughradio, benefits ofsport program wouldpromotethelinksand would beofgreatvalue.Theeducation communityeducationprogram government feedback suggestsamultimedia Community educationprogram— Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting responsibility fortheirownexistence. andtakeorganisations tobetterdetermine thiswouldthenallowsport support, oce,ofcasadta management. officialsandteam coaches, forathletes, advice andotherinformation health food, include guidelinesfortravel, pressures andexpectations.Topics could manual covering representativeissues, sport face-to-face presentationswitha competitions. Theprogramcouldcombine international butrare, from highlyvalued, assist teamsingainingmaximumbenefit would ifdeveloped, education program, Events education—amajorevents producing representative-level athletes. thechancesof (and fun)andincrease moresuccess inwhichthey willhave sport ofsteeringchildrentowards the benefit the has would bemostsuited.This whichthey to children identifythesport identification. Theprogramwouldhelp intheareaoftalent personnel training Micronesia hasnoresourcesfor of selection—the Federated States Sport Territory Guam 43

Capital Agana Population 163 941 (2003)

Introduction The Guam National Olympic Committee (GNOC) was formed in 1987. Twenty-four Successful in sport at the Micronesian level, national federations are affiliated with GNOC. Guam is now facing the prospect Guam first competed in the Olympics in of developing its sport structure and Seoul in 1988. It has not competed in the performance for the next level. This will be Paralympic Games. a considerable leap as Guam wishes to become a major competitor in the Pacific region and beyond. Structure of sport Guam is fortunate that transportation costs Guam epitomises the phrase ‘sport runs to local competitions are not prohibitive. sport’. There is no national government Nevertheless, its isolation in relation to agency responsible for sport. The the rest of the world means international Department of Parks and Recreation competition remains expensive. maintains facilities and provides access for While Guam is not a direct recipient of sport federations. There are significant resort ASP Sports Program funding, it benefits from facilities but these require membership, the program through its association with the which is not universally affordable. Oceania National Olympic Committees. There is a clear delineation between sport and Guam’s sport system is closely modelled on government in Guam. To a large extent, the the US system with activities that tend to be Department of Parks and Recreation, GNOC, seasonal and often event based. Most sport individual sport federations, local government, is funded through sponsorship and education and the resorts carry out their own participants’ fees. In the last two years, sport sport activities with limited interaction. facilities have generally been run down or damaged as a result of typhoons. However, a Sports operating with systems closest to new major sport resort complex may hold a club structure are swimming, canoeing promise for sport options for locals as well as (paddling), basketball, baseball, track and tourists. field, football and volleyball.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 44 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports preference forteamsports. witha inmany sports, women participate women donotneedspecificprogramsbecause thereisabeliefthat Committee. Generally, Guam hasaWomen Sports andGirls inothersports. any restrictions onparticipating womendonotface program, women-in-sport While wrestlinghastheonlydedicated Women insport intocompetitions. entry they arenotrefused athletes withadisability, programs donotcaterspecificallyfor sport identifiedasaneed.Whileexisting been peoplewithadisabilityasthishasnot for program There isnoseparateschoolsport and trackfield. swimming, whichincludes tennis, two years, disability. GuamholdsaSpecialOlympicsevery program forpeoplewitha ongoing sport There isnoParalympic Committeeandno forpeoplewithadisability Sport education programare: physical and growthofaschoolsport the limiting thatare Some identifiedfactors GNOC. or federations theindividualnationalsport to programs independently. Therearefew links sport ofEducationruns The Department basketball andvolleyball. wrestling, football, baseball, softball, by programs andsomeinter-schoolleaguesrun sport Children canjoinout-of-schoolhours andphysical education Sport league andseasonal based. and is largely isoperatedby individualsports It program. juniorsport Guam hasastructured program Junior sport when there are staffing and budgetary issues. when therearestaffingandbudgetary programaffected tendstobethefirst sport few physical inschools educationteachers sport of a generallackofthesenseimportance Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Some sport-specific issues are: Some sport-specific Pacific. then potentiallyattractotherathletesfromthe could hubforMicronesia. This be thesport to wouldaim MicronesianInstituteofSport The MicronesianInstitute ofSport. the as institutetobeknown ownmulti-sport its Guam hasdiscussedtheideaofdeveloping active capacity. demonstrating thosesports GNOC supports Program. Sports involvement withtheASP ithaslimited anon-Commonwealth country, As funding. GNOC doesnotreceivegovernment MiniGames. Pacific OlympicsandSouth AsianGames, East SouthPacific Games, MicroGames, the theregionineachfour-yearcycle: in events atthefivemajor performance the at MostGNOCactivitiesareaimed sports. andamong, GNOC actsasaliaisonwith, activitiesandissues Other programs, Priority areasforthefuture junior sport programsareconductedby: junior sport federations, fromthenationalsport Apart sfnruns). fun as (forspecialeventsgovernment such ofParks andRecreation the Department schools participation bothlocally andinternationally.participation forlonger-term pathways andopportunities Development ofstrategiesthatcreate and trainingvolunteers. would helpaddressthesituation ofretaining Avolunteer development program officiating. coachingand areas ofadministration, totrainqualifiedpeopleinthe opportunities Human resourcedevelopment —increased affected by strongculturalcommunities. canbe suchasleagues, sustained activities, events ratherthanongoingactivities on tends tofocus volunteer participation facilitieslacksufficientmaintenance sport Country Kiribati 45

Capital Tarawa Population 88 100 (2003)

Introduction The Kiribati Sports Authority is the ministry’s delivery arm. Since the enactment of the Kiribati has a total land mass of just Kiribati Sports Authority Act in November 811 square kilometres spread over 3 million 1999, the authority has been the official square kilometres of ocean, with an exclusive government body for overseeing sport affairs. economic zone of 3.6 million square To date, the authority’s main function has kilometres. Kiribati comprises three coral been to supervise the National Games, island groups and has a population although these will now become the of 88 100 (2003). responsibility of KNOC. The authority is also The delivery of sport in Kiribati is limited by the body responsible for developing and the geographically dispersed nature of the maintaining sport facilities, including the country, coupled with its difficult economic new multi-purpose facility in Betio (Tarawa). situation. Of its 33 constituent atolls, KNOC was formed in November 2002. 21 are inhabited. The challenge for sport In July 2003, it was formally recognised development is to deliver programs across by the International Olympic Committee. such a large geographic area. The high Kiribati will compete in its first Olympic cost of domestic travel exacerbates Games in Athens 2004. this challenge. KNOC is primarily responsible for preparing teams for major international multi-sport Structure of sport events such as the Olympic Games, Kiribati has two peak bodies responsible for Commonwealth Games, South Pacific Games sport: the Ministry of Education, Youth and and South Pacific Mini Games. KNOC has Sport, and the Kiribati National Olympic eight affiliated sports, as well as traditional Committee (KNOC). sports that are not affiliated but participate in its programs.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 46 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports longer-term sustainability.longer-term whichaffects withincommunities, based initiatedby expatriatestemporarily been programs.Oftenthesehave school sport federationshave attemptedtodeliver sport someothernational Aside fromathletics, program. morecomprehensiveschoolsport a The costoftravel isasignificantobstacleto recordswere made. national recordswere broken andninenew 28 are risingrapidly. Atthe2003meeting, standards school-aged athletes.Asaresult, trainingamong contributed tolonger-term competition todate.Thistwo-day meet was thebiggest 14 teamsin2003, whichgrew to inter-school athleticscarnival, regularly. activitythatisrun The school sport althoughathletics istheonly competitions, Some schoolsorganisetheirowninternal South Tarawa thanontheouterislands. althoughthisis morethecaseon facilities, Most schoolshave sufficientequipmentand certification. school examinablesubjectforjunior an as Itmay schoolcurriculum. betaken the in Physical educationplays anintegralrole andphysical education Sport fiitdwt NC(tltc,basketball, affiliated withKNOC(athletics, tennisandtabletennis.Allsports soccer, in particularly 2003 SouthPacific Games, well represented by womenathletesatthe inthevillages.Kiribatiwas also particularly amongwomen, popularsport a very ishigh.Volleyball is however, physical activity, and ofwomen insport The participation the roleofwomeninhomeandfamily. on Kiribati cultureplacesahighimportance Women insport Kiribati hasnoParalympic Committee. Korea in2002. shot-put) totheFESPICGamesinSouth disabled trackandfieldathlete(discus Kiribatisentone level, On aninternational forpeoplewithadisability. strategy sport who areinneed.Thereisnospecificnational disability liesintheneedtoidentifythose delivering programstargetingpeoplewitha to development programforthem.Abarrier ofacomprehensivesport the delivery Thishinders significantpublicsupport. garner peoplewitha disability donot In Kiribati, forpeoplewithadisability Sport Kiribati was … well represented by women athletes at the 2003 South Pacific Games. Country reports Country

football, taekwondo, table tennis, tennis, family should have a significant impact on the volleyball and weightlifting, plus the traditional capacity of Kiribati to undertake sport sports) have competitions for women. development. Some factors, such as the dispersed nature of the country and the high KNOC has an executive member position cost of travel, are difficult to overcome. of vice-president for women in sport. However, there are some areas that will benefit 47 significantly from donor assistance: Junior sport program Facilities — development of appropriate Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting Junior sport in Kiribati generally refers to facilities and management and activities for people under 30 years of age. maintenance plans. The majority of youth sport activities are School sport and physical education coordinated by church groups. With the youth program — school sport and physical and sport portfolios now under one ministry, education are expensive, requiring a national youth sport policy should be significant resource and capital input, developed and implemented. including teacher training, equipment distribution and curriculum review Other programs, activities and issues and development.

A new soccer pitch and indoor multi-sport Disability sport program — with no existing arena are scheduled for completion in 2004 program in Kiribati, a sport and physical in Betio (Tarawa). While a much-needed boost activity program for people with a disability for sport in Kiribati, particularly in Tarawa, would be a substantial contribution to sport there are already concerns as to its long-term and community development in the country. viability. Facility maintenance, funding and Sporting outreach program — a program, expertise are emerging as key issues for this comprising resource and education first major sport complex as well as existing infrastructures, would have a positive facilities in the country. impact on sport participation for I-Kiribati Another key issue is the overall lack of in the outer islands. facilities nationally, particularly in the outer National sport policy — KNOC is in the islands. However, the development of basic enviable position of being able to benefit facilities is prevented due to the costs from the lessons learnt by other small involved and the availability of land. countries in the region (such as FSM and Palau) that have recently established National Olympic Committees. A national Priority areas for the future sport policy, developed by, and defining the Sport in Kiribati is going through a significant roles of, all key stakeholders will map out transition. KNOC’s entry into the Olympic the direction of sport development.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Country Marshall Islands (Republic of the) 49

Capital Majuro Population 54 000 (2003)

Introduction

The Republic of the Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands has undergone major comprises a group of two island chains changes to organise its sporting structures. (Ratuk and Ralik) dispersed over However, it still faces considerable work with approximately 1.2 million square kilometres individual sports in order to make progress. with a total population of 54 000. The capital Up to the mid-1990s, out of necessity, the and centre of activity is the atoll of Majuro. government maintained and administered The Marshall Islands is located about halfway sport programs. The move towards non- between Hawaii and Australia, making it one government sport governance has taken some of the most isolated countries on earth. time, but government/ The United States maintains an air base non-government delineation is now evident. on Kwajalein Island. Sport activity is primarily seasonal, or The Marshall Islands has close historical tournament or event based. The exceptions and financial ties with the United States. are basketball and volleyball, which dominate There is a Compact of Free Association with sport. They are the sports that involve the United States for general funding, and its year-round activity. Sport sponsorship is systems and infrastructure (including sport) difficult to obtain, although regional are heavily influenced by it. competitions such as the Micronesian Games do attract some sponsors. The Marshall Islands has been active in sport for many years but its sport history The Marshall Islands National Olympic has not been ideal. It has a presence in Committee (MINOC) was formed in 2000, sport in Micronesia and the Pacific region but is not formally recognised by the and has competed in competitions around International Olympic Committee. the world when financial support has The Marshall Islands has not participated been available. in the Olympics or Paralympics.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 50 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports and Education program (see ‘Sport and and Education program(see‘Sport and theCommunity After-schoolRecreation organisations such asWaan AeloninMajel have apresence.Somecommunity organisations also seasonal. Non-government are basketball andvolleyball. Allothersports whichisinvolved withyear-round club, Eachcommunityhasasport structure. sport make upthebulkofnon-government federations MINOC andtheindividualsport Non-government matters. todiscussallsport quarterly ofEducationmeet MINOC andtheMinistry andRecreation, ofSport The Department providing themainpathway for sport. basically programs, sport run These officers onsomeoftheotherlargerislands. officers sport Majuro. Therearealsolocalgovernment thetwomainvillageson DelapandLaura, in activities outsport carry Local governments wrestling andpaddling. weightlifting, swimming, trackandfield, tennis, table tennis, softball, volleyball, in basketball, clubs toorganiseleaguesandtournaments youthgroupsandindividualsport schools, andlinkwithlocalgovernment, activities, manages. Thestaffconductallgymnasium whichitownsand nationalgymnasium, the hasastaff ofseven basedat department andRecreation.The ofSport Department throughits isresponsibleforsport Affairs ofInternal theMinistry At thenationallevel, Government structure. sport elements toits non-government and Islandshasgovernment The Marshall ofsport Structure gain thisrecognition. National Olympic withtheOceania and isengaged bidforOlympicrecognition… its towards MINOC hasbeenworking Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Committees to Committees omtest gainthisrecognition. Committees to engaged withtheOceaniaNationalOlympic Olympic recognitionsince2002andis towards itsbidfor MINOC hasbeenworking seven ofwhichhave affiliation. international MINOChas12 affiliatedsports, of sport. ordevelopmentinvolved inthedirectrunning development stafforget employ itsownsport Itdoesnothavefunding. theresourcesto MINOCdoesnotreceivegovernment and MINOC. They donotpay anaffiliationfee federationsareaffiliatedwith National sport Affairs. ofInternal Ministry ofthe vice-presidents isalsotheSecretary oneoftheMINOC Atpresent, in sport. physical education’below)arealsoinvolved paddling and long-distance running. Athletes paddling andlong-distance running. trackandfield, swimming, soccer, volleyball, baseball, competitions in basketball, activitiesanditsown The programruns Majuro schools. andoperatesinalleight including MINOC, partners operations. Theprogramhas 29 Compactof Free Associationforits the through million over threeyears US$2.7 Education programhasreceived and The CommunityAfter-schoolRecreation programs. conduct any ofitsownsport doesnot activities.Theministry sport Recreation andEducationtoconductschool Education contractsCommunityAfter-school of operating onotherislands.Theministry andphysical educationprograms sport Majuro atoll.Therearefew organisedschool programthatoperates onlyonthe sport Education programisanout-of-school-hours The CommunityAfter-schoolRecreationand andphysical education Sport with a disability are welcome to participate, the over-30 age group. The 30-year age although there is no dedicated program was targeted as many women tend to have for them. children by that age and become less active in sport. The program also covers nutrition and education topics and has extended to include Modesty is the main consideration that parents and the broader community because inhibits women’s involvement in sport. reports Country the lack of parental involvement with children Any sporting activity that has a figure-hugging has been identified as an issue. or revealing uniform will raise cultural concerns. However, this is changing due to While the Community After-School increasing western influence. Recreation and Education program addresses one need, there is no school sport or physical education program. Junior sport program 51

A number of sports have structured leagues

Sport for people with a disability and tournaments that are conducted at Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting various times of the year. Apart from the There is no Paralympic Committee in the national sport federations, junior sport Marshall Islands. To meet the needs of programs are run by: people with a disability, the Ministry of Education partially funds a special education schools, through the Community program. The program operates from several After-school Recreation and public school campuses and caters for Education program approximately 230 participants with various local governments disabilities. It conducts activities in such areas as sign language skills and recreation the national government and is also involved in wheelchair basketball, non-government organisations. track and field, table tennis and volleyball. Special education also conducts an annual Details of these are provided in other walkathon for athletes with a disability in sections of this report. conjunction with Disability Week. The special education program conducts its activities Other programs, activities and issues independently of national sport federations and MINOC. While there is no national sport policy, MINOC has developed a national sport development plan and has submitted it to the Oceania Women in sport National Olympic Committees for review.

The Marshall Islands is active in advancing MINOC acts as a liaison with and among women-in-sport issues. Two national sports. Most of its activities are aimed at the non-government organisations — Women’s country’s performance at regional games and Athletic Club and Women United Together in world championships. the Marshall Islands — organise and support Boston University has a graduate program women in sport. MINOC and the individual called World Teach, funded by China, that sports are keen to explore ways to strengthen supplies up to 12 graduates per year to the this area. Marshall Islands on 12-month placements. The Department of Sport and Recreation Most of these placements are in teaching conducts a biennial national women’s and extra-curriculum development activities. multi-sport event (the next event is in August This extends to sport and those graduates 2005). The event involves women who are who have sport skills (for example, playing 30 years and under. Once the event is more and coaching). established, the goal is to expand to include

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 52 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports individual sport development. individual sport movement andtoorganisegeneral Islands’admission totheOlympic Marshall anddirecttheprocessof oversee consultant/contractorto sport full-time a proceed withtheappointmentof MINOC development. Hehasrequestedthat asanavenue foryouthand national sport The country’s Presidentiskeen topromote andthecouncilisnecessary.government fromboth support acceptance. Therefore, initiativetogain forany sport is important whosesupport There isaCouncilofChiefs, dual-language presentationandmaterial. thismeansaddedcostsin government, MINOCandthe intoaccount.For this development initiativesmusttake sport soresourcesand language, second Many residentshave Englishastheir and sustaincompetitions. teams toform struggle othersports facilities, andwithbasketball takingmost facilities, competition foraccesstolimitedsport There isconstant the nationalsports. andfastslow-pitchsoftballare volleyball, Islands hasaneedforfacilities.Basketball, theMarshall Like most Pacific countries, with avenues foremployment andactivity. provide youthatrisk skillsto contemporary with combinestraditionalsport Majel, Waan Aelonin One communitygroup, evidence ofthesuccessthisidea. programsexistshownotable these sport risk’. Thestatisticsindelinquencywhere and volleyball leaguestargeting‘youthat Clubprovide basketball and LauraSports MissionPacific Organisation, Ajeltake Sports organisationssuchasthe Non-government case-by-case basis. a on submitsanapplicationtotheministry it event thatrequiresfunding, international inthelead-uptoany nationalor However, inregionaltournaments. participation funding requestsfromMINOCfor hasfullysupported Thegovernment sport. There isnosetbudgetfornon-government Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting their Olympic recognition. Currently MINOC: their Olympicrecognition.Currently Olympic Committeestoprepareabidfor withtheOceaniaNational MINOC isworking recognition andsocio-economic growth. international contribute tosocialcohesion, Islandsisseento intheMarshall Sport Some specificissuesare: sport. full-timejobsoutsideof have who positions areheldby volunteers, people.Many ofthecurrent qualified full-timeadministrativestaffand of fundingalsoinhibitstheemployment of lack refereesandofficials.A athletes, administration toqualifycoaches, sport technicalassistanceand international thereisaneedforincreased but qualified peopletoadministersport, and There isgenerallystrongsupport fMINOC of recognising theelectionandformation and women’s slow-pitchsoftball fishing spear all-around, canoe, soccer, volleyball, basketball, weightlifting, swimming, fast-pitchsoftball, athletics, table tennis, federations fortennis, national holds alettersignedby its standing good federationsrecognisingtheir sport frominternational has receivedsixletters communities’ sporting andnational Islands totheinternational fromtheRepublicofMarshall body ‘sole nationalrepresentativesports is recognisedby asthe thegovernment constitution and by-laws has draftedacharter, athletes needtechnicalassistance. fundstoconductevents personal access committees often peopleonsport round year committeesoperate few sport very development plan. has developed anationalsport Sport in the Marshall Islands is also that lists actions, those responsible considered as a motivator: and timelines.

to help youth at risk Multi-sport regional event — the Marshall Islands wants to hold a large multi-sport to offer participants alternatives to regional event. An event of this nature

antisocial behaviour. For example, in the reports Country will drive facilities development and help Community After-school Recreation and greatly in giving sport the boost it needs. Education program, participants cannot This fits well with the Oceania National compete if they are under the influence of Olympic Committees’ objective of drugs and must remain drug free for the development through competition. entire playing season. Management education program — a Sport is used as an incentive in education. sport federation management-education 53 If children miss school or fail to do an program is required to provide ongoing assignment, they have to miss out on sport. access to training and education This has proven to be a successful motivator. Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting opportunities for those involved in Sport is considered to be the main way to national sport federation executives. help with social issues such as teen suicide Volunteer education program — a (the Marshall Islands has the highest rate of volunteer education and development teen suicide in the Pacific). program is required to raise awareness Generally, there is a high level of poverty in and provide volunteers with training and the Marshall Islands. Access to sporting support. This program would be aimed at equipment and the cost of participation are all levels of sport in both government significant concerns. A baseball, bat, cap and and non-government sectors. glove are valued items to own. Coach and official development program — there is a very low number of qualified coaches and officials, but a high level of Priority areas for the future interest. There is a need for a development Olympic status — the Marshall Islands’ program to produce qualified coaches and highest sport priority is to gain Olympic officials to help organise and conduct sport status and have MINOC established as a activities. National Olympic Committee. Sport resource centre — a sport resource Sport development officer — there centre (electronic, hardcopy and visual) for is an urgent need to appoint a paid administrators, coaches and officials with full-time sport manager to strengthen dual-language resources (Marshallese MINOC’s activities, communication and English) would benefit sport and coordination. development.

National sport policy — the Marshall ‘Pathways in sport’ resource — the Islands needs to develop a national sport national sport federations feel they need policy to determine roles, responsibilities to produce a ‘pathways in sport’ resource and working relationships of all sport to attract and retain participants stakeholders and to give direction and (particularly children) in sport and show government support. The policy should them the potential benefits sport can bring be produced in conjunction with a in terms of recognition, travel and development or implementation plan international experience.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Country Nauru 55

Capital Aiwo-Yaren Population 12 100 (2003)

Introduction Structure of sport

The island of Nauru comprises an area of just Nauru’s Department of Sport is within the over 21 square kilometres, with an exclusive Ministry of Health. The department has a economic zone of 320 000 square kilometres modest budget, which has been reduced and a total population of 12 100. Nauru has in recent years. one of the highest rates of diabetes and one NNOC is responsible for developing elite sport of the lowest rates of life expectancy in the and preparing teams for participation in elite Pacific. international competitions such as Nauru faces one of the most, if not the most, the Olympic Games, Commonwealth challenging sporting landscapes in the region, Games, South Pacific Games and South primarily because of its size (both geographic Pacific Mini Games. and demographic) and its depressed local NNOC has 17 affiliated sports including economy. Despite this, Nauru has become a Olympic and non-Olympic sports. leading weightlifting country, winning two gold, five silver and eight bronze medals at the Manchester 2002 Commonwealth Games. Sport and physical education

The Nauru National Olympic Committee (NNOC) Nauru has no uniform school sport or physical was formed in 1991 and was recognised by the education curriculum or program. There are International Olympic Committee in 1994. It no professionally qualified teachers to deliver competed at its first Olympic Games in Atlanta sport and physical education. This is a in 1996 and its first Commonwealth Games in contributing factor to the lack of youth and 1990 in Auckland. Nauru has not yet competed teenage participation in sport. Nauru’s in the Paralympic Games. Department of Sport, Department

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 56 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports development in Nauru —alackofadequate development inNauru thatthreatensotherareasofsport one isthesame inNauru womeninsport of The mainfactoraffectingthe development 2002 Commonwealth Games. winning gold attheManchester a weightlifter, withReannaSolomon, stage the international Nauru’s femaleathleteshave hadsuccesson NNOC. with commissionthatwillbeaffiliated sport establishawomenin underway to are althoughplans beenestablished, has unit women-in-sport formal No Nauru. to movement isnew The women-in-sport Women insport and resources. equipment disabilityduetoalackoffunds, a programsforpeople with doesnotrun and hasnotcompetedatany Games country the Paralympic International Committee, the Paralympic Committeeisrecognisedby WhiletheNauru disabilityinNauru. a program forpeoplewith There isnosport forpeoplewithadisability Sport education. physical trainingin candidates forformal whoaresuitable identified teachers Nauru’s ofEducationhas Department organisations. sport factor amongnationalfederationsandlocal equipment.Thisisalsoasignificant sport Problems areexacerbatedby thelackof isapriority.this shortcoming agreethatresolving EducationandNNOC of international stage. international successon the had have Nauru’s femaleathletes Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting r women. are Two ofNNOC’s 11boardmembers organisations. withexternal communicate office spaceandresourceswithwhichto run activejuniordevelopment programs. run that football aretheonlyfederationsinNauru federations. Weightlifting andAustralian responsibility ofthenationalsport arethe initiativesinNauru Junior sport program Junior sport hnei h oeeal uue given intheforeseeablefuture, change Thissituationisunlikely to other countries. intellectualassistancefrom on financialand increasingly relied has new facilitiesinNauru of theconstruction facilities. Inrecentyears, resources neededtobuildandmaintainsport The secondfactoristhelackoffinancial basis. even onatemporary findtheland required, to toberealised becauseofaninability yet athleticsfacilityis atemporary construct offerby to theAustralianGovernment an which isincreasinglyhardtofind.Indeed, theavailability ofsuitableland, subject to ofany Theconstruction facilitiesis Nauru. in This hasramificationsfordeveloping sport organisations. government or leaselandto areincreasinglyreluctanttosell Landowners area tojust20percentoftotallandmass. mining hasreducedthecountry’s habitable isprivatelyowned.Phosphate in Nauru Mostland factorislandownership. The first of sport. threaten thedelivery uniquetoNauru, Two significantfactors, activitiesandissues Other programs, the country’s current economic climate. Sport information and resource In 2001, construction began on an indoor facility — a sport information and multi-purpose gymnasium, only for progress resource facility would provide sporting to stall in 2002 after the donor country organisations with information on coaching withdrew the funds. The Nauru Government and management, internet access,

does not have funds to complete the communication services, basic office reports Country construction and the building now lies and filing services, audiovisual services, incomplete and is rapidly decaying. meeting and conference venues, and qualified staff to manage the facility. Nauru’s national sport federations have identified three main priority areas: Administrative skills education — national federations need to develop training qualified coaches and access their administrative skills by hosting to coach education programs 57 sport education workshops. They also training local sport administrators and need administrative and management

access to sport administration courses resources. Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting

access to information technology Sport facilities — international-standard resources including the Oceania Sport facilities need to be developed. A Information Centre and the Australian swimming pool, an upgraded athletics Sports Commission’s National Sport track and field, and a multi-purpose field Information Centre. for Australian football, soccer and other field sports have been identified as local requirements. Priority areas for the future Coach education programs — coaching Sport and physical education curriculum — expertise needs to be developed, Nauru needs to create, implement and allowing targeted coaches to complete deliver a school sport and physical courses in coaching principles and education curriculum. Formal training of sport-specific accreditation. physical education teachers and supply of Overseas scholarship opportunities — equipment would facilitate the delivery of providing elite athletes with an increase such a curriculum. in overseas scholarship opportunities. Sport medicine education — Nauru needs International experts could also be provided to develop its sport medicine knowledge. to deliver in-country coaching courses. Formal training for an existing medical practitioner and education of existing coaches and administrators in modern sport medicine practices are required.

In recent years, the construction of new facilities in Nauru has increasingly relied on financial and intellectual assistance from other countries.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Country Niue 59

Capital Alofi Population 1650 (2003)

Introduction While NISANOC aims to become part of the Olympic family, this cannot occur at Niue is located in the centre of a triangle present because Niue is a self-governing of Polynesian islands, made up of Tonga, territory in free association with New Samoa and the Cook Islands. Niue is Zealand and therefore does not meet the 2400 kilometres northeast of New Zealand, necessary criteria. The International Olympic on the eastern side of the International Committee reviewed its membership criteria, Date Line. which now prevents countries such as Niue At the peak of its population, Niue had from becoming a member. Cook Islands, more than 10 000 permanent residents, American Samoa and Guam achieved but this has dropped to approximately 1650. membership status before the International Sport and physical activity in Niue are Olympic Committee changed its guidelines. vehicles to bring the community together, NISANOC conducts its own sport activities. and participation is encouraged at all levels. The most commonly played sports are netball While sport maintains an important role in and rugby union. Niue, its organisation and management is the Primary and secondary schools in Niue are responsibility of a few dedicated people who working to improve their development and hold many positions within the community. delivery of physical education and sport. Physical education has been formally taught Structure of sport in the high school since 2002. In 2003, physical education was recognised for the The Niue Island Sports Association and first time as an academic subject on the National Olympic Committee (NISANOC) is National Certificate Education Achievement the peak non-government sport association Award. Very little physical education is taught with which national sport federations affiliate. in the primary school, however, NISANOC There are 19 sport associations, and 14 of conducts some sport sessions in a program these are national sport federations. called Tama Mana. NISANOC is not recognised by the International Olympic Committee. Niue does not have a national sport policy.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au the year. throughout are conducted atothertimes althoughother sports netball, and union predominantly onrugby The schoolnowfocuses 60 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports sporting activitiesinthecommunity.sporting physical andother educationcurriculum There arenolinksbetween thehighschool’s program. outside towndonotaccessthe childrenfrom duringholidays, school busruns centre isonlyforAlofichildrenandbecauseno perception thatwhatisdoneintheAlofitown intheAlofitowncentre.Thereisa program run butthereisaschoolholiday activities, sporting anyThe schooldoesnotrun after-school houses. sport four oneof Studentscompetein afternoons. conductedforonehouronWednesday is times throughouttheyear. Allschoolsport are conductedatother although othersports unionandnetball, predominantly onrugby seasons. Theschoolnowfocuses activitieswithNISANOC’s sport sport short its andtheschoolaligned focused ongames, instruction schoolsport Prior to2002, sessions andfiveweeks oflimitedtheory. classes includessixweeks ofpractical taught onceaweek. The11-week blockof physical educationclassesare Fifty-minute 2002. in physical educationteacherwas employed Atrained people withoutrelevant training. andtheclasseswerecurriculum taughtby there was noset education since1965, While thehighschoolhasprovided physical has200students. Alofi, situatedin Niue’s school, onlysecondary Niue HighSchool andphysical education Sport Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting These sessions are run because: These sessionsarerun duringthelatersessions. present are whileteachers sessions, morning senior studentscoordinatetheearly ofpeertutoring, 11.00am.Aspart after beforeschooland twiceaday, sessions, inten-minute Health circuitsarerun of gamesandtherules. ratherthanknowledge development andfun, schoolfocusesonskill the primary In relationtophysical educationandsport, School Niue Primary the circuits at particular timesoftheyear. circuitsat particular the into skillsareincorporated specific sport whichmeans NISANOC’s season, sport Health circuitactivitiesarealignedwith reviewed until2005. willnotbe curriculum education andsport butthephysical addressed latein2003, areas.Physical educationwas learning inspecifickey schooltowork primary tothe teachers sendssupport Government theNew Zealand threemonths, Every in the morning andafterthebreak morning the in they helpto‘switchthestudentson’ curriculum the current it isdifficulttofitphysical educationinto during theday no timeisdedicatedtophysical education teachers intheschool). teachers arenoqualifiedphysical education (there activities physical education/sport there arelimitedhumanresourcesfor The island has significantly low numbers of people with a disability. Country reports Country Each Friday, NISANOC conducts its Tama Junior sport program Mana program in two hour-long sport As previously noted, NISANOC conducts its sessions — Kindergarten to Year 3 in the Tama Mana program in the primary school. morning and Years 4 to 6 in the afternoon. While the sports covered are linked to NISANOC’s sporting seasons, student Other programs, activities and issues interest means there is an emphasis on 61 Matua Manaia (veteran sport) focuses mainly netball and rugby union. Other sports such on healthy lifestyle activities for the older as volleyball, soccer and cricket are played at people in Niue. The Pacific islands have the Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting various times during the year. Boys and girls highest percentage of people with diabetes are separated during these sport sessions, in the world. Physical activity is one and girls are often left unattended due to mechanism that is being implemented to the limited human resources. address this health concern. Education is The school has limited and damaged also helping people realise that a healthy sport equipment and sport education lifestyle contributes to longevity. resources, which make conducting lessons Niue once had a coordinated village-based extremely difficult. Purchase of resources community police program. In addition to is costly. their regular duty, police officers helped the community deliver and administer sport programs and activities. This community Sport for people with a disability program no longer exists because of the NISANOC has not worked with people declining population. with a disability in the past and there The police have some direct involvement at is no Paralympic Committee. the high school, running sessions on young Sport for people with a disability has not people and the law. Some sport programs been identified as a need in Niue; the island are run with the support of the police. has significantly low numbers of people with a disability. NISANOC is prepared to look at Priority areas for the future ways people with a disability can be integrated into existing sport programs. Olympic status — Niue wants to achieve National Olympic Committee status. This would enable NISANOC to link with Women in sport development activities and opportunities Women are included in the ‘sport for all’ such as Olympic Solidarity. Under the approach to health and physical activity on current International Olympic Committee the island. However, some sports have not guidelines, Niue does not meet the included women due to cultural beliefs. necessary criteria for membership For example, it is part of Niuean culture because of its free association with New that women are not allowed to touch Zealand. firearms, hence they have not competed Operational strategy — to improve in shooting competitions. communications at all levels of sport, both local and international, an operational plan should be developed.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 62 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports soldordamaged. is resources. Theequipmentthey dohave fromalackofsport Niue suffers clubs andassociations. but alsoforsport forschools particularly to beincreased, resourcesneed resources—sport Sport attendance. ensure conductedatsuitabletimesto be needto theschools.Courses within needs physical educationandsport toaddresstheidentified teachers for training andprofessionaldevelopment Teacher training—thereneedstobe provide associatedresources. to commitment fromthegovernment Any expansionwillrequirea sports. more sessionsandagreaterrangeof toinclude toexpandthecurriculum want authorities Howevercurriculum. sport schoolphysical educationandsport a few Pacific islandcountriestohave the —Niueisoneof Expanded curriculum Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting fvlner nsotinNiue. insport volunteers of volunteeringandincreasethenumber of raiseawareness ofthebenefits would education anddevelopment program Volunteer educationprogram—an insport. its history ontheislandandrecords promotes sport that book—preparationofa Sport athletes andcoachesineachsport. of potentially develop largernumbers Thiswill orregionaltraining. in-country Olympic Training for Centrescholarships increasetheuseofOceania wants to —NISANOC opportunities Scholarship disability. a withpeople including thoseworking officialsand administrators, for coaches, educationprograms sport to bein-country educationprograms—thereneeds Sport equipment inNiue. there isa 2004, January CycloneHetainearly by Following thedamageandlosscaused greater needforsporting Country Palau 63

Capital Koror Population 20 300 (2003)

Introduction Kayangel have their own sport activities. These islands are linked to the main centres While Palau is located closer to Asia than any by frequent boat trips. other ASP Sports Program country, it has little in common with its Asian neighbours. Rather, The Palau sport system is not as similar Palau is a Pacific island country of 20 300 to the US system as other Micronesian people. Sport plays an important role in the countries. Nonetheless, US sports such as culture of Palau as a vehicle for social baseball and basketball are prominent, as is cohesion. seasonal and event/tournament-based activity. For its size, Palau does relatively well in sport, a testament to good management Palau sport has been able to develop its own and cooperative activity. Palau aims to system over time. Government funding to the become more of a force in sport in Palau National Olympic Committee (PNOC) Micronesia and the Pacific region. While has assisted sport development at the Palau has ideas on how to achieve this management level, but the funding and improvement, the country faces considerable operations of day-to-day sport are handled work in developing sport systems and mostly by each sport. infrastructure, and increasing the general Palau’s sport facilities have improved as level of sport performance and activity. a result of hosting the 1998 Micronesian Palau has two main island centres — Koror Games. Despite limited funding, Palauns and Babledaob — which are linked by a value their sport and facilities are relatively bridge. Other islands such as Peleliu and well maintained.

Sport plays an important role in the culture of Palau as a vehicle for social cohesion. Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 64 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports include: and relationship enjoy agoodworking system Key stakeholders inPalau’s sport ofsport Structure Paralympic Games. the in 2000 Games.Palau hasnotcompeted competed intheOlympicsatSydney PNOC was in1998.Palau formed first significant funds. of Free AssociationwiththeUnitedStatesfor limited industry. ItalsoreliesonitsCompact Palau hasaneconomy basedontourism and ‘Me Too’ forpeople withadisability. communitygroupis activities. Onenotable intheir make significantuseofsport level, tothelocal fromthenational working groups, variouscommunity activity. Inaddition, consistent generally showagoodlevel of federations links. Individualnationalsport development andhasstrongcommunity PNOC isanactiveplayer inPalau sport and cooperation. ordertofacilitatecommunication government andPNOCaremandatedbyAffairs ofCommunityandCultural The Ministry the Inter-scholastic Sports League. the Inter-scholasticSports theprincipalonebeing programs, sport ofEducation isinvolved with the Ministry league sports of aninter-hamlet programs andarepart each ofKoror’s 12hamletsoperatessport youthandthegeneralcommunity health, initiativesin funded throughgovernment whichare programs, sport running for responsible various stategovernments facilities maintaining sport isresponsible forproviding and ministry andfacilitiessectionofthe the parks federations andschoolsport variousnationalsport with PNOC, works at thenationallevel. Theministry funding andoverall directionofPalau sport whichisresponsibleforthe Affairs, ofCommunityandCultural the Ministry Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting table tennis. swimmingand baseball, softball, volleyball, basketball, running, cross-country and field, The leagueconductscompetitions intrack team) requiresagradepoint average of2.5. (makingthe a positiveway —participation andeducationin byperformance linkingsport The leagueencouragesimproved academic competition. infriendlysport to participate students forsecondary-school opportunities Leagueprovides The Inter-scholasticSports andphysical education. in sport qualified over thelack ofteachers frustration Thereissome as amatterofimportance. fitnessandpositivelifestylebenefits health, andseeassociated Palau citizensvaluesport basketball andsoftball. field, and track the schoolprogramarebaseball, covered in federations.The main sports sport programs inconjunctionwiththenational schoolsoperatetheir allocated funding, children tomissout.Intheabsenceof possible. Schoolssimplydonotwant the added totheweekly timetablewhenever andphysical education sport with health, Schools inPalau deliverfivecoresubjects andphysical education Sport responsibility foritsdevelopment. totake agreaterlevel of enablessport and development activities, budgeting ofsport asitallowsforplanningand important is of fundsfromthePalau This Government. directappropriation PNOC receivesanannual, Pacific andOlympicGames. South events suchastheMicronesian, for Palau’s inmajorsporting participation PNOC isalsoresponsibleforpreparingteams League’sInter-scholastic Sports programs. butalsocoordinatesthe generally, sport across oneofficerworks example, For haveofficers dualormultipleroles. development thesport at alllevels. Typically, development maintain anactiveroleinsport who development officers full-timesport of affiliated withPNOC.Ithasasmallnumber federationsare nationalsport Thirteen The Inter-scholastic Sports League provides opportunities for secondary-school students to participate in friendly reports Country sport competition.

Sport for people with a disability schools (including the Inter-scholastic Sports League) Palau has no Paralympic Committee. The 65 non-government organisation, ‘Me Too’, offers state governments (for special events one-off sporting events and activities in the such as fun runs).

Koror area. Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting

Palau has applied for membership to the Other programs, activities and issues International Paralympic Committee through Palau does not have a national sport policy. the South Pacific Paralympic Committee. PNOC is working with the Ministry of The group leading the application comprises Education and the Ministry of Community various organisations linked to the Ministry and Cultural Affairs to set up a structure to of Education’s special education program. prepare a sport policy that will include an Sport programs welcome athletes with a associated national implementation and/or disability, but do not specifically cater for development plan. them. Disabled athletes are required to Increasingly, the national sport federations compete in existing competitions. are embracing the concept of a yearly calendar of competition activities for juniors and seniors. Women in sport Palau sees great merit in offering a sport In 2002, Palau organised a fast and slow-pitch and physical education teacher-training softball league for females between the ages course in Koror, and sees the potential for of 15 and 38. That league failed due to poor expanding this to create a centre for training organisation. There is no specific national such teachers in Micronesia. women-in-sport program. Each national sport federation has its own women’s program and In addition to a training centre, there women are included in all sport programs. has been discussion about setting up a Women have won more medals than males at sub-regional coach education centre. the representative level and hold three places The Ministry of Education has developed on the PNOC executive. There are no barriers a suitable physical education curriculum or restrictions to women competing in or and resource guide, which it hopes to accessing sport. have introduced as part of the permanent school curriculum. Junior sport program There are also summer sport programs, Palau has structured junior sport programs, conducted for non-schooled children, that conducted by a variety of sport organisations. are linked to the Inter-scholastic Sports The programs are largely league and League programs. competition based, and are run by: PNOC believes a major step forward would individual national sport federations be to have sport development officers for (including any talent identification) each sport.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 66 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports Priority areasforthefuture Some additionalconsiderationsare: islands. outer the situationismorepressingon This maintenanceofexistingfacilities. and facilities There isalackofpublicsport for athletesintraining. be abletoofferincentivesandmoresupport and individualised athletetrainingprograms, federationswant tomove tomore Sport sport. run and tohelporganise trainedvolunteers and officials) butalsocoaches and people, qualified people(especiallyadministrative thelackof is concern One majorsport helping peopleavoid antisocialbehaviour. effectin andhasadeterrent physically fit, health benefitsby keeping peopleactiveand hasdefinite Palauans believe thatsport physical educationandsport. wouldincludeteachertrainingin This them totheofficialschoolcurriculum. andhave add thegovernment programs, their schoolandphysical education want toexpand School programs—sports sport. of peoplerunning and development programsfortherange Qualified people—Palau needseducation workshops. training re-establishing management to gainaccessfacilities too many ‘layers’ forpeopletogetthrough development sport stated lackofplanningforfuture federationsactivities awareness ofsport limited optionsforincreasingpublic cultural andfamilyties athlete availability the selectionofcoachesandteams Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting fund thesepositions. to Themajor issue willbehow each sport. for development officers to have sport —PNOCseeks development officers Sport national recognitionandemployment. travel, representation, international suchas openstothem, sport that showathletesthepotentialpathways and help identifypotentialeliteathletes, towhichthey aremostsuited, the sports initiative wouldhelpathletesdetermine to attractandretainmoreathletes.This selection andtalentidentificationprogram whichwouldlink withasport resource, federations want anathletepathways Athlete pathways resource—the centreinKoror.a youthmulti-sport after school.Onesuggestionistoestablish suchas duringpeaktimes, particularly lack offacilitiesinrelationtosupply, centre—Palau froma suffers Multi-sport ananfacilities. maintain prizes andfundstooperate andhelpingtogenerate activities, and programs atincreasing sport aimed implement auser-pays environment, organisationstoplanand enable sport managementskills.Thesewill sport Palau needsassistancewith result, a As createfinancially sustainableclubs. to tackled throughinnovative measures management areissuesthatmustbe maintenance —and Facilities managementand fromthese groups. participation this wouldalsoincreasevolunteer veterans athletesandevents. They hope and formasters gainmoresupport to extendlinkswithcommunityelders to develop andimplement strategies to authorities believe they need sport — More linkswithcommunityelders Country Papua New Guinea 67

Capital Port Moresby Population 5.7 million (2003)

Introduction competed in its first Paralympic Games in Sydney in 2000. Papua New Guinea is an independent island state comprising approximately 600 smaller The delivery of sport programs, like many islands in addition to the eastern half of the programs in Papua New Guinea, is limited by New Guinea island (bordering Indonesia), with the geographic diversity of the country. a total area of 462 840 square kilometres. Domestic travel is difficult, expensive and More than 800 indigenous languages are often laborious. There is no rail system spoken among the population of 5.7 million. and the road network is affected by the rugged terrain. Sport in Papua New Guinea has benefited through significant assistance from the Australian Government. At the 2000 Olympic Structure of sport Games, Australia’s Prime Minister, the Hon. Two peak bodies are responsible for sport John Howard MP, announced a $3 million gift to in Papua New Guinea: the Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea in the form of a community Sports Commission, and the Papua New sport program — the Australia–PNG Silver Guinea Sports Federation and National Jubilee Sports Program — to celebrate the Olympic Committee (PNG Sports Federation). 25th anniversary of its independence. The PNG Sports Commission — the statutory Founded in 1961 as a non-profit organisation, authority responsible for policy and sport the Papua New Guinea Sports Federation was development — reports directly to the Minister established so the country could participate for Community Development. in the British Empire (Commonwealth) Games in Perth in 1962 and the first South Pacific The Commission delivers programs in each Games in Suva in 1963. The federation of the country’s 20 provinces. Activities was accorded National Olympic Committee include the Pikinini Junior Sport Program, status in 1974 and competed in the disability sport, youth leadership programs 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal. Papua New and a physical education program through the Guinea has a Paralympic Committee, and National Sports Institute in Goroka.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 68 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports of theprogramwillberestructured. delivery 2004.Following theassessment, of Development Programatthestart Sports launched by the SilverJubileeCommunity andphysical educationwas schoolsport for education programs.Aneedsassessment andphysical reinvigorating itsschoolsport Papua New Guineaisintheprocessof and physical education Sport 2004. the Papua New inearly GuineaGovernment country’s Thepolicywas by endorsed sport. and responsibilitiesofallstakeholders inthe recently beenreviewed. Itdefinestheroles Papua New Guinea’s policyhas nationalsport competitions. international primarily usestosendteams significant revenue thatthefederation Operation Gold.Theprogramgenerates programcalled sponsorship corporate asuccessful The federationalsoruns activelifestyle program. women-in-sport Prime Minister’s golfday corporate andthe the thePrimeMinister’s celebritywalk, Run, programs includingthenationwideTrukai Fun programs. Italsoorganisescommunity andfundraising sponsorship corporate elite athletesandcoordinatingrelevant isalsoresponsiblefordeveloping federation and SouthPacific MiniGames.The SouthPacific Games Commonwealth Games, competitions suchastheOlympicGames, preparingteamsforinternational for Federation isresponsible The PNGSports Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting equipment inschoolsisaproblem. sport areaswherethelackof rural in concern andisofparticular curriculum, ofanew physical education delivery the teacher resources.Thismay threaten isthelackofequipmentand education tophysical A majorissuepertaining focusing onallsubjectsinthecurriculum. Implementation Program.Thisreview is Reform AusAID-funded Curriculum the isbeingconductedthrough curriculum majorreview oftheprimary-school a development. Currently,for curriculum ofEducation isresponsible The Department Institute. National Sports physical educationlecturesdeliveredby the attend attheuniversity education teachers ofGoroka.Aspiringphysicalthe University trainat teachers colleges. Secondary-school of thecountry’s ninecommunityteachers’ usuallytrainatone teachers Primary-school curriculum. component ofthecountry’s education subjects arerecognisedasavaluable these indicates that education andsport fact thatschoolsallocatetimetophysical vergingonnon-existent.The organised, poorly of resourcesmeanstheseactivitiesare butthelack andphysical education, for sport schoolshave timeallocated and secondary andphysical education.Primary school sport ofEducationisresponsiblefor The Ministry Association is the recognisedNational The Papua New GuineaDisabledSports forpeoplewithadisability Sport Paralympic Committee and is a subsidiary Junior sport program of the PNG Sports Federation. The PNG Sports Commission runs the Pikinini The association runs programs including Sports program as well as a school holiday regional games and coaching workshops for sport program. athletes throughout the provinces and runs

Some national sport federations also run reports Country a national disability sport carnival every junior development programs including two years. athletics, Australian football, netball, soccer, While the association is relatively active, like volleyball, tennis and swimming. so many sporting organisations in Papua New In addition to the above, the International Guinea, it is limited by financial and resource Education Agency Schools run inter-school constraints. The association receives carnivals in Port Moresby. assistance through the Silver Jubilee 69 Community Sports Development Program, The PNG Disabled Sports Association is the PNG Sports Commission and the PNG trying to establish a junior development Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting Sports Federation as well as private-sector program incorporating a National Junior sponsorship. Yet, the association finds itself Disability Games. These programs are not yet with a significant shortfall that inhibits its active, due to limited funding and resources. ability to deliver specific programs.

The majority of children with a disability Other programs, activities and issues who attend school are absorbed into the mainstream education system. Church and The PNG Sports Commission is in the process community groups run several schools of establishing a provincial games to keep in specifically for children with a disability, and step with other Pacific countries that have these are spread throughout Papua New instigated similar events. The concept is to Guinea. There are no systematic sport have a provincial multi-sport competition for programs in the private schools for children which teams from each of the 20 provinces with a disability, and those attending will select representative sides. The event is mainstream schools are virtually isolated scheduled to be held every two years. from school sport programs. The PNG Sports Federation is preparing to stage the inaugural Papua New Guinea Women in sport National Games in 2005.

The PNG Sports Federation coordinates the Papua New Guinea is in the advantageous women-in-sport movement in Papua New position of having a National Sports Institute Guinea, and established a women-in-sport in Goroka built by the government in 1979. sub-committee in 2001. The sub-committee The institute is under-used at present. has a major corporate sponsor that promotes Despite having the buildings, fields and basic sport activities for women and girls. The infrastructure in place, it is poorly resourced, sub-committee provides a women-in-sport making it difficult to attract national and active lifestyle program, newsletters and international teams to the site. The site was posters, as well as assistance to send teams originally built as a ‘sport for all’ resource, to international competitions. It also receives responsible for delivering and developing assistance through the Silver Jubilee programs in physical education, sport Community Sports Development Program, education (coaching, administration and which assists with sport administration sport science/sport medicine) and national courses. training camps. A lack of resources and

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au e Guinea. New inPapuais agrowingconcern The maintenanceof facilities 70 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports Priority areasforthefuture inthecountry. to sport exists andisoperationalahugeadvantage thefactthatfacility institute. However, responsibleforlowpatronageatthe partly The highcostoftravel toGorokaisalso educationfacility.sport would like toseeitdeveloped intoaleading Federation Commission andthePNGSports education programs.BoththePNGSports institute’s aimisindelivering long-term The has beenunabletofulfilitsobjectives. subsequent lowpatronagemeantheinstitute national educationfacility. Needsinclude resources tomeetitsobjectivesasa instituterequirestheinputof the Goroka— National InstituteofSport, implications. have communitydevelopment particular, in programs, programs andschoolsport development sport Junior sponsorship. andprivate-sector limited government implementation ofwhichisrestrictedby the established agoodrangeofprograms, Associationhas The PNGDisabledSports in Papua New Guineaneedsassistance. program—disabilitysport Disability sport inPapua New Guinea. stakeholders insport ofall the rolesandresponsibilities determining to policywillcontribute sport policy— thenational National sport curriculum. sport National physical educationandschool Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Information Centre. Information Commission’sSports NationalSport through placementsattheAustralian management. Thiscouldbeachieved trainedinareassuchasinformation be Australia. Relevant staffalsoneedto Centrein Information National Sport andthe CentreinFiji Information Sport through connectionstotheOceania andaccesstoonline resources material, writtenandelectronic computers, specific needs: Federation notestheotherfollowing Other specificneeds—thePNGSports acceptable standards. facilities areindangeroffallingbelow many maintenance andsubsequently, ofawareness offacilities generallack a New Guinea.Thereis inPapua concern offacilitiesisagrowing maintenance Facilities maintenance—the experts tovisitPapua New Guinea. experts extended programsforoverseas officials and athletes highperformance for overseas extended scholarships administrators and technicalofficials coaches, byimproved performance athletes, organisation restructure plan business/marketing human resourcedevelopment federations sport Federation andnational Sports PNG forthe technology information science sports Country Samoa 71

Capital Apia Population 200 000 (2003)

Introduction Structure of sport

Samoa comprises two main islands — Upolu At the national level, sport comes under the and Savai’i — and other smaller islands. It is Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture. located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, The Samoa Association of Sports and has a total land area of 2944 square National Olympic Committee (SASNOC) was kilometres and a population of 200 000. recognised by the International Olympic Sport in Samoa is undergoing enormous Committee in 1983. A year later, Samoa growth, due mainly to the South Pacific competed in its first Olympics in Los Angeles. Games which the country will host in 2007. Samoa has participated in eight Accordingly, the Samoan Government is Commonwealth Games, with its debut being investing heavily in sport, placing a particular at the 1974 Christchurch Games. Since then, emphasis on facility development. Should the Samoa has won 11 medals at the government’s building plan meet its Commonwealth Games. objectives, Samoa will be left with a legacy of world-class sporting facilities through which sport in Samoa can benefit. Sport and physical education

Sport plays an important role in Samoan life. Samoa is one of the few countries in the Samoans take pride in the success of their region to run a National Junior Sport Strategy. international athletes, in particular their The Sportskidz Program is run by SASNOC national rugby union team, netball team and across five sports: badminton, basketball, weightlifters, who are world-class athletics, volleyball and netball. At one time, competitors. Sport has developed as a the Sportskidz Program was substantial, being genuine career path for many athletes who delivered by up to eight sport development have moved overseas to pursue sporting officers. Due to budget and resource careers, particularly rugby union players and constraints, the program is now considerably basketballers. Many of these athletes send reduced and is only delivered in schools within money home to their families, which Samoa the Apia district. Staff numbers devoted to its considers an important export earner. implementation have also been reduced.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au activity forpeople witha disability. and physical investment insport gains tobe madethroughan There are community development 72 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports inSamoainclude: sport Factors thatinhibitthegrowthofdisability expensive is butequipment togetestablished, trying the mostpopular. Wheelchairbasketball is fieldevents being with field athleticsexists, Samoa.Track and program in disability sport noactive is there Paralympic Gamesin2000, Sydney While oneathletecompetedatthe volunteers. are ofwhom all Paralympic Committeehastenmembers, Samoa assistance.The government and mainly throughsponsorship supported onalimitedbudget, operates ordevelopment planand strategic Ithasno disability sport. developing nationalbodyresponsible for the is The SamoaParalympic Committee forpeoplewithadisability Sport education curriculum. developing aphysical processof the in Educationis of theMinistry education and physical and willaddresssport complete, when planforeducation, corporate physical educationprogram.The primarily totheabsenceofastructured Samoaneducationsystem.Thisisdue the andphysical educationin regard tosport with There remainsalevel ofuncertainty challenge forthesefederations. school programs.Accesstoschoolsisa ofequipmentandresourcestorun terms in have thecapacity union, netball andrugby suchas federations. Onlythelargersports, principally theroleofnational programsis ofschoolsport The delivery Paralympic Committee development planfortheSamoa the absenceofastrategicplanand Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting from external assistance. from external itwillbenefit its role.Asanew organisation, The commissionisintheprocessofdefining rolethatwomenplay infamilylife. important is thestrongemphasisonfamilyand initiatives thataffectswomen-in-sport barrier cultural A athletes throughtoadministrators. from alllevels, at insport participation The commissionaimstoincreasewomen’s programs itmightimplement. toexamine group establishedaworking has thecommission activities, women-in-sport Commission. Whiletherearenospecific Sport aWomenSASNOC recentlyformed in board isspecificallyallocatedtoawoman. andavice-presidentialpositiononthe women, Three ofSASNOC’s are boardmembers Women insport activity forpeoplewithadisability. andphysical through aninvestment insport community development gainstobemade It isgenerallyacceptedthatthereare Games in2007. facilities arebuiltfortheSouthPacific remedy thissituationwillariseasnew athletes withadisability. to Anopportunity facilitiesdonotaccommodate sport disability—themajorityofSamoa’s a accessibility tofacilitiesby athleteswith operationalincome of organisation’s source primary the are SamoaParalympic Committee the to government’s financialcontributions andthe sponsorship, corporate makes itdifficulttoattract sport disability—thelowprofileof a fundingforpeoplewith the lackofsport Junior sport program national sport federations and athletes. The unit, modelled on Fiji’s successful As mentioned, Samoa is one of the few Sports Development Unit, will employ countries in the region to have a national full-time staff to provide basic sport science junior sport strategy. Budget and resource and athlete testing services, including constraints mean the program has been

strength and conditioning training, fitness reports Country reduced considerably. testing and video analysis. The national sport federations now have the principal role in delivering school sport programs but only the major sports, such as Priority areas for the future netball and rugby union, have the equipment Facilities — it is critical that Samoa and resources to run school programs. develops a management plan to ensure that 73 new facilities developed for the Other programs, activities and issues 2007 South Pacific Games are properly

maintained and fully used, so that Samoa’s Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting SASNOC and the Samoan Government have entire sporting population can enjoy the embarked on an ambitious facility benefits. Access to current facilities for development plan in the lead-up to the athletes with a disability is limited, and this 2007 South Pacific Games. As part of needs to be addressed when planning the the plan, the national government has new facilities. donated land for the Samoa Sports Centre — a centrally located sport facility comprising an School sport and physical education athletics track, tennis courts, soccer pitches program — there is a recognised and a swimming pool. Samoa will be relying need for sport and physical education heavily on donor countries to fund and build in schools. the facilities. The centre will also include new Disability sport program — the Samoa accommodation for SASNOC, comprising Paralympic Committee would benefit from offices, a lecture theatre, an information an infusion of financial, educational and centre and athlete testing facilities. This sporting resources. project is being funded through Olympic Solidarity’s OlympOceania program. Performance Enhancement Unit — this unit needs to provide staff with further The 2007 South Pacific Games will be the training and equipment. A full-time major focus of Samoan sport in the manager is also needed to coordinate immediate future. The committee has the unit’s operation. identified the need for administrative expertise for this event, particularly in the Coach education — there is a need to fields of marketing (because of the heavy develop a uniform national education reliance on sponsorship dollars), technical program of an international standard expertise (particularly in the area of facility available to coaches at all levels. management and maintenance) and A uniform national approach also assists competition management. with selection criteria for coaches attending major international competitions. SASNOC’s athlete testing program, which began in 2003, will have a permanent base National sport policy — a national sport at the new Samoa Sports Centre. The policy, clearly identifying the roles and Performance Enhancement Unit, as it will be responsibilities of all stakeholders in known, will become one of SASNOC’s major Samoan sport, will ensure that the programs and an important service to country achieves maximum benefit.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Country Solomon Islands 75

Capital Honiara Population 500 000 (2003)

Introduction pressures and, as a result, funding for sport is almost non-existent. Indeed, it is a repetitive Solomon Islands is an archipelago to the theme throughout the Pacific islands and an northeast of Australia in the southwestern unfortunate reality of the economic Pacific Ocean. The archipelago consists of pressures facing these countries. ten main islands and several hundred other islands with a total land area of 28 450 square kilometres. Solomon Islands Structure of sport has a population of 500 000. Two peak bodies are responsible for sport: Sport in Solomon Islands, particularly the Department of Home Affairs and the in recent years, has benefited from the National Olympic Committee of the Solomon Oceania National Olympic Committees and Islands (NOCSI). the ASP Sports Program. As a result, it is enjoying a period of growth. The National The Department of Home Affairs is a national Olympic Committee was restructured in government body. It houses the Department of 2001, resulting in a streamlined organisation Sport, which oversees the National Sports that can more effectively deliver programs Council. The council is the statutory authority throughout this diverse country. responsible for sport and employs four people.

In 2002, the ASP Sports Program facilitated a The council has a comprehensive forum to establish a national sport policy. development plan but due to lack of funds, This initiative signalled a new approach to it is unable to deliver most of its programs. sport delivery with the National Olympic NOCSI was formed in 1983 and competed Committee and the government each defining at its first Olympic Games in 1984. It is their respective roles. responsible for preparing teams for While the government recognises the benefits international competitions such as the of sport, particularly in the area of Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, reconciliation, it is experiencing economic South Pacific Games and South Pacific Mini

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 76 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports education asa major. ledtofewer choosing physical teachers has curriculum the absenceofacontemporary but lecturer inphysical educationandsport, Education.Thecollege employs a Higher attheCollegeof Teachers areeducated curriculum. modern develop a increase theofficer’s capacityto would Improved resources andinformation andphysical education. responsible forsport officerwhois employs asenior curriculum Development Centre.Thecentre Curriculum developed by the are All schoolcurricula curriculum. component ofthecountry’s education valuable arerecognised asa and sport resources limitsactivities.Physical education butlackof andphysical education, for sport schoolsallocatetime andsecondary Primary ofEducation. responsibility oftheMinistry andphysical educationisthe School sport sufficient training. outdated. Many have teachers notreceived physical is current educationcurriculum school. Thegeneralconsensusisthatthe contentvariesfromschoolto and course schools non-examinable subjectinsecondary sporadic. Physical educationisa although its implementationis curriculum, Solomon Islandshasaphysical education andphysical education Sport relationship. working withwhichithasagood Council, Sports done incollaborationwiththeNational programs.Thisis community andjuniorsport NOCSIalsohas aroleinrunning countries, Games. Asisthecasewithmany smaller school sport programs. school sport effective physical educationand equipment neededtodeliver Many schoolsalsolackthe Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting ogrtakes place. longer butno schoolsinHoniara, secondary forall usedtoberun Carnival Sports School An event calledtheSecondary programs. school sport needed todeliverphysical educationand Many schoolsdonothave theequipment has no sport program. has nosport limitedtopeopleinHoniara.Thecentre is blindness. Attendanceattheseschools foralldisabilitiesexcept caters which Cross HandicappedChildren’s Centre, Children withadisabilityattendtheRed accepted by thecommunity. activities andarebecomingmorewidely ineveryday participate morewilling to are confidence oftheirchildren.Thechildren increaseinthe noticed aremarkable program have thatthey toldorganisers have inthedeaf andmutebasketball participants communitybenefits.Parents of have children. Expandingtheprogramwould changing thepublic’s perceptionofthese beensuccessfulin The programhas ofdisability. other areas objective toexpandintootherprovinces and long-term to thecapital.Theprogramhasa program resources andfacilitiesconfinesthe lackoffinancial andthe volunteers, by entirely programisrun Honiara.The in hearingimpairedandmutechildren for being deliveredisabasketball program program The onlyestablisheddisabilitysport forpeoplewithadisability Sport Women in sport A sport education centre is another program that has been planned. The centre, through There is no active women-in-sport program. links to the Oceania Sport Information Centre The National Sports Policy aims to and the Australian Sports Commission’s ‘encourage, support and increase the active National Sport Information Centre, would participation and involvement of women

deliver sport education programs as part of reports Country in sport’. The National Olympic Committee a national accreditation scheme for coaches has a Vice-president for Women in Sport. and administrators. There is strong representation of women in administrative roles in sporting In October 2003, NOCSI signed a 50-year organisations. The National Olympic lease agreement with Honiara City Council Committee is active in promoting more giving NOCSI managerial control of major women-in-sport programs. sport facilities in Honiara. Facilities 77 included under the lease agreement are the multi-purpose hall, an administration building, Junior sport program three tennis courts, two netball courts and Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting Most junior sport competitions are run the old Community Centre. through the school system (such as By giving NOCSI control of the sporting intramural competitions). facilities, they should become more National sport federations also run junior accessible to local, provincial and national sport programs as part of their operations. teams and athletes. This, of course, These programs are separate to the school presents new challenges to NOCSI, which curriculum, and range from primary-school now has major facility management as one competitions to a junior training program. of its core functions.

The National Sports Council and NOCSI do Olympic Solidarity and some donor countries not run structured junior sport programs. are funding a major renovation of facilities. These facilities are important should Solomon Islands proceed with its plan to Other programs, activities and issues bid for the 2011 South Pacific Games. The National Sports Council and NOCSI believe the establishment of an academy of Priority areas for the future sport is a critical component of developing sport. The academy would assist elite and Facilities — a comprehensive capital works potentially elite athletes and coaches by program to develop generic, multi-purpose providing supervised and tailored programs, outdoor courts in Honiara and the fitness testing and monitoring, access to provinces would have a profound effect on better facilities and an improved education increasing sport participation. The country program. It is anticipated that the academy also lacks an athletics track and stadium. would employ full-time staff to service A well thought out plan for the development academy athletes and coaches. of a basic athletics stadium could service not only athletics, but soccer, rugby union The National Sports Council has plans for and rugby league. a national outreach program designed to develop sport programs in the outer School sport and physical education provinces. The proposed program would program — notwithstanding the desire develop resources for coaches, athletes, for a program and existing infrastructure, umpires and administrators to increase there is a need for increased resources provincial sport and physical activity. and assistance.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 78 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports Commission’s Information NationalSport Centre andtheAustralianSports Information links withtheOceaniaSport educationcentre—by establishing Sport aneducationcentre. logical locationfor andbea community andschoolteams, beabletoservice with full-timestaffwould academy sport community asawhole.A butthe benefits notonlyeliteathletes, channelled andthatsuchassistance assistanceismoreeffectively international wouldensurethat ofsport academy —anational National academy ofsport outerprovinces. areas ofdisabilityandthe other servicing for anexpandedprogram, children inHoniaraisasolidfoundation program forspeechandhearingimpaired program—theexisting Disability sport Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting Institute ofSport. CommissionandtheAustralian Sports theAustralian particular in expertise, linktoworldwide provides aninformation organisations.It groups andsporting community could beusedby schools, nutrition andhealth.Sucharesource onsport, able toaccessinformation thecentrewould bemorereadily Centre, objectives. increaseinsocialdevelopment an to leading andphysical education, sport in increasingcommunityparticipation in wouldhave apositiveeffect programs, training resources andincorporating thedevelopment anddistributionof on focusing resourced outreachprogram, Provincial outreachprogram—awell- Country Tonga (Kingdom of) 79

Capital Nuku’alofa Population 100 000 (2003)

Introduction Structure of sport

The Kingdom of Tonga is one of the world’s few The Tonga Amateur Sports Association and remaining constitutional monarchies, ruled by National Olympic Committee (TASANOC) was His Majesty King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV. It is the created in 1961 to prepare a national team only South Pacific country never to have been for the first South Pacific Games held in Fiji in colonised by a foreign power. 1963. Tonga participated in its first Olympic Games in Los Angeles in 1984. Tonga is located about 650 kilometres southeast of Fiji. It consists of more than 150 The Tonga National Paralympic Committee was islands spread over about 360 000 square established in 2003. Tonga participated in its kilometres. The islands are divided into three first Paralympic Games in Sydney in 2000. main groups: Tongatapu, Ha’apai and Vava’u. TASANOC develops community and elite sport The population of Tonga is 100 000. The in Tonga. Twenty-six organisations are population is unevenly distributed and about affiliated with TASANOC, 24 of which are two-thirds of the people live on Tongatapu. national sport federations.

Delivery of sport in Tonga is difficult due to its TASANOC has organised development officers dispersed population. However, in 2003, the to work in schools and the Alonga Centre, the Tonga Amateur Sports Association only residential facility in Tonga that caters coordinated the first regional games for the for people with a disability. The development island groups, which culminated in national officers are providing valuable sporting games in Vava’u. opportunities for students and Alonga

Delivery of sport in Tonga is difficult due to its dispersed population. Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 80 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports include: affectingitsgrowth factors however, education isanidentifiedneed, andphysical The development ofschoolsport schools. Classes 1to6inprimary isnearingcompletionfor similar curriculum schools.A 2and3insecondary Forms 1, health andphysical for educationcurriculum implemented a Culture andSport Youth, ofEducation, theMinistry 2003, In January andphysical education Sport bodies. encourage greateruseby sporting be reviewed andsignificantlyreducedto stadium inTonga. User feesareexpectedto theonlyindoor at an instituteofsport ofestablishing isintheprocess The ministry tasks andmaximisetheuseofresources. wouldhelp avoid duplicationof the ministry coordinationbetween TASANOC and Improved regular consultationwithTASANOC. being madeatbettercoordinationthrough in schools. Attemptsare education andsport ofphysical development and delivery the hasamandatetoimprove Sport and Culture Youth, ofEducation, The Ministry safe-sex campaign. Family PlanningandYouth Centreona youth. They have withtheTonga worked organisations toaddressissuesaffecting TASANOC withcommunity alsoworks competitions. pathways into assistingtodevelop residents andare nttt fSotfreliteathletes. for Institute ofSport the development ofaTonga policyincludes sports The current perspectives: perceived asan academicsubject becauseitisnot is notimportant andparents thinksport some teachers withinschools the existingstructure donot wantsome teachers tochange Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting go totheirown schoolnextdoortoOTA. hearing-impaired children(approximately ten) attend mainstreamschools. Speechand aged 5to18.Thesechildrendonot disability, theonlyschoolforchildrenwitha is OTA amanaki OTA staff.OTA standsfor using the Alongaand development officer, Centre iscoordinatedby aTASANOC atthe Alonga Physical activityandsport Tonga’s twoParalympic athletes. including residents, to25permanent 20 and The centrehasupto60day clients, members. staff andithasfour and thelocalcommunity, MajestyQueenHalaevalu Mataáho Her from It isresourcedthroughin-kinddonations Tonga forpeoplewithadisability. thatcaters andistheonlyresidentialfacilityin 1991 The AlongaCentrewas establishedin forpeoplewithadisability Sport curriculum: teacher training: oriaeactivities. coordinate lack ofhumanresourcesto r increased are physical educationandsport if areas effectonothercurriculum the about areconcerned teachers some are offeredinschoolsand sport littlephysical educationand very professional development insport many arenotkeen teachers topursue Tongan teachers it isdifficulttoaccesspeopletrain physical educationandsport many arenottrainedtodeliver teachers enn oe faithandhope. meaninglove, , f,tirom tui ofa, Prior to TASANOC’s involvement, no sport Other programs and activities activities were run at the Alonga Centre. The Tonga Amateur Athletics Association The existing physical activity program began has developed a local veterans competition as a result of a workshop run by the and junior athletics structure, modelled on Australian Sports Commission in September the Little Athletics system in Australia. 2002. It was initially coordinated through reports Country The association’s national championships an Australian volunteer based at TASANOC. began two years ago, and summer and TASANOC has now assumed the role. winter seasons are open to all local Sport and physical activities that have been athletes. There is also a coordinated introduced to people with a disability include: national high-school competition, which begins immediately after the track and field events summer season. 81 goalball The Oceania Judo Union runs a tri-nations

seated volleyball competition among Samoa, American Samoa Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting and Tonga every four years. Other South wheelchair racing Pacific countries will be included after the table tennis competition has proven its sustainability.

power lifting

bocce Priority areas for the future

swimming National sport policy — Tonga needs to develop a national sport policy detailing tug-of-war. the roles and responsibilities of all sport Sport for people with a disability has been stakeholders, as there appears to be identified as a continuing need. significant duplication of tasks. The policy needs to be accompanied by an implementation or action plan that also Women in sport lists actions, agency responsibilities and timelines. TASANOC is keen to establish a women-in-sport committee, and to address Good governance — internal operating the cultural and religious beliefs held about practices and guidelines need to be male and female roles in the vocational and reviewed or developed, where found sporting arenas. lacking, to ensure effective and efficient sport management. National sport federations are also keen to identify and implement strategies to retain More school sport programs — Tonga and increase participation of women and girls is fortunate to have school sport and a in sport. physical education curriculum. There is a need to expand the programs, and deliver teacher training in physical education, Junior sport program sport and health. Junior sport is provided to children in Programs for coaches, officials and schools through development officers and administrators — there needs to be an in club competitions through the national ongoing coordinated sport education sports federations. program for coaches, officials and administrators with an emphasis on event management.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 82 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports female participation insport. female participation strategies toretainandincrease incorporating bedeveloped, to programneeds A women-in-sport increase female participation insport. increase femaleparticipation strategiestoretainand incorporating program needstobedeveloped, —awomen-in-sport Women insport institute. an tobeaclearmandateestablish needs —there National instituteofsport training. and require aninjectionofresources expanded program.Thisexpansionwould asolidfoundationforan offers Centre program forresidentsattheAlonga program—theexisting Disability sport Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting atcpto rates. participation helpimprove would Tongan fromEnglishto rules sport some —translating Language barriers and collectionofinformation. wouldencouragetimelydissemination This federations. nationalsport the and onTASANOC focusing particularly level, local throughtointernational from sector, sport non-government the is requiredthatencompasses strategy Communication —acommunication Country Tuvalu 83

Capital Funafuti Population 10 200 (2003)

Introduction Structure of sport

Tuvalu is a country of nine coral atolls with Tuvalu has a club/village-based sport system. a total of 26 square kilometres, and a Sport activities tend to be all year round. population of 10 200 located in the western Apart from beach volleyball, the citizens are part of Polynesia. Tuvalu’s coral atolls are totally dependent on the availability of scarce spread in a rough north–south chain over facilities. 757 000 square kilometres. The capital and Tuvalu has government and non-government main centre of activity is Funafuti atoll. Other elements to its sport structure. main centres are on the atolls of Nukufetau and Vaitupu. The atolls are isolated from each Government other and the world, and participation in national and international competition has At the national level, the Ministry of proven to be expensive and difficult to organise. Education, Sports and Culture is responsible for sport through its Department of Sports. Tuvalu has little tourism and agriculture. The department has one sport officer located It receives financial assistance including on Funafuti who is responsible for all sport from Australia, New Zealand and Taiwan. operations in the country. Most residents rely on subsistence farming and fishing. The government allocates AU$2000 to every island for sporting events associated with Tuvalu’s sport teams and athletes are Independence Day celebrations. becoming regular participants at the Pacific-region level. This is a considerable Non-government achievement in itself, considering the size, location and resources of the country. Tuvalu’s There is no National Olympic Committee. victory in soccer over neighbouring Kiribati at However, Tuvalu has set its sights firmly on entry the 2003 South Pacific Games led to a into the Olympic movement. Its relatively large national day of celebration. team and strong representation in sports at the South Pacific Games demonstrate Tuvalu’s commitment to meet this objective.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 84 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports of: activitiesthatconsist education andsport Each schoolallowsforweekly physical tobroadenchildren’san effort development. Schoolsdeliverthesein school curriculum. ofthe schools. Theseprogramsarenotpart programsin physical educationandsport the ofEducation runs The Department andphysical education Sport There isnoParalympic Committee. activity. conductsomeadhocsport Cross, suchastheRed Churches andagencies, to specialevents. islimited The incidenceofinter-islandsport federations. conducted by thenationalsport onatollsotherthan Funafutiis Sport representative teams. with thepreparationofinternational andassists development activities, sport officerhandlesalladministrativeand This sport. andnon-government government astronglinkbetween thusforming executive, officerisamemberoftheTASAsport development officer. Thegovernment-funded resourcestoemploy itsownsport the butdoesnothave annualfunding, of with TASA. TASA receivesasmallamount federationsareaffiliated Nine nationalsport Commonwealth GamesandOlympicGames. SouthPacific MiniGames, Games, includingtheSouth Pacific participation, Most TASA activitiesfocusonevent-based structure. sport thenon-government form federations and theindividualnationalsport Tuvalu Association(TASA) AmateurSports The quite basic. facilitiesare Schoolsport organised sport. of thefew avenues forchildrentoexperience andphysical educationarepart School sport involving soccerandtennis. usually afternoon, an organisedsport amounts toaplay session which isnotorganisedandessentially one hourperweek ofphysical education, Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting fwomenthatlimitstheirparticipation. of means ofovercoming culturalexpectations activitiesasa women-in-sport worldwide any regional or involved in, andbe link with, TASA iskeen to once fundingisarranged. matterofpriority a awareness as workshop women-in-sport TASA isplanninga activity. isthemainsport Volleyball federation activities. national sport through program. Women competeinsport There isnodedicatedwomen-in-sport Women insport federations. sport andarenotlinked withthenational basis recreationactivitiesonaninformal and disability. Theiractivitiesincludesport forpeoplewitha support that offers The RedCrossremainstheonlyorganisation athletes-with-a-disability workshop. expressed aninterestinconducting program forpeoplewithadisability. Tuvalu has activities.Thereisnoseparatesport sport inexisting Athletes withadisabilityparticipate forpeoplewithadisability Sport this issueisbeingexamined by theSports development plan.However,or nationalsport Tuvalu policy doesnothave anationalsport activitiesandissues Other programs, by: programsarealsorun Junior sport year-round basis. cannotbeconducted onacontinuous sport competetogain access).Asaresult, (sports field andsport court the multi-purpose dependingontheavailability of juniors, for federations operatesport National sport program Junior sport Day Tournament. andtheIndependence funruns as such —forspecialeventsgovernment schools Ministry. The government continues to National sport policy — to provide provide as much assistance as it can to direction to sport development and develop sport. One of its major contributions strategic linkages between sport is the construction of the national sport field stakeholders. The policy would detail in Funafuti. This marks a significant stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities,

development for Tuvalu, which has in the and avoid potential duplication of roles reports Country past had to use the main airport runway for as sport system structures and sport activities. frameworks grow. The policy needs to be accompanied by an implementation Further demonstrating its growing level of or action plan that lists actions, activity, Tuvalu wishes to run sport events responsible agencies and timelines. and/or programs, including the following: School programs and teacher training — national games for the sports of soccer, 85 physical education and sport to be volleyball, touch football, rugby union, recognised by the national government tennis, table tennis and weightlifting and included on the school curriculum as Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting talent identification and sport selection part of the broad agenda for youth and community development. This would be a games event, inviting other countries. accompanied by a physical education, Some specific issues are: sport and health teacher training program.

there is a lack of public sport facilities Good governance — internal operating practices and guidelines need to be there are low numbers of qualified people developed and implemented to ensure and trained volunteers available to run sport organisations make the best use sport. Volunteers are thinly spread, with of scarce resources. most work done by the executives of individual national sport federations Scholarships — increased use of Oceania Olympic Training Centre scholarships for for an isolated country, representative in-country or regional training to potentially sport offers a valuable and develop more athletes and coaches in prestigious opportunity to travel each sport. More emphasis should be and gain overseas experience. given to placements (as opposed to regional placements in Australia) so their athletes and coaches have living Priority areas for the future conditions more similar to their own. Olympic status — Tuvalu’s top priority is to Women in sport — to conduct activities establish the Tuvalu National Olympic such as awareness workshops on sport, Committee and join the International linking with any regional and international Olympic Committee. This step would women-in-sport activities. open up other sport funding and development possibilities.

Qualified people and training — a sport education and accreditation program for training and developing people in these areas.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Country Vanuatu 87

Capital Port Vila Population 200 000 (2003)

Introduction It appears there are no barriers to people travelling for sport in and around Port Vila Vanuatu has 13 main islands and 80 other and the island of Efate. islands in six provinces scattered over an area of 860 000 square kilometres. Vanuatu is located in the middle of Melanesia. Structure of sport Vanuatu is mountainous and its islands and population of 200 000 are spread over a Government large area. At the national level, the Ministry of Vanuatu has two main urban centres: Port Vila Education, Youth and Sport, through its (Efate) and Luganville (Espiritu Santo). Other Department of Youth and Sport, is islands such as Pentecost, Malekula and responsible for sport as well as education Tanna are lesser commercial centres. throughout the country. The Department of Youth and Sport, which is responsible for Due to its geography, transport and physical education and sport in schools, communication are difficult. This has led to receives an annual budget to conduct many pockets of sport, often with little programs in sport, sport development, sport sustainable competition. training and to assist sport with venue In Port Vila, transport and facilities are access and the provision of prizes. Outside relatively good, although demand by various Port Vila, the department has sport officers sporting groups for facilities outstrips supply. who conduct programs and competitions in

Vanuatu’s performance in the South Pacific Games has improved steadily since the 1990s.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Olympic Committee. is recognised by theInternational (VASANOC) was in1987 and formed and National OlympicCommittee The Vanuatu Association ofSports 88 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports non-government sport structure. However, structure. sport non-government federationsmake upthebulkof sport VASANOC andtheindividual national Seoul in1988. Vanuatu competedintheOlympics first Games andtheSouthPacific MiniGames. SouthPacific Commonwealth Games, Games, Vanuatu isrepresentedattheOlympic organisation responsibleforensuring andisthe has 18affiliatedsports OlympicCommittee.VASANOCInternational in1987andisrecognisedbyformed the National OlympicCommittee(VASANOC) was and The Vanuatu AssociationofSports Non-government organisations. other Vanuatu sport itsresponsibilitiesappeartoduplicate of council hasnooperatingbudgetandsome ofYouth The the Department andSport. andcomesunder South Pacific MiniGames, facilities builtforthe1993 national sport created by tomanagethe thegovernment Vanuatu’s Councilwas NationalSports Games. Mini Pacific GamesandSouthPacific South Vanuatu to be representedatthe funding for provides thegovernment some addition, 100–200 000vatu(AU$1200–2400).In federationsattherateof national sport development fundinggrantsdirectlyto providesThe government annualsport effectivenessofthisinitiative. the from nationalfederationscouldimprove more involvement schools. Inthisregard, coachingdirectto provide somesport federationsto withnationalsport links ofYouth also The Department andSport travel. on isspent ofitsbudget substantialportion A ShefaandSanmaprovinces. Tafea, Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting from international federations. from international funding thatthenationalfederationsreceive cooperate withthefederationstoaccess leagues andclubs.Leagues individual sport are conductedby the operations ofsports ownfacilitiesoroffices.Day-to-day not federationsdo Most ofthenationalsport development officers. basketball andcricket alsohave local Tennis,initiative hasbenefittedthesport. andthis combination foritsdevelopment, federationtomakethe first useofthis federations.Soccerwas sport international placements fromthe technical expert and reliesondevelopment officers Sport Committees. Olympic Committee andtheOceaniaNational Olympic grantsfromtheInternational by VASANOC’s operationsarefullyfunded the islandrelay. Schools Competitionandtheannualround theNationalSecondary Games, Provincial conductingevents suchasthe and inschools physical educationandsport of federationsfortheprovision national sport VASANOC activitiesincludelinkingwith areas. especially foryouthintherural activities, an increasingroleinsport People (with29officesaroundVanuatu) play Vanuatu) andtheFoundation ofSouthPacific Centre Association(with40centresaround the Vanuatu RuralDevelopment andTraining some communitygroupssuchaschurches, 0t 60minutesofphysical education to 30 attempt tooffertheirstudents schools most However, education curriculum. examinable subjectsinVanuatu’s national andphysical educationare notcore Sport and physical education Sport each day. There is limited inter-school athletes with a disability. VANDISPORT is competition to act as a catalyst for keen to expand operations. It intends to run sport participation. workshops for interested sports to raise awareness and skills in the athletes-with-a- Other aspects of school sport are: disability area, leading to start-up programs

Vanuatu does not have enough qualified in other sports. reports Country physical education teachers. Teachers only study basic physical education as part of their training Women in sport

work is under way on a new physical Vanuatu Women’s Affairs is the government education curriculum department responsible for women’s needs in the community. This organisation conducts each school has an annual inter-house 89 some sports activities on an ad hoc basis. sport competition A VASANOC sport development officer

the National Secondary School Games coordinates some activities for women. Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting are organised biennially Women are involved in sport through the individual sport federations. VASANOC VASANOC assists in conducting encourages each sport to have women the National Secondary Schools members on its executive. Sports Competition.

School sport is conducted at least once Junior sport program a week and the sports most often played are soccer, basketball and volleyball. Each All national sport federations have structured school makes separate arrangements with competitions run during after-school hours sport federations for their regular sport or on weekends at various times of the year. programs. Some sport federations also link Apart from this, junior sport programs are run with schools to conduct try-out days. by: Outside Port Vila and the few other major schools with links to the national centres around the country, regular and sports federations organised school sport is difficult due to transport and communication challenges. the Department of Youth and Sport, and some provincial governments Sport equipment, especially school sport equipment, is needed. Schools often community groups such as the Vanuatu approach the Department of Youth and Sport Rural Development and Training Centre for equipment and available equipment is Association, and Foundation of South distributed equitably. Pacific People.

The Pikinni Pleiplei program developed and Sport for people with a disability delivered selected modified sports to encourage participation by young children. Vanuatu’s Paralympic Committee was formed The program focused on basketball, cricket, in 2003. It was founded through efforts by soccer and athletics. Due to insufficient Vanuatu’s Sports Federation for Disabled funds, however, the program has not been Persons (VANDISPORT), the Disabled run since 1997. Persons Association and the Vanuatu Society for Disabled Persons. Vanuatu competed in the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. Other programs, activities and issues

Individual sport federations, including tennis, VASANOC supports the current Oceania netball, track and field, and swimming, have National Olympic Committees’ objective of formed a working association with sport development through competition. One VANDISPORT to provide ongoing programs for innovation is the Vanuatu Provincial Games,

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 90 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Country reports federations are undertaking intheschools, federations are undertaking Youth development programsthat some wishing toexpandtheiractivities. federations link forVanuatu nationalsport Centre Associationmay provide astrategic Vanuatu RuralDevelopment andTraining Foundation ofSouthPacific People andthe organisationssuchasthe It appears Commonwealth Games. Vanuatu at theManchester2002 of itsathletesintrackandfieldrepresented Program. One link directlywiththeASPSports wants toexpanditsactivities andwouldlike to It trainingprogramsforitsofficers. sport to run The associationdoesnothave theresources activitiesdonotorcannotreach. government federations and where nationalsport provide activitiesandoftenoperatesinplaces andvolleyball) to trackandfield, example, (for association linkswithindividualsports The increasing employment opportunities. trade skillsaimedat and contemporary amixoftraditional and communitiescanlearn centreswhereyouth community-based learning Centre Associationoperates40rural Devel The Vanuatu Rural karate toattract‘atrisk’groups. netballand basketball, volleyball, soccer, suchas Community groupsusesports tocarefortheclubs. volunteers maintenance andthedecliningnumberof reflection ofthelevel offundingforfacilities a Facilities areinreasonablecondition, organising anddeveloping sport. recognisethathelpisneededin Sports November. and February usuallyconductedbetween activity is union.Mostsporting handball andrugby karate, petanque, basketball, volleyball, includenetball, Other prominentsports inVanuatu. Soccer isthemostpopularsport development generally. facilitiesdevelopment andsport for impetus Pacific MiniGamesprovides further the stagingofevents suchastheSouth development acrossthecountry. Inaddition, This promotesfacilitiesgrowthandsport onarotationalbasis. threeyears held every Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting opment andTraining Other issuesare: development officers. sport strengthening thecredibilityofVASANOC credentialsin at ahighlevel areimportant performance andpastsport expertise skills, sport federations.Therefore, national sport needtoestablishcredibilitywiththe officers VASANOC development isaware thatitssport development. account inresourceplanningand education.Thisneedstobetaken into of English andFrench —beingthelanguages withthree—Bislama, dialects inVanuatu, There aremorethan80languagesand ofchildreninsport. participation contributedtotheincreased have cricket andfootball, such asbasketball, u competitions run to a lackofcoachesorvolunteers officials areappointed toafederation. there isinsufficienthandover whennew through theOlympicSolidarity program Oceania NationalOlympicCommittees administration assistancefrom the VASANOC receivesoccasional sport wage average are around8to10percentofthe competition registrationandyearly yearly costsof For example, participation. due totheperceivedhighcostof isbecominginaccessible sport for many, funding ongoing programs ishamperedby alackof sustainabilityofsport the long-term program education andsport the needforanationalschoolphysical andvolunteers administrators sport few trainingprogramsfor there arevery of appropriatefacilities and theapparentlack cost toparticipants the continue duetoalackofvolunteers, butfew competitionsstart many sport operating withanexecutiveofoneperson federationis at leastonenationalsport Soccer is the most popular sport in Vanuatu. Other prominent sports include netball, volleyball, basketball, karate and handball. reports Country

Priority areas for the future physical education as a core subject. These measures will help to provide sport Management education — there is a need 91 with a base of primary-school sport, linking for a national sport education program on to secondary-school sport and tertiary and management and administration for club sport. An important part of this Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting government and non-government sport system is a more extensive sport and authorities. There is also a need to include physical education training program for all coach and official development and sport trainee teachers. education for stakeholders. When a national sport federation executive is Sport awareness campaign — the need appointed, a management induction exists for an awareness campaign by program is required. Associated issues national sport federations and the Ministry are the lack of skills in building of Sport to reach parents to enlist their sustainable sport programs and support and involve their children. progressing athletes in sport. VASANOC should ensure that each National sport policy — there is a need for national sport federation develops and a national sport policy to be drawn up by promotes pathways for their athletes that sport stakeholders that pinpoints the spell out the possible opportunities as areas needing development. soon as they are identified as potential prospects for the future. More school sport — sport in schools can be used to positively motivate children to Facilities maintenance — new strategies stay at school. There is a need to are required to maintain facilities. Papua establish a more extensive school sport New Guinea and Fiji have asked Vanuatu to system, including reviving the Pikinini host the inaugural Melanesian Games in Pleiplei Junior Sport Program and its 2005. If accepted, this may require all re-integration into the national education sport stakeholders to assist in upgrading curriculum, along with establishing current facilities.

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au Appendixes 93

Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004 http://www.ausport.gov.au 94 Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment Appendixes Papua New Guinea MELANESIA Program intheASPSports ofthesocialprofilecountriesparticipating Summary Appendix 1 Fiji Fiji Vanuatu Solomon Islands Cook Islands Tuvalu Niue Samoa Tonga Kiribati Nauru Islands Marshall of Micronesia Federated States Palau Sources POLYNESIA MICRONESIA Note: n/anotavailable Life expectancy: CIA world factbook Life expectancy: CIA world SBS WorldHealth indicators: Guide factbook Literacy: CIAworld factbook:www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.htmlSize: CIAworld Total ofForeign andTrade Affairs population:AustralianDepartment web site:www.dfat.gov.au Country Pacific Sporting Needs Assessment © Australian Sports Commission 2004http://www.ausport.gov.au NeedsAssessment ©AustralianSports Pacific Sporting (2003) 17 800 (2003) 200 10 (2003) 1 650 (2003) 000 200 (2003) 100 000 (2003) 88 100 (2003) 12 100 (2003) 000 54 (2003) 112 600 (2003) 20 300 (2003) 800 000 (2003) 200 000 (2003) 000 500 (2003) 5.7 million population Total 240 26 260 2 944 748 811 21 181 702 458 270 18 200 12 450 28 6 840 462 (km Size 2 ) 98 60 90 95 95 92 99 90 99 93 90 63.9 92 53 Adult literacy (education) rates (%) 0 000persons 100 per 144 nurses and 110 doctors 000persons 100 per 195 nurses and 48 doctors 000persons 100 per 260 nurses and 12 doctors 000persons 100 per 119 nurses and 14 doctors n/a 100 000persons per 736 nurses and 30 doctors n/a 100 000persons per 155 nurses and 34 doctors 000persons 100 per 315 nurses and 44 doctors 000persons 100 per 235 nurses and 29 doctors n/a 000persons 100 per 149 nurses and 42 doctors 000persons 100 per 279 nurses and 57 doctors 0 000persons 100 per 67 nurses and 7.3 doctors indicators Health (2002 est.) 68.56 (2002 est.) 69.2 (1999 est.) 71.14 (2002 est.) 66.98 n/a (2002 est.) 69.8 (2002 est.) 60.5 (2002 est.) 61.6 (2002 est.) 66.2 (1999 est.) 68.5 (2002 est.) 68.56 (2002 est.) 61.33 (2002 est.) 71.82 (2002 est.) 63.83 expectancy at (years) birth Life Appendix 2 Acronyms Appendixes

ASC Australian Sports Commission 95 ASNOC American Samoa National Olympic Committee ASP Australia–South Pacific

AusAID Australian Agency for International Development Needs Assessment Pacific Sporting CIA Central Intelligence Agency (United States) CISNOC Cook Island Sports and National Olympic Committee DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia) FASANOC Fiji Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee FESPIC Far East and South Pacific Games Federation for the Disabled FIFA Fédération Internationale de Football Association FSM Federated States of Micronesia FSMNOC Federated States of Micronesia National Olympic Committee GDP Gross Domestic Product GNOC Guam National Olympic Committee HDI Human Development Index IOC International Olympic Committee KNOC Kiribati National Olympic Committee MINOC Marshall Islands National Olympic Committee NISANOC Niue Islands Sports Association and National Olympic Committee NNOC Nauru National Olympic Committee NOCSI National Olympic Committee of the Solomon Islands ONOC Oceania National Olympic Committees OTA Ofa, tui and amanaki (love, faith and hope) PNG Papua New Guinea PNOC Palau National Olympic Committee SASNOC Samoa Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee SBS Special Broadcasting Service TASA Tuvalu Amateur Sports Association TASANOC Tonga Amateur Sports Association and National Olympic Committee VANDISPORT Vanuatu Sports Federation for Disabled Persons VASANOC Vanuatu Amateur Sports Association and National Olympic Committee

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