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65 Years Wage and Cost in Turkey

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65 Years Wage and Cost in Turkey Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi- Cilt 18, Sayı 1, ICEBSS 2017 Özel Sayı Kastamonu Üniversity Journal of faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences- Volume 18, Issue 1, ICEBSS 2017 Special Issue 65 YEARS WAGE, COST AND FINANCE IN TURKEY1 Faruk DAYI* *Kastamonu University, Corresponding Author, [email protected] Zeynep ARABACI** **Kastamonu University, [email protected] Abstract: While World Health Organization took into account the age limit as 60 years in the 1970s, as today's retirement age is 65 years in industrialized countries. The number of elderly people, which is an important part of social life, is increasing every year. Furthermore, it is necessary to take measures to meet needs of the elderly population. Thus, a part of the needs of the elderly for the social state principle needs to be met by the state. It is taken for a measures that 65 years wage is paid for old people in our country for their life. Purpose of the study, is to compare the 65-year-old pension applied in our country with the similar practices in the world, but also to increase the share of the elderly in social life. In the research conducted, while the number of elderly people 65 years wage was 363.747 in 1977, it increased to 797.426 in 2011. Furthermore, while the 65 year wage was paid 76,47 TL in 2007, it increased to 212,30 TL in 2016. As a result of the work, it is seen that wages increase and care services increase in order to meet the needs of the elderly in our country. Keywords: Wages, Social policy, Cost, Household finance Jel Codes: J30, J10, H51, D14 1. INTRODUCTION Aging is both chronologic and physiological fact. Aging is a process, which starts with insemination and continues lifelong. It is not possible to determine a certain age limit for the beginning of old age. As this shows a change according to society, a certain period of the same society and education level of individuals lived in the same society and economic conditions; it also shows individual differences according to gender, physiological, psychological age (Kalinkara, 2011: 10; Fadiloglu, 2013: 159). While, World Health Organization took in consideration the age of 60 as the old age limit, today as industrial countries accept the age of 65 as the retirement age, the age of 65 is seen as the old age limit (Kalinkara, 2011:10 ). While World Health Organization took into account the age limit as 60 years in the 1970s, as today's retirement age is 65 years in industrialized countries. While the number of people aged 65 and over in the world population was 150 million in 1960, it is 421 million in 2000 and 609 million in 2015 (WB, 2016). In our country, a population projection suitable for the definition of "aged society" is expected in the coming years (Karadakovan, 2010: 113). 90% of elderly people who are the age of 65 and older in our country usually have a chronic disease, 35% have two, 23% have three, 14% have four or more than four chronic disease and it is reported that 85% of aged people constantly use medicines (Solmaz and Akin, 2009: 73; Dudak et al., 2006: 203). Within the scope of health services, service and care facilities for aged 1 Çalışma 10-12 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde Sırbistan / Belgrad’da ikincisi düzenlenen ICEBSS konferansında sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. 11 Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi- Cilt 18, Sayı 1, ICEBSS 2017 Özel Sayı Kastamonu Üniversity Journal of faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences- Volume 18, Issue 1, ICEBSS 2017 Special Issue cannot be adequately presented with planned efforts. In addition to economic and social challenges, physical and mental health problems are prevalent in old age (Ardahan, Arabaci and Limoncu, 2015: 29; Wiles et al., 2012). Therefore, the old age period is a field that requires protection and care and needs to be handled in multiple ways (Egging et al., 2017: 63-64). The aging population in the total population increased the number of young people who lost their lives in the 20th century wars (Seyhun, 2006: 1). Even though the female population is higher than the male population, the birth rate has decreased due to the decrease in the male population and the number of the elderly population for the society has increased. Apart from the economic needs of the elderly, it should also be taken into account that there are psychological and biological health problems (Altan and Sisman, 2003: 3). Thus, the increase in the number of elderly people causes their various needs to increase (Tasci, 2010: 177). This makes a significant contribution to the development of the behavioral economy for the elderly (McConnel, 2013: 83). Although older people do not have as much needs and desires as young people and adults, they have specific needs for their own ages (Dural and Con, 2011: 484). Meeting the needs of the elderly is closely related to socioeconomic status (Lei et al., 2014: 29). From this point of view, it is necessary to make legal arrangements to meet the increasing needs and needs of the elderly population, which is required by the social state principle (Colak and Ozer, 2015: 116). It is given in Table 1 that the number and age distribution of 65 year olds in our country in 2010. Because the following years could not be found. Table 1: Distribution of elders for genders Age Men Women Total 65-69 50.780 83.380 134.160 70-74 75.380 130.100 205.480 75-79 88.905 133.640 222.545 80-84 54.209 114.529 168.738 85-89 22.100 56.904 79.004 90-94 4.145 19.403 23.548 95-99 1.387 9.305 10.692 100 + 404 4.255 4.659 Total 297.310 551.516 848.826 References: SEI, 2011. When the table is examined, it is seen that 35% of old-age pensioners are composed of men and 65% of them are women. The elderly aged 70-79 years are accounted for 46,1% of the total elderly population. The number of elderly people over 70 years constitutes 84,19% of the total elderly population. Therefore, although it is expressed as 12 Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi- Cilt 18, Sayı 1, ICEBSS 2017 Özel Sayı Kastamonu Üniversity Journal of faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences- Volume 18, Issue 1, ICEBSS 2017 Special Issue a 65-year-old pension, the number of those who are 65 years old constitutes a maximum of 15,81% of 65-year pensioners. While the total population of our country was 16.158.000 in 1935, 628.000 of these populations, in other words at the rate of %3,9, consist of the elderly population. When 2014 figures examined, it was seen that while the total number of population was 77.696 thousand, the elderly population was 6.193 thousand in 2014. 8% of the population consisted of aged the year of 2014. It is seen that elderly population increased more than twice in approximately 80 years period between the years 1935- 2014 (TSI, 2015: 7). The number of elderly in population increases both our country and the world each passing day. While the proportion of elderly to total population was 3,5% in our country, the world average was 4,98 in 1960. On the other hand, It is about 3% of GDP in 72 million retires in China (Lu et al., 2014: 83). Considering that data of 2014 of the same rate, it was 8% in our country; the world average was 8,25%. Therefore it is determined that elderly population increase in our country and it comes close to world elderly population average (WB, 2015). The number of elderly people in the population is increasing day by day both in our country and in the world. The ratio of the elderly population to the total population in our country in 1960 is 3,5%, while the world average is 4,98%. When we look at the same ratio in the year 2014, it is 8% in our country and around 8,25% in the world average. It is therefore recognized that the elderly population in our country is increasing and approaching the average of the elderly population in the world. 2. 65 YEARS WAGE According to Social State Principle, our state put ages 65 or older who don’t have revenue and aged who deprive of caretaker in the place they live on salary called "65 years wage". 65 years wage is a service offered by the state to citizens, as long as they live, it pays (Camkurt, 2014: 80). Old persons who have conditions of 65 years wage have to apply for Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation of place where they reside according to the central registration system. According to regulation, old people who want to make wage application about The Wage Connection to Needy, Weak and Lonely Turkish Citizens and Disabled and Needy Turkish Citizens who filled 65 age, whatever the name, based on all kind of total revenues, people whose average wage income per person in household less than 1/3 the net wage amount of the minimum wage for adults over the age of 16 and people who is not possible to provide much income have to carry needy condition in implementation of the law no 2022 (Law, 1976). According to related regulation, aged who applies to 65 years wage have to apply by rights defined at below.
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