.+ Environment Canada Environnement Canada Fisheries Service des peches .•• . ')ervice et des sciences de la mer
A Preliminary Overview on the Impact of Outdoor Recreational Activity in Northwestern British Columbia: The Stewart-Cassiar Area
by William D. Masse
Technical Report Series No. PAC/ T -75-12 NOB/ECON 8-75
Northern Operations Branch Pacific Region f-
J I I I i
A PRELIMINARY OVERVIEW ON THE IMPACT
OF OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY IN NORTHWESTERN
BRITISH COLUMBIA: THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA
by
William D. Masse
October, 1975 -, ,-
I?OREWORD
This paper reports on the 'first of two studies which the Economics and Sociological Unit of the 'Northern Operations Branch, Fisher ies and Marine Service, has carried out in the Stewart-Cassiar area of northwestern pritish Columbia. These studies are designed to identify the economic and social consequences of increased tourist activity on the fisheries resourceS of the area. Since relatively little is known about
~I the area's resource base, it is expected that this study will be of considerable help to fisheries managers and to others who are responsible for the province's resources.
The area north of Terrace in northwestern British Columbia is a relatively isolated and remote portion of the province. This made it both difficult and very expensive to gather accurate information on the activities of the area. In fact, very little meaningful information could have been gathered if we had not received excellent cooperation from a number of different groups and agencies located in northern British Columbia. The Economics and Sociological Unit of the Northern Operations Branch is grateful for this assistance. We are particularly indebted to Kitimat-Stikine- Regional District for helping us to carry out our surveys. They provided both financial and technical assistance which contributed greatly to the success of our investigations. Mr. Pousette, Administrator Treasurer of the Kitimat-Stikine Regional District, was particularly helpful. His warm and willing cooperation is greatly appreciated.
Mr. Masse, in his conclusions, emphasized the need for planned development which would protect the recreational resources of the area. It is hoped that this report will contribute to this goal.
William F. Sinclair Chief of Economics and Sociology Northern Operations Branch Fisheries and Marine Service (ii)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The many who assisted in the preparation of this report are gratefully acknowledged. Brian Lewis carried out the field surveys. Rob Morley assembled the data into presentable form and provided valuable comment during the report's preparation.
I am also indebted to Sharon Evans who typed the many drafts i . I of this report. Her patience and good nature are greatly appreciated. Ljuba Pavlovic carefully edited the final drafts. Konrad Johansen prepared the map contained in the report.
I am particularly indebted to William F. Sinclair. His advice and valuable criticism throughout all stages of this report's preparation were indispensable.
All errors and omissions remain my responsibility.
William D. Masse Research Economist Northern Operations Branch October, 1975 (iii )
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 1
1 Background 4
2 Resident Recreational Activity 6
3 Non-Resident Recreational Activity 20
4 Implications of Recreational Activity on Existing 56 Resources and Future Development
Conclusions and Recommendations 60
Appendix I 63
Appendix II 69
Appendix I II 72
Appendix IV 74
Bibliography 79 ,- (iv)
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Percent Distribution of Resident Recreational 7 Parties According to Place of Residence - Summer 1974
Table 2 Distribution of Resident Parties in the Stewart 8 Cassiar Area by Party Composition - Summer 1974
Table 3 Percent Distribution of Resident Recreationists 10 According to Age Category - Summer 1974
Table 4 Total Population of Stewart According to Age 11 Category - 1971
Table 5 Percent Distribution of Resident Parties Accord 12 ing to Occupation of the Household Head - Summer 1974
Table 6 Percent Distribution of Resident Parties in the 13 Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Gross Total Annual Household Income - Summer 1974
Table 7 Percent Distribution of Resident Parties Accord 15 ing to Whether They Were Fishing Parties or Non Fishing Parties - Summer 1974
'rable 8 Distribution of Resident Parties in the Stewart 16 Cassiar Area According to Whether They Would Have Made the Trip If No Fishing Was Available - Summer 1974
Table 9 Distribution of Resident Fishing Parties Accord 17 ing to the Species They Most Prefer to Catch - Summer 1974
Table 10 Percentage of Time That Resident Recreationists 18 Spent in Each Recreational Activity - Summer 1974
Table 11 Dis tri bution of Non-Res ident Part ies and Party 21 Days Spent in the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 12 Percent Di.stribution of Yellowhead Resident 22 Parties Visiting the Stewart-Cassiar Area by Place of Residence - Summer 1974 (v)
Table 13 Percent Distribution of Canadian Non-Resident 23 Parties Visiting the stewart-Cassiar Area According to Place of Residence - Summer 1974
Table 14 Percent Distribution of Non-Northwest British 24 Columbian Parties Visiting the Stewart-Cassiar Area by Place of Residence - Summer 1974
Table 15 Percent Distribution of Non-Canadian Parties 25 Visiting the Stewart-Cassiar Area by Place of Residence - Summer 1974
Table 16 Distribution of Non-Resident Parties According 27 to Party Type and Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 17 Average Party Size of Non-Resident Parties 28 Surveyed in the Stewart-Cassiar Area - Summer 1974
Table 18 Male to Female Ratio of Non-Resident Recrea 29 tionists in the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Res ide.r:ice Category - Summer 1974
Table 19 Percentage Distribution of Non-Resident Rec 30 reationists in the Stewart-Cassiar Area Accord ing to Age and Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 20 Non-Resident Parties in the Stewart-Cassiar 32 Area According to the Occupation of the House hold Head and Residence Category -Summer 1974
Table 21 Percentage Distribution of Non-Resident Parties 33 in the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Gross Total Bousehold Income and Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 22 Number of Party Days Spent in the Stewart-Cassiar 35 Area by Non-Resident Recreationists and Their Total and Average Daily Expenditures According to Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 23 Expenditures of Non-Resident Parties Attributable 36 to Fishing in the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 24 Present Value of Future Streams of Tourist 39 Revenues in.the Stewart-Cassiar Area Calculated at Selected Growth Rates and Discounted at 9 Percent ,- (vi)
Table 25 Present Value of' Future Streams of Revenues 40 Attributable to Non-Resident Sport Fishing in the Stewart-Cassiar Area Calculated at Selected Growth Rates and Discounted at 9 Percent
Table 26 Distribution of Non-Resident Parties in the 41 Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Mode of' Travel - Summer 1974
Table 27 Non-Resident Parties in the Stewart-Cassiar 43 Area According to Main Reason for Visiting the Area - Summer 1974
Table 28 Average Length of' Stay of Non-Resident Parties 44 in the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Resi dence Category - Summer 1974
Table 29 Distribution of Sport Fish Parties Interviewed 45 in the Yellowhead Region Who Travelled or Planned to Travel in the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Their Destination and Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 30 Inf'luence of' Fishing on the Decision of' Non 47 Residents to Make the Trip to the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 31 Percentage of' Parties Who Had Fished or Pianned 48 to Fish on Their Trip to the Stewart-Cassiar Area - Summer 1974
Table 32 Distribution of Non-Resident Fishing Parties 49 According to Preferred Species and Place of Residence - Summer 1974
Table 33 Percent Distribution of Time Spent by Visiting 51 Recreationists According to Activities Partici pated in and Residence Category - Summer 1974
Table 34 Percent Distribution of' Non-Resident Parties in 53 the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to the Features and Amenities That They Found Most Enjoyable and Residence Category - Summer 1974
'ruble 35 Distribution of Total Visitor Hours Spent By 57 Non-Resident Recreationists According to the Activities in Which They Participated - Summer 1974 ,- (vii )
Table A.1 Number of Parties lnterviewed and Percent Sample 65 Size According to Residence Category
Table A.2 Distribution of Recreational Parties Interviewed 66 in the Stewart-Cassiar Area According to Resi dence Category and Type of Interview Location
Table A.3 Counts of Recreational and Commercial Vehicles 68 on Sections of the Stewart-Cassiar Highway and Access Roads for Random Dates and Times in 1974
'l'able A. 4 Total Party Visits and Party Days in the Stewart 76 Cassiar Area by Canadian Non-Residents and Non Canadians
Table A.5 Total Party Visits and Party Days in the Stewart 77 Cassiar Area by Yellowhead Residents
Table A.6 Non-Resident Expenditures Attributable to 78 Fishing in 1974 According to Residence Category Introduction
This paper provides an overview of outdoor recreational 1 activity in the Stewart-Cassiar area. It outlines the effects that recre ational activity is likely to have on the natural resources of the area and speculates on the importance of the area's recreational amenities to future development in northwestern British Columbia.
Before proceeding, however, there are certain terms which must be defined for the purposes of this report. Residents are people who were identified as living in the Stewart-Cassiar area during the summer of 1974. A resident might live in Stewart, Cassiar, Dease Lake, Telegraph Creek, one of the communities in the Lower Nass Valley, or in any of the permament camps sprinkled throughout the area. Yellow head residents are defined as anyone living in the general area near Highway 16 West. Major centres in the area include Terrace, Kitimat, Hazelton, Smithers, Houston, Burns Lake and Vanderhoof. There is also a sizeable rural population in the area. Prince George and Prince Rupert residents are not defined as Yellowhead residents. Canadian non-residents live in Canada outside the Yellowhead and Stewart-Cassiar areas. A subset of this group is defined in the report as non northwest British Columbians. They live in British Columbia outside the Yellowhead and Stewart-Cassiar areas. Non-Canadians live outside Canada. The term non-residents is a general term that refers to all
1 For the purposes of this report, the Stewart-Cassiar area is the general area close to the Stewart-Cassiar Highway (see Map 1). It does not include Kitwanga, Watson Lake or any of the communities along the Yellowhead Highway. The information presented in this report is based on a research program initiated during the summer of 1974 by the Economics and Soci ology Unit of the Fisheries Marine Service, Northern Operations Branch. The program consisted of a series of surveys conducted in northern British Columbia during that year. A detailed discussion of the surveys nnd the research methods is contained in Appendix I. - 2 -
To Whitehon~ ...... Watson Lake Yukon ...... ~ Area- B.C. .._- of ---rr.,,/ \ To Concern stewart-Cassiar Highway~.' Dowson ~ ,I' 1 I Creek , \ ·f Cosslar /' . - ...,;i ' I I I I I I I I / 1 I 1 1/ 1 I \ Telegraph ( \\ Creek
Legend \ C/) (.. ---Highway
Kltwonga Access Road Hazelton , K- \ Itwonqo ,Smithers " V~~Jt~)0: Houston \...... 0(/ Itw ,-'!:..1!6 ) To Prince George
o 50 100 ----,.- - --- Scale--- (MI.)
MAP I - Stewart -Cassiar: Area of Concern. ,-
- 3 -
those who do not live in the Stewart-Cassiar area. The non-resident category includes Yellowhead residents, Canadian non-residents, and non Canadians. A party is defined as a group of people travelling for rec reational purposes in one vehicle. A party da~ is defined as a day or any reasonable part of a day spent by a party in the Stewart-Cassiar area. A sport fisherman is anyone who had participated or planned to participate in the sport fishery of the Stewart-Cassiar area. A sport fishing party is defined to be a party containing at least one sport fisherman.
The report is divided into four sections. Section 1 provides background for the study. It indicates the reason why attention has been focussed on the Stewart-Cassiar area and on recreational activity in the Stewart-Cassiar area. Section 2 outlines the activities of resi dent recreationists. A similar outline of non-resident recreational activity is presented in Section 3. Section 4 discusses some of the implications of growth in recreational activity on the natural resources of the Stewart-Cassiar area. ,-
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1. Oackground
In 1971, the study area contained a population of approxi mately 5,000. In the past, its population has been very unstable. The town of Stewart, for instance, which is the largest centre in the study area, came into existence at the turn of the century when the Klondike gold rush was at its peak. By 1910 Stewart boasted a popula tion of 5,000 and its plans for the future included a railroad lirik with Edmonton. By 1914, however, after financial problems with the railroad, a mining depression, and the outbreak of war, the population had fallen to 17. By 1934 the population had risen to 2,500 but it fell to 200 by 1939 when the Second World War began. The population grew slowly after the war until the Granduc mining operations started 2 in 1964 and Stewart's population rose to 1,357 in 1971. Lay-offs in the Granduc mine during 1975 have resulted in another decline in Stewart's population.
Until recently, economic activity in the area was confined to mining and prospecting, forestry, guiding and trapping. Tourist activity was confined to sportsmen who flew into the area in search of quality hunting and fishing. Development of full potential in these industries was hampered by transportation costs. However, access into the area has been greatly improved in recent years. New roads link the area with Terrace and Hazelton to the south and Watson Lake to the north; the British Columbia Railway has begun construction of a rail extension connecting Fort St. James with Dease Lake; the CNR is planning to construct a new line north of Terrace. This improved access should help to make expansion of mining and logging' operations viable by reducing transporta tion costs.- It should attract tourists to the area, thus adding to its
2 HIstoricnl population fig'ures for Stewart are quoted from Clifford \i'enner, "The Town of Stewart, A Dream Come True", B.C. Motorist, .January-February, 1972, and 1.971 population figures for Stewart and the Stewart-Cassiar area are taken from Statistics Canada 1971 Census. ,-
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economic base. 1 t wi 11 ulso increase recreational opportunities for residents of tho area.
Despite these improvements, access into the area is still limited when compared to other areas in British Columbia. The highway from Stewart to Watson Lake is a gravel road not quite comparable to the Alaska Highway and the roads connecting Stewart with Terrace and Hazelton are restricted logging roads. A lack of service facilities and retail outlets also makes travel difficult. Travellers must be careful to have a sufficient supply of gasoline and perhaps extra tires jbefore entering the area. Campsites and picnic sites are provided but they are poorly serviced in comparison with campsites and picnic sites in more populated areas of British Columbia. Many campsites and picnic sites in the area consist merely of wide spots in the road near a creek or stream. Nonetheless, recreational activity in the area has grown with improved access and any further upgrading of road access is likely to lead to further increases in recreational activity.
Development appears to be continuing, as it has in the past, without sufficient planning or knowledge of what effect it might have on the resources of the area. A bridge is being constructed across the Skeena River at Kitwanga and plans to upgrade the access. roads are being considered. Service facilities and retail outlets are also being constructed in the area. These developments will inevitably alter the economic, social and physical environment. Steps should be taken to ensure that these alterations are consistent with the needs of British Columbians. 1-
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2. Resident Recreational Activity
This section examines the outdoor recreational activities of residents of the Stewart-Cassiar area during 1974. Information is pre sented in this section on the socio-economic backgrounds of resident· recreationists, their use patterns, and their attitudes. Some specula tion is made on the importance of outdoor recreation to present and future residents of the area. j I' ! Residents of the Stewart-Cassiar area enjoy direct economic benefits from their use of recreational amenities. Even industry, often in direct conflict with the interests of recreationists, derives benefits when resources are made available for recreation. Industrial operations located in remote regions suffer from high labour turn over. Recent research has indicated that the availability of outdoor recreational opportunities contributes to the stability of the popula tion and labour force in remote regions by making the area a more 3 attractive place to live. Rational planning of resource use in the
area requires that these benefits be recognized~ Some understanding of the importance of outdoor recreation to residents of the area can be gained from an examination of the attitudes and use patterns of resident recreatlonists.
Table 1. shows the percent distribution of resident recrea tional parties according to place of residence. According to the infor mation presented in this table, 66.7 percent of the resident recreational parties came from Stewart. This is not surprising because Stewart is the largest centre in the area.
Table 2 presents a breakdown of resident recreational parties according to party composition. The information presented in this
3 William F. Sinclair, The Socio-Economic Importance of Maintaining the Quality of Recreational Resources in Northern British Columbia: The Case of Lakelse Lake, Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Northern Operations Branch, Pacific Region, June 1974, PAC/'l'-74-10, NOB/ECON 5-74. , -1 - 7 -
TABLE 1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENT RECREATIONAL PARTIES ACCORDING TO PLACE OF RESIDENCE - SUMMER 1974
Percentage
Stewart 66.7
Meziadin Lake 14.8
Nass Camp 11.1
Cranberry River 3.7
Cassiar 3.7
TOTAL 100.0 - 8 -
TABLE 2
DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENT PARTIES IN THE STEWAR'l'-CASSIAR AREA BY PARTY COMPOSITION - SUMMER 1974
Percentage
Couples (1 or more couples travelling together with no children) 33.3
Families (2 or more adults and children under 20) 44.4
All Male Parties (1 or more males, no females) 11.1
All Female Parti.es (1 or more females, no males) 3.7
Male and Female Adults (not apparently couples, no children) 7.4
TOTAL 100.0 --- - 9 -
table suggests that outdoor recreation is important to ~amilies living in the Stewart-Cassiar area. Over 44 percent of the resident recre ational parties were family groups with children.
Tables 3 and 4 provide information on the age of resident recreationists and the age of the Stewart population. Table 3 presents a breakdown of resident recreationists according to age category. Table 4 presents a breakdown of Stewart's population according to age category. According to Table 3 resident recreationists tend to fall into the younger age categories. Table 3 shows that none of the resi dent recreationists interviewed were over 60 years of age. Almost 53 percent of the resident recreationists were in either the 20 to 29 or 30 to 39 age groups, and 39 percent were under the age of 19. None theless, the information presented in Table 3 is fairly consistent with the brealtdown of Stewart's population shown in Table 4:. According to Table 4 almost 90 percent of Stewart's population is under the age of 44. The information presented in these two tables suggests that a cross section of Stewart's resident population parti~ipates in outdoor recreation. It is suspected that the breakdown of Stewart's population according to age would be roughly comparable with that of the Stewart Cassiar area as a whole.
Table 5 shows the percent distribution of resident parties according to the occupation of the household head. According to this table, 63 percent of the household heads of resident parties were employed in the technical or trades category and almost 15 percent were employed as labourers. Considering the composition of industrial activities centered in the Stewart-Cassiar area, this breakdown would probably be consistent with the general population.
Table 6 provides a breakdown of resident recreational parties according to gross total annual household income in 1974. The average annual household income of resident recreationists calculated from this - 10 -
'fABLE 3
PERCEN'f'- DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENT HECHEATIONIS'fS ACCORDING TO AGE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Resident Age Category Recreationists %
0-9 25.3
10 - 19 13.7
20 - 29 29.5
30 - 39 23.2
40 - 49 6.3
50 - 59 2.1
60 - 69
70 and Over
TOTAL' 100.0 - 11 -
TABLE 4
TOTAL -POPULATION OF STEWAR'l' ACCORDING TO AGE CATEGORY - 1971
Age Category No. Percentage
0-4 155 11.7
5 - 14 300 22.6
15 - 24 240 18.0
25 - 34 305 22.9
35 - 44 195 14.7
45 - 54 85 6.4
55 - 64 30 2.3
65 and Over 20 1.5
'rOTAL 1,330 100.0
Source: Statistics Canada 1971 Census. ,-
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TABLE 5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENT PARTIES ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD HEAD - SUMMER 1974
Resident Recreational Occupation Parties %
Executive
Managerial 7.4
Professional 7.4
Technical or Trades 63.0
Clerical or Sales
Labourer 14.8
Self-Employed 3.7
Retired
Student
Unemployed
Other 3.7
No Response
TOTAL 100.0 ,-
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TABLE 6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENT PARTIES IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO GROSS TOTAL ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME - SUMMER 1974
Income Category Percentage
Under $5,999 14.8
$6,000 - $9,999
$10,000 - $14,999 25.9
$15,000 - $19,999 22.2
$20,000 - $24,999 18.5
$25,000 and Over 14.8
No Response 3.7
'roTAL 100.0
Average Household Income for Resident ,Recreationists = $16,962 ,-
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inJ'ormation was found to be about $17,000. This compares fairly closely to an estimate of average gross total incomes of Stewart households 4 which was found to be approximately $16,000 per year. Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6 together suggest that residents of the Stewart-Cassiar area par- ticipate in outdoor recreation regardless of age, occupation or income.
Tables 7 and 8 give some indication of the importance of sport fishing to resident recreationists. Table 7 provides a breakdown of resident recreational parties according to whether they were fishing parties or non-fishing parties. According to this table almost 89 per cent of all resident recreational parties had fished or planned to fish on their trip.
Table 8 shows the influence of fishing on the decision of resident parties to make their recreational trip. The table shows that 11.1 percent of resident recreationists would not have made the trip while 81.5 percent would have made their trip had no fishing been avail able.
Table 9 presents the distribution of resident fishing parties according to the species that they most prefer to catch. According to this table the largest portion of resident sport fishermen prefer to catch trout. This is probably influenced, however, by the fact that most of the interviews were carried out during the summer when salmon fishing was not available. Considerable interest in salmon fishing was expressed by those fishermen who were interviewed in the late summer and early fall.
Table 10 shows the percentage of recreational hours that resident rocreationists spent at each recreational activity during 1974. According to this table, resident recreationistsspent almost 11 percent
4 Estimated average income for Stewart households is calculated from 1971 Census data and adjusted according to the average increase in wages and salaries 1971 through 1974 reported .in British Columbia Summary of Economic ~ctivity 1974, Department of Economic Development, Victoria, December 1974. - 15 -
TABLE 7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENT PARTIES ACCORDING TO WHETHER THEY WERE FISHING PARTIES OR NON-FISHING PARTIES - SUMMER 1974
Percentage
Fishing Parties 88.9
Non-Fishing Parties 11.1
TOTAL 100.0 ,-
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TABLE 8
DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENT PARTIES IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO WHETHER THEY WOULD HAVE MADE
THE TRIP Il~ NO FISHING WAS AVAILABLE - SUMMER 1974
Trip Decision Percentage
Would Still Make the Trip if No 81. 5 Fishing was Available
Would Not Make the Trip if No 11.1 Fishing was Available
No Response 7.4
TOTAL 100.0 - 17 -
TABLE 9
DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENT FISHING PARTIES ACCORDING TO THE SPECIES THEY MOST PREFER TO CATCH - SUMMER 1974
Species Percentage
Salmon 8.3
Trout 79.2
Char (Dolly Varden) 4.2
Steelhead
Grayling
Other
No Preference 8.3
TOTAL 100.0 -,
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TABLE 10
PERCENTAGE OF TIME1 THAT RESIDENT RECREATIONISTS SPENT IN EACH RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY - SUMMER 1974
Acti vi ties Residents %
Fishing .33.9
Swimming 10.9
Hunting
Boating 2.6
Canoeing 2.0
Photography 9.0
Picnicking 5.9
Outdoor Sports 0.9
Walking for Pleasure 0.3
Hiking wi th Pack
Driving 30.3
Nature Study 4.2
Motorcycling
Rock Hunting
TOTAL 100.0
1 Recreational time is based on a 15 hour recreational day. - 19 -
of their recreational time swimming during 1974. However, it also shows that during that year resident recreationists spent almost 34 per cent of their time in the outdoors fishing.
Summary
In this section it was shown that residents participate in outdoor recreation regardless of age, occupation, and income. It was also indicated that outdoor recreation is important to families living in the area. Over 44 percent of the resident parties were family groups. Fishing was found to be an important recreational amenity. Almost 90 percent of the resident parties interviewed were fishing and 11 percent said they would not have made the trip if fishing was not available. Although residents interviewed in the field surveys spent a significant portion of their leisure time swimming during 1974, the greatest portion of their time was spent sport fishing. Resident recreational parties spent nearly 34 percent of their time fishing.
Information gathered in the field surveys indicates that maintenance of recreational opportunities in the area is not a press ing concern at the present time. This vast area, rich in untouched resources, adequately meets the recreational needs of its very small population. However, population and industrial activity in the area will likely grow as a result of improved access. This means that rec reational demands will increase. The value of outdoor recreation as a resource use alternative appears deceptively low if it is not con sidered in the context of future growth in the area. The goal should be
~o provide sufficient resources for the recreational needs of both present and future residents of the area. - 20 -
3. Non-Hesident Hecreational Activity
Section 2 outlined the activities of resident recreationists in the Stewart-Cassiar area. It identified their socio-economic back grounds and described some of their use patterns. Some comments were made on the importance of maintaining outdoor recreational amenities for residents. The purpose of this section is to present an overview of non-resident recreational activity in the Stewart-Cassiar area. Information presented in this section identifies_the origin and the socio-economic background of non-resident recreationists visiting the area. Information is also presented on their expenditures and on the amenities that attract them to the area. This section will give some indication of the importance of non-resident recreation to the future tourist potential of the Stewart-Cassiar area.
Table 11 provides a breakdown of the number of non-resident parties and party days spent in the Stewart-Cassiar area according to residence category during 1974. Table 11 shows that 5,721 non-resident parties spent a total of 21,659 party days in the Stewart-Cassiar area during that year. '1'his information also shows that Yellowhead resi dents were by far the largest proportion of visitors to the area. They accounted for 58.8 percent of the non-resident party visits and 58.9 percent of the non-resident party days in the area during that year. Canadian non-residents spent about 30 percent of the party days in the area. Non-Canadians who did not stay as long, accounted for just over 12 percent of the non-resident party visits and only 9 percent of the non-resident party days.
Tables 12, 13, 14, and 15 provide a detailed breakdown of the permanent place of residence of visitors to the area. Table 12 provides n brenkdownof Ycllowhead resident parties according to place of resi donee. According to this table over 50 percent of the Yellowhead resi dents cnme from Terrace and Ki.timat; and over 30 percent came from -.
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TABLE 11.
DISTRIBUTION OF NON-RESIDENT PARTIES AND. PARTY DAYS SPENT IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Residence Category Parties Party Days No. % No. %
Yellowhead Residents 3,364 58.8 12,750 58.9
Canadian Non-Residents 1,653 28.9 6,952 32.1
Non-Canadians '704 12.3 1,957 9.0
TO'l'AL 5,721 100.0 21,659 100.0 - 22 -
TABLE 12
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF YELLOWHEAD RESIDENT PARTIES VISITING THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE - SUMMER 1974
I Place of Residence Percentage
Burns Lake 2.5
Houston 5.0
Telkwa 10.0
Smithers 22.5
Hazelton 2.5
Kitwanga 5.0
Terrace 32.5
Kitimat 20.0
TOTAL 100.0 - 23 -
TABLE 13
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF CANADIAN NON-RESIDENT PARTIES VISITING THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO PLACE OF RESIDENCE - SUMMER 1974
Place of Residence Percentage
Non-Northwest British Columbia 75.8
Yukon Territory 3.0
Alberta 9.1
Ontario 7.6
Quebec 4.5
TarA!' 100.0 ,- - 24 -
TABLE 14
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF NON-NORTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIAN PARTIES VISITING THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE - SUMMER 1974
Place of Residence Percentage
Vancouver, Victoria and Lower Fraser Valley 46.0
Caribou and Central Interior 22.0
Peace Hiver and Northeastern British Columbia 18.0
Vancouver Island 2.0
Prince Rupert 12.0
TOTAL 100.0 - 25 - .-
TABLI'~ 15
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF NON-CANADIAN PARTIES VISITING THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE - SUMMER 1974
Place of Residence Percentage
Alaska 19.0 California 9.5 Washington 19.0 Oregon 4.8 Utah 9.5 Indiana 2.4 Michigan 2.4 Ohio 2.4 Missouri 2.4 Minnesota 7.1 Kansas 2.4 Nebraska 2.4 Oklahoma 2.4 Florida 4.8 Connect icu t 2.4 Maryland 2.4 Massachusetts 2.4 Netherlands 2.4
TOTAL 100.0 I I - 26 - I I ! Smithers and Telkwn. The southern part of the Stewart-Cassiar area is close enough to Lhese centres to permit short day trips to places like Kitsumkalum Lake or Kitwanga River.
Tables 13 and 14 together provide a detailed breakdown of Canadian non-resident parties by place of residence. Table 13 shows the distribution of Canadian non-resident parties according to place of residence and Table 14 shows a similar breakdown for non-northwest British Columbian parties. Table 13 shows that non-northwest British Columbians made up almost 76 percent of all Canadian non-resident pal·ties. Table 14 shows that the largest proportion of non-northwest British Columbian parties came from Vancouver, Victoria and the Lower Fraser Valley. Forty-six percent of the non-northwest British Columbian parties came from this southern area of British Columbia.
Table 15 shows the distribution of non-Canadian parties according to place of residence. Nearly 98 percent of non-Canadian parties came from the United States. This table shows that parties came from seventeen different states. The largest proportion were from the western states of Alaska, California, Washington, Oregon and Utah.
Tables 16, 1"1, 18 and 19 present information on the composi tion of non-resident parties. Table 16 shows the distribution of non resident parties according to party type and residence category. This table shows that over 52 percent of the non-Canadian parties were adult couples with no children. Only 28.6 percent of non-Canadian parties travelled as a family group. This contrasts sharply with Yellowhead I resident parties of which 55 percent travelled as family groups. Only 17.5 percent of the Yellowhead resident parties were comprised of couples with no children.
Table 17 shows the average party size of visiting recreation ists according' to residence category. According to this table Yellow head resident parties were the largest and non-Canadian parties were TABLE 16
DISTRIBD~ION OF NON-RESIDENT PARTIES ACCORDING TO
PARTY TYPE AND RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SD~ll[ER 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Residents Non-Residents Non-Canadians Aggregate ct % % % /0
Couples (lor more couples travelling together with no children) 17.5 33.3 52.4 26.4
Families (2 or more adults and N o..l children under 20) 55.0 42.4 28.6 48.1
All Male Parties (1 or more males, no females) 17.5 21.2 16.7 18.5
All Female Parties (lor more females, no males) 3.0 2.4 1.2
Male and Female Adults (not apparently couples, no children) 10.0 5.9 ------TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ------
- - 28 -
TABLE 17
AVERAGE PARTY SIZE OF NON-RESIDENT PARTIES SURVEYED IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA - SUMMER 1974
Residence Category Average Party Size
Yellowhead Residents 3.77
Canadian Non-Residents 2.96
Non-Canadians 2.62
Aggregate 3.39 ~1 - 29 - t I i
TABLE 18
MALE TO FEMALE RATIO OF NON-RESIDENT RECREATIONISTS IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Ratio: Residence Category Male to Female
Yellowhead Residents 1.3: 1
Canadian Non-Resi.dents 1.4: 1
Non-Canadians 1.1: 1
Aggregate 1.3: 1 I. f I - 30 - I
TABLE 19
PERCENTAGE DISTHIBUTION OF' NON··RESIDENT RECHEATIONISTS IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO AGE AND RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Age Category Residents Non-Residents- Non-Canadians ~ggregate % % % %
o - 9 18.0 11.8 11.8 15.8
10 - 19 24.1 20.5 16.4 22.5
20 - 29 22.0 18.5 19.1 20.8
30 - 39 16.7 20.9 13. "1 17.5
40 - 49 8.8 9.8 8.4 9.0
50 - 59 6.6 10.1 9.9 7.8
60 - 69 2.9 7.7 19.8 5.7
70 and Over 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 31 -
the smallest. This information is consistent with information pre sented in Table 16 showing the large proportion of couples among non Canadian parties.
The male to female ratlo of visiting recreationists is pre sented in Table 18 according to residence category. '1'his table shows that males outnumbered females by approximately 30 percent. It also shows, however, that the male to female ratio among non-Canadians was almos t 1 to 1.
Table 19 shows the percentage distribution of non-resident recreationists according to age and residence category. This table shows that Yellowhead and Canadian non-resident visitors tended to be younger than their non-Canadian counterparts. Over 96 percent of the Yellowhead residents were under the age of 59 and almost 92 percent of the Canadian non-residents were under that age. Just over 79 percent of the non-Canadians visiting the area were under 59 years of age. The table also shows that about 42 percent of the Yellowhead residents were children under 19 years of age whereas only about 28 percent of the non Canadians were under that age.
Tables 20 and 21 provide information on the socio-economic background of non-resident parties visiting the Stewart-Cassiar area. Table 20 shows the distribution of non-resident parties according to the occupation of the household head and residence category. This table shows that over 26 percent of the non-Canadian parties were headed by a retired person. This compares with 5 percent and just under 8 percent for Yellowhead resident parties and Canadian non resident parties respectively. The table also shows that a larger pro portion of the household heads of non-Canadian parties were profes sionals than were their Canadian counterparts. The largest proportion or the household hends of the Canadian groups were employed in the technicnl and trades category. This is particularly true of Yellowhead parties, 47.5 percent of whom were employed as technicians or tradesmen. .~ . .L _ ~
TABLE 20
NON-RESIDENT PARTIES IN THE STIDVART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO
THE OC0JPATION OF THE HOUSEHOLD HEAD JL~ RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SU~ffiR 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Occupation Residents Non-Residents Non-Canadians Aggregate OJ C' % ,0 % Ie
Executive 2.5 1.5 Managerial 15.0 4.5 2.4 10.4 Professional 10.0 21.2 26.2 15.2 w Technical or Trades 47.5 37.9 9.5 40.0 ~ Clerical or Sales 2.5 10.6 4.5 Labourer 5.0 6.1 7.1 5.6 Self-Employed 7.5 1.5 16.7 6.9 Retired 5.0 7.6 26.2 8.4 Student 2.5 6.1 4.8 3.8 Unemployed 2.5 1.5 Other 4.8 0.6 No Response 4.5 2.4 1.6
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 --- I - 33 - i
TABLE 21
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBU'l'ION OF NON-RESIDEN1' PAR'l'IES IN THE STEWART-CASS IAR AREA ACCORDING TO GROSS 'rOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Income Category Residents Non-Residents Non-Canadians Aggregate ~ % % %
Under $5,999 7.7 12.5 20.0 10.6
$6,000 - $9,999 5.1 7.8 15.0 7.1
$10,000 - $14,999 41.0 28.1 35.0 36.5
$15,000 - $19,999 41.0 43.8 10.0 38.0
$20,000 - $24,999 2.6 6.3 12.5 4.9
$25,000 and Over 2.6 1.6 7.5 2.9
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 34 -
Table 21 shows the distribution of non-resident parties according to gross total annual household income and residence category. This table shows that a high proportion of the Yellowhead resident parties and Canadian non-resident parties had annual household incomes of between $10,000 and $19,999. The relatively high proportion of non-Canadians in the lower range, below $10,000, is consistent with the information presented in Table 20 showing the high proportion of retired people among the non-Canadians.
Tables 22 and 23 present information on the expenditures of non-residents visiting the Stewart-Cassiar area. Table 22 shows the number of party days spent by visiting recreationists and their total and average daily expenditures in 1974. According to this table, non resident recreatlonists spent $555,348 in the area during that year. Non-Canadians spent slightly more per party day ($29.19) than Yellow- 5 head residents ($25.00) and Canadian non-residents ($25.82).
An appreciation of the importance of sport fish stocks can be gained from Table 23. 'This table shows the expenditures of non-res idents in 1974 that can be directly attributed to sport fish opportunities.
It shows that $239,470 of tourist revenues were directly attributable to fishing during that year. This amount is about 23 percent of all non-resident recreational expenditures.
Only a small portion of tourist revenues, or indeed revenues from any of the resource base activities centered in the Stewart-Cassiar area would contribute to the income of residents. Proprietors of retail outlets such as gasoline stations, grocery stores and r'estaurants ship all their stock into the region. Even the labour force, particularly that employed in extractive operations, is largely transient and cannot be
5 Visiting recrentionists were also asked to estimate what they would spend travelling in other areas of British Columbia where more service faci Uti.es were available. It was found that the average daily expendi tures of non-residents would be $31.79 or about 24 percent higher. This gi.ves some indication of future potential in the tourist industry. ,- - 35 -
TABLE 22
NUMllER OF PARTY DAYS SPENT IN THE STEWAR'r-CASSIAR AREA BY NON-RESIDENT RECREATIONISTS AND THEIR TOTAL AND AVERAGE DAILY EXPENDITURES ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Average Total Recreational Party Expenditure Expenditures by Residence Category Days Per Party Day Non-Residents ! $
Yellowhead Residents 12,750 25.00 318,750
Canadian Non-Residents 6,952 25.82 179,473
Non-Canadians 1,957 29.19 57,125
TOTAL 21,659 25.64 555,348 \' l I - 36 - I I
TABLE 23
EXPENDITURES OF NON-RESIDENT PARTIES 1 ATTRIBUTABLE TO FISHING IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Total Expenditures Residence Category Attributable to Fishing !
Ye11 owhead Residents 66,625
Canadian Non-Residents 47,199
Non-Canadians 15,646
TOTAL 129,470
1 The calculation of expenditures attributable to fishing is discussed in Appendix IV. - 37 - 1-
considered indigenous to the area. Many of those employed in the logging industry, for instance, live in temporary camps during the working season and maintain a home for their families in centres lik,e Terrace and Smithers. For these reasons, a large proportion of the resource revenues entering the region is leaked to non-resident owners of capital, non-resident owners and employees of manufacturing and trans portation firms and to the families of transient workers.
This is not to say, however, that resource revenues entering the stewart-Cassiar area are unimportant. In many cases, the develop ment of resource based activities is considered a prerequisite to growth in a regional economy. Most regional economic activity in northern British Columbia consists of extracting and exporting natural resources. The revenues generated through the export of resources are used to import finished goods and services. Labour, capital and the needs of residents are imported. As export activity grows and diversifies it becomes feasible for the region to produce goods and services for local consumption. As local production grows the area will becoine less and less dependent on importing from other areas. This oversimplified description of regional growth gives the reader some idea of the importance of tourism as an export activity to the Stewart-Cassiar area's development.
Nonetheless, the importance of tourism in the area cannot be fully understood without projections of its growth. The phenomenal growth that has taken place since the access was completed in 1972 indicates that tourism will grow at a high rate. Upgrading of access will probably see a new surge of non-resident recreational activity. Further, tourist revenues entering the area will increase as new service facilities are provided.
'I'nble 21\ shows the present value of future streams of tourist revenue discounted ut 9 percent. Three growth rates were used in order I 1 - 38 -
1
1 to demonstrate the sensJtJvity of the present value computatJons to dJfferent rates of growth in the revenue streams. As a conservatJve estimate it Js expected that tourJsm will grow In the area at an annual 6 rate of about 15 percent. The present value of the stream of revenues growing at 15 percent until 1984, 3 percent from 1985 to 1994, and no growth from 1995 to 2000 discounted at 9 percent was found to be about $17,561,000.
Table 25 shows the present values of future streams of revenues that are directly attributable to non-resident use of the area's sport fishery. The growth rates used in the computations generating this table are the same as those used in Table 24. The present value of future streams of revenues attributable to non-resident sport fishJng growing at 15 percent from 1974 to 1984, 3 percent from 1985 to 1994 and no growth from 1995 to 2000 Js about $4,344,000.
Table 26 shows the dJstribution of non-resident parties accord ing to the method of travel that they used. According to this table, 21.6 percent of the visitors to the Stewart-Cassiar area travelled in passenger cars or station wagons. A study in the Prince George area re ported that 65.9 percent of the visitors who registered at the Visitors' 7 Bureau travelled in automobiles. The relatively small proportion of
6 The use of Canada's national parks grew at an average annual rate of 15 percent between 1962' and 1972. See Byways and Special Places, Indian Affairs and Northern Development, National and Historic Parks Branch, Ottawa, 1973. U. S. Forest Service data suggest that the use of wilder ness or undeveloped wildlands has increased at an annual rate of 10 per cent over the past three decades. The U. S. National Park Service records show that such recreation has tripled in the eastern United States since 1967. See V. Kerry Smith and John V. Krutilla, "A Simula tion Model for the Management of Low Density Recreational Areas", Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, November 1974, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 187-201.
7 Chander M. Suri, Outdoor Recreation Potential - Fraser-Fort George, Regional District of Fraser-Fort George, Prince George, B. C., 1973, p. 25. - 39 -
TABLE 24
PRESENT VALUE OF FUTURE STREAMS OF TOURIST REVENUES IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA CALCULATED AT SELECTED GROWTH RATES AND DISCOUNTED AT 9 PERCENT
Growth Rate Present Value !
10 Percent From 1974 to 1984 3 Percent From 1985 to 1994 No Growth From 1995 to 2000 12,461,918
15 Percent From 1974 to 1984 3 Percent From 1985 to 1994 No Growth From 1995 to 2000 17,560,689
20 Percent From 1974 to 1984 3 Percent From 1985 to 1995 No Growth From 1995 to 2000 24,774,610 .-
- 40 -
TABLE 25
PRESENT VALUE OF FUTURE STREAMS OF REVENUES ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-RESIDENT SPORT FISHING IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA CALCULATED AT SELECTED GROWTH RATES AND DISCOUNTED AT 9 PERCENT
Growth Rate Present Value $
10 Percent From 1974 to 1984 3 Percent From 1985 to 1994 No Growth From 1995 to :WOO 3,082,912
15 Percent From 1974 to 1984 3 Percent From 1985 to 1994 No Growth From 1995 to 2000 4,344,273
20 Percent From 1974 to 1984 3 Percent From 1985 to 1994 No Growth From 1995 to 2000 6,140,256 ,-
- 41 -
TABLE 26
DISTRIBUTION OF NON-RESIDENT PARTIES IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO MODE OF TRAVEL - SUMMER 1974
Percentage
Passenger Car and Station Wagon 21.6
Passenger Car and Trailer 0.7
Motor Home (Winnebago, etc.) 6.1
Pickup Truck and Camper/Pickup 43.9
Van (Econoline, Chevy Van, etc.) 11.5
Four-Wheel Drive 6.8
Other (Hitchhike, Motorcycle) 4.7
Not Recorded 4.7
TOTAL 100.0 ,-
- 42 -
visi tors travelling i.n automobiles reflects the condition of the roads in the Stewart-Cassiar area.
The distribution of non-resident visitor parties according to what they reported as the main reason for their trip to the Stewart Cassiar area is presented in Table 27 by residence category. The largest proportion of Yellowhead resident parties visited the area for fishing and scenic beauty. Twenty-seven point five percent of the Yellowhead resident parties came for scenic beauty and the same perce·nt came for fishing. 1wenty-two point seven percent of the Canadian non-resident parties came for Sight-seeing, 16.7 percent came for scenic beauty and 15.2 percent came for fishing. Although a large number of non-Canadians came for scenic beauty and fishing, an overwhelming number were .just passing through the area. Sixteen point seven percent of the non Canadian parties came for scenic beauty and 14.3 percent came for fishing. Forty-seven point six percent of the non-Canadian parties were just passing through the area.
Table 28 shows the average length of stay of non-resident recreationists according to residence category. Non-Canadian parties averaged 2.78 days in the area. This compares with 3.79 days for Yellow head residents and 4.21 days for Canadian non-residents. This is consis tent with the information presented in Table 27 which shows that a large proportion of the non-Canadians were just passing through the area.
Table 29. shows the distribution of sport fish parties inter viewed in the Yellowhead region during 1974 who travelled or planned to travel in the Stewart-Cassiar area according to their destination and residence category. According to this table a large proportion of non residents were passing through to the Yulwn or Alaska. 1'his is particu larly true of non-Canadians and Canadian non-residents. Certain place names, however, appear to be important to visitors to the area. Meziadin Lake, for instance, was the destination of 17.2 percent of the Yellow head residents who visited or planned to visit the area during 1974. The Lava Beds attracted 11.3 percent of the Canadian non-resident parties . ______.~ . .L...... -... .~ __ .
TABLE 27
NON-RESIDENT PARTIES IN THE STffiVART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO MAIN REASON FOR VISITING THE AREA - SUMMER 1974
T 1- - 44. -
TABLE 28
AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY OF NON-RESIDENT PARTIES IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Average Number of Days Spent in the Area
Yellowhead Residents 3.79
Canadian Non-Residents 4.21
Non-Canadians 2.78
Aggregate 3.79 ,- - 45 - ,- - 46 -
and the Ishkeenickh River attracted 11.8 percent of the non-Canadian visitors as did Eddontenajon Lake.
Tables 30 and 31 indicate the importance of fishing in attracting tourists to the area. 'l'able 30 shows the influence of fish ing on the trip decision of non-residents. Twenty-four point six per cent of all non-residents interviewed would not have made the trip to the area if there was no fishing available. Twenty-five percent of the Yellowhead resident parties, 26 percent of the Canadian non-resident parties and 19 percent of the non-Canadian parties would not have visited the area if fishing was not available.
Table 31 provides a breakdown of non-resident parties accord ing to whether they had fished or planned to fish on their trip to the area. According to this table, all of the Yellowhead resident parties fished in the area. About 90 percent of the Canadian non-resident parties and approximately 95 percent of the non-Canadian parties fished while visiting the Stewart-Cassiar area. Almost 97 percent of all non resident parties had fished or planned to fish during their visit to the area.
Table 32 presents the distribution of non-resident fishing parties according to the species they most preferred to catch and their residence category. 'rrout was overwhelmingly important to non-resident sport fishermen visiting the area. Over 72 percent of all non-residents reported trout as the species that they most preferred to catch. Trout was particularly important to Yellowhead residents, 80 percent of whom reported it as their most preferred species. As in the case of resi dents, the preferences of non-resident sport fishermen were probably influenced by the time period in which most of the interviews were curried out. Some of the non-Canadian fishing parties (15 percent) pre forred to catch grayling. However, grayling are only available in the northern part of the region. It is suspected that for non-Canadians, more than the other groups, the time spent in the area is part of their - 47 -
TABLE 30
INFLUENCE OF FISHING ON THE DECISION OF NON-RESIDENTS TO MAKE THE TRIP TO THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Hesponse Hesidents Non-Hesidents Non-Canadians Aggregate % % % %
Yes 75.0 72.0 81.0 74.9
No 25.0 26.0 19.0 24.6
No Hesponse 2.0 0 .. 6
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ---_.- TABLE 31
PERCENTAGE OF PARTIES WHO HAD FISHED OR PLA~N""ED TO FISH ON
THEIR TRIP TO THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA - SU~ThffiR 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Residents Non-Residents Non-Canadians Aggregate c~ c C % ;c %
~ 'X: Fishing Parties 100.0 90.9 95.2 96.8
Non-Fishing Parties 9.1 4.8 3.2
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
~ TABLE 32
DISTRIBUTION OF NON-RESIDENT FISHING PARTIES ACCORDING TO PREFERRED SPECIES AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE - SUMMER 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Species Residents Non-Residents Non-Canadians Aggregate % % % %
Salmon 7.5 20.0 15.0 11..8
Trout 80.0 61. 7 60.0 72.5 .;::. m Char (Dolly Varden) 12.5 5.0 8.9
Steelhead 3.3 2.5 1.2
Grayling 15.0 1.9
Other 3.3 5.0 1.5
No Preference 6.7 2.5 2.1
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
;- .- - 50 -
trip throug'h to the Yukon or Alaska. The Canadian groups are probably / more likely to enter and leave the region from the south without travel ling as far north as the non-Canadians.
Table 33 shows the percentage of time spent in each recre ational activity by non-residents according to residence category. According to this table non-residents spent 37.5 percent of their time or approximately 9 hours per day sleeping. This leaves 15 hours in the average non-resident recreational day. Driving consumed a considerable portion of the hours available to visiting recreationists. Non Canadians spent an average of 37.6 percent of their time or approxi mately 9 hours per day driving. Yellowhead residents and Canadian non residents spent about 29 percent of their time driving. This is con sistent with information presented earlier which showed that a large proportion of non-Canadians were just passing through the area and the average time spent in the area by non-Canadians was less than their Canadian counterparts.
Non-resident recreationists devoted the next largest propor tion of their time to fishing. Non-residents devoted 13.6 percent of their time to fishing in 1974. Non-Canadians spent significantly less time fishing than Yellowhead residents and Canadian non-residents. Non-Canadians spent about 2 hours per day fishing compared with about 3 hours for Yellowhead residents and Canadian non-residents. It is apparent from the information presented in Table 33 that, in comparison with Canadians, non-Canadians spent less time in almost all of the 8 consumptive activities such as fishing and boating. Non-Canadian groups
8 The term consumptive activity is used here to refer to an activity that consumes natural or scenic resources or an activity where the par ticipation of one individual decreases the amount available to other participants. Fishing, swimming, hunting and boating are examples of consumptive activities. Activities like driving and photography are not normally considered consumptive because an additional user detracts mintmally from the resource available to other users. ,- - 51. -
TABLE 33
PERCENT DISTHIBUTION OF TIME SPENT BY VISITING RECREATIONISTS ACCORDING TO ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED IN AND RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Non- Activities Residents Non-Residents Canadians Aggregate % % % %
Fishing 14.0 13.8 8.7 13.6 Swimming 1.4 0.8 0.8 1.2 Hunting 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3 Boating 5.7 3.1 2.8 4.8 Canoeing 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9 Photography 3.5 6.9 4.3 4.5 Picnicking 3.1 2.2 3.0 2.9 Outdoor Sports 0.6 0.8 0.1. 0.6 Walking for Pleasure 2.5 1.9 1.0 2.3 Hiking with Pack 0.3 1.5 3.1 0.8 Driving 28.8 28.7 37.6 29.4 Nature Study 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.9 Motorcycling 0.3 0.4 0.3 Rock Hunting 0.4 0.1
All Recreational Acti vi ties 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5
Sleeping 37.5 37.5 37.5 37.5
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 - 52 -
were more likely to be driving through the area and only participated in these activities for a short while when they stopped for the night.
Table 34 shows the distribution of non-resident recreational parties according to the features and amenities that they found most enjoyable in the Stewart-Cassiar area. According to this table, 62.5 percent of the non-resident parties reported that the scenery and the unspoiled environment were the most attractive features and amenities of the area. Other important features were fishing and Bear Glacier. Table 34 shows that 9.9 percent of the non-resident parties reported that fishing was the most enjoyable feature of the area and 13.1 per cent said that Bear Glacier was the most important feature.
Summary
From the information presented in this section, it appears that the Stewart-Cassiar area provides important recreational opportun ities for Yellowhead residents. These recreational opportunities appear to be particularly important to residents of Terrace, Kitimat, and Smithers-Telkwa. During 1974, 3,364 Yellowhead resident parties spent 12,750 party days in the Stewart-Cassiar area. They accounted for almost 60 percent of all non-resident outdoor recreational activity. Eighty-four percent of the Yellowhead resident parties were from Terrace, Kitimat or Smithers-Telkwa. The information also indicates that Yellowhead residents find the area particularly important for family recreation. Fifty-five percent of the Yellowhead resident parties were family groups with children.
Canadian non-residents also found the area attractive. During 1974, 1,653 Canadian non-resident parties spent 6,952 party days in the area. Canadian non-resident parties accounted for about 30 percent of all non-resident recreational activity in the area during that year. Nearly 76 percent of the Canadian non-resident parties came from non------1___ _
TABLE 34
PERCE~~ DISTRIBUTION OF NON-RESIDENT PARTIES IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA ACCORDING TO THE FEATURES AND Al\1ENITIES THAT THEY FOUND MOST ENJOYABLE AND RESIDENCE CATEGORY - SUMMER 1974
Yellowhead Canadian Residents Non-Residents Non-Canadians Aggregate % % % %
Scenery and Unspoiled Environment 55.3 66.7 86.5 62.5
CJ1 Fishing 8.5 15.5 3.8 9.9 w
Bear Glacier 17.0 8.3 5.8 13.1
Lava Beds 1.2 0.3
Highways 2.1 3.8 1.7
Camping Facilities 2.1 3.6 2.3
Swimming 2.1 1.2
Hunting 2.1 1.2 1.6
No Response 10.6 3.6 7.3 --- TOI'AL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ---
~ - 54 -
northwest British Columbia.
Non-Canadians, predominately from the United States, accounted for about 12 percent of the non-resident party visits to the area and spent 9 percent of the non-resident party days in 1974. Over 52 percent of non-Canadian parties consisted of adult couples with no children. They did not stay in the area as long as Yellowhead residents and Canadian non-residents and spent less time in consumptive activities such as fishing and boating. It is also worth noting that average daily expenditures of non-Canadians were higher than that of their Canadian counterparts.
It was shown that non-resident parties spent a total of $555,348 in the area during 1974. About 23 percent of this, or $129,470, was directly attributable to fishing and would not have been spent in the area if fishing was not available. Although only a small portion of these tourist revenues would accrue as income to residents of the Stewart-Cassiar area, it was pointed out that tourism diversifies and expands the export activities of the area and is therefore important to the area's potential for growth. The present values were calculated for streams of tourist revenues growing at three selected rates. The present value of the stream of tourist revenues, growing at the expected growth rate of 15 percent until 1984, 3 percent from 1985 to 1994, and no growth from 1995 to 2000, was found to be $17,461,000. The present value of the stream of revenues directly attributable to non-resident sport fishing, growing at the Same rate, was found to be $4,344,000.
It was shown that the availabi1i ty of natural and scenic amenities was very important in attracting non-residents into the area. Over 62 percent of all non-resident recreationists found that the scenery and unspoiled environment was the amenity that they most enjoyed in the area. Other important features were fishing and Bear Glacier. Fishing was a consistently important amenity. Over 22 percent of all non-residents reported fishing as their main reason for visiting the i j I - 55 -
area and over 24 percent said they would not have made the trip if there was no fishing available. Almost 97 percent of all non-residents visiting the area had fished or planned to fish during their visit.
I I- I I -, - 56 -
4. Implications of Recreational Activity on Existing Resources and Future Development
Sections 2 and 3 outlined the activities of resident and non resident recreationists in the Stewart-Cassiar area and indicated some of the values associated with that activity. It was shown that despite the fact that access to the area was only slightly improved, there is a substantial amount of recreational activity in the area. The purpose of this section is to point out some of the effects that unplanned growth in recreational activity could have on the natural resources of the Stewart-Cassiar area. Information is presented in order to help those responsible for administering resources to anticipate and to deal with the problems that might arise as a result of increased pressure on the resources of the area.
Table 35 shows the distribution of total hours spent by non resident recreationists visiting the Stewart-Cassiar area according to the activities in which they participated. Similar information on resident recreationists is not available so the total number of hours devoted to each of these activities during 1974 might be somewhat higher. There is no reason to believe that levels of participation in any of these activities will affect the area's resources to any great extent at the present time. However, if recreational activity grows, as expected, certain problems could arise.
Some recreational activities such as picnicking and swimming can be detrimental to scenic and natural amenities if they are not con centrated into organized areas. Picnicking, and the shoreline activity that accompanies swimming, are associated with a great deal of waste accumulation. Provision of beach, campsite and picnic facilities in high activity areas will concentrate wastes and facilitate their col lection and disposal. Facilities are provided at some locations, but a tour through the area indicates that maintenance of some of these ,-
- 57 -
TABLE 35
DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL VISITOR HOURS SPENT BY NON-RESIDENT RECREATIONISTS ACCORDING TO THE ACTIVITIES IN WHICH THEY PARTICIPATED - SUMMER 1974
Activi ties---- Visitor Hours Fishing 240,010
~wimming 21,060
Hunting 3,730
Boating 84,420
Canoeing 16,650
Photography 79,560
Picnicking 50,260
Outdoor Sports 10,970
Walking for Pleasure 39,410
Hiking wi th Pack 14,640
Driving 519,510
Nature Study 16,990
Motorcycling 5,430
Rock Hunting 1,970
Total Recreational Hours 1,104,960
Sleeping 662,980
Total Visitor Hours 1,767,940 ,-
- 58 -
facilitios is not commensurate with present use. According to Table 35 non-resident recreationists devoted 50,260 hours to picnicking and 21,060 to swimming in 1974.
'rable 35 also shows that non-resident recreationists devoted 240,010 hours to fishing in 1974. The level of sport fish activity on a given waterway has definite impact on the fish stocks of that water way. Monitoring of sport fish activity and inventories of fish stocks are required on a continuing basis in order to determine the impact of sport fish activity on the fish stocks of the area.
Certain recreational activities can be a source of annoyance or even a hazard to other recreationists. Boating, depending on the type of boat and the purpose for which it is. used, requires varying amounts of water surfaces. Some types of boating such as waterskiing have very high spatial requirements and can disturb other boaters and swimmers on the shoreline. Similarly, motorcycling as a recreational pastime requires a great deal of space and the accompanying noise is a source of annoyance for many other recreationists. Table 35 shows that recreationists visiting the area spent 84,420 hours boating and 16,650 hours canoeing during 1974. The table also shows that visitors spent 5,430 hours motorcycling during that year. Activity levels in these space consuming or noisy pastimes may not be high enough to cause serious conflicts at the present time. If outdoor recreation grows in the area as expected, however, these problems may arise in the near 9 future. At some point in time a form of zoning may have to be used to
9 Designing of recreational areas to accommodate conflicting users has been dealt with by a number of writers. For information on this subject see Heiner Jaakson, "Planning for the Capacity of Lakes to Accommodate Wuter-Oriented Hecreation", Plan, 1970, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 29-39; Reiner ,Jnakson, "Zoning to Regulate On-Water Recreation", Land Economics, November 1971, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 382-388; Reiner Jaakson, "Recreation Zoning and Lake Planning", Town Planning Review, 1972, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 41-55; Robert C. Lucas, "Wilderness Perception and Use: The Example· of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area", Natural Resources Journal, January 1964, vol. 3, pp. 394-411; C.W. Threinen, Some Spatial Aspects of Aquatic Recreation, Wisconsin Conservation Dept., Fish Management Division, December 1961, no. 6. - 59 -
segregate those who wish to pursue these disruptive activities from those who wish to enjoy a quiet and peaceful outdoor experience.
Summary
This section has outlined some of the undesirable consequences of unplanned growth in recreational activity in the Stewart-Cassiar area. It has also suggested ways of dealing with these problems. ProviSion of well serviced beach, picnicking and camping facilities could control deterioration of natural and scenic amenities resulting from waste accumulation. It was also pointed out that consumptive activities could be detrimental to renewable resources if their use is not controlled.
Certain activities which may be considered disruptive to other recre~ ationists may also have to be controlled at some point in time if con flicts are to be avoided. :- 60 -
Conclusions and Recommendations
This report has presented preliminary information on recrea tional activity in the Stewart-Cassiar area. Attention has been focussed on this area because of recently improved access. This im proved access will have many complex and interrelated effects on the economic, social and physical environment. The growth in recreational activity that has occurred is probably the most immediate and dramatic of these effects.
From information presented in this paper, it would appear that residents value the recreational opportunities available in the Stewart-Cassiar area. In particular, residents value their fishing opportunities. Further, they participate in outdoor recreation regard less of age, occupation, and income. Maintenance of recreational opportunities for present and future residents of the Stewart-Cassiar area is an important use of natural resources. Recreational oppor tunities in the Stewart-Cassiar area also appear important to non residents. During 1974, 5,721 non-resident parties spent 21,659 party days in the Stewart-Cassiar area. They brought $555,348 in revenues into the area during that year. It is suspected that only a small por tion of those revenues would accrue as income to residen~s of the area. Nonetheless, these revenues are an important factor in the area's growth potential.
Careful distinctio'n was made between Yellowhead residents and other non-residents visiting the area. Northwestern British Columbia, and particularly the Yellowhead region, as defined in this report, has been considered for many different types of development projects in recent years. These developments, if they proceed, and the attendant population growth, will put severe pressure on the resources of north western British Columbia. Research has found that some recreational areas in the Yellowhead region already suffer from severe pressure as a - 61 -
10 result of overuse. The scenic and natural amenities available in the Stewart-Cassiar area may be a very important asset to the future development of northwestern British Columbia as a whole. The impor tance of maintaining recreational opportunities in the Stewart-Cassiar area should be considered with reference to all residents of north- western British Columbia as well as to the immediate residents of the area.
Certain consequences of unplanned growth in recreational activity were discussed in Section 4. Steps should be taken to control deterioration of natural and scenic amenities resulting from waste accumulation and overexploitation of certain resources such as fish stocks. Recreational activities which could be considered disruptive to other recreationists may also have to be controlled.
Development in northwestern British Columbia and in the Stewart-Cassiar area should be consistent with the needs of British Columbians. Planning of future development must be based on the con cept that resource use decisions involve trade-offs according to the relative values of resource use alternatives. The policy goals that evolve from the discussion in this report are that future development in the Stewart-Cassiar area should proceed in a manner which; (1) rec ognizes tourism as an important new component of the area's economic activity base and provision of recreational opportunities for residents as an important use of natural resources; (2) integrates outdoor rec reation with other resource based activities according to its relative economic and social importance; (3) plans and situates recreational facilities and service centres in a manner that meets the needs of resident and non-resident recreationists and avoids environmental
10 William F. Sinclair, The Socio-Economic Importance of Maintaining the Quality of Recreational Resources in Northern British Columbia: The Case of Lakelse Lake, Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Northern Operations Branch, Pacific Region, June 1974, PAC/T-74-10, NOB/ECON 5-74. - 62 -
deterioration resulting from overuse of unorganized areas; (4) controls consumptive use of resources by recreationists and ensures that reSources subject to consumptive use are not threatened by overexploitation; and (5) minimizes conflicts among recreationists and ensures that the activities of one group do not interfere with the enjoyment of others.
It is important that resource agencies such as the Fisheries and Marine Service monitor the growth of activity in the Stewl'irt-Cassiar area. It is also important that this information is used together with information from other agencies to shape and plan future development in the area in a manner which is consistent with the needs of British Columbians - particularly northern British Columbians. ,-
- 63 -
APPENDIX I - 64 -
NOTES ON SOURCES OF DATA
Survey of Recreationists in the Stewart-Cassiar Area
A survey of recreational parties was conducted by Fisheries and Marine Service personnel on the Stewart-Cassiar Highway and access roads. This survey was qonducted from the beginning of July, until the early part of September, 1974.
Table A.1 shows the number of parties interviewed and the per cent sample size according to residence category. The survey captured 2.6 percent of all non-resident parties visiting the area in 1974.
Interviews were carried out in four types of locations. Table A.2 shows the distribution of recreational parties interviewed in the Stewart-Cassiar area according to location type and residence category.
There are many problems associated with surveys of this type and biases occur as a result of many factors. The most serious has been 1 referred to as the participation bias in on-site surveys. Those visitors who make more visits to the site or stay longer are more likely to be 2 included in the survey. The data were corrected for participation bias and response bias was eliminated as much as possible by careful briefing and supervision of enumerators.
1 For an understanding of the severity of the participation bias problem and a method for eliminating this bias from on-site survey data see William F. Sinclair and Robert W. Morley, "A Statistical Bias Problem in On-Site Surveys: The Severity of the Problem and Its Potential for S61u tion", Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Northern Operations Branch, Pacific Region, May 1975 (to be published in n. forthcom:lng issue of the Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada) . 2 Ibid. .-
- 65 -
TABLE A.1
NUMBER OF PARTIES INTERVIEWED AND PERCENT SAMPLE SIZE ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY
No. of Percent Residence Category No . Interviewed Party Visits Sample Size
Yellowhead Residents 40 3,364 1.2
Canadian Non-Residents 66 1,653 4.0
Non-Canadians 42 704 6.0
Subtotal (All Non-Residents) 148 5,721 2.6
Residents 27 Not Not Available Available
TOTAL 175 •• __ • __ ~_~_ .• ____ .~. __ ...... l..-... ___
TABLE A.2
DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATIONAL PARTIES INTERVIEWED IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA
ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY A~~ TYPE OF INTERVIEW LOCATION
Yellowhead Canadian Type of Location Residents Residents Non-Residents Non-Canadians Total No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Roadside 7 25.9 15 37.5 19 28.8 29 69.0 70 40.0
C) Campsite 17 63.0 16 40.0 33 50.0 8 19.0 74 42.3 ~
Forestry Campsite 7 17.5 7 4.0
Rest Area 1 3.7 2 5.0 11 16.7 5 11.9 19 10.9
Not Recorded 2 7.4 3 4.5 5 2.9
TOTAL 27 100.0 4Q 100.0 66 100.0 42 100.0 175 100.0 - 67 -
General Survey
During the summer of 1974 a general survey of visitors also was undertaken in the Yellowhead region. A section relevant to the Stewart-Cassiar area was inserted into the questionnaire used in this survey. The information gathered was used to estimate the 'total number of visits made to the Stewart-Cassiar area during 1974.
Traffic Counts
Traffic counts were compiled on random days during the summer of 1974. Table A.3 shows the counts of recreational and commercial vehicles on sections of the Stewart-Cassiar Highway and access roads for random dates and times in 1974. These data were not collected in a scientifically controlled manner nor over a long and continuous period. For this reason they cannot be used to calculate an exact estimate of total traffic. The data indicate, however, that sUbstantial use is being made of these routes. TABLE A.3
COUNTS OF RECRE..I\TIONAL AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLES ON SECTIONS OF THE STEWART-CASS IAR
HIGHWAY AND ACCESS ROADS FOR RA~LOM DATES AND TIMES IN 1974
Direction of Recreational Commercial Date Travel Vehicles Vehicles Total Time People Vehicles People Vehicles People Vehicles Saturday, Terrace to not not not not not July 6 Stewart* recorded recorded recorded recorded 194 67 recorded Monday, Meziadin Lake not not not not not July 8 to Kitwanga recorded recorded recorded recorded 41 17 recorded Tuesday, Kitwanga to 12:00 noon July 23 Meziadin Lake 234 111 38 33 272 144 to 6:00 PM Thursday, Meziadin to 12:00 noon O'l July 25 Kitwanga 79 45 59 38 138 83 to 6:00 PM co Friday, Kitwanga to 11: 00 AM Aug. 2 Nass Lake 64 34 30 22 94 56 to 4:30 PM Saturday, Nass River 9 :00 AM to Aug. 3 to Stewart 149 60 3 2 152 62 12:00 noon Monday, Meziadin Lake 12:00 noon Aug. 5 to Kitwanga 96 42 3 3 99 45 to 6: 00 PM Thursday, Kitwanga to 11:00 AM Aug. 15 Meziadin 105 47 26 16 131 63 to 5:30 PM Sunday, Meziadin to 2:00 PM to Aug. 18 Kitwanga 121 49 10 7 131 56 8:00 PM Friday, Terrace to 12:00 noon Sept. 6 Meziadin 192 96 12 11 204 107 to 6;00 PM
*The direction of travel given is that of the enumerator. The traffic count includes all vehicles travelling in the opposite direction. - 69 -
APPENDlx II
i - 70 -
SAMPLE OF THB QUESTIONNAIRB USED IN 'fHE SURVEY OF RECHEATIONISTS CONDUCTED IN THE STEWART-CASSIAH AREA DURING THE SUMMBH OF 1974
Date Time Hoadside ------Campsite ------.------Rest Area ------Fishing Location ______Type of Vehicle ------
1. Permanent place of residence?
2. No. of persons in party?
3. Please indicate ages of the members of your group: Male Female No. No.
1 - 9 years 10 - 19 years 20 - 29 years 30 - 39 years 40 - 49 years 50 - 59 years 60 - 69 years 70 and Over
4. How many days will you spend on the Meziadin-Stewart-Cassiar Highway?
5. What is your main reason for visiting the area? Friends and/or Relatives Scenic Beauty Vacation '---- Working in the Area Fishing Passing Through Other ------6. Would you have made this portion of the trip if no fishing had been available to you? Yes No - 71 -
7. What is your occupation? (Head of Household) Executive Managerial --- Retired Professional Labourer Technical or Tradesman Clerical or Sales Self-Employed Other
8. What activities have members of your party participated in while on this portion of the trip'? (and number of participants in each activity) Camping No. Picnicking (day use only) No. Fishing No. Outdoor games (sports) No. Swimming No. Walking for pleasure No. Hunting No. Hiking (with pack) No. Boating No. Horseback riding No. Canoeing No. Sightseeing No. Photography No. Nature Study No. Other No. Other No.
9. What species of fish are you mo~t interested in catching here?
10. What are your average expenditures per day?
11. How many days have you been north of Prince George?
12. As a visitor to the area, what features or amenities in this portion of British Columbia have you particularly enjoyed?
13. What is your gross household income? Under $5,999 $6,000 - $9,999 $10,000 - $14,999 $15,000 - $19,999 $20,000 - $24,999 $25,000 and Over - 72 -
APPENDIX II I - 73 -
SAMPI.E OF TilE SEC1' ION I NSER'f ED INTO THE GENERAL SURVEY OF S roRT FISHERMEN CONDUCTED IN THE YELLOWHEAD REGION DURING THE SUMMER OF 1974
22. Are you planning to travel the Meziadin or Stewart-Cassiar High- ways? Yes (Destination)· No
23. If so, how many days will you be on that portion of the trip?
24. What is your ~ reason for going up to the Meziadin-Stewart Cassiar Area?
25. If no fishing was available would you have made the trip to the Meziadin-stewart-Cassiar Area anyway? Yes No --- ,-
- 74 -
APPENDIX IV - 75 -
SUMMARY OF CALCULATIONS
Total Party Visits and Party Days in the Stewart-Cassiar Area
Reliable information is available on recreational activity in the Yellowhead region. A general survey of visitors to the Yellowhead region determined the proportion of visitors to the Yellowhead region who made trips into the Stewart-Cassiar area during 1974. It also determined what proportion of Yellowhead residents made trips intb the Stewart-Cassiar area during that same year. Data collected in this manner were checked against traffic count information to substantiate their validity. Table A.4 shows the total number of party visits and party days for Canadian non-residents and non-Canadians. Table A.5 shows the number of party visits and party days for Yellowhead residents.
Expenditures Attributable to Fishing
Table A.6 shows the method used to determine those non resident expenditures that were directly attributable to fishing in 1974. Recreationists were asked if they would still make the trip to the area if there was no fishing available. The days spent by those who would not have come if there was no fishing, and consequently their expenditures, were attributed to sport fishing opportunities. TABLE A.4
TOTAL PARTY VISITS AND PARTY DAYS IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA
BY QL~ADIAN NON-RESIDENTS AND NON-CANADIANS
Party Visits Percent Who Party Visits Average Total to the Travelled to the to the Length Party Yellowhead Stewart-Cassiar Stewart-Cassiar of Stay Days
....:) OJ Canadian Non-Residents 9,370 17.6 1,653 4.21 6,952
Non-Canadians 4,191 16.8 704 2.78 1,957 TABLE A.5
TOTAL PARTY VISITS AND PARTY DAYS IN THE STEWART-CASSIAR AREA BY YELLOWHEAD RESIDENTS
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Total No. Length of Percent of Yellowhead of Households No. of Party Stay/Visit Total Party Residents ~~o Visited in the Visits in the in the Days in the. the Stewart-Cassiar Yellowhead Stewart-Cassiar Stewart-Cassiar Stewart-Cassiar Area During 1974 Region1 Area Area Area (1)x(2) (3 )x(4) Vanderhoof, Burns Lake 19.2 1,107 213
-..l Fort Fraser and -..l Fraser Lake 14.3 558 80
Smithers, Houston and Telkwa 27.8 1,156 321
Hazelton and Area 23.1 262 61
Terrace 41.5 3,330 1,382
Kitimat 43.2 3,025 1,307
TOTAL 35.6 9,438 3,364 3.79 12,750
1 Statistics Canada 1971 Census. TABLE A.6
NON-RESIDENT EXPENDITURES ATTRIBUTABLE TO FISHING IN 1974 ACCORDING TO RESIDENCE CATEGORY
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Days Spent by Those Who Would Percent of Total Total Total Days In Not Come If Days Party Party Days Average Expenditures Area Sport Fishing Attributable Days Attributable Expenditures Attributable (survey) Was Not Available to Fishing In Area to Fishing Per Day to Fishing (2)/(1) (3)x(4) (5)x(7)
...:J 00 Yellowhead Residents 297 62 20.9 12,750 2,665 25.00 66,625
Canadian Xon-Residents 464 122 26.3 6,952 1,828 25.82 47,199
Non-Canadians 281 77 27.4 1,957 536 29.19 15~646 - 79 -
13 IBL JOGRA PHY
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