DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Quality in Madura Strait, Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository Water Quality in Madura Strait, Indonesia Nugrahadi, M. Saleh Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University Yanagi, Tetsuo Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University https://doi.org/10.15017/16684 出版情報：九州大学大学院総合理工学報告. 25 (1), pp.7-15, 2003-06. Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University バージョン： 権利関係： En(grf' {lti'e,rfin,g,S,ci,e,nlsfts,R,e,psr,til,K,y,u.sRu,UHtiKveori?V'y Jte thIl Jit \ Jk \ wa me ft ge r\ cu fk ng 25g ag IZ 7-15 H rpnt 15 ff 6n VoL 25, No. 1pp. 7-15 JUNE. 2003 Water Quality in Madura Strait, Indonesia M. Saleh NUGRAHADI" ' , Tetsuo YANAGI* 2 E-mailofcorrespondingauthor:saleh riam. shu-u.ac.' (Received Jan IS', 2003) Observations on water quality based on physical, chemical and biological properties of sea surface water were conducted on 13-14 September 2000 and on 14-15 May 2001 in Madura Strait, Indonesia. Particular emphasis has been placed on Surabaya and Porong estuaries and its surrounding coastal water, where rivers carry contaminated load from land and debouch. The observation showed that Madura Strait received a lot ofpollutant from the rivers. Key words: water guality, Madura Strait, Porong river, Surabaya river, estuary 1. Introduction Wrigley and Widjanarko (1999) reported that there were many domestic and industrial sources of Madura Strait lies between East Java, Madura pollution in the Brantas river catchment. A total Island, and Bali Strait (Fig. 1). It is connected to the 13.72 million people or 429o of East Java population Java Sea through the narrow, shallow channel around presently live in the basin. Additionally, there are 20 km long, less than 15 km. wide and four meter numerous industries in the Brantas river basin, and deep, and Surabaya Harbor is situated at the center of many of them are potential polluters of the river. this channel. Surabaya is the second biggest city in Due to the pressure from industry, agriculture and Indonesia and the main harbor in the eastern part of urbanization, the Brantas River becomes heavily Indonesia. In the southern part there is an electric s J va Sea ss.f ,,.,(( itslii Madura !sland , 7"sirk&llEl.l x-t - ,c... ",. I '"t" s."E:,' i" t -7. }iiiiiil (it//k2;ff;..., asPZ .= . ,' iNDQII.)illll\,.,.,,,..Sll'!Agfi, '`" r --------..----.---- Ig bl3 ,i- "- : lliixll<iiiiiiiii,rait Ir' .t Y-} .il C; t ':' River k i l r.tl) :, ., ..,,., :,.: -7. svrabeYs tttt .: rb ttl.lt:, : ,.). ' ' ),.:. I:'" "i:,:l 1:l ,,,.JavaSea .l ) .vvt' ' t..'."t L. ",, B,:II}tSS pstk•.si..N.g.: eq yoPe. " ,UM,{..durq.,,ttqq•1't •:•k -7. East Java t: ss.,,i,,,llll.gMliilli}li;iillit. ' E': Okm 10km20 km "ft' -7. m Etectrtc. Fig. 1 Situation site of Madura Strait 112.4 112.6 112.8 113 113.2 113.4 E Fig. 2 Study area and bottom topography. Numbers show depth m meter. power plant. Madura Strait is a shallow water area with depth ranging between 1-60 m. The water depth near land is 1-5 meters, and deepens toward eastward. The steep area exists between Madura and Kambing islands (Fig. 2 ). 2ee This strait has been used for fishing, sea -Surabayariver transportation, and shrimp cultivation.' Madura Strait 7 .N lsc --mi,-- Porongriver is located at the downstream area of the Brantas river s & i 2 that diverges into the Surabaya river which passes 81ee through the heart bf city of Surabaya and the Porong b- , river which is built as flood control c.anal. The se freshwater discharge of these two rivers varies seasonally. The Surabaya river input in 1997 (Fig. 3) e was 19.4 m3!s during the dry season (average from J F M A M J- J A S O N D April to September) and 45.9 m31s during the wet Month season (average from October to April). Meanwhile, Fig. 3 Discharge of Surabaya river and Porong river in 1997. the Porong river input was 15.4 m31s during the dry season and 106.0 m'ls during the wet season. *1 Student, Department ofEarth System Science polluted, threatened by flood and draught. Afterward, the water that fiows into the estuary and Technoloby causes pollution of heavy metal (esp. mercury). However, Rochyatun (1999) showed that the "2 Research Institute for Applied Mechanics -8- Water Quality in Madura Strait, Indonesia environmental quality of the Porong estuary became spectrophotometric method (Parson et al., 1984). better based on 3 years (1992-1994) investigation. Chromium (Cr) was .measured . by atomic absorption During those years, DO increased but COD spectrophotometer method (Ernest. and Billings, decreased. On the other hand, there are several fish 1967). and shrimp ponds along the coast between the Surabaya estuary and the Porong estuary. At the moment those ponds were abandoned due to fish 3. Result disease called "white spot disease ". In this work the impact of river discharge on the estuary area and its adjacent waters is investigated. 3.1 Water temperature and salinity Sea surface water temperature (SST) 2. Method ofResearch distributions in both periods (Fig. 4) show relatiyely high SST in offshore area and low SST in near shore Field observations were carried out on 13-14, area. This is obviousl' y due to the effect of freshwater September 2000, and on 14-15, May 2001 in the discharge from both rivers. SST in September 2000 Madura Strait, East Java Indonesia. The sampling that was ranging between 27 and 310C, was higher period represented the transition period between wet than that in May 2001 that was ranging between 26 and dry season (May) and the end of dry season and 300C. In September 2000, salinity was (September). Eleven points were selected around the between 10 and 35 psu and that in May 2001 was two estuaries of Surabaya and Porong rivers and its between 5 and 27 psu. Temperature and.salinity surrounding coastal water for collecting sea surface distributions affected density distribution. Water water (Fig. 1). Those samples were analyzed in the density in September 2000 was higher than that in field or laboratory. Water temperature was measured May 2001. In September 2000, density was between directly in the field by thermometer, salinity by 4 and 20 and that in May 2001 was between 14 and salinometer and. density was calculated from 17. In Indonesia, September is the end of dry season temperature and salinity by using the program based or transition season between dry to wet monsoon. on UNESCO Sea Water Properties Standard. The daily average air temperature in Surabaya is Chemical and biological parameters were measured between 280C-330C in September. In contrast, May is in the laboratory. Total suspended solid (TSS) was the end of wet season hence the air temperature was measured by gravimetric method. Nitrate (N03), lower than that in September. This situation also silicate (Si) and phosphate (P04) were measured by happened to SST in the Madura Strait. In addition, me. , ,,. 11'1 ":t,I.:.11[1:1[.11.[,-. '""',,,.:,[.ll/ Zl zt ri ,i,i•,,28RkAMIsLAND 1O kra•J• .2eulgrimlstaND 7. 7.2 v' ljx---- •5> v 7. •k '' 7.3 g io Sk xz •7 S 7,4 Surabaya river S 7.4 Surabaya river z8 .N EAST 3AVA "• EAS'l- JAVA 7. 7. di26b porongLvllye Poroypa"rko? e s- 7. z / Temperature eC} Temperature eC} Surtace water Surtace water ' 13-14 September 2oeo 14-15 May 2001 7.7 7.7 112.6 "2.7 112.8 "2.9 113 112.6 "2,7 l 1 2.8 " 2.9 X3 E E Fig.4 Temperature of surface water rpnt15ff JL thH Jk ML"4 Jk 47 sc meapar\Wk ag 25 g ag lg -9- 7.1 Zl . okm'' le'km 2e k,m O kin URA ISIAND VRA ISI.AND 7, 7. eg:i. r x} IT. -e zliiir 7.3 ttR$ 7.3 3,V,,S.,.. -!' •l S 7.4 Surabaya river S 7.4 Surabaya river in v rvL. EAST JAVA EAST jAVA e . 7. .tskx. 7. Poreng riv Porong riv e 7. 7. $alinlty (PSV) Satinity (P$U) Surface water Surtace watef 13-l4September 2ooO 14-15May 2001 7.7 77 "2.6 "2,7 "2,8 "2.9 113 t12,6 M2.7 "2S "2,9 113 E E Fig. 5 Salinity of surface water 7, "l 7,1 ma"'ri'M "i' "" i"d' km Okm lekra 20kra UliUX ISI.AND .-i ., '' V RA ISI-AN D 7v 7. e ,$"1' /e "" 7,3 M x "" 7,3 -pt- • ,4 Z lq- el e Surabaya river Nt'}> Surabaya river S 7.4 1 $ 7.4 twtti ee EAST i JAVA EAST 3AVA . 7. 7. Porong rjv . Porong riv . 7, 7. Density <t] i> Den$ity < u i) $urtace water Surtace water 13-14 September 2eOO 14-15May 2001 Z7 7.7 X2.6 "2,7 '1 1 2,8 112.9 "3 t12.6 "2.7 "2,8 112s9 113 E E Fig. 6 Density (6t ) of surface water -10- Water Quality in Madura Strait, Indonesia 7,1• Zl -- ::/:i:1[:IIIIIII:1,l -''u. :.1.I.1.I:1[:lill-.m"v, ' ok. Aokm 2we,isill,l.lsmND ekrn lekm 2ekm URA! I$IANP Z2 tt Z2 ex,)iS"S ' t"va>e 7.3 7.3 e" in" ie sx< •in" Surabaya river iie Surabaya river k9 S 7.4 ts S 7.4 1' ig" EAST jAVA ` EASTJAVA 3.w" Z5 •-• 3' 75 tw" ' Porong riv Poreng riv . 7.
Recommended publications
  • Islam and Politics in Madura: Ulama and Other Local Leaders in Search of Influence (1990 – 2010)

    Islam and Politics in Madura: Ulama and Other Local Leaders in Search of Influence (1990 – 2010)

    Islam and Politics in Madura: Ulama and Other Local Leaders in Search of Influence (1990 – 2010) Islam and Politics in Madura: Ulama and Other Local Leaders in Search of Influence (1990 – 2010) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 28 augustus 2013 klokke 13.45 uur door Yanwar Pribadi geboren te Sukabumi in 1978 Promotiecommissie Promotor : Prof. dr. C. van Dijk Co-Promotor : Dr. N.J.G. Kaptein Overige Leden : Prof. dr. L.P.H.M. Buskens Prof. dr. D.E.F. Henley Dr. H.M.C. de Jonge Layout and cover design: Ade Jaya Suryani Contents Contents, ................................................................................ vii A note on the transliteration system, ..................................... xi List of tables and figures, ........................................................ xiii Acknowledgements, ................................................................ xv Maps, ....................................................................................... xviii Chapter 1 Introduction, .......................................................................... 1 Madura: an island of piety, tradition, and violence, .............. 1 Previous studies, ..................................................................... 3 Focus of the study, .................................................................. 9 Methods and sources, ............................................................
  • Delineation of Sedimentary Subbasin and Subsurface Interpretation East Java Basin in the Madura Strait and Surrounding Area Based on Gravity Data Analysis

    Delineation of Sedimentary Subbasin and Subsurface Interpretation East Java Basin in the Madura Strait and Surrounding Area Based on Gravity Data Analysis

    Bulletin of the Marine Geology, Vol. 34, No. 1, June 2019, pp. 1 to 16 Delineation of Sedimentary Subbasin and Subsurface Interpretation East Java Basin in the Madura Strait and Surrounding Area Based on Gravity Data Analysis Delineasi Subcekungan Sedimen dan Interpretasi Bawah Permukaan Cekungan Jawa Timur Wilayah Selat Madura dan Sekitarnya Berdasarkan Analisis Data Gayaberat Imam Setiadi1, Budi Setyanta2, Tumpal B. Nainggolan1, Joni Widodo1 1 Marine Geological Institute, Jl. Dr. Djundjunan No. 236, Bandung, 40174, Indonesia. 2 Centre for Geological Survey, Jl.Diponegoro No.57. Bandung, 40122, Indonesia. Corresponding author: [email protected] (Received 08 January 2019; in revised form 15 January 2019 accepted 27 March 2019) ABSTRACT: East Java basin is a very large sedimentary basin and has been proven produce hydrocarbons, this basin consists of several different sub-basins, one of the sub-basin is in the Madura Strait and surrounding areas. Gravity is one of the geophysical methods that can be used to determine geological subsurface configurations and delineate sedimentary sub-basin based on density parameter. The purposes of this study are to delineate sedimentary sub-basins, estimate the thickness of sedimentary rock, interpret subsurface geological model and identify geological structures in the Madura Strait and surrounding areas. Data analysis which used in this paper are spectral analysis, spectral decomposition filter and 2D forward modeling. The results of the spectral analysis show that the thickness of sedimentary rock is about 3.15 Km. Spectral decomposition is performed at four different wave numbers cut off, namely (0.36, 0.18, 0.07 and 0.04), each showing anomaly patterns at depth (1 Km, 2 Km, 3 Km and 4 Km).
  • The Strait of Anian and British Northwest America: Cook's Third Voyage in Perspective*

    The Strait of Anian and British Northwest America: Cook's Third Voyage in Perspective*

    The Strait of Anian and British Northwest America: Cook's Third Voyage in Perspective* JOHNNORRIS For local patriots of British Columbia, Captain Cook's third voyage is unsatisfactory. His stay at Nootka was so brief, his exploration of the coast so perfunctory, and his preoccupation with Alaska so much to be deplored. We are driven, in asking the reasons for these solecisms, to examine his instructions from the Admiralty for the third voyage. Alas, they hardly mention the coast of Northwest America between 45 ° and 65 ° North. Did their Lordships of the Admiralty slip up? Was Cook, that supreme professional who had had a hand in drawing up his own instructions, at less than his expert best? Did Palinurus nod at the helm? Cook's landing at Nootka was the result of his instructions "to put into the first convenient Port to recruit your Wood and Water and procure Refreshments . .Jîl But the prolongation of his stay to four weeks (29 March to 26 April 1778) was traceable to the bad fitting-out of his ships by the Navy Board, which resulted in the rotten foretop and mizzen masts of the Resolution having to be replaced after the strain of the spring gales of the North Pacific. Further, the avoidance of virtually all the rest of the British Columbia coast was in accordance with those instructions, since Cook was ordered to: ... proceed Northward along the Coast as far as the Latitude of 65 °, or farther, if you are not obstructed by Lands or Ice; taking care not to lose any time in exploring Rivers or Inlets, or upon any other account, until you get into the before-mentioned latitude of 65 °...
  • An Investigation of Madura Island, Indonesia

    An Investigation of Madura Island, Indonesia

    What does Tourism Mean to Residents? An Investigation of Madura Island, Indonesia Dian Yulie Reindrawati BSocSc, MM Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Newcastle August 2013 STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University’s Digital Repository**, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. **Unless an Embargo has been approved for a determined period. Dian Yulie Reindrawati: _____________________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to Allah Almighty for all His endless blessings. The completion of this thesis was only possible because I had the support and assistance of many individuals. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to my supervisors: Associate Professor Dr. Kevin Lyons and Dr. Tamara Young for the valuable feedback and constructive criticism on my work. The support you have both given me has been exceptional. I wish to extend my sincere appreciation to Dr. Patricia Johnson for insightful comments, and to Prof. Dr. Kevin Markwell for bringing me to Newcastle for my PhD journey. Thankfulness is also expressed to Prof. Dr. Alison Dean, Dr. Patricia Stanton, Associate Professor Dr. Suzanne Ryan and Michael Romeo for their constant support. I also wish to thank Dr.
  • U N C O R R Ec Ted Pr O

    U N C O R R Ec Ted Pr O

    SED 773 Dispatch: 1.2.06 Journal: SED CE: Hari Journal Name Manuscript No. B Author Received: No. of pages: 18 PE: Revathi Sedimentology (2006) 1–18 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00773.x Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a transgressive, muddy gravel beach: waterside beach, Bay of Fundy, Canada F SHAHIN E. DASHTGARD*, MURRAY K. GINGRAS* and KARL E. BUTLER *Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6E 2G3 (E-mail: [email protected]) O Department of Geology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3 ABSTRACT O Sediments exposed at low tide on the transgressive, hypertidal (>6 m tidal range) Waterside Beach, New Brunswick, Canada permit the scrutinyR of sedimentary structures and textures that develop at water depths equivalent to the upper and lower shoreface. Waterside Beach sediments are grouped into eleven sedimentologically distinct deposits that represent threeP depositional environments: (1) sandy foreshore and shoreface; (2) tidal-creek braid-plain and delta; and, (3) wave-formed gravel and sand bars, and associated deposits. The sandy foreshore and shoreface depositional environment encompasses the backshore; moderately dipping beachface; and, a shallowlyD seaward-dipping terrace of sandy middle and lower intertidal, and muddy sub-tidal sediments. Intertidal sediments reworked and deposited by tidal creeks comprise the tidal-creek braid plain and delta. Wave-formedE sand and gravel bars and associated deposits include: sediment sourced from low-amplitude, unstable sand bars; gravel deposited from large (up to 5Æ5 m high, 800 m long), landward-migrating gravel bars; and, zones ofT mud deposition developed on the landward side of the gravel bars.
  • Evaluation of Multitemporal Satellite Images to Identify Total Suspended Solid Change in Madura Strait Waters

    Evaluation of Multitemporal Satellite Images to Identify Total Suspended Solid Change in Madura Strait Waters

    ISSN 2090-424X J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 1(7)583-588, 2011 Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research © 2010, TextRoad Publication www.textroad.com Evaluation of Multitemporal Satellite Images to Identify Total Suspended Solid Change in Madura Strait Waters Teguh Hariyanto*, M. Taufik, Tb.Solihuddin Department of Geomatic Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) Surabaya,Indonesia ABSTRACT Total Suspend Solid (TSS) is one of physical parameters in waters which are very dynamic depended on upland and the waters condition. The TSS spatial analysis using multi temporal image satellite data in Madura Strait waters was conducted to derive suspended sediment distribution and its sediment dynamics. The method used in this study is TSS algorithm, the application of image data to get the sediment distribution and its density supported by several field measurement results. Based on the research, the distribution concentration of suspended sediment in Madura Strait waters is dynamics, and it can be seen from the changing of sediment concentration widespread in many times of recording. However it was totally occurred the increasing widespread in highly suspended sedimentation concentration. The climate and hydro-oceanography (wave, tidal, current) are the parameters that influence toward distribution dynamics of suspended sediment widespread in the waters. KEY WORDS: TSS, Satellite Image, Hydro-Oceanography. INTRODUCTION Madura strait waters area has a close corelation with coastal environment condition of Bengawan Solo Basin. As the fast development of Surabaya and Gresik cities, such as the development of coastal area for modern residential and industy area, the condition changed the coatal system in this area. The Coastal land reclaimed for industry and residential areas is the first priority of development program in this area.
  • Of the Proposed Oyong Gas and Oil Field Development

    Of the Proposed Oyong Gas and Oil Field Development

    SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OYONG GAS AND OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA February 2004 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 December 2003) Currency Unit – rupiah (Rp) Rp 1.00 = $0.0001 $1.00 = Rp8,480 ABBREVIATIONS ANSI – American National Standards Institute BPMIGAS – Badan Pelaksana Kagiatan Usaha Huly Minyak dan Gas Bumi (Executing Agency for Upstream Oil and Gas Activities) EIA – environmental impact assessment INRR – Institute of Natural and Regional Resources KEP – keputusan (decree) PLN – Perusahaan Listrik Negara (State Electricity Company) OBM – oil-based mud TSS – total suspended solids WBM – water-based mud WHCP – wellhead compression platform WEIGHTS AND MEASURES µg – microgram bpd – barrel per day dBA – decibel acoustic g – gram H2S – hydrogen sulphide in – inch km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m – meter megapascal – million pascal mg/l – milligram per liter mm – millimeter mmbtu – million million British thermal unit mmscfd – million million standard cubic feet per day Nm3 – standard cubic meter NOx – nitrogen oxide ppm – part per million psig – pound per square inch gage sec – second t – ton NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAP I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1 A. Offshore Oyong Platform 2 B. Multiphase Pipeline 2 C. Onshore Processing Facility 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 7 A. Physical Environment 7 B. Biological Environment 8 C. Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment 9 IV. ALTERNATIVES 9 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROM ROUTINE CONTROLLED ACTIVITIES 10 A. Physical Environment 10 B. Biological Environment 11 C. Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment 12 D. Risk Analysis 13 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 16 VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION 16 VIII.
  • “Major World Deltas: a Perspective from Space

    “Major World Deltas: a Perspective from Space

    “MAJOR WORLD DELTAS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM SPACE” James M. Coleman Oscar K. Huh Coastal Studies Institute Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………4 Major River Systems and their Subsystem Components……………………..4 Drainage Basin………………………………………………………..7 Alluvial Valley………………………………………………………15 Receiving Basin……………………………………………………..15 Delta Plain…………………………………………………………...22 Deltaic Process-Form Variability: A Brief Summary……………………….29 The Drainage Basin and The Discharge Regime…………………....29 Nearshore Marine Energy Climate And Discharge Effectiveness…..29 River-Mouth Process-Form Variability……………………………..36 DELTA DESCRIPTIONS…………………………………………………………..37 Amu Darya River System………………………………………………...…45 Baram River System………………………………………………………...49 Burdekin River System……………………………………………………...53 Chao Phraya River System……………………………………….…………57 Colville River System………………………………………………….……62 Danube River System…………………………………………………….…66 Dneiper River System………………………………………………….……74 Ebro River System……………………………………………………..……77 Fly River System………………………………………………………...…..79 Ganges-Brahmaputra River System…………………………………………83 Girjalva River System…………………………………………………….…91 Krishna-Godavari River System…………………………………………… 94 Huang He River System………………………………………………..……99 Indus River System…………………………………………………………105 Irrawaddy River System……………………………………………………113 Klang River System……………………………………………………...…117 Lena River System……………………………………………………….…121 MacKenzie River System………………………………………………..…126 Magdelena River System……………………………………………..….…130
  • Husky Receives Madura Strait Production Sharing Contract Extension

    Husky Receives Madura Strait Production Sharing Contract Extension

    News P.O. Box 6525, Station D, 707 Eighth Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3G7 T: (403) 298-6111 F: (403) 298-7464 October 28, 2010 Husky Receives Madura Strait Production Sharing Contract Extension Calgary, Alberta – Husky Energy is pleased to announce it has received approval from the Government of Indonesia for an extension to the existing Madura Strait Production Sharing Contract (PSC), originally awarded in 1982. The Madura Strait PSC includes the Madura BD and MDA fi elds, as well as numerous other prospects and leads. The Madura BD fi eld, which contains natural gas and natural gas liquids, is located in the Madura Strait, off shore East Java, Indonesia. The government approval provides a 20-year extension to the existing production sharing contract which would have expired in 2012. “This production sharing contract extension provides the basis for advancing the Madura BD fi eld towards development,” said John C.S. Lau, President & Chief Executive Offi cer, Asia Pacifi c. “The Madura BD fi eld, together with our other discoveries off shore Indonesia and the South China Sea, represent growth opportunities to build a material oil and gas business in the region.” Many of the requirements to bring the Madura BD fi eld into production are in place. In 2007, Husky signed gas sales agreements with three local companies for the sale of 100 million cubic feet per day of natural gas production. In 2008, Husky reached an agreement with CNOOC to jointly develop the Madura BD fi eld. A Plan of Development for the BD fi eld has been approved by the Indonesian government, and front end engineering and design was completed in the second quarter of 2010.
  • Project Formation Study on Surabaya Toll Ring Road

    Project Formation Study on Surabaya Toll Ring Road

    PROJECT FORMATION STUDY ON SURABAYA TOLL RING ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECT Study Report March 2007 Engineering and Consulting Firms Association, Japan Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. This work was subsidized by Japan Keirin Association through its Promotion funds from KEIRIN RACE. Suramadu Bridge Madura Strait To Gresik N Tanjung Perak Port Surabaya - Gresik Waru(Aloha)-Wonokromo - Tj. Perak Juanda - Tj. Perak (SERR) SIER Surabaya - Mojokerto SS.Waru - Juanda To Mojokerto Juanda Intl. Airport Surabaya - Gempol t i Ceram a Jakarta r Sunda Bekasi S Tangerang Rangkasbitung Purwakarta Bogor n ebo Cianjur r Surabaya Ci Brebes PekalonganPemalang Semarang Pati Bandung Cimahi Purwodadi Madura Garut CiamisJAWA Salatiga Temanggung Purwokerto Madiun Jombang Madura Surait Kebumen Jogjakarta Pasuruan Marang Lumajang Banyuwangi SCALE 1:5,000,000 0 50 100 150 200 250 km 0 1000 2 000 3 000 4 000m 5 000m : in Operation : Under Construction : Negotiation for Signing of : Tender Preparation Consession Agreement LOCATION MAP SURABAYA TOLL RING ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECT Surabaya Toll Ring Road Construction Project Photos (1/2) Pic1. Suramadu Bridge(Perspective) Pic2. Suramadu Bridge Construction Site Pic3. Model for development plan of Suramadu Pic4. New Juanda Airport (Nov. 06 Open) Bridge Approach Area Pic5. Existing Tj. Perak Port March 2007 Surabaya Toll Ring Road Construction Project Photos (2/2) Pic6. Existing Toll Road (Surabaya - Gresik) Pic7. SS.Waru – Juanda Construction Site Pic8. SERR Proposed construction site Pic9. SERR Proposed construction site for Inter
  • A Geomorphic Classification System

    A Geomorphic Classification System

    A Geomorphic Classification System U.S.D.A. Forest Service Geomorphology Working Group Haskins, Donald M.1, Correll, Cynthia S.2, Foster, Richard A.3, Chatoian, John M.4, Fincher, James M.5, Strenger, Steven 6, Keys, James E. Jr.7, Maxwell, James R.8 and King, Thomas 9 February 1998 Version 1.4 1 Forest Geologist, Shasta-Trinity National Forests, Pacific Southwest Region, Redding, CA; 2 Soil Scientist, Range Staff, Washington Office, Prineville, OR; 3 Area Soil Scientist, Chatham Area, Tongass National Forest, Alaska Region, Sitka, AK; 4 Regional Geologist, Pacific Southwest Region, San Francisco, CA; 5 Integrated Resource Inventory Program Manager, Alaska Region, Juneau, AK; 6 Supervisory Soil Scientist, Southwest Region, Albuquerque, NM; 7 Interagency Liaison for Washington Office ECOMAP Group, Southern Region, Atlanta, GA; 8 Water Program Leader, Rocky Mountain Region, Golden, CO; and 9 Geology Program Manager, Washington Office, Washington, DC. A Geomorphic Classification System 1 Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 5 I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 6 History of Classification Efforts in the Forest Service ............................................................... 6 History of Development .............................................................................................................. 7 Goals
  • The Colorado River Damming Impact on the Shrimp Fishery in the Upper

    The Colorado River Damming Impact on the Shrimp Fishery in the Upper

    FRONTERA NORTE VOL. 33, ART. 9, 2021 https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2137 The Colorado River Damming Impact on the Shrimp Fishery in the Upper Gulf of California, Mexico El impacto del represamiento del Río Colorado en la pesquería del camarón en el Alto Golfo de California, México Manuel Salvador Galindo Bect,1 Carlos Israel Vázquez León,2 & David Aguilar Montero3 ABSTRACT The objective oF this work is to demonstrate the relationship among the Colorado River Flows and volumes of shrimp caught in the Upper GulF of CaliFornia (AGC). A correlation analysis was applied to historical series of data about landed shrimp catch, fishing effort and flow from the Colorado River towards the gulf. Dependence, proportionality, and linear relationship indicators were obtained. The main results showed that the interannual captures were lower in periods without water input From the river and higher with the water inputs to the estuary. In addition, the results showed that the contributions of nutrients carried in the river water to the estuary could increase the Carbon Fixation. This study is important because it contributes to the discussion and strengthens the Fact that this river is important in the environmental and fishing dynamics in the AGC. Keywords: 1. Colorado River, 2. Fisheries, 3. shrimp, 4. damming, 5. Upper GulF oF CaliFornia. RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la relación entre los Flujos del Río Colorado y los volúmenes de camarón capturados en el Alto GolFo de CaliFornia (AGC). Se aplicó un análisis de correlación a series históricas de datos de captura del desembarque de camarón, el esfuerzo pesquero y el flujo del Río Colorado hacia el Delta.