Preliminary Plant List for Canoe Island From field visits in 2014 Madrona Murphy Kwiáht: Center for the Historical Ecology of the Salish Sea

Plants marked with an asterisk (*) are considered to be non-native in the archipelago, those marked /* may be either native or non-native

Non-vascular plants:

Selaginellaceae: Selaginella wallacei Wallace’s selaginella

Ferns and fern allies:

Polypodiaceae: Polypodium glycyrrhiza Licorice fern Polystichum munitum Sword fern

Trees and Shrubs:

Berberidaceae: Mahonia aquifolium Tall Oregon-grape Mahonia nervosa

Betulaceae: Betula sp. Birch (planted)*

Caprifoliaceae: Lonicera ciliosa Orange honeysuckle Lonicera hispidula Hairy honeysuckle Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry

Celastaceae: Pachistima myrsinites Mountain lover (tentative ID)

Cupressaceae: Juniperus maritima Coastal juniper Thuja plicata Western red cedar

Ericaceae: Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrona Gaultheria shallon Salal Rhododendron macrophyllum Pacific rhododendron (planted) *

Fabaceae: Cercis sp. Redbud (planted) *

Fagaceae: Quercus garryana Garry oak

Pinaceae: Abies grandis Grand fir Larix sp. Larch (planted, tentative ID) * Pinus contorta Shore pine Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Taxus brevifolia Pacific yew

Rosaceae: Amelanchier alnifolia Western serviceberry Crataegus monogyna English hawthorn* Holodiscus discolor Oceanspray Malus fusca Pacific crabapple Prunus emarginata Bitter cherry Rosa gymnocarpa Baldhip rose Rosa nutkana Nootka rose Rubus ursinus Trailing blackberry

Salicaceae: Salix hookeriana Hooker’s willow Salix scouleriana Scouler’s willow

Saxifragaceae: Ribes divaricatum Coast black gooseberry

Wildflowers and other forbs:

Apiaceae: Sanicula crassicaulis Western sanicle

Asteraceae: Achillea millefolium Yarrow Anisocarpus madioides Woodland tarweed Bellis perrenis English daisy * Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle * Gnaphalium pupureum Purple cudweed Grindelia integrifolia Puget Sound gumweed Hieracium albiflorum White-flowered hawkweed Hypochoeris radicata Hairy cat’s-ear* Sonchus asper Prickly sowthistle* Taraxacum officinale Dandelion*

Boraginaceae: Myosotis discolor Yellow and blue forget-me-not*

Brassicaceae: Cardamine oligosperma Little western bittercress

Caryophyllaceae: Cerastium arvense Field chickweed Cerastium sp. Mouse chickweed species/*

Crassulaceae: Sedum spathulifolium Broad-leaved stonecrop

Fabaceae: Lathyrus nevadensis Purple peavine (tentative ID) Lotus micranthus Small-flowered lotus Trifolium dubium Least hop clover* Trifolium microcephalum Small headed clover Trifolium microdon Thimble clover Trifolium oliganthum Few-flowered clover Trifolium pratense Red clover * Trifolium repens White clover* Trifolium variegatum White-tip clover Trifolium windenovii Tomcat clover Vicia americana American vetch Vicia hirsuta Hairy vetch * Vicia sativa Common vetch*

Geraniaceae: Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved geranium * Geranium molle Dovefoot geranium*

Iridaceae: Iris pseudoacorus Yellow flag *

Lamiaceae: Satureja douglasii Yerba buena

Liliaceae: Allium acuminatum Hooker’s onion Allium cernuum Nodding onion Camassia leichtlinii Great camas Fritillaria affinis Chocolate lily Narcissus pseudonarcissus Dafodil * Zygadenus venonosus Death camas

Orchidaceae Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coralroot Piperia sp. Rein orchid species (probably P. elegans)

Plantaginaceae: Plantago maritima Sea plantain

Polygonaceae: Rumex acetosella Sheep sorrel*

Primulaceae: Trientalis latifolia Broad-leaved starflower

Ranunculacea: Ranunculus sp. Buttercup /*

Rosaceae: Alchemilla arvensis Western lady’s-mantle Fragaria vesca Woodland strawberry

Rubiaceae: Galium aparine Catchweed bedstraw *

Saxifragaceae: Heuchera micrantha Small-flowered alumroot

Scrophulariaceae: Veronica arvensis Wall speedwell*

Urticaceae: Urtica dioica Stinging nettle

Valerinaceae: Plectritis congesta Sea blush

Grasses and grass like plants:

Cyperaceae: Carex deweyana Dewey’s sedge

Juncaceae: Juncus effusus Soft rush Luzula multiflora Field woodrush

Poaceae: Agrostis sp. Bentgrass /* Aira caryophyllea Silver hairgrass * Aira praecox Little hairgrass * Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet vernalgrass * Bromus hordeaceus Soft brome * Bromus sitchensis Alaska brome Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass* Elymus glaucus Blue wild rye Festuca rubra Red fescue Holcus lanatus Velvet grass* Vulpia myuros Rat-tail fescue (tentative ID) *