INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIAL ASSESSMENT REPORT August 2001 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized COMMUNITY - DISTRICT INFRASTUCTURE SERVICES PROJECT AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR Public Disclosure Authorized Development Consortium 603, Anum Blessings, ZCC Area, KCUS, Shahrea Faisal, Karachi-75350 TABLE OF CONTENTS No Title Page Acknowledgements I List of Acronyms II Executive Summary III 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Community District Infrastructure Services Project 1 1.1.1 Objective and Strategy of the CDISP 1 1.1.2 Scope of CDISP 2 1.2 Social Assessment - Aims and Objectives 2 1.3 Social Assessment - Methodology 3 1.3.1 Familiarization and Consultation 3 1.3.2 Literature Review and Consultation 4 1.3.3 Field Study 5 1.3.4 Feedback 8 1.3.5 Data Tabulation and Comparison 8 1.3.6 Stakeholder Workshop 8 2. OVERVIEW AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 9 3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 13 3.1 Economic Characteristics 13 3.2 Poverty Issues 14 3.3 Social Organization 15 3.3.1 CBOs/NGOs 16 3.3.2 Conflict Resolution Mechanisms 19 3.3.3 Gender Issues 19 4. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 19 4.1 Availability of Potable Water and Sanitation 19 4.2 Energy Sources and Consumption 20 4.3 Telecommunication and Media Access 20 4.4 Access to Health Facilities 20 4.5 Access to Education 21 4.6 Habitation and Shelter 21 4.7 Road and Transport 22 5. URBAN AREAS 22 5.1 Urban Demographics 23 5.2 Urban Literacy 24 5.3 NGOs/CBOs 24 5.4 Conflict Resolution 24 5.5 Gender 24 5.6 Employment Pattern 25 5.7 Access to Services 25 5.8 Housing 25 6. COMMUNITY PRIORITIZATION OF NEEDS 0 EXPECTED SOCIAL 25 IMPACTS OF PROJECTS 6.1 Prioritization of Needs 25 6.2 Expected Social Impacts of Sub-projects 26 6.3 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation - Pipeline Schemes 28 6.4 Social Issues 29 6.4.1 Reaching out to Scattered Communities 29 6.4.2 Conflict between Groups 30 6.4.3 Affordable Participation 30 6.4.4 Women's Involvement 30 6.4.5 Remote Villages may be covered 31 6.4.6 Self Help Activities and Willingness to Pay 31 6.4.7 Elite Capture 32 7. RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SAN1TATION PROJECT (RWSS)- 33 AJK 7.1 Lessons Learnt from the Project 34 8. REVIEW OF OTHER COMMUNITY BASED PROJECTS IN AJK 34 9. WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES AND ITS APPLICATION 43 TO THE PROJECT 9.1 Safeguard 1: Operational Directive and Indigenous People 43 (OD 4.20) 9.2 Operational Directive on Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30) 43 10. KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 45 10.1 In Projects Built with External Assistance 46 10.2 In Project Financed by Government 48 10.3 In Locally - Financed Works Motivated by Government Policy 48 10.4 In Works Financed and Built Entirely by Local People 49 11. CONSULTATION METHOD AND FRAMEWORK FOR 50 PARTICIPATION 11.1 Existing Consultation Method and Guidelines for Future Consultations 50 11.1.1 Information Dissemination 51 11.1.2 Planning and Design 52 11.1.3 Implementation 52 11.1.4 Management 53 11.1.5 Operation and Maintenance 54 11.1.6 Conflicts and Grievances 54 11.2 Board Participatory framework 56 11.3 Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders 57 11.4 Ground Rules for Consultation and Participation 58 12. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 61 13. CRITICAL RISK AND MITIGATION MEASURES 63 List of Annexes Annex 1: Tenns of Reference Annex 2: Sample Tabulation Sheet Annex 3: Check List - Focus Group Discussion Annex 4: List of Stakeholders Annex 5: List of Stakeholders Workshop Annex 6: List Of Organizations Registered Under Act 1860 Annex 7: Statistical Data from Secondary Sources Table 1 Rural Location by Population Table 2 Area Population by Sex, Sex Ratio, Population Density, Urban Proportion, Household and Annual Growth Rate Table 3 Population by Age and Rural/Urban Table 4 Population by Relationship to the Head of Household by Age Group, Sex and Rural/Urban Table 5 Percentage of Population by Economic Categories Rural/Urban Table 6 Employed Population (10 years and above) by Occupation and Sex (Rural/Urban) Table 7 Annual Average Income Level in different type of employment in various District in AJK, (PERI 1992 survey) Table 8 Households cash Income of Sample Farm Households - 1990 Table 9 Number and Area of Farms by Size of Farm Table 10 Farm Area by Tenure and Size of Farm Table II Cultivated Area by Mode of Irrigation and Size of Farm Table 12 Cropped Area by Crops in AJK from 1990-91 to 1997-98 Table 13 Number of Production Vegetables in AJK from 1994-95 to 1997-98 Table 14 Number and Production of Kharif and Rabi Fruits by type of Fruits Table 15 District wise break-up of Livestock Table 16 Units of Electricity sold by Category and District from 1992-98 Table 17 Health Institutions and Personnel from 1992-98 Table 18 Population (10 years and above) by Literacy and educational Attainment Table 19 Number of Educational Institutions Sex wise from 1988-98 Table 20 Nature of Tenure (Percentage) by Rural/Urban, 1998 Table 21 Housing Units (Percentage) by Kitchen, Bathroom and Latrine Facilities by Rural/Urban, 1998 Table 22 Material Used Roofs (Percentage) by Rural/Urban, 1998 Table 23 Road Kilometers by type maintained by Highway Dept. & PWD 1991-98 Table 24 Number of Vehicles on Road by type from 1991-98 Annex 8: Poverty - Meaning and Perceptions Annex 9: Bibliography ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) requires a social assessment report as a pre-requisite for appraising new project financing. This report responds to this condition and is based on the terms of reference provided by the World Bank. Ms. Zia Aljalaly has taken a keen interest in the study and has guided and assisted in the stakeholder dialogue, information collection and in structuring the presentation. This report would not have been possible without her assistance and support. We also thank Raja Rehan Arshad, Team Leader-Water and Sanitation Programme, UNDP/World Bank, Islamabad and Ms. Julie Viloria, Senior Institutional Development Expert, World Bank, Washington for their valuable guidance and input. The report has been prepared for the Local Government and Rural Development Department of the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The LGRDD officials and staff actively participated in the preparation, especially in stakeholder consultation. Their contribution has been valuable in facilitating the field study and their experiences has given us an insight into the dynamics of AJK's social conditions. Furthermore, they have been very helpful in secondary data collection. We appreciate and value their inputs and contributions. The greater part of field consultation and data collection has been carried out by local teams led by Mrs. Shagufta Mustafa. Their keen participation and understanding has given perspective to this report. We acknowledge their contribution and thank them for their support. The participation and contribution of the community groups, especially the local community based organization in organizing the consultation process made the whole field work possible. Because of their involvement the people took the discussion seriously and gave concrete inputs and recommendations for the consultation process design. They also helped verify the secondary data and explained and elaborated on the service delivery options. We thank them for their kind help. List of Acronyms AD Assistant Director AE Assistant Engineer AJK Azad Jammu & Kashmir CBO Community Based Organizations CDIP Community District Infrastructure Project CIP Community Infrastructure Project FGD Focus Group Discussion GOAJK Government of Azad Jammu & Kashmir IDA International Development Association LGRDD Local Government & Rural Development Department LHV Lady Health Visitor MOU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non Governmental Organizations NRSP National Rural Support Programme NVJVCDP Neelum Valley Jehlum Valley Community Development Project NWFP North West Frontier Province O&M Operation & Maintenance PC-1 Planning Commission Proforma-l PCD Project Concept Document RHC Rural Health Center RS Rural Settlement RWSS Rural Water Supply & Sanitation SO Social Organizer TOP Terms of Partnership TOR Terms of Reference VC Village Committees VDA Village Development Association Local Terms Biradari People belonging to the same clan based on familial ties Ghas Katai Cutting of grass (literally) used to indicate time when cropping is done Iqrarnama Legal undertaking for showing agreement between two partners Kooh Well Mora Basic unit of settlement - village Nala Storm water or sewage drain Punchayat A ex body of local leaders who resolve disputes at the village level Rabi-ul-Awwal 3r month of Islamic Calendar Sawab Gods Grace & Blessings Unani Ancient Greek form of Treatment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) has a population of 2.92 million, the majority of which lives in rural areas. The state of AJK has 7 districts, namely Muzaffarabad, Bagh, Poonch, Sudhnuti, Kotli, Mirpur and Bhimber. Muzaffarabad is almost half of AJK in terms of land area and houses one quarter of the population. The northern parts of AJK has high mountains and narrow valleys. As one moves south the valley widens and productive use increases. The scattered settlement pattern over hilly terrain in AJK makes development difficult and costly. In the rural areas, till the implementation of the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS) Project (1992-2000), water was fetched from streams by women on pots for purpose of drinking, domestic use and to feed livestock. In the plains, people have dug wells and those living by the riverside or near "kools" (water channel for agriculture) obtained water from these sources. The RWSS project covered a quarter of AJK's population through 1221 gravity schemes and 173 pumping schemes.