Index

ABA-regulated genes, 4 Arabideae, genus, 333 Acacia, 38 Arabidopsis thaliana, 57, 98 Acanthamoeba, 44 Arabinoglactan proteins (AGPs), 19 Actin, 44-51,130-132 Arachis hypogaea, 40 Actin-binding protein (ABP), 51 Arizona Arid Environment Maize, Advanced stages of flower development 356 (ASFD), 17-18 A rtemia , 178 Agave parryi, 39-40 Aspergillus nidulans, 142 Agrobacterium, 4, 68, 261-268, 270- Aspergillus oryzae, 78 271 Asteraceae, 420 Agrobacterium tumejaciens, 262-264, Asthma, 10 269, 344-345 ATPase, 135 Agrostis alba, 8 ATPase activity, 219-222 Albicans rubens, 397 Australian wheatgrass, 150 Alfalfa, 248-251, 325-326, 340-341 Avena, 411 AI/amanda neriijolia, 233-234, 236 Alleles, mutant, 403-405 Allergens, 7-8 Barbarea intermedia, 332 Allergic disease, 7 Barbarea vulgariS, 332-334 Alliaria ojjicinalis, 332-333 , 208, 408; see also, Almond cultivars, pollen of, 441-444 vulgare Alocasia macrorrhiza, 234 Bee visitation, patterns of, 441 Alopecurus pratensis, 180 B-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, 3-4 Amyloplast, 8, 36-40 Biotechnology, in reproductive biology, Angiosperm reproduction cells, 36-40 340-345 Anion exchange high pressure liquid Brassica, 55-56, 60, 63-64, 94-96, 98- chromatography (AE-HPLC), 99, 155, 159 219 Brassicaceae, 331, 333, 342, 408, 411, Anther box, 23-24, 26 445 Anthers, 32-34 Brassica campestris, 62, 77, 155-156, Anthoxanthum odoratum, 8 158-159 Antirrhinum, genus, 104-105 Brassica carcinata, 408 Antirrhinum majus, 104-105, 107 Brassica cretica, 332-334 Antirrhinum hispanicum, 105, 107 Brassicajuncea, 408, 429-430, 432 Antisense RNA, 22 Brassica napus, 59-60, 62, 120-121, Apomixis, 149,342 128-130,332-334,408 458 Index

Brassica oleracea, 55, 57, 60, 62, 77, 96, Confocal laser scanning microscope 332,334 (CLSM), 140, 219 vaT. sabellica, 333 Constitutive genes, 125, 129-132 Brassiea rapa, 156-159 Coomassic blue staining, 44, 49, 126, Bread , see Triticum aestivum 134-137,171-172 Broad bean, 452; see also Vicia jaba Corn,44,291,336,408 Buckwheat, 429 Cotton, 160-161,336 Cross-incompatibility, in maize, 110- 113 Callose Cross incompatible male (cim) gene, biosynthesis, 162 112-114 plug deposition, 162-164, 166 Cross incompatible female (elf) gene, Campanula, 163 111,113-114 Campanula rapuneuloides, 117, 119- Cross pollination, 120 120 Crueijerae, 38,55,59,94,411 Campanulaeeae, 117 Cucumis melo, 375 Canal exudate, 213-214, 217 Cueumis sativus, 142 Carrot somatic cells, 245-246 Cucurbita, 353 Cassava, 340 Cueurbita maxima, 187-189 Cassia, 353 Cucurbita pepo, 432 Cassia oecidentalis, 152 Cytogenetics, 395 Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), 35S) promoter, 4-5, 22 133 Cellular membrane stability (CMS), 192, 194 Ceratophyllales, 144-145 Daetylorhiza maculata, 341 Ceratophyllum demersum, 144-145, Dehydration, 177-179, 184 148 Desiccation, 177-179, 180-181, 184- Cereals, 408, 4,1 1 185 Certation, 382-383 Diamidinophenyl-indole (DAPI), 165, Chalcone synthase (chs) gene, 22 322 Chloroplast, 8, 36-38, 40 staining, 224-225 Chromoplast, 36-38, 40 Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 119 Chromosome reducing events, 245-246 Dianthus, 353 Cis-elements, 3, 5 Dibutyl phthalate, 150-153 Citrus, 163 Dietyostallium diseoideum, 49, 221 Clearing techniques for ovule study, Didodecyl-PE (DDPE), 184 149-152 Digitalis purpurea, 140 Coating superficial layer (CSL), 56-57, Dipalrnitoylphosphatidylcholine 95 (DPPC),I77-179 Colchicine, 236 Diploid progeny generation, 405 Cold tolerance, correlation between Diploid stage, 402-404 gametophytic and sporophytic, Diploidy, 426 359-360 Disaccarides, 179-180 Competition, 388 Domestication locus, 415-416 Concanavalin A (Con A), 102 Domestication process, dynamic of, -peroxidase, 107 417 -sepharose affinity chromatography, Drosophila, 221 86 Durum wheat, see T. durum Index 459

Early stages of flower development Fluorescence microscopy, 102, 118 (ESFD), 17-18 Fluorochromatic reaction (FCR) test, Egg-mother cells (EMCs), competition 349 among,283-284 Forage, 336 Elaioplast, 36-38, 40 Fourier Transform IR-spectroscopic Elymus, 150 method,177 Embryogenesis, 144,279-280,282-283, Free fatty acids (FFAs), 185 331,333,342,345,427 Fructose-l,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), Embryogenic competence, 245 130-131 Embryoids, 32, 34 Fusarium oxsporium, 337 Embryo sac transformation, 343-345 Embryo stability, 411 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), 160-161 G-actin, 46, 48-49 Endosperm, 152,427,455 Gametes, 2n, 274-276, 278 Endosperm stability, 411 frequency of in hybrid diploid clones, Epipactis palustris, 341 275 EPTC, see S-ethyl dipropil selection of clones producing, 274- thiocarbamate 275 Eranthis hiemalis, 40 Gamete selection, 355-358 Erysimum, 332-333 versus non-selected progeny, 357-358 Erysimum crepidijolium, 332 via in vitro pollination-fertilization, Erysimum pallidif/orum, 332 356-357 Erysimum pulchellum, 332 Gametophytically controlled SI (GSI), Erysimum virgatum, 332 66-72,104,163 Eugenol, 151 Gametophytic competition, 382, 384, Evolutionary biology, 451 386,419 Exploitation competition, 435 under stress conditions, 385 Extensin, 19-20 Gametophytic development, 399 Extracellular matrix (ECM), 239-241, Gametophytic growth rates, 388 243 Gametophytic incompatibility, 397 Exudate, 315-316, 319 Gametophytic reduction, 377-379 antiserum, 213 Gametophytic selection, 370-371, 374- 375,377,382,386,388,401,429, 432 i-actin, 43, 46 conditional, 384-385 Fagopyrum esculentum, 429 in rice, 382-386 Fatty acid unsaturation, 178-181, 185 post-mating factors in, 384 Female choice, 389, 429 pre-mating factors in, 382-384 Fesel,8 Gametophytic sterility, 382 Festuca elatior, 8 Gametophytogenesis, 144 Fibrinogen, 134, 239 Gasteria verrucosa, 166, 170, 172,227 Fibronectin (FN), 239-240, 243 Gene expression, 3, 34, 125, 129,280- Filliform apparatus, 170-171 281,321,408,429,435 First division restitution (FDR), 274- at protein level, 125-129 276 Gene flow, 441 Flavens haplo-Hookeri, 398 Generation cells, 233 Flavonoids, 22-23 isolation from pollen tubes in Lilium, Fluorescein deacetate (FDA), 322 321-324 Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 225 Generative nucleus division, 162 460 Index

Genetic load, 401-404 Humidity, stresses on tobacco pollen, Genetic variance, 406, 432 349-354 Gene transfer, pollen mediated, 261 Hybrid embryos, 331 Genic sterility, 382 Hybridization, 15,29-30, 32-34, 125, Gentiana cruciata, 144-145, 148 140-142,414,426 Gentianales, 144 wide, 408-411 Germination, 181-184,388,435 Hybrids, in the grasses, 408-412 Gladiolus, 102 Hybrid sterility, 382 Glutathione, high (GSH), 364, 366-367 Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins Glutathione transferase (GST), 364, (HRGPs),19 366-367 Hyoscyamus niger (henbane), 32-34 Glycine max, 39-40, 243 Glycoproteins, 102 Gossypium hirstum, 160 [lex opaca, 152-153 Gramineae, 44, 180-181, 185,409 Imbibitional injury, 181-185 Grass pollen, 3, 10 Immunofluorescence staining, 213-214, Group 1 allergen, 7-8 219,224-225,227,236 Gymnadenia conopsea, 341 Immunoglubulin E (IgE), 7, 10 Gymnosperms, 420, 451, 453, 455 Impatiens glandulifera, 39, 180, 183 Gynoecium, 238-239, 242-243, 410, Impatiens walleriana, 39 433 Inbreeding depression, 401-404 Incompatibility, 110,325,329,399,411 Incompatible matings, 379 Haploid cells, 321 Integrins, 239 Haploid embryos, 279, 342 Interaction product (IP), 61 Haploid generation, 397, 399 Interapertural exine, 253, 257-258 Haploid genomes, 395, 401-403 Interfamiliar hybrids, 331 Haploid induction, 291-293 Interference Haploid phase, 414, 428 competition, 435-436, 438-439 Haploid pollen, 359 potential for in wild radish pollen, Heat shock proteins (HSPs), 191-194 435-439 Heat shock treatment, 342 Intergeneric hybrids, 331-333, 408 Heat stress tolerance, in maize, 355- Interspecific hybrids, 325-329, 331, 333, 358 341,408 Helyanthus annuus, 245 Intraspecific polyploids, 340-341 Hemerocallisf/ava, 240-241 Isoelectric focusing (IEF), 105-107, 197 Henbane, see Hyoscyamus niger Herr Clearing techniques, 149, 155-156 Hesperideneae, genus, 333 Juglans, genus, 201-203 Hesperis matronalis, 332-333 Juglans nigra, 202-203, 205 Heterosis, 125,426-428 Juglans regia, 201-205 Heterozygosity, 395-399 Heterozygotes, 111, 415 Hibiscus moscheutos, 388-389, 392 Kentucky bluegrass, 8 Homogonylocus, 416-417 Kinesin, 218-222, 283 Homozygosity, 396-398 Homozygotes, 402 Hordeum bulbosum, 410-411 Laminin, 239 Hordeum vulgare, 145, 408, 411 Leaf mustard, see Brassica juncea Index 461

Leguminoseae, 163 Medicago scutellata, 325, 327 Liliaceae, 163 Megagametogenesis, 155-158 Lilium, genus, 163, 341 Megagametophyte, 155 Lilium, 490 Megaspore mother cell (MMC), 156 Lilium longif/orum, 39,140-141,196, Megasporogenesis, 152, 156,158 213-214,242,243,315,319, Melandrium album, 30 321-322, 324 Mendelian inheritance, 395 Lilium regale, 315 Microfilament cytoskeleton, 43, 49-51 Linum grandif/orum, 253-254, 257 Microgametophyte, 117, 142 Linum pubescens, 257 competition, 438 Lolium perenne, 8, 39 Micropylar exudate, 170-172 Lol pi, 7-10 Microsporogenesis, 3, ,22, 131, 224-227, Lol plb, 7-10 245,274,281 Lolpll,7-8 Microtubular cytoskeleton, 218, 224- Lol plll, 7-8 228,240 Lotus corniculatus, 432 Microtubular motors, 218, 222 Lotus, genus, 38,163,353 Microtubule organization, 233-235 Ludwigia hexapetala, 152-153 Microtubules, Ludwigia uruguayensis, 152 in isolated cells, 235-236 Lycopersicon esculentum, 28-29, 71, of generative cells in pollen tubes, 242-243,245,356,370 233-234,236 Lycopersicon hirsutum, 356 Molecular genetic marker analysis, 441 Lycopersicum peruvianum, 38-39, Molecular genetics, 66 66-67, 70-71, 86 Monensin (nM), 207-211 Lynchnis alba, 30 Morphogenesis, 207, 239, 441 Lyso-PLs, 185 Morphology, 162, 441 Multiallele locus, 104 Multi-locus selection model, 401 Maize, 3, 133, 180, 345, 355-362, 388, Muskmelon, see Cucumis melD 408,411,414-415,417 Mustard, wild, 156 herbicide tolerance in, 364-368 Mutational load, model of, 405-406 pollen, 3-4,285-289 Myosin, 44, 48 genotype effects on, 285-289 ploi.dy effects on, 285-289 Male gametophytic selection (MGS), Narcissus poeticus, 180 191,194-195 Nelumbonales, 144-145 Male sterility, conditioned, 384-385 Nelumbo nucifera, 144-146, 148 Malus domestica, 207, 210 Nicotiana alata, 19,66-70,72,77-80, Manihot epruinosa, 340 85-88,98-99,102,119,163-164, Manihot esculenta, 340 196-199 Manihot glaziovii, 340 Nicotiana sp., 55 Medicago arborea, 326-329 Nicotiana, genus, 70, 98, 163, 166 Medicago falcata, 325 cultured pollen tubes of, 162 Medicago, genus, 249, 325-326, 329 Nicotiana glauca, 378 Medicago glutinosa, 325 Nicotiana sylvestris, 133, 137, 164, Medicago media, 325 197-199 Medicago noeana, 326-327 Nicotiana tabacum, 16,78,87,139, Medicago rugosa, 325-328 164-166,218-222,224,226-227, Medicago sativa, 248, 325-329, 341 309-310,349 462 Index

Nicotiana tabacum (cont.) Paspalum, 170 pollen tubes in, 218-222 Peach, 377-379; see also, Prunus Non-chromosomal stripe trait (NCS), persica 133 Pearl millet, 414-415, 417-419 Non-random fertilization, 429, 432 Pelargonium, genus, 249 Non-random mating, 435 Pennisetum, 181 Non-random seed setting, of ovules, Pennisetum americanum, 408-410 429,432 Petunia, genus, 70, 72, 102, 119, 133, Nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator, 3-4 163,343-344,353 Northern blot analysis, 15, 125, 131, Petunia hybrida, 23, 66, 71-72, 78, 86, 139-142 101-102,261-266,447 N-terminal sequence, 7-8 Petunia inf/ata, 66-68, 70-72, 77-78 Nuphar lutea, 144-146, 148 Pharbitis nil, 253 Nymphaeales, 144-145 Pharmacia System Iso Electro Focusing, 168 Phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), 178, Oats, 411 180, 184 Oenothera Phospholipids (PLs) cytogenetics of, 395-396 non-bilayer phase, 184 female line of, 397-399 phase changes with drying, 177-183 fertilization of, 399 Pinus leuco dermis, 453-454 male line of, 396-397 Pistachia vera, 203 Oenothera biennis, 397 Pistil, 117-120,350,377-379 Oenothera erythrosepala, 39-40 -mediated reduction, 379 Oenothera, genus, 249, 395-397, 399 structures, 377 Oenothera lamarkiana, 396 Placental fluid, 168-169 Oenothera suaveolens, 398 Placental pollination, 315-316 Oilseed, 125 Plantago coronopus, 29 Olea europaea, 38 breeding, 340 Open pollination (OP), 276, 278 Plastid, 36-40, 160 Organogenesis, 145-146, 148 differentiation, 40 Ornithogalum, 170 pathways, 37 Oryza glaberrima, 382-383 Plastid inheritance Oryza longistaminata, 384 in alfalfa, 248-251 Oryza rujiupogon, 382 paternal, 248 Oryza sativa, 382-383, 384, 429 Plumbago zeylanica, 39, 324 Oryza sativa indica, 382-383, 384-385 , genus, 145,420 Oryza sativa japonica, 382-383, 384- , l44 385 Poa pratensis, 8 Osmotic stress, 177 Pollen Outcrossed pollination, 118 alien, 410 Ovule, 377-379, 388, 398, 401-402, 408, allergens, 7-10 410-412 capture, 139, 408-409 degeneration, 378-379 coating polypeptides (PCPs), 60-63 fertilized, 325-329, 331-334, 341 cold-treated, 359-361 competition, 388-389, 405, 414, 417, 429,432-433,435,439 Papaver, 179 competitive ability of, 388 Paperavaceae, 76 environmental effects on, 445-449 Parietaria judaica, 38 -expressed genes, regulation of, 3-5 Index 463

Pollen (cont.) 449; see also, Raphanus raphanis• fertilization, 408-409 trum in L. longif/orum, 315-317 Raphanus, 38,445-446 genetic effects on, 445 Raphanus raphanistrum, 240, 432 germinability, 389, 392 Raphanus sativus, 429-432, 436 germination, 377, 389-392, 408-410 Reduced seed setting (RSS), 110-114 load,117,435,439,444 Renner complexes, 395-398 morphology, 451 Rhizopus niveus, 78 -pistil interaction, 196 Ribonucleic acid (RNA), 55, 68-69, 78- selection, 355-356, 359-368, 401-406, 82,88-89,96,98,102,104,125, 429 129,131,140-141 coefficient of, 402 Rice, 336; see also, Oryza sativa rates of, 389 Rice, Asian cultivated, 382, 384; see variation in, 391 also, Oryza sativa specificity, 4 RNA, see Ribonucleic acid -specific gene expression, 139-143 Rosa, 179 -specific promoters, 3-5 Rosaceae, 76, 163 -stigma interaction, 224 Rosa moyesii, 180 stress tolerance in, 177 Rose mallow, see Hibiscus moscheutos transformation, 343-345 Rye, 8-10 Pollen tube Rye-grass pollen allergens, molecular alien,408 cloning of, 7-10 competition, 388, 401-402, 406 Pollen tube growth, 101, 113, 117-118, 129,141-143,155,162,224-228, S-allele, 55, 62-64, 66, 68-72, 75, 78, 384-385,409,429,433,435,439 80-81,85- 86,96,102,104-107, extracellular matrix in, 238-243 117,436,438 in L. longif/orum, 315-319 specificity, 69, 71-72, 79, 86 rates, 377-379, 389~392, 405-406, Salt stress, 177 408,411,445-446 S-antigen, 101 Pollen tube pathways, 336, 408 Scrophulariaceae, 104 Pollination intensity, 406 Secale cereale, 180-181,408 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 327 Second division restitution (SDR), 274- Polygonum lYPe, 158 276 Portulaca oleracea, 155 Seed development, 144-146,446 Potato, 274, 340, 353 S-genes, 69-70, 75, 81-82, 86,117 Proembryo, 428 S-genotypes, 71, 76, 78-79, 86, 95, Proplastid,36-40 107 Protein secretion, 208-211 Segregation distortion, 382 Prunus avium, 38-39 Self-compatible (SC) Prunus dulcis, 201 elements, 104 Prunus, genus, 201, 378 genotypes, 105 Prunuspersica, 201, 377 species, 64 Self-fertilization, 399, 402, 404, 454 selective, 371-372 Quercus i1ex, 180, 183-184 Self incompatibility (SI), 55, 57, 62-64, 66,75,78,84-91,94-96, 102, 104-105,107-108,117,120,162- Radish, see Raphanus sativus 164,196,238,331,384,408,436 Radish,wild,432-433,435-437,446, genotypes, 105 464 Index

Self incompatibility (SI) (cont.) Sporopollenin, 187-189,253,257 in Antirrhinum, 104-108 S-proteins, 67-72, 96 in Petunia, 101-102 S-specificity, 87, 92 of almond cultivars, 441 Starch, 8-10 pollination, 162 Starch accumulation, 160-161 Self-pollination, 101, 108, 118-119, Stigma, 409-410, 414, 417, 429, 435- 373-375,430,432 436 Senecio, 170 Stigmatic exudate, 168, 213-214, 217 S-ethyl dipropil thiocarbamate (EPTC), Stigmatic pollination, 315-316, 331 364-367 Streptonyces cinnamonensis, 207 Sexual generation, 395 Stylar cytoplasm, 28-29, 31 Sf-allele, 397 Stylar exudate, 168 S-gene, 98 Style age, S-glycoproteins, 76-78, 82,101-102, effects on self and cross pollen in 104,107 Campanula rapunculoides, 117- Si-allele, 397 120 Signal transduction, 102 protein composition of, 117 Silene Substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs), alba, 445-446, 448 239-241,243 dioica, 30 Synergid, 170,409,411 latifolia, 28, 30, 445 Sz-allele, 70 Sinapsis Sz-protein, 67 alba, 332-333 arvensis, 332-334 Sinapsis, genus, 333 Tapetum, 125, 142 Sisymbriae, genus, 333 Temperature, 117 S-locus, 69-72, 82,94-95,98,104,107 high, effects on tobacco pollen, 349- S-locus related (SLR) genes, 62, 64, 94 354 S-locus specific glycoproteins (SLOs), low, 385 56,61-64,94,96-99,117-119, stress, 135, 177 196 Teosinte, 414, 417 S-methionine, 81 Theobroma, 163 Solanaceae. 19,66-67,69-72,76,78, Thermotolerance, 191-192, 194 86,104,106-107,117,119-120, Timothy grass, 8 140,150,163,197,274,331, Tn mutagenesis, 104, 107 343 Tobacco, 16-17,20,279,282-283,344- Solanum 345,349 chacoense, 66-67, 78,274, 343 Tomato, 28, 370-374 melongena, 227 earliness of, 370 phureja, 274 Tradescantia, 80, 193,324 tarijense, 274 paludosa, 3-4 tuberosum, 66, 77, 86, 274 virginiana, 234 Sorghum, 410 Transposable elements (Tns), 104, 107 Soyabean, 336 Transposon tagging, 12, 15 S-phase, 282-283 Trifolium, genus, 38 S-specific glycoproteins, 117 Triticeae, 409-410, 412 Spinacia oleracea, 39-40 Triticum, 324 Sporogenesis, 144 aestivum, 39-40, 144-145, 148,292, Sporophyte selection, 414 295,408,410 Sporophytic growth rates, 388 carthlicum, 292, 295 Index 465

durum, 408 Water stress, 177 speita, 295 VVheat, 291-292, 294-295, 336, 344, turgidum, 408 408, 410-411 True Potato Seed (TPS) program, 274- 276,278 1illipa, 187-188 X chromosome, 30 1jJpha, 178-179 X. triticosecale, 408 1jJpha lati/olia, 180-184

Y chromosome, 28 Ubiquitin, 130-132 Ulmus glabra, 253 Ultraviolet (UV) difference spectro• Zantedeschia aethiopica, 234 scopy,49 Zea mays, 30,43,56,64, 180,298-299, Unidirectional incompatibility, 110, 352, 379,408-410; see also, 114 Corn Zephyranthaceae, 149 Zm 13, 3-5 Vicia/aba, 240-243, 245-246, 451-452, Zygosity, 426 455 Zygote, 146, 148,395-396,428,447,455 Violaceae, 420 fitness, variation in, 405 Viola diversi/olia, 420, 424, 451 formation, 401 Vitronectin (VN), 239, 242-243 Zygotic embryo, 342