DOCSLIB.ORG

The SAGE Dictionary of Criminology Eugene Mclaughlin and John Muncie 3Rd Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The SAGE Dictionary of Criminology Eugene Mclaughlin and John Muncie 3Rd Edition The SAGE Dictionary of CRIMINOLOGY EUGENE MCLAUGHLIN and JOHN MUNCIE 3RD EDITION 00-McLaughlin and Muncie-4391-Prelims.indd 3 19/07/2012 7:42:18 PM List of Entries A Community Corrections Abolition Community Crime Prevention Abolitionism Community Justice Action Research Community Policing Actuarialism Community Safety Administrative Criminology Community Sentences Aetiology Comparative Criminology and Criminal Anarchist Criminology Justice Animal Abuse Comparative Method Anomie COMPSTAT Anti-Social Behaviour Conditioning Appreciative Criminology Conflict Theory Art Crime Conformity Authoritarian Populism Constitutive Criminology Containment Theory B Content Analysis Behaviour Modification Control Balance Theory Behaviourism Control Theory Bifurcation Conversational Analysis Biological Criminology Convict Criminology Birmingham ‘School’ Corporate Crime ‘Broken Windows’ Correlational Analysis Crime C Crime Control Model Capital Punishment Crime Mapping Carceral Society Crime News Carnival (of Crime) Crime Prevention Causation Crime Reduction Chaos Theory Crime Science Chicago School of Sociology Crimes Against Humanity Child Abuse Criminal Careers Classicism Criminal Justice Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy Criminalization Cognitive-Behaviourism Critical Criminology Cohort Studies Critical Research Communitarianism Cross-Sectional Design 00-McLaughlin and Muncie-4391-Prelims.indd 13 19/07/2012 7:42:18 PM THE SAGE DICTIONARY OF CRIMINOLOGY Cultural Criminology Experimental Criminology Cybercrime Experiments Extraterritorial Law Enforcement D Extroversion/Introversion Decarceration Deconstruction F Decriminalization Family Crime Defensible Space Fear of Crime Defiance Theory Feminist Criminologies Delinquency Feminist Research Demonization Focus Groups Denial Folk Devil Desistance Forensic Anthropology Determinism Forensic Psychology Deterrence Free Will Developmental Criminology Functionalism Deviance Deviancy Amplification G Differential Association Gangs Differential Reinforcement Gated Communities Disassociation Genetics Discourse Analysis Genocide Discretion Geographies of Crime Discrimination Global Criminology Disparity Globalization Displacement Governance Dispositional Theories Governmentality Disproportionality Green Criminology Dispute Settlement Diversion H Documentary Analysis Hate Crime Domestic Violence Hedonism Drift Hegemonic Masculinity Due Process Model Hegemony Hidden Crime E Historical Methods Eco-Crime Human Rights Edgework Human Trafficking Electronic Monitoring Emergency Legislation I Emotions (of Crime) Incapacitation Environmental Criminologies Incarceration Essentialism Individual Positivism Ethnic Cleansing Informal Justice Ethnography Institutional Racism Eugenics Integrative Criminology Evaluation Research Interactionism xiv 00-McLaughlin and Muncie-4391-Prelims.indd 14 19/07/2012 7:42:18 PM LIST OF ENTRIES J Penology Just Deserts Personal Safety Justice Personality Theory Juvenile Justice Police Bias Policing L Policy Transfer Labelling Political Crime Left Idealism Popular Justice Left Realism Positivism Liberal Feminism Post-Colonial Criminology Life Course Theories of Crime Postmodern Feminism Longitudinal Study Postmodernism Post-Structuralism M Praxis Managerialism Prediction Studies Marxist Criminologies Primary Deviation Masculinities Primitive Rebellion Mediation Private Policing Mentoring Privatization Moral Economy Probation Moral Panic Problem Oriented Policing Multi-Agency Crime Prevention Proportionality Multivariate Analysis Psychoanalytic Criminology Psychopathy N Public Criminology Natural Justice Public Opinion Neo-Conservative Criminology Punishment Net Widening Punitiveness Neutralization (Techniques of) New Criminology Q New Deviancy Theory Queer Theory Newsmaking Criminology Normalization R Racial Profiling O Racialization Obedience (Crimes of) Radical Criminologies Offender Profiling Radical Feminism Official Criminal Statistics Radical Non-Intervention Opportunity Theory Rational Choice Theory Organized Crime Realist Criminologies Reassurance Policing P Recidivism Panopticism Redress Participant Observation Reflexivity Pathology Regulation Peacemaking Criminology Regulatory Agencies Penality Rehabilitation xv 00-McLaughlin and Muncie-4391-Prelims.indd 15 19/07/2012 7:42:18 PM THE SAGE DICTIONARY OF CRIMINOLOGY Reintegrative Shaming Status Frustration Relative Deprivation Stereotyping Reparation Stigma Repeat Victimization Strain Theory Replacement Discourse Structuration Research Ethics Structured Interviews Responsibilization Subculture Restitution Surveillance Restorative Justice Symbolic Interactionism Retribution Right Realism T Risk Target Hardening Risk Factor Research Terrorism Routine Activity Theory Time Series Design Tolerance S Torture Sampling Transcarceration Scapegoating Transnational Organized Crime Secondary Deviation Transnational Policing Security Treatment Model Self-Policing Triangulation Self-Reports Serial Killing U Sex Crime Underclass Sexuality Utilitarianism Shaming Signal Crime V Situational Crime Prevention Victim Surveys Social Capital Victimization Social Censure Victimless Crime Social Constructionism Victimology Social Control Vigilantism Social Control Theory Violence Social Crime Prevention Virtual Criminology Social Defence Theory Social Disorganization Social Ecology W Social Exclusion War Crimes Social Harm ‘What Works’ Social Justice White Collar Crime Social Learning Theory Social Reaction Y Social Survey Youth Justice Socio-Biology Sociological Positivism Z Somatotyping Zemiology The State Zero Tolerance State Crime Zonal Theory xvi 00-McLaughlin and Muncie-4391-Prelims.indd 16 19/07/2012 7:42:18 PM.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • This File Was Downloaded From
    This is the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for pub- lication in the following source: DeKeseredy, Walter S. (2016) Thinking critically about rural crime: The influence of William J. Chambliss. Critical Criminology, 24(2), pp. 263-278. This file was downloaded from: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/92394/ c Copyright 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-015-9307-2 Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing and formatting may not be reflected in this document. For a definitive version of this work, please refer to the published source: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-015-9307-2 Thinking Critically about Rural Crime: The Influence of William J. Chambliss* Walter S. DeKeseredy Anna Deane Carlson Endowed Chair of Social Sciences, Director of the Research Center on Violence, and Professor of Sociology Department of Sociology and Anthropology West Virginia University Morgantown, WV U.S.A. 26510 (304) 216-6964 [email protected] School of Justice Faculty of Law Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Australia In press with Critical Criminology: An International Journal *I would like to thank Joseph F. Donnermeyer, Raymond J. Michalowski, Claire Renzetti, and Martin D. Schwartz for their comments on previous drafts of this article. Abstract William J. Chambliss (Bill) is well-known for his path-breaking theories of lawmaking and for his innovative research on state-organized crime. However, rarely discussed is the fact that his study of the original vagrancy laws marked the birth of rural critical criminology.
    [Show full text]
  • Realist Criminology and Its Discontents
    www.crimejusticejournal.com IJCJ&SD 2016 5(3): 80‐94 ISSN 2202–8005 Realist Criminology and its Discontents Simon Winlow Steve Hall Teesside University, United Kingdom Abstract Critical criminology must move beyond twentieth‐century empiricist and idealist paradigms because the concepts and research programmes influenced by these paradigms are falling into obsolescence. Roger Matthews’ recent work firmly advocates this position and helps to set the ball rolling. Here we argue that Matthews’ attempt to use critical realist thought to move Left Realism towards an advanced position can help to put criminology on a sound new footing. However, before this becomes possible numerous philosophical and theoretical issues must be ironed out. Most importantly, critical criminology must avoid political pragmatism and adopt a more critical stance towards consumer culture’s spectacle. A searching analysis of these issues suggests that, ultimately, criminology is weighed down with obsolete thinking to such an extent that to remain intellectually relevant it must move beyond both Left Realism and Critical Realism to construct a new ultra‐realist position. Keywords Critical criminology; harm; consumer culture; Left Realism; Critical Realism; Ultra‐Realism. Please cite this as: Winlow S and Hall S (2016) Realist criminology and its discontents. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5(3): 80‐94. DOI: 10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i3.247. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence. As an open access journal, articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and other non‐commercial settings. ISSN: 2202‐8005 © The Author(s) 2016 Simon Winlow, Steve Hall: Realist Criminology and its Discontents Introduction As one of the original architects of Left Realism, Roger Matthews is too well‐known for us to have to outline his many achievements and his influence on the discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • Homicide Profiles Based on Crime Scene and Victim Characteristics
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Homicide Profiles Based on Crime Scene and Victim Characteristics María del Mar Pecino-Latorre 1, María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes 1,2,* and Rosa María Patró-Hernández 3 1 Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción 1628, Paraguay 3 Department of Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-950015598 Received: 11 September 2019; Accepted: 26 September 2019; Published: 27 September 2019 Abstract: One of the current trends in homicide research includes developing works based on scientific study and empirical evidence, which offer conclusions that can be used in an operational manner during police investigations. The objective of this study was to identify homicide characteristics from behaviors carried out on the crime scene and victim characteristics associated with those of the perpetrators of these crimes in Spain. The sample consisted of 448 homicide cases from the database of the Homicide Revision Project led by the Office of Coordination and Studies of the Secretary of State and Security. After creating six classification tree models, it was found that the modus operandi of the aggressor and the victim characteristics may permit hypothesizing about the demographic characteristics of the perpetrator (gender, age, and country of origin), his/her criminal record, and the type of relationship with the victim. Furthermore, the importance of the study of victimology during a criminal investigation is highlighted, as it may indirectly offer information about the potential perpetrator.
    [Show full text]
  • Criminal Justice, B.S. Major Victimology Emphasis
    Criminal Justice, B.S. major • CRJS 3355 Drugs and Criminal Justice (3 credits) • CRJS 3356 Introduction to Homeland Security (3 credits) Victimology Emphasis • CRJS 3359 Criminal Investigation (3 credits) • CRJS 3360 Criminal Procedure and Evidence (3 credits) • CRJS 3380 Community Corrections (3 credits) Required Credits: 48 • CRJS 4103 Criminal Justice Diversity and Ethics (3 credits) Required GPA: 2.25 • CRJS 4480 Police and Community Relations (3 credits) I REQUIRED CORE COURSES • CRJS 4487 Principles of Criminal Justice Supervision (3 credits) • CRJS 4970 Internship (12 credits) COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING COURSES: Note: CRJS 4970 Internship (12 credits) must be taken for 9 or 12 credits only • CRJS 1120 Criminal Justice and Society (3 credits) • ENVR 4210 Environmental Law and Policy (3 credits) • CRJS 3201 Research Methods and Statistics for Criminal Justice (3 • GWS 3850 Sex, Gender and Power: Theories and Practice (3 credits) credits) • INST 1107 Introduction to Turtle Island (3 credits) • CRJS 3305 Judicial Process (3 credits) • INST 3317 Tribal Government and Leadership (3 credits) • CRJS 3315 Criminology and Delinquency (3 credits) • INST 4418 Federal Indian Law (3 credits) • CRJS 3358 Criminal Law (3 credits) • INST 4900 Social Justice (3 credits) • PSY 2217 Abnormal Psychology (4 credits) COMPLETE 3 SEMESTER CREDITS FROM THE FOLLOWING • PSY 3332 Counseling and Crisis Interventions (4 credits) COURSE: • SOC 2230 Race and Ethnic Relations (3 credits) • SOC 3010 Social Theory (3 credits) • CRJS 4920 Directed Group Study (3 credits)
    [Show full text]
  • I. the Victim-Offender Overlap
    Draft – Please do not distribute or cite without author’s permission VICTIMS AND OFFENDERS CYNTHIA GODSOE, BROOKLYN LAW SCHOOL TABLE OF CONTENTS I. THE VICTIM-OFFENDER OVERLAP .................................................................... A. History of Victimology ................................................................................ B. Theory of V/O Overlap ................................................................................ II. CONTEXTS ...................................................................................................... A. Mutual Liability ........................................................................................... 1. Statutory Rape Between Two (or more) Minors................................ 2. Intimate Partner Violence “Mutual Combat” .................................... B. Double-Sided Coin/Chameleon Conduct ................................................... 1. Prostitution and Trafficking/Sexual Abuse (if Minors) ..................... 2. Sexting and Child Pornography ......................................................... C. A More Worthy Victim/Out-Victimed ........................................................ 1. Maternal Failure to Protect ................................................................ 2. Child Pornography v. Sexual Abuse/CSEC ....................................... D. Missing Victims ........................................................................................... 1. Drug Offenses ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'Transnational Criminal Law'?
    MFK-Mendip Job ID: 9924BK--0085-3 3 - 953 Rev: 27-11-2003 PAGE: 1 TIME: 11:20 SIZE: 61,11 Area: JNLS OP: PB ᭧ EJIL 2003 ............................................................................................. ‘Transnational Criminal Law’? Neil Boister* Abstract International criminal law is currently subdivided into international criminal law stricto sensu — the so-called core crimes — and crimes of international concern — the so-called treaty crimes. This article suggests that the latter category can be appropriately relabelled transnational criminal law to find a doctrinal match for the criminological term transnational crime. The article argues that such a relabelling is justified because of the need to focus attention on this relatively neglected system, because of concerns about the process of criminalization of transnational conduct, legitimacy in the development of the system, doctrinal weaknesses, human rights considerations, legitimacy in the control of the system, and enforcement issues. The article argues that the distinction between international criminal law and transnational criminal law is sustainable on four grounds: the direct as opposed to indirect nature of the two systems, the application of absolute universality as opposed to more limited forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, the protection of international interests and values as opposed to more limited transnational values and interests, and the differently constituted international societies that project these penal norms. Finally, the article argues that the term transnational criminal law is apposite because it is functional and because it points to a legal order that attenuates the distinction between national and international. 1 Introduction The term ‘transnational crime’ is commonly used by criminologists, criminal justice officials and policymakers,1 but its complementary term, ‘transnational criminal law’ (TCL), is unknown to international lawyers.
    [Show full text]
  • Victimology – Past, Present and Future
    VICTIMOLOGY – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE John P. J. Dussich* I. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF VICTIMOLOGY A. The Early Roots The word “victim” has its roots in many ancient languages that covered a great distance from north- western Europe to the southern tip of Asia and yet had a similar linguistic pattern: victima in Latin; víh, wéoh, wíg in Old European; wíh, wíhi in Old High German; vé in Old Norse; weihs in Gothic; and, vinak ti in Sanskrit (Webster’s 1971). Victimology as an academic term contains two elements: • One is the Latin word “Victima” which translates into “victim”. • The other is the Greek word “logos” which means a system of knowledge, the direction of something abstract, the direction of teaching, science, and a discipline. Although writings about the victim appeared in many early works by such criminologists as Beccaria (1764), Lombroso (1876), Ferri (1892), Garófalo (1885), Sutherland (1924), Hentig (1948), Nagel (1949), Ellenberger (1955), Wolfgang (1958) and Schafer (1968), the concept of a science to study victims and the word “victimology” had its origin with the early writings of Beniamin Mendelsohn (1937; 1940), these leading to his seminal work where he actually proposed the term “victimology” in his article “A New Branch of Bio-Psycho-Social Science, Victimology” (1956). It was in this article that he suggested the establishment of an international society of victimology which has come to fruition with the creation of the World Society of Victimology, the establishment of a number of victimological institutes (including the creation here in Japan of the Tokiwa International Victimology Institute); and, the establishment of international journals which are now also a part of this institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Levitt Sample.Qxd
    Detailed Table of Contents Foreword xviii Preface xx Acknowledgments xxiv Dedication xxv Section I. Introduction and Overview of Crime and Criminology 1 What Is Criminology? 2 What Is Crime? 2 Crime as a Moving Target 2 Crime as a Subcategory of Social Harms 3 Beyond Social Construction: The Stationary Core Crimes 4 Criminality 5 A Short History of Criminology 6 The Role of Theory in Criminology 8 What Is Theory? 9 How to Think About Theories 10 Ideology in Criminological Theory 11 Connecting Criminological Theory and Social Policy 13 A Brief Word About the Section Readings 15 Summary 16 Key Terms 17 Exercises and Discussion Questions 17 Useful Websites 18 How to Read a Research Article 19 The Use and Usefulness of Criminology, 1751–2005: Enlightened Justice and Its Failures 20 READING 23 1. The Use and Usefulness of Criminology, 1751–2005: Enlightened Justice and Its Failures 23 Lawrence W.Sherman A short history of criminology and a cry to make it useful and experimental. Section II. Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior 32 Categorizing and Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior 32 The Uniform Crime Reports: Counting Crime Officially 33 Cleared Offenses 36 Problems With the UCR 36 NIBRS: The “New and Improved”UCR 37 Crime Victimization Survey Data and Their Problems 38 Areas of Agreement Between the UCR and NCVS 40 Self-Reported Crime Surveys and Their Problems 40 The Dark Figure of Crime 41 What Can We Conclude About the Three Main Measures of Crime in America? 43 The FBI’s Ten Most Wanted 43 Summary 44 Key Terms 45 Exercises and Discussion Questions 45 Useful Websites 46 READINGS 46 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Criminal Law
    Introduction to the Laws of Kurdistan, Iraq Working Paper Series Transnational Criminal Law Pub. 2016 Iraq Legal Education Initiative (ILEI) American University of Iraq, Sulaimani Stanford Law School Kirkuk Main Road Crown Quadrangle Raparin 559 Nathan Abbott Way Sulaimani, Iraq Stanford, CA 94305-8610 www.auis.ed.iq www.law.stanford.edu 1 Preface to the Series: Introduction to the Laws of Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan Iraq and Iraq's Kurdistan Region is at a compelling juncture in their histories. In the wake of the transition to a democratic state, the country and region economy has prospered and its institutions have grown more complex. As institutional capacity has grown, so too has the need for a robust rule of law. An established rule of law can provide assurances to investors and businesses, while keeping checks on government and private powers and protecting citizens’ fundamental rights. Institutions of higher learning, such as universities and professional training centers, can and should play a key role in stimulating and sustaining this dynamic. Indeed, education is foundational. This paper is part of the Introduction to the Laws of Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan, a series of working papers produced by the Iraqi Legal Education Initiative (ILEI) of Stanford Law School. This series seeks to engage Iraqi students and practitioners in thinking critically about the laws and legal institutions of Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan. Founded in 2012, ILEI is a partnership between the American University of Iraq in Sulaimani (AUIS) and Stanford Law School (SLS). The project’ seeks to positively contribute to the development of legal education and training in Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Quinney, Richard: Social Transformation and Peacemaking Criminology
    Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory Quinney, Richard: Social Transformation and Peacemaking Criminology Contributors: John F. Wozniak Editors: Francis T. Cullen & Pamela Wilcox Book Title: Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory Chapter Title: "Quinney, Richard: Social Transformation and Peacemaking Criminology" Pub. Date: 2010 Access Date: September 12, 2014 Publishing Company: SAGE Publications, Inc. City: Thousand Oaks Print ISBN: 9781412959186 Online ISBN: 9781412959193 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959193.n208 Print pages: 754-764 ©2010 SAGE Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This PDF has been generated from SAGE knowledge. Please note that the pagination of the online version will vary from the pagination of the print book. SAGE ©2010 SAGE Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. SAGE knowledge http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959193.n208 Richard Quinney is a sociologist who gained international renown as a radical criminologist. In various writings, he drew attention to the relationship between capitalism and crime and also analyzed crime and its control from a number of perspectives. Quinney's notoriety and progression as a criminologist can be discerned through an examination of five standpoints including his (1) characterization by scholarly peers, (2) biography and career stages, (3) movement of writings from perspective to perspective to perspective, (4) focus on social transformation and peacemaking criminology, and (5) legacy of work for the field of criminology. A key theme of this entry is that, during the major stages of his intellectual career, Quinney laid the foundation for his articulation of a peacemaking criminology. Thus, this perspective represents a growth in his way of thinking rather than a rejection of his earlier criminologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Crimes Defined
    Michigan Law Review Volume 18 Issue 1 1919 Political Crimes Defined Theodore Schroeder Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Criminal Law Commons, European Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the Rule of Law Commons Recommended Citation Theodore Schroeder, Political Crimes Defined, 18 MICH. L. REV. 30 (1919). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol18/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POLITICAL CRIMES DEFINED C ONTINENTAL Europe is in the midst of revolutions. The immediate antecedents are such as to suggest the probable ac- companiment of more widespread and perhaps even more in- tense passions of various sort, than have ever before been brought into being with a revolution. This in turn suggests the likelihood that there will follow more political plots and counter-revolutions than is usual in such cases. From such causes it is highly probable that the juridical meaning of the statutory words "an offense of a political character" will be a matter of frequent controversy, as suc- cessive crops of exiles claim the right of asylum in America. The character of the present revolutions is such that, more than usual the exiles will be from the more fortunate and educated class which has become disprivileged by the democratizing process.
    [Show full text]
  • 30 POLITICAL CORRUPTION AS a FORM of STATE CRIME a Case Study on Electoral Donations
    30 POLITICAL CORRUPTION AS A FORM OF STATE CRIME A case study on electoral donations Nubia Evertsson Source: 2013: previously unpublished Abstract In this chapter, I analyze how state crimes emerge when incumbents utilize their offices to reciprocate electoral donors with undue benefits, favorable regulations, contracts, and job appointments. The problem, as it is seen here, is that (a) while electoral donations are cloaked with legality, they facilitate corruption, and (b) the delivery of undue ben- efits creates social harm, because it diverts the allocation of public resources and destroys confidence in the political system. Thus, I argue and demonstrate how the money delivered as electoral dona- tions constitutes a corrupt incentive that should be classified as illegal. Introduction In democracies money is needed to run elections and there is a parallel belief that money should not buy the decisions of incumbents, though this does occur in practice (Green and Ward 2004; Friedrichs 2004; Nelken and Levi 1996; Shichor and Geis 2007). Studies report that electoral donors have obtained favorable legislation, unjustified contracts and subsidies, and unmerited job appointments. Electoral donations certainly seem to exert undue influence on policy outcomes.1 To deal with this problem, regulatory frameworks have been introduced worldwide to mitigate the influence of campaign contributions on incumbent decision making. Electoral regulations focus on demanding the disclosure of electoral donations and donors’ identi- ties, and limiting the ceilings of donations and campaign expenditures. However, serious concerns regarding the scope of these regulations make them appear futile, because it is believed that some countries have left certain issues unattended to facilitate the delivery of undue benefits to donors.
    [Show full text]