An Analysis of the Problems Faced by Female Primary School Teachers in District Muzaffarabad

International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 4, Issue 11, 2017, PP 30-39 ISSN 2394-6288 (Print) & ISSN 2394-6296 (Online) An Analysis of the Problems Faced by Female Primary School Teachers in District Muzaffarabad Muhammad Sabil Farooq, Nazia Feroze, Yuan Tong Kai Department of Sociology, Nankai University, China *Corresponding Author: Muhammad Sabil Farooq, Department of Sociology, Nankai University, China. ABSTRACT Teacher is the most important component of the education system. Any education system is only as good as the teacher. The study “An Analysis of the Problems Faced by Female Primary school Teachers in District Muzaffarabad” was descriptive in nature. The major objectives of the study were: to find out the real problems of primary female school teachers, to find out the causes of the problem and to suggest reasonable solution to those problems. The key research questions focused on the problems faced by female teachers and their causes and also to probe measures to overcome that problem. Study was limited to 15 Government Girls Primary School Teachers at Muzaffarabad District and sample is 40 Government Girls Primary School Teachers. Data was collected through questionnaire and the major findings were: the female teacher faced selection problem, lack of high level qualification, lack of professional/teaching training and Government negligence regarding female teacher issues. The study made the recommendation as; quota system should be increased; promotion of female teachers can be made faster, professional trainings, committee support and proper incentive. On the other hand the study recommends this problem could be resolved by considering some basic measures e.g. system of accountability, schooling environment and education assets, providing ongoing talented advancement opportunities and incentives, making transparent appointments system and on merit promotions procedure, provide enough teaching and non-teaching staff to female primary schools and control political interference and involvement. The other side this paper will help policy makers and administrators to understand the core issues in the field and help them to overcome for future. Keywords: Education system, problem analysis, reasonable solution, accountability system, policy suggestions INTRODUCTION status and the way they are treated in the society. To them they are the only agents of change and Teacher is the most important component of the source of quality education. For this purpose education system. Any education system is only the feel if they paid well and should give them as good as the teacher. In most countries all teacher adequate prestige to make an attractive profession decisions are left to the teachers. The teachers are so that our best once again start taking up the closest to their subjects and developments therein. academic profession the entire education They must make curriculum, teaching methods establishment should try to create the product of and grading decisions which are at heart of the quality education. education system. If this is adopted it would mean: Withdrawal of the system of centralized curriculum High literacy rate and quality education are directly decisions to allow the teacher more autonomy to related with primary school teachers which lead to determine what needs to be taught. In all teaching sensible generation production. Thus it promotes decisions including hiring, working conditions, healthy democracy which then leads to sensible promotions and salaries increase of teachers as generation production. Thus it promotes healthy well as school equipment requirements, it must be democracy which then leads to honest leadership. the educators who are in charge. In current situation So teacher‟s especially primary school teachers teachers are not seems to be happy with their play pivotal role in society because he is the principal agency for propagating education. International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies V4● I11● 2017 30 An Analysis of the Problems Faced by Female Primary School Teachers in District Muzaffarabad As Pakistan is an underdeveloped country so here emerges from the objective study of reality: an the teachers especially the primary school teachers individual able to comprehend fully the nature are facing a lot of problems which needs prompt of technical and social change and having deep action for the solution both on the part of concern for the improvement of society. Providing government and also on the part of society. academic freedom and due autonomy to educational institutions within the frame work Sample Study (Area Introduction) of national objectives and equipment. Schwab Azad Jammu and Kashmir abbreviated (1975) stated that most of the suffered teachers as AJK and commonly known as Azad Kashmir, are facing problems like anxiety, insecurity, administratively divided into ten districts, is a nightmares, fatigue, irritability, headache, ulcers, nominally self-governing polity administered hypertension and a number of other emotional by Pakistan. The territory lies west of the Indian- and physical symptoms. administered state of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ornstein (1980) concluded that one of the major was previously part of the former princely aspect of teacher‟s problems with inadequate state of Jammu and Kashmir, which ceased to salaries and lack of promotional opportunities. exist as a result of the first Kashmir war fought Although teachers‟ salaries are presently between India and Pakistan in 1947. Azad Kashmir increasing as compared to past but they are still has a total area of 13,297 square kilometers fall far short of those of many other professional (5,134 sq mi), with an estimated population of groups. Apart from this there is smoothing around 4.6 million people. troublesome about a system where you hold Muzaffarabad is the capital and largest city of teachers in the same position for 20 to 30 years the Pakistani-administered territory of Azad Jammu without a promotion. Many are compelled to and Kashmir, and is the gateway of Neelum Valley. take second job after school time or during The city is located in Muzaffarabad District on the summer months or other vacation periods. He banks of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. The district has maintained that salaries of administrative is bounded by Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in the west, by personal are typically high but much higher than the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of Indian- the salaries of teachers and so teachers are administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir in the tended that administration is more important east, and the Neelum District of Azad Kashmir in function and lucrative then teaching. the north. Yogesh (2007) explored the factors that According to the Pakistan District Education promote the usefulness of education reached at a Rankings 2016, Muzaffarabad is ranked 37 in valid conclusion to the effect that among national rankings and 10th in provincial rankings various factors that influence the efficiency of with 73.09, 68.53, 54.35, 79.74 and 89.74 in education, so very important for the growth and Education Score, Enrollment Score, Learning development of the societies, the „teacher‟ Score, Retention Score and Gender Parity Score factor alone contributed 68% whereas all other respectively. factors like infrastructure, finance, role of Researcher pick this area as sample study and leaders, political backing etc. altogether take 15 Government Primary Schools from the contributed only 32%. AERA, (2004) reported that there is broad empirical evidence for the district Muzaffarabad equally from 5 Union Councils and select 40 respondents for influence of teachers on the learning of their questionnaire. students improving their teaching. In a very broad based study by OECD (2005) REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Students‟ learning gains were observed to be According to educational policy (1972-1980) the several times higher when they were assigned to following are the main objectives of education: particularly well educated, trained and professional Ensuring the preservation and promotion and teachers. It had been claimed that, “differences practice of the basic ideology of Pakistan and among teachers explain up to 23% in students‟ making a code of individual and national life. test score performance”. The impact of teacher Building of national cohesion by promoting education on student performance had been social and cultural harmony compatible with our established through quite a few studies. Some basic ideology through the conscious use of had reflected a strong linkage between well- educational process. Building up and nurturing educated teachers and better grades, sound the total personality of the individual, dynamic, concepts and refined Behavioral patterns of creative and capable of facing the truth as it students. 31 International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies V4● I11● 2017 An Analysis of the Problems Faced by Female Primary School Teachers in District Muzaffarabad Imig and Imig (2007) in a study highlighted the eternity; s/he can never tell where her/his crucial role of teachers in the development of a influence stops. The teacher plays an important country from different aspects. They stated that role in positively shaping and molding the “The desire for better change in teacher habits, attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, manners and education is everywhere. There is almost a above all the character of students. S/he is a universal quest for better teacher

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