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VOL. XXVIII No. 9 September 2016 Rs. 20.00 2

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4 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit economic recovery, multiple risks and challenges still exist, ranging from the lack of growth momentum and faltering demand to turbulent financial markets, he explained.

Against such a backdrop, Xi said he hoped the summit could find a therapy that can bring the world economy back on to a healthy growth trajectory.

“The therapy will be an integrative approach to address both the symptoms and root causes, and propel the world economy onto a path of robust, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth,” he said.

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki- moon appreciated President Xi and Chinese presidency for emphasizing sustainable development efforts as a core G20 summit agenda at a press conference

Xi said the G20 should take the lead in major issues, working with real actions and without empty talk.

For the first time, the summit has put the issue of development front and center of the global macro Chongyang Institute for Financial The summit should also policy framework, supporting the Studies with the Renmin University increase the openness of the world industrialization of African of China, sees the summit as “a economy, facilitate trade and countries and least developed landmark event in the history of investment and boost inclusive countries. China’s diplomacy that reveals the development, he said. growing influence and soft power of With two-thirds of the world’s the country.” Su Ge, president of the China population, G20 contributes 90 Institute of International Studies, percent of the world’s total gross Xi proposed that the summit expects the Hangzhou summit to domestic product and 80 percent of should strengthen coordination of open a new chapter in global the world’s trade volume. macro-economic policies, facilitate economic governance and engage economic expansion worldwide, both developed and developing Over the past eight years, China safeguard financial stability, make countries. has risen to become the world’s innovations on growth patterns, tap second largest economy. new potential, optimize global After the meeting, Xi and the economic governance and make other leaders and guests took a boat Wang Wen, executive dean of institutional improvements. trip and enjoyed a leisure moment

News From China September 2016 5 G-20 Summit

lightened by glitzy performance and mentioned the boat metaphorically waters of world economy and start a fireworks display on the bank of to stress the need of joint efforts to new journey for future growth, it’s Hangzhou’s landmark West Lake. overcome difficulties. good to know that we are in the same boat,” he said. Nevertheless, in his speech, Xi “To brave through the rough BRICS SHOULD PLAY BIGGER ROLE IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: XI On Sept.4, Chinese President Xi maintained sound momentum with important members of the G20, Xi Jinping said that BRICS members an expanded scope and more said, noting that they should should enhance coordination to outcomes, Xi said while attending a reinforce coordination to build, make emerging-market economies BRICS leaders’ meeting on the maintain and develop the BRICS and and developing countries play a sidelines of a summit of Group of G20 platforms. bigger role in international affairs. 20 (G20) major economies in Hangzhou. At the meeting, BRICS leaders Since the beginning of this year, exchanged views on a wide range of cooperation among BRICS BRICS nations are leaders important global issues of common countries — Brazil, Russia, India, among emerging-market economies concern, including political, security, China and South Africa — has and developing countries, and also economic and global governance

6 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit

sectors. emphasis on development at the step up efforts with the IMF to G20 under China’s presidency, increase quota resources and review Despite challenges in their encouraging G20 members to the distribution of quotas and votes respective economies, BRICS strengthen macroeconomic to ensure a fair reflection of members recognized that they are cooperation, innovation, robust and e m e r g i n g a n d d e v e l o p i n g still critical engines for global sustainable trade, and investment economies. economic growth due to positive growth, the statement said. growth momentum and prospects, They called for the completion according to a statement issued after They also expressed concern of 15th general review of quotas and the meeting. about rising protectionism, against a the creation of a new quota formula backdrop of declining global trade, before the 2017 IMF annual The nations should strengthen vowing to join efforts to facilitate meeting, the statement said. BRICS strategic partnership guided market links and build an inclusive, by principles of openness, solidarity, rule-based and open world economy. Xi called on the BRICS equality, mutual understanding, members to promote the reform of inclusiveness and win-win They said that International the governance structure of the IMF cooperation. Monetary Fund (IMF) quotas fail to and the World Bank, with an aim to reflect current global economic boost the representativeness and say BRICS leaders appreciated the realities, urging G20 members to of emerging-market and developing

News From China September 2016 7 G-20 Summit countries. contingent reserve arrangement in energy security, and cyber security order to enhance financial security under the framework of BRICS. The five countries should also for BRICS countries, he said. work to safeguard the position of Coined by former Goldman multilateral trade system as the key The president called upon the Sachs chief economist Jim O’Neill in channel, jointly build an open world emerging-market bloc to help build 2001 in a paper titled “Building economy and oppose all kinds of new-type international relations Better Global Economic BRICs,” protectionism and exclusionism, to featuring win-win cooperation and the term “BRIC” was originally an ensure that all countries will be equal cultivate a peaceful, stable, equitable acronym referring to Brazil, Russia, in terms of development rights, and reasonable international order. India and China. opportunities, and rules, Xi said. The BRICS members should In June 2009, leaders from the The president also called upon insist that each country chooses its four countries held their first members of the emerging-market development path in accordance official meeting in Yekaterinburg, bloc to drive the BRICS New with its national conditions, and Russia, during which they Development Bank to implement resolutely opposes the interference f o u n d e d a c o o p e r a t i v e the first batch of projects and boost in its internal affairs by external mechanism known as BRIC. In the bank’s management level and forces, Xi said. 2010, South Africa was officially financing capabilities. admitted as a new member of the The president also called for group, and the acronym was The bank should promote the increased cooperation in the fields changed to BRICS. capabilities of macro research on the of counter-terrorism, outer space,

8 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit CHINA WILLING TO MAINTAIN HARD-WON SOUND RELATIONS WITH INDIA, XI SAYS

China is willing to work with developing countries they should infrastructure construction and India to maintain their hard-won continue high-level exchanges. production capacity, he said. sound relations and further advance cooperation, President Xi Jinping China and India should He proposed that the two sides said on Sept.4, 2016. continue dialogues at various levels strengthen people-to-people and in various areas, and frequently exchanges and promised that China Xi made the remarks when exchange views on major issues of would continue to encourage meeting with Indian Prime Minister common interest to enhance Chinese companies to invest in Narendra Modi on the sidelines of understanding and trust, Xi said. India. the G20 summit in Hangzhou. The two countries should seek China and India should respect He said both sides had seen synergy between their development and care for each other on issues of healthy, stable and speedy strategies and discuss the major concern, and handle development of their relationship, implementation of pragmatic differences in a constructive way, Xi and that as neighbors and cooperation in large projects in said.

News From China September 2016 9 G-20 Summit

He said China would deepen Modi said strategic partnership H e s a i d I n d i a w o u l d cooperation with India to jointly is of great importance both to the coordinate with China for positive contribute more to world economic two countries and to the rest of the outcomes at the G20 Hangzhou growth and better global governance world, highlighting close high-level summit and that he expected within the G20 framework, and exchanges, bilateral trade and President Xi to attend the eighth support India’s efforts to host the people-to-people exchanges. BRICS summit in India. upcoming BRICS summit. XI MEETS PUTIN, CALLS FOR FIRM MUTUAL SUPPORT On Sept.4, Chinese President Xi China and Russia to push forward and security cooperation. Jinping met with his Russian the alignment of their development counterpart Vladimir Putin and strategies, as well as dovetailing the Xi said the two countries should called for firm support in each Belt and Road Initiative with the cooperate more closely on other’s efforts to safeguard Eurasian Economic Union. international and regional issues, as s o v e r e i g n t y, s e c u r i t y a n d well as resolutely safeguard the development interests. Xi said the two countries should principles of the UN Charter, the deepen pragmatic cooperation in basic norms of international Noting that the two countries infrastructure, energy, aviation, relations, and international equity should strengthen all-round aerospace and advanced technology. and justice to promote peace, strategic cooperation, Xi urged He also called for stronger military stability and prosperity.

10 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit

With the support of all parties, Putin said Russia should join The two countries should push including Russia, the summit will be hands with China to ensure that the for broader cooperation in trade, a success, which Xi said was in the political trust and friendship investment, finance, energy and common interest of all parties and in between the nations can provide a technology, to benefit both line with the need for global boost in economic cooperation. countries, Putin said. economic development. XI MEETS OBAMA AHEAD OF G20 SUMMIT

On Sept.3, 2016, Chinese which “produced important strategic importance and global President Xi Jinping said China is consensus.” influence of Sino-U.S. relations,” the willing to work with the United Chinese president said. States to ensure bilateral ties stay on In particular, the decision to the right track. build a new type of major-country Xi said China and the United relations between China and the States have carried out fruitful Xi made the remarks in a United States has led to a series of cooperation under the G20 meeting with his U.S. counterpart concrete achievements in bilateral framework, and the two sides have Barack Obama in the eastern city of ties, Xi said. maintained close coordination and Hangzhou on the eve of the G20 communication with regard to the summit. Two-way trade, investment and preparation of the G20 Hangzhou personnel exchanges are at historical summit. He urged the two countries to highs, he said, and both countries follow the principles of non- have worked together in combating C h i n a a p p r e c i a t e s t h e conflict, non-confrontation, mutual clima te chang e, a dvancing cooperation and support from the respect and win-win cooperation, neg otiations on a bilateral U.S. side, he said, adding that holding d e e p e n m u t u a l t r u s t a n d investment treaty, and establishing a a successful summit is the global collaboration, and manage and mutual trust mechanism between the community’s shared expectation, as control their differences in a two militaries. well as the due responsibility of constructive manner, in order to China and the United States as the push forward continuous, sound and Important progress was also world’s two largest economies. stable development of bilateral ties. made in fighting cyber crimes, coping with the Ebola epidemic in He said China hopes to work Noting that the city of A f r i c a , a n d f a c i l i t a t i n g a with the United States and other H a n g z h o u h o l d s h i s t o r i c comprehensive agreement on the parties to achieve fruitful results significance to Sino-U.S. relations, Iranian nuclear issue, Xi said. during the summit to inject Xi spoke highly of his previous momentum to the global economy meetings with Obama since 2013, “All these have showcased the while lifting confidence. CHINA WELCOMES G20 LEADERS WITH BANQUET, GALA

On Sept. 4 in the eastern evening gala. the 11th G20 summit in Hangzhou. Chinese city of Hangzhou, leaders and other guests from the Group of On the evening of Sept.4 , Before the banquet, Xi and his 20 (G20) major economies were Chinese President Xi Jinping hosted wife Peng Liyuan greeted the welcomed with a banquet and an a grand banquet for those attending honored guests at the entry of a

News From China September 2016 11 G-20 Summit hotel by the side of the West Lake. of East and West cultures. Through a remarkable feat of engineering, the platform was Leaders and their families, The performance, directed by centimeters below the surface of the including U.S. President Barack famed Chinese director Zhang lake and the performers seemed to Obama, Russian President Vladimir Yimou, was staged with the glowing be treading the water. Putin and German Chancellor West Lake in the background. Angela Merkel, came to shake hands with the Xi couple.

While proposing a toast at the banquet, Xi assimilated the G20 platform to a bridge of friendship, cooperation and the future.

“We have come here for a common obligation to build an i n n o v a t i v e , i n v i g o r a t e d , interconnected and inclusive world economy as well as lead a new round of robust economic growth,” Xi said.

After the banquet, the guests enjoyed a feast of classic Chinese music, folk dance, traditional songs and ballet performance — a blend

Artists perform ballet during an evening gala for the G20 summit at the West Lake scenic zone in Hangzhou.

12 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit

Artists perform during an evening gala for the G20 summit.

Artists perform “yue opera” during an evening gala for the G20 summit .

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Artists perform “Umbrella dance”during an evening gala for the G20 summit .

Artists perform during an evening gala for the G20 summit

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Bird’s eyeview of the performing site. PENG LIYUAN AND WIVES OF G20 SUMMIT LEADERS VISIT CHINA ACADEMY OF ART

Chinese President Xi Jinping’s wife Peng Liyuan and spouses of leaders attending G20 s u m m i t w r i t e calligraphy during a v i s i t t o C h i n a Academy of Art in Hangzhou, capital of east China’s Zhejiang Province, Sept. 5, 2016. (Xinhua/Xie Huanchi)

News From China September 2016 15 G-20 Summit

Hangzhou, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) — exhibitions of celadon art and painting featuring the scenic West Peng Liyuan, wife of Chinese Chinese calligraphy and paintings. Lake. President Xi Jinping, invited the Peng invited the guests to write the wives of leaders attending the G20 Chinese character “he” together. When enjoying a Chinese silk summit to visit the China Academy The character carries the meanings clothes exhibition, Peng explained of Art in Hangzhou City on of “peace” and “harmony”, she said. that Hangzhou has a reputation of Monday. being a “capital of silk” and its silk They took a group photo in products were transported overseas T h e v i s i t o r s w a t c h e d front of a traditional Chinese through the ancient Silk Road. G20 SUMMIT CONCLUDES WITH HISTORIC CONSENSUS ON WORLD GROWTH

On Sept. 5 2016, The 11th “Held at a critical time for world conference after the summit’s summit of the Group of 20 (G20) eco n o mic g rowth a n d th e conclusion. major economies concluded, transformation of the G20, the reaching extensive consensus on Hangzhou summit attracted wide From Sunday to Monday, pursuing innovative, invigorated, attention from the whole world and leaders of G20 members, guest interconnected and inclusive world carried high expectations,” Chinese countries and international economic growth. President Xi Jinping said at a press organizations exchanged views on

16 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit topics including more effective action plans, he said. global economic and financial A G20 Leaders’ Communique governance, robust international of the Hangzhou Summit was They are also going to trade and investment, and inclusive adopted to set out the direction, encourage innovation in various and interconnected development. targ ets and ste ps of G20 domains and ensure that the fruits of cooperation and depict the blueprint innovation are shared, Xi said. They also discussed prominent for future world economy. issues affecting the global economy, “The blueprint provides us with including climate change, refugee, A mix of effective tools, the consensus, action plan and the anti-terrorism financing and public including fiscal, monetary and overall framework to open up a new health. s t r u c t u r a l o n e s, m u s t b e path for global growth and increase implemented to buffer against short- medium- to long-term potential of CHARTING A NEW COURSE term risks and unleash medium- to the world economy,” he said. long-term potential, Xi said. World economic recovery BETTER GOVERNANCE, remains weak this year. The World “This will send a strong signal of INCLUSIVE GROWTH Bank in June cut its 2016 global G20’s commitment to promoting growth forecast to 2.4 percent from global growth, and help shore up T h e l e a d e r s w e r e a l s o 2.9 percent projected in January, market confidence and ensure determined to improve global partly due to sluggish growth in stability of global financial markets,” economic and financial governance advanced economies, stubbornly Xi said. to enhance the resilience of the low commodity prices and weak world economy, and to revitalize global trade. BLUEPRINT ON international trade and investment as INNOVATIVE GROWTH the key engines of growth and build The forecast is much lower than an open world economy, Xi said. a year-on-year growth of 6.7 percent “We are determined to break a in the first half of 2016 in China, in new path for growth to inject new They agreed to advance the line with the government’s target to dynamism into the world economy,” quota and governance reform of keep its annual growth between 6.5 Xi said. international financial institutions, percent and 7 percent this year. broaden the use of Special Drawing Past realities teach us that merely Rights, strengthen the global The world has been hoping for relying on fiscal and monetary financial safety net and make the Chinese wisdom and prescription to policies does not work for the world international monetary system more cope with common challenges after economy, Xi said, adding that the stable and resilient. the country took over the G20 world should pursue innovation- presidency. driven economy and create a new The leaders agreed to deepen round of growth and prosperity. cooperation on financial inclusion, Xi said in a closing speech that green finance and climate funds, and leaders attending the summit The leaders unanimously formulated an action plan on energy decided to point out the way and adopted the G20 Blueprint on access, renewable energy and energy set the course for the world Innovative Growth, which reflects efficiency, Xi said. economy. their desire to find the right path toward sustainable and healthy They will also enhance “We will continue to reinforce growth. international tax cooperation, and macro-policy dialogue and join efforts of anti-corruption to coordination, work in the spirit of The G20 members will deprive all corrupt persons of any partnership to promote mutual help capitalize on the new opportunities safe haven in G20 countries and and win-win cooperation, and focus brought about by innovation, new beyond, he said. our minds and energy to pursue industrial revolution, digital strong, sustainable, balanced and economy and other new factors and G20 members reiterated their inclusive growth,” Xi said. business types, and make a series of s t a n c e t o o p p o s e t r a d e

News From China September 2016 17 G-20 Summit protectionism and suppor t interconnected development, so that Sustainable Development, he added. multilateral trading mechanisms in G20 cooperation will deliver pursuit of trade growth, and benefits to the whole world, “The development of G20 has a formulated guiding principles for according to Xi. bearing on the immediate interests investment policymaking to of all its members and the future of facilitate investment around the For the first time, the summit world economy. Only when the world. put development at the center of mechanism responds to changes and global macro policy framework and advances with the times can it retain Consensus was also made to made a groundbreaking action plan its vitality,” Xi said. p r o m o t e i n c l u s i v e a n d implementing the 2030 Agenda for FULL TEXT: G20 LEADERS' COMMUNIQUE, HANGZHOU SUMMIT

Hangzhou, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) — Leaders of the Group of 20 (G20) major economies on Monday adopted a leaders’ communique at the end of the 11th G20 summit in China’s eastern city of Hangzhou. G20 Leaders’ Communique Hangzhou Summit 4-5 September 2016

18 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit

1. We, the Leaders of the G20, global growth and sustainable through and public support for met in Hangzhou, China on 4-5 development, taking into account expanded growth in a globalized September 2016. the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable economy. Development, the Addis Ababa 2. We met at a time when the Action Agenda and the Paris ——Inclusiveness. We will work global economic recovery is Agreement. to ensure that our economic growth progressing, resilience is improved serves the needs of everyone and in some economies and new sources 6. In this context, we, the G20, benefits all countries and all people for growth are emerging. But growth as the premier for um for including in particular women, youth is still weaker than desirable. international economic cooperation, and disadvantag ed g roups, Downside risks remain due to forge a comprehensive and generating more quality jobs, potential volatility in the financial integrated narrative for strong, addressing inequalities and markets, fluctuations of commodity sustainable, balanced and inclusive eradicating poverty so that no one is prices, slug gish trade and growth, and thereby adopt the left behind. investment, and slow productivity attached package of policies and and employment growth in some actions - the Hangzhou Consensus - Strengthening Policy countries. Challenges originating based on the following: Coordination from geopolitical developments, increased refugee flows as well as ——Vision. We will strengthen 7. Our growth must be shored terrorism and conflicts also the G20 growth agenda to catalyze up by well-designed and coordinated complicate the global economic new drivers of growth, open up new policies. We are determined to use all outlook. horizons for development, lead the policy tools - monetary, fiscal and way in transforming our economies structural - individually and 3. We also met at a time of in a more innovative and sustainable collectively to achieve our goal of continued shifts and profound manner and better reflect shared strong, sustainable, balanced and transformations in the configuration interests of both present and coming inclusive growth. Monetary policy of the global economic landscape generations. will continue to support economic and dynamics for growth. With activity and ensure price stability, these transformations come ——Integration. We will pursue consistent with central banks’ challenges and uncertainties as well innovative growth concepts and mandates, but monetary policy alone as opportunities. The choices we policies by forging synergy among cannot lead to balanced growth. make together will determine the fiscal, monetary and structural Underscoring the essential role of effectiveness of our response to the policies, enhancing coherence structural reforms, we emphasize challenges of today and help to b e t w e e n e c o n o m i c, l a b o r, that our fiscal strategies are equally shape the world economy of the employment and social policies as important to supporting our future. well as combining demand common growth objectives. We are management with supply side using fiscal policy flexibly and 4. We believe that closer reforms, short-term with mid- to making tax policy and public partnership and joint action by G20 long-term policies, economic expenditure more growth-friendly, members will boost confidence in, growth with social development and including by prioritizing high-quality foster driving forces for and environmental protection. investment, while enhancing intensify cooperation on global resilience and ensuring debt as a economic growth, contributing to ——Openness. We will work share of GDP is on a sustainable shared prosperity and better well- harder to build an open world path. Furthermore, we will continue being of the world. economy, reject protectionism, to explore policy options, tailored to p r o m o t e g l o b a l t r a d e a n d country circumstances, that the G20 5. We are determined to foster investment, including through countries may undertake as an innovative, invig orated, f u r t h e r s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e necessary to support growth and interconnected and inclusive world multilateral trading system, and respond to potential risks including economy to usher in a new era of ensure broad-based opportunities balance sheet vulnerability. We

News From China September 2016 19 G-20 Summit reiterate that excess volatility and implementation of the growth addressing shortfalls in global disorderly movements in exchange strategies remains key to supporting demand to support short-term rates can have adverse implications economic growth and the collective growth, we believe it is also for economic and financial stability. growth ambition set by the Brisbane imperative to address supply side Our relevant authorities will consult Summit, and we are prioritizing our constraints so as to raise productivity closely on exchange markets. We implementation efforts. In the light sustainably, expand the frontier of reaffirm our previous exchange rate of this, we launch the Hangzhou production and unleash mid- to commitments, including that we will Action Plan and have updated our long-term growth potential. r e f r a i n f r o m c o m p e t i t i v e growth strategies, including new and devaluations and we will not target adjusted macroeconomic and 10. We recognize that in the long our exchange rates for competitive structural policy measures that can run, innovation is a key driver of purposes. We will carefully calibrate provide mutually-supportive growth for both individual countries and clearly communicate our benefits to growth. We will also and the global economy as a whole. macroeconomic and structural strive to reduce excessive We are committed to tackling one of policy actions to reduce policy imbalances, promote greater the root causes of weak growth by uncertainty, minimize negative inclusiveness and reduce inequality taking innovation as a key element of s p i l l o v e r s a n d p r o m o t e in our pursuit of economic growth. our effort to identify new growth transparency. engines for individual countries and Breaking a New Path for Growth the world economy, which will also 8. We are making further contribute to creating new and better p r o g r e s s t o w a r d s t h e 9. Our growth, to be dynamic jobs, building a cleaner environment, implementation of our growth and create more jobs, must be increasing productivity, addressing strategies, but much more needs to powered by new driving forces. global challenges, improving b e d o n e . S w i f t a n d f u l l While reaffirming the importance of people’s lives and building dynamic,

20 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit cooperative and inclusive innovation of more women into these fields - and Least Developed Countries ecosystems. We thus endorse the and mobility of STI human (LDCs). We are committed to G20 Blueprint on Innovative resources. We support effort to suppor ting our workforces G r ow t h a s a n e w a g e n d a promote voluntary knowledge throughout this transition and to encompassing policies and measures diffusion and technology transfer on ensuring that the benefits of the in and across the areas of mutually agreed ter ms and NIR extend to all, including women, innovation, the new industrial conditions. Consistent with this youth and disadvantaged groups. We revolution and the digital economy. approach, we support appropriate call for cooperation to maximize the In this context, we recognize the efforts to promote open science and benefits and mitigate the negative importance of structural reforms. facilitate appropriate access to i m p a c t o f t h e e x p e c t e d We will act on the recommendations publicly funded research results on technological and industrial changes. of the Blueprint in accordance with findable, accessible, interoperable In all these initiatives, the G20 will our national circumstances and in and reusable (FAIR) principles. In take into consideration the different line with our vision for leadership, furtherance of the above, we opportunities and challenges for p a r t n e r s h i p , o p e n n e s s , emphasize the importance of open developing and developed countries. inclusiveness, creativity, synergy and trade and investment regimes to flexibility. facilitate innovation through 14. To unleash the potential of intellectual property rights (IPR) digital economy, we deliver the G20 11. We commit to important protection, and improving public Digital Economy Development and cross-cutting actions related to communication in science and Cooperation Initiative, which builds multi-dimensional partnerships, technology. We are committed to on our work begun in Antalya. We supporting developing countries foster exchange of knowledge and aim to foster favorable conditions and improving skills and human experience by supporting an online for its development and to address capital. We will set up a G20 Task G20 Community of Practice within digital divide, including through Force supported by the OECD and the existing Innovation Policy expanded and better and affordable other relevant international Platform and the release of the 2016 broadband access, flow of organizations to take forward the G20 Innovation Report. information for economic growth, G20 agenda on innovation, new trust and security, while ensuring industrial revolution and digital 13. To seize the opportunity that respect for privacy and personal data economy, subject to the priorities of the new industrial revolution (NIR) protection, investment in the ICT the respective future G20 presents for industry, particularly sector, entrepreneurship, digital presidencies, ensuring continuity manufacturing and related services, transfor mation, e-commerce and consistency with the results so we deliver the G20 New Industrial cooperation, enhanced digital far, and promoting synergies with Revolution Action Plan. We commit inclusion and development of other G20 workstreams. to strengthen communication, micro, small and medium-sized cooperation and relevant research enterprises (MSMEs). We reaffirm 12. To achieve innovation- on the NIR, facilitate small and paragraph 26 in the Antalya driven growth and the creation of medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to Communique, commit to offer innovative ecosystems, we support leverage benefits from the NIR, policy support for an open and dialogue and cooperation on address employment and workforce secure environment and recognize innovation, which covers a wide skill challenges, encourage more the key role of adequate and range of domains with science and cooperation on standards, adequate effective IPR protection and technology innovation at its core. and effective IPR protection in line enforcement to the development of We deliver the G20 2016 Innovation with existing multilateral treaties to the digital economy. We welcome the Action Plan. We commit to pursue which they are parties, new industrial efforts made by the OECD, IMF, pro-innovation strategies and infrastr ucture, and support national and other international policies, support investment in industrialization, as committed in organizations on the measurement science, technology and innovation the action plan. We also support of the digital economy, and (STI), and support skills training for industrialization in developing recognize that further relevant STI - including support for the entry countries, especially those in Africa research and exchange are needed.

News From China September 2016 21 G-20 Summit

strategy for growth with short, flow volatility. We look forward to 15. We reiterate the essential role medium and long-term measures. the IMF’s review of country of structural reforms in boosting We will ensure that the Enhanced experiences and emerging issues in productivity and potential output, as Structural Reform Agenda and the handling capital flows by year-end. well as promoting innovative growth relevant elements of the Blueprint We note the ongoing work on the in G20 countries. We deliver the on Innovative Growth are well review of the OECD Code of Enhanced Structural Reform articulated. L i b e r a l i z a t i o n o f C a p i t a l Agenda, noting that the choice and Movements. We support work to design of structural reforms are More Effective and Efficient further strengthen the Global consistent with countries’ specific Global Economic and Financial Financial Safety Net (GFSN), with a economic conditions. We endorse Governance strong, quota-based and adequately the nine priority areas of structural resourced IMF at its center, reforms and a set of guiding 16. Our growth, to be resilient, equipped with a more effective principles identified in the Agenda must be underpinned by effective toolkit, and with more effective to provide high-level and useful and efficient global economic and cooperation between the IMF and guidance to members, while financial architecture. We will regional financing arrangements allowing them to account for their continue our work in this regard. (RFAs), respecting their mandates. specific national circumstances. We In this respect, we welcome the also support the quantitative 17. We endorse the G20 Agenda upcoming CMIM-IMF joint test framework consisting of a set of Towards A More Stable and Resilient run. We support maintaining access indicators, which will be improved International Financial Architecture. to bilateral and multilateral over time, to help monitor and assess We will continue to improve the borrowing agreements between our efforts and progress with analysis and monitoring of capital members and the IMF, in line with structural reforms and challenges. flows and management of risks the objective of preserving the We are putting in place an integrated stemming from excessive capital IMF’s current lending capacity, and

22 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit call for broad participation of the inclusion of the RMB into the continue to address the issue of IMF membership, including Special Drawing Right (SDR) systemic risk within the insurance through new agreements. We currency basket on October 1st. We sector. We welcome the work welcome the entry into effect of the support the ongoing examination of towards the development of an 2010 IMF quota and governance the broader use of the SDR, such as Insurance Capital Standard (ICS) for reform and are working towards the broader reporting in the SDR and internationally active insurers. We completion of the 15th General the issuance of SDR-denominated are committed to full and timely Review of Quotas, including a new bonds, as a way to enhance resilience. implementation of the agreed over- quota formula, by the 2017 Annual In this context, we take note of the the-counter (OTC) derivatives Meetings. We reaffirm that any recent issuance of SDR bonds by the reform agenda, and we will remove realignment under the 15th review in World Bank in China’s interbank legal and regulatory barriers to the quota shares is expected to result in market. We welcome further work by reporting of OTC derivatives to increased shares for dynamic the international organizations to trade repositories and to authorities’ economies in line with their relative support the development of local appropriate access to data. We positions in the world economy, and currency bond markets, including encourage members to close the gap hence likely in the share of emerging intensifying efforts to support low- in the implementation of the market and developing countries as a income countries. Principles for Financial Market whole. We are committed to Infrastructures and welcome the p r o t e c t i n g t h e vo i c e a n d 18. Building an open and reports by the Committee on representation of the poorest resilient financial system is crucial to P a y m e n t s a n d M a r k e t members. We support the World supporting sustainable growth and Infrastructures, International Bank Group to implement its development. To this end, we remain Org anization of Securities shareholding review according to committed to finalizing remaining Commissions and FSB on the agreed roadmap, timeframe and critical elements of the regulatory enhancing central counterparty principles, with the objective of framework and to the timely, full and resilience, recovery planning and achieving equitable voting power consistent implementation of the resolvability. Recognizing the over time. We underline the agreed financial sector reform i m p o r t a n c e o f e f f e c t i v e importance of promoting sound agenda, including Basel III and the macroprudential policies in limiting and sustainable financing practices total-loss-absorbing-capacity systemic risks, we welcome the joint and will continue to improve debt (TLAC) standard as well as effective work by the IMF, FSB and Bank for restructuring processes. We support cross-border resolution regimes. We International Settlements (BIS) to the continued effort to incorporate reiterate our support for the work by take stock of international the enhanced contractual clauses the Basel Committee on Banking experiences with macroprudential into sovereign bonds. We support Supervision (BCBS) to finalize the frameworks and tools and to help the Paris Club’s discussion of a range Basel III framework by the end of promote effective macroprudential of sovereign debt issues, and the 2016, without further significantly policies. We welcome the FSB ongoing work of the Paris Club, as i n c r e a s i n g o v e r a l l c a p i t a l consultation on proposed policy the principal international forum for requirements across the banking recommendations to address restructuring official bilateral debt, sector, while promoting a level structural vulnerabilities from asset towards the broader inclusion of playing field. We welcome the management activities. We will emerging creditors. We welcome the second annual report of the continue to closely monitor, and if admission of the Republic of Korea Financial Stability Board (FSB) on necessary, address emerging risks and the decision of Brazil to join the implementation and effects of and vulnerabilities in the financial Paris Club. We welcome China’s reforms, and will continue to system, including those associated continued regular participation in enhance the monitoring of with shadow banking, asset Paris Club meetings and intention to implementation and effects of management and other market- play a more constructive role, reforms to ensure their consistency based finance. We will continue to including further discussions on with our overall objectives, including address, through the FSB- potential membership. Following by addressing any material coordinated action plan, the decline the IMF’s decision, we welcome the unintended consequences. We will in correspondent banking services

News From China September 2016 23 G-20 Summit

so as to support remittances, area of digital financial inclusion, equal footing. We also welcome the financial inclusion, trade and and to take concrete actions to progress made on effective and openness. We look forward to accelerate progress on all people’s widespread implementation of the further efforts to clarify regulatory access to finance. internationally agreed standards on expectations, as appropriate, tax transparency and reiterate our including through the review in 19. We will continue our support call on all relevant countries October by the Financial Action for international tax cooperation to including all financial centers and Task Force (FATF) of the guidance achieve a globally fair and modern jurisdictions, which have not yet on correspondent banking. We call international tax system and to foster done so to commit without delay to on G20 members, the IMF and growth, including advancing on- implementing the standard of WBG to intensify their support for going cooperation on base erosion automatic exchange of information domestic capacity building to help and profits shifting (BEPS), by 2018 at the latest and to sign and countries improve their compliance exchange of tax information, tax ratify the Multilateral Convention on with global anti-money laundering capacity-building of developing Mutual Administrative Assistance in and countering the financing of countries and tax policies to Tax Matters. We endorse the ter rorism (AML/CFT) and promote growth and tax certainty. proposals made by the OECD prudential standards. We endorse We welcome the establishment of working with G20 members on the the G20 High-level Principles for t h e G 2 0 / O E C D I n c l u s ive objective criteria to identify non- Digital Financial Inclusion, the Framework on BEPS, and its first cooperative jurisdictions with updated version of the G20 meeting in Kyoto. We support a respect to tax transparency. We ask Financial Inclusion Indicators and timely, consistent and widespread the OECD to report back to the the Implementation Framework of implementation of the BEPS finance ministers and central bank the G20 Action Plan on SME package and call upon all relevant governors by June 2017 on the Financing. We encourage countries and interested countries and progress made by jurisdictions on to consider these principles in jurisdictions that have not yet tax transparency, and on how the devising their broader financial committed to the BEPS package to Global Forum will manage the inclusion plans, particularly in the do so and join the framework on an country review process in response

24 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit to supplementary review requests of corruption, tax evasion, terrorist impacts. countries, with a view for the OECD financing and money laundering. We 22. Recognizing the detrimental to prepare a list by the July 2017 G20 call on the FATF and the Global effects of corruption and illicit Leaders’ Summit of those Forum to make initial proposals by finance flows on equitable allocation jurisdictions that have not yet the Finance Ministers and Central of public resources, sustainable sufficiently progressed toward a Bank Governors Meeting in economic growth, the integrity of satisfactory level of implementation October on ways to improve the the global financial system and the of the agreed international implementation of the international rule of law, we will reinforce the standards on tax transparency. standards on transparency, including G 2 0 ’s e f f o r t s t o e n h a n c e Defensive measures will be on the availability of beneficial international cooperation against c o n s i d e r e d a g a i n s t l i s t e d ownership information of legal corruption, while fully respecting jurisdictions. We encourage persons and legal arrangements, and international law, human rights and countries and international its international exchange. the rule of law as well as the organizations to assist developing 21. We recognize that, in order sovereignty of each country. We economies in building their tax to support environmentally endorse the G20 High Level capacity and acknowledge the sustainable growth globally, it is Principles on Cooperation on establishment of the new Platform necessary to scale up green Persons Sought for Corruption and for Collaboration on Taxation by the financing. The development of Asset Recovery and welcome IMF, OECD, UN and WBG. We green finance faces a number of Chinese initiative to establish in support the principles of the Addis challenges, including, among others, China a Research Center on Tax Initiative. We recognize the difficulties in internalizing I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o o p e r a t i o n significant negative impact of illicit environmental externalities, Regarding Persons Sought for financial flows on our economies maturity mismatch, lack of clarity in Corruption and Asset Recovery in and we will advance the work of the green definitions, information G20 Member States, which will be G20 on this theme. We emphasize asymmetry and inadequate analytical operated in line with international the effectiveness of tax policy tools capacity, but many of these norms. We commit to continue the in supply-side structural reform for challenges can be addressed by G20 Denial of Entry Experts promoting innovation-driven, options developed in collaboration Network. Consistent with our inclusive growth, as well as the with the private sector. We welcome national legal systems, we will work benefits of tax certainty to promote the G20 Green Finance Synthesis on cross-border cooperation and investment and trade and ask the Report submitted by the Green information sharing between law OECD and IMF to continue Finance Study Group (GFSG) and enforcement and anti-corruption working on the issues of pro-growth the voluntary options developed by agencies and judicial authorities. We tax policies and tax certainty. In this the GFSG to enhance the ability of call for ratification by all the G20 connection, China would make its the financial system to mobilize members of the United Nations own contribution by establishing an private capital for green investment. Convention Against Corruption and international tax policy research We believe efforts could be made to welcome the launch of the second center for international tax policy provide clear strategic policy signals cycle of its review mechanism. We design and research. and frameworks, promote voluntary will endeavor to apply effectively the principles for green finance, expand extradition, mutual legal assistance 20. Financial transparency and learning networks for capacity and asset recovery provisions of the effective implementation of the building, support the development above Convention and other standards on transparency by all, in of local green bond markets, a p p l i c a b l e i n t e r n a t i o n a l particular with regard to the promote international collaboration conventions. We endorse the 2017- beneficial ownership of legal to facilitate cross-border investment 2018 G20 Anti-Corruption Action persons and legal arrangements, is in green bonds, encourage and Plan to improve public and private vital to protecting the integrity of facilitate knowledge sharing on sector transparency and integrity, the international financial system, environmental and financial risks, implementing our stance of zero and to preventing misuse of these and improve the measurement of tolerance against corruption, zero entities and arrangements for green finance activities and their loopholes in our institutions and

News From China September 2016 25 G-20 Summit zero barriers in our actions. We ask w i l l e x p l o r e i n n o v a t i v e the Anti-Corruption Working collaborative arrangements for Robust International Trade and G r o u p t o d e v e l o p a n international cooperation on Investment implementation plan before the end energy efficiency. We endorse the of 2016 as a flexible framework to G20 Voluntary Collaboration 25. Our growth, to be strong, carry this work forward with Action Plan on Energy Access, the must be reinforced by inclusive, renewed high-level attention and G20 Voluntary Action Plan on robust and sustainable trade and urgency. We also welcome outcomes Renewable Energy and the G20 investment growth. We note with of the London Anti-Corruption Energ y Efficiency Leading concern the slow growth in trade and Summit in May 2016 and the OECD Programme issued by the G20 investment globally and commit to Ministerial Meeting in March 2016. energy ministers and ask them to enhance an open world economy by meet regularly to follow up on the working towards trade and 23. In line with the G20 implementation of these plans. investment facilitation and P r i n c i p l e s o n E n e r g y liberalization. We recognize the Collaboration, we reaffirm our 24. We reaffirm the importance i m p o r t a n c e o f e c o n o m i c commitment to building well- of energy collaboration towards a diversification and industrial functioning, open, competitive, cleaner energy future and sustainable upgrading in developing countries to efficient, stable and transparent energy security with a view to benefit from more open global energy markets, fostering more fostering economic growth. We markets. We endorse the outcome of effective and inclusive global welcome the progress on the the G20 Trade Ministers Meeting energy architecture to better v o l u n t a r y i n t e r n a t i o n a l held in Shanghai on 9-10 July, and reflect the changing realities of the collaboration on energy efficiency in welcome the establishment of the world’s energy landscape, and six key areas, taking into G20 Trade and Investment Working shaping an affordable, reliable, consideration the policies outlined in Group (TIWG). We commit to sustainable and low greenhouse the Energy Efficiency Leading further strengthen G20 trade and gas (GHG) emissions energy Programme and in line with national investment cooperation. future while utilizing energy circumstances, including in heavy sources and technologies. We duty vehicles, and improving the 2 6 . We r e a f f i r m o u r stress that continued investment in efficiency of these vehicles. We also determination to ensure a rules- energy projects and better regional reaffirm our commitment to b a s e d , t r a n s p a r e n t , n o n - interconnection, particularly in rationalize and phase-out inefficient discriminatory, open and inclusive sustainable energ y projects, fossil fuel subsidies that encourage multilateral trading system with the remains critically important to wasteful consumption over the World Trade Organization playing ensuring future energy security medium term, recognizing the need the central role in today’s global and preventing economically to support the poor. We welcome trade. We reiterate our commitment destabilizing price spikes. We G20 countries’ progress on their to shape the post-Nairobi work with endeavor to work with Sub- commitments and look forward to development at its center and Saharan and Asia-Pacific countries further progress in the future. commit to advancing negotiations to improve universal access to Further, we encourage G20 on the remaining DDA issues as a affordable, reliable, clean, countries to consider participating in matter of priority, including all three sustainable and modern energy the voluntary peer review process. pillars of agriculture (i.e. market services, particularly by addressing Given that natural gas is a less access, domestic support and export barriers to electricity access. We emission-intensive fossil fuel, we will competition), non-agricultural e n c o u r a g e m e m b e r s t o enhance collaboration on solutions m a r k e t a c c e s s , s e r v i c e s , significantly improve energy that promote natural gas extraction, development, Agreement on Trade- efficiency based on the specific transportation, and processing in a Related Aspects of Intellectual needs and national circumstances m a n n e r t h a t m i n i m i z e s Property Rights (TRIPs) and rules. of each member and promote environmental impacts. We stress We also note that a range of issues energy conservation through the importance of diversification of may be of common interest and appropriate lifestyle changes. We energy sources and routes. importance to today’s economy, and

26 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit thus may be legitimate issues for protectionist measures till the end of excess capacity in some industries, discussions in the WTO, including 2018, reaffirm our determination to exacerbated by a weak global those addressed in regional trade deliver on them and support the economic recovery and depressed arrangements (RTAs) and by the work of the WTO, UNCTAD and market demand, have caused a B20. We will work together with all O E C D i n m o n i t o r i n g negative impact on trade and WTO members with a sense of protectionism. We emphasize that workers. We recognize that excess urgency and solidarity and with a the benefits of trade and open capacity in steel and other industries view to achieving positive outcomes markets must be communicated to is a global issue which requires of the MC11 and beyond and we will the wider public more effectively and collective responses. We also work together to further strengthen accompanied by appropriate recognize that subsidies and other the WTO. domestic policies to ensure that types of support from government benefits are widely distributed. o r g o v e r n m e n t - s p o n s o r e d 27. We commit to ratify the institutions can cause market Trade Facilitation Agreement by the 29.We endorse the G20 Strategy distortions and contribute to global end of 2016 and call on other WTO for Global Trade Growth, under excess capacity and therefore require members to do the same. We note which the G20 will lead by example attention. We commit to enhance the important role that bilateral and to lower trade costs, harness trade communication and cooperation, regional trade agreements can play in and investment policy coherence, and take effective steps to address liberalizing trade and in the boost trade in services, enhance the challenges so as to enhance development of trade rules, while trade finance, promote e-commerce market function and encourage recognizing the need to ensure they development, and address trade and adjustment. To this end, we call for are consistent with WTO rules. We development. We welcome the increased information sharing and commit to working to ensure our World Trade Outlook Indicator cooperation through the formation bilateral and regional trade released by the WTO as an of a Global Forum on steel excess agreements complement the important leading indicator of capacity, to be facilitated by the multilateral trading system, and are global trade. We endorse the G20 OECD with the active participation open, transparent, inclusive and Guiding Principles for Global of G20 members and interested WTO-consistent. WTO-consistent Investment Policymaking, which will OECD members. We look forward plurilateral trade agreements with help foster an open, transparent and to a progress report on the efforts of broad participation can play an c o n d u c t i v e g l o b a l p o l i c y the Global Forum to the relevant important role in complementing environment for investment. G20 ministers in 2017. global liberalization initiatives. G20 Environmental Goods Agreement 30. We also support policies that Inclusive and Interconnected (EGA) participants welcome the encourage firms of all sizes, in Development landing zone achieved in the WTO particular women and youth EGA negotiations, and reaffirm entrepreneurs, women-led firms and 32. Our growth, to be strong, their aim to redouble efforts to SMEs, to take full advantage of sustainable and balanced, must also bridge remaining gaps and conclude global value chains (GVCs), and that be inclusive. We are committed to an ambitious, future-oriented EGA encourage greater participation, ensuring the benefits of our growth that seeks to eliminate tariffs on a value addition and upward mobility reach all people and maximize the broad range of environmental in GVCs by developing countries, growth potential of developing and goods by the end of 2016, after particularly low-income countries low-income countries. In this finding effective ways to address the (LICs).We welcome the B20’s context, we place sustainable core concerns of participants. interest to strengthen digital trade development high on the G20 and other work and take note of it’s agenda. 28. We reiterate our opposition initiative on an Electronic World to protectionism on trade and Trade Platform (eWTP). 33. We pledge to enhance policy investment in all its forms. We c o h e r e n c e o n s u s t a i n a b l e extend our commitments to 31. We recognize that the development and reaffirm our standstill and rollback of structural problems, including commitment to further align our

News From China September 2016 27 G-20 Summit w o r k w i t h t h e u n i v e r s a l base; promoting investment in with focus on infrastructure in terms implementation of the 2030 Agenda sustainable and secure energy, of both quantity and quality. We for Sustainable Development and including renewables and energy welcome the Joint Declaration of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on efficiency; exploring ways to develop Aspirations on Actions to Support financing for development, based on c o o p e r a t i o n o n i n d u s t r i a l Infrastructure Investment by 11 the comparative advantage and the production and vocational training multilateral development banks added value of the G20 and in and sustainable and resilient ( M D B s ) , i n c l u d i n g t h e i r accordance with our national infrastructure and industries; announcements of quantitative circumstances, while acknowledging supporting industrialization through ambitions for high-quality that the global follow-up and review trade in accordance with WTO rules; infrastructure projects within their of the 2030 Agenda is a UN-led and leveraging domestic and external respective institutional mandates as process. We commit to contributing finance and supporting equitable well as their efforts to maximize the to the implementation of the 2030 access to finance - with a focus on quality of infrastructure projects, Agenda by setting an example women and youth; and promoting strengthen project pipelines, through bold, transformative science, technology and innovation collaborate further among existing collective and intended national a s c r i t i c a l m e a n s f o r and new MDBs, strengthen the actions in a wide range of areas. By industrialization. e n a b l i n g e n v i r o n m e n t f o r endorsing the G20 Action Plan on infrastructure investment in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable 36. We will continue our work developing countries, as well as Development which also includes on addressing cross-border financial catalyze private resources. We stress high-level principles, we reaffirm flows derived from illicit activities, the impor tance of quality our commitment to achieve the i n c l u d i n g d e l i b e r a t e t r a d e infrastructure investment, which ambition of the 2030 Agenda. We misinvoicing, which hampers the aims to ensure economic efficiency note the Addis Tax Initiative, mobilization of domestic resources in view of life-cycle cost, safety, welcome the establishment of the for development, and welcome the resilience against natural disaster, job Technology Facilitation Mechanism communication and coordination creation, capacity building, and and stress the importance of w i t h t h e Wo r l d C u s t o m s transfer of expertise and know-how e n h a n c e d c o o p e r a t i o n o n Organization for a study report in on mutually agreed terms and t e ch n o l o g i e s t o a ch i e v i n g this regard following the Hangzhou conditions, while addressing social sustainable development. Summit. and environmental impacts and aligning with economic and 34. We welcome the Hangzhou 37. We acknowledge the development strategies. We welcome Comprehensive Accountability important role of inclusive business the MDB Response to the G20 Report on G20 Development in development, and welcome the MDB Balance Sheet Optimization Commitments, which reflects our establishment of the G20 Global Action Plan and call for further progress already made over the Platform on Inclusive Business and implementation of the Action Plan. period of 2014-2016. its future actions. We welcome the We note that infrastructure G20 Inclusive Business Report for connectivity is key to achieving 35. We launch the G20 Initiative the 2016 Summit. sustainable development and shared on Supporting Industrialization in prosperity. We endorse the Global Africa and LDCs to strengthen their 38. We will fulfill our collective Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance inclusive growth and development commitment to achieve a successful launched this year to enhance the potential through voluntary policy 18th replenishment of the synergy and cooperation among options including: promoting Inter national Development various infrastructure connectivity inclusive and sustainable structural Association, as well as 14th programs in a holistic way. We ask transfor mation; suppor ting replenishment of the African the WBG to serve as the Secretariat sustainable agriculture, agri-business Development Fund. of the Alliance, working closely with and agro-industry development; the Global Infrastructure Hub deepening, broadening and updating 3 9 . We r e a f f i r m o u r (GIH), OECD, other MDBs, and the local knowledge and production commitment to promote investment interested G20 members to support

28 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit its activities. We endorse the c o m m i t m e n t s i n t h e G 2 0 and poverty alleviation. We support G20/OECD Guidance Note on Entrepreneurship Action Plan, and increasing efforts in this regard by Diversification of Financial welcome China’s contribution in the the agricultural scientific and private Instruments for Infrastructure and e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a n sectors and welcome the opening of SMEs and we welcome the Entrepreneurship Research Center the First G20 Ag ricultural A n n o t a t e d P u b l i c - P r i v a t e on G20 Economies. We also endorse Entrepreneurs Forum. We recognize Partnership (PPP) Risk Allocation the G20 Initiative to Promote the role of family farmers and Matrices completed by the GIH to Quality Apprenticeship with policy s m a l l h o l d e r a g r i c u l t u r e i n help developing countries better priorities of increasing the quantity, development, and welcome the assess infrastructure risks. We q u a l i t y a n d d i v e r s i t y o f Good Practices on Family Farming s u p p o r t t h e e f f e c t i v e apprenticeships. We will further and Smallholder Agriculture that implementation of the G20/OECD develop the G20 employment plans identifies a set of policies, programs P r i n c i p l e s o f C o r p o r a t e i n 2 0 1 7 t o a d d r e s s t h e s e and tools that can prove useful to Governance and G20/OECD commitments and monitor progress G20 members and beyond. We High-level Principles on SME in a systemic and transparent welcome the contribution by Financing and look forward to the manner in achieving the G20 goals programs and initiatives that revision of the assessment especially on youth employment and promote sustainable agricultural methodology of the G20/OECD female labor participation. We development, including the Global Principles of the Corporate recognize strengthened labor market Agriculture and Food Security Governance, which will be informed institutions and policies can support Program. by an FSB peer review on corporate productivity and promote decent governance. work, and therefore higher, Further Significant Global sustainable wage growth, in Challenges Affecting the World 4 0 . G e n e r a t i n g q u a l i t y particular for the low-income Economy employment is indispensable for workers. We recognize the sustainable development and is at i m p o r t a n c e o f a d d r e s s i n g 42. The outcome of the the center of the G20’s domestic and opportunities and challenges r e f e r e n d u m o n t h e U K ’s global agenda. We will work to brought into the labor market membership of the EU adds to the ensure the benefits from economic through labor migration as well- uncertainty in the global economy. g r ow t h , g l o b a l i z a t i o n a n d managed migration can bring Members of the G20 are well technological innovation are widely potential benefits to economies and positioned to proactively address the shared, creating more and better societies. potential economic and financial jobs, reducing inequalities and consequences stemming from the promoting inclusive labor force 41. The G20 will continue to referendum. In the future, we hope participation. We endorse the prioritize its work on food security, to see the UK as a close partner of strategies, action plans and initiatives nutrition, sustainable agricultural the EU. developed by G20 labor and growth and rural development as a employment ministers to enhance significant contribution to 4 3 . We r e i t e r a t e o u r the growth and development agenda implementing the 2030 Agenda for commitment to sustainable by taking effective actions to address Sustainable Development. We development and strong and changes in skill needs, support endorse the outcome of the G20 effective support and actions to entrepreneurship and employability, Agriculture Ministers Meeting and address climate change. We commit foster decent work, ensure safer encourage our agriculture ministers to complete our respective domestic workplaces including within global to meet regularly to jointly facilitate procedures in order to join the Paris supply chains and strengthen social sustainable agricultural development Agreement as soon as our national protection systems. We endorse and food value chains, including procedures allow. We welcome those Sustainable Wage Policy Principles. through technological, institutional G20 members who joined the We recognize entrepreneurship is an and social innovation, trade and Agreement and efforts to enable the important driver for job creation and responsible investment, as a means Paris Agreement to enter into force economic growth, reinforce our of food security, rural development by the end of 2016 and look forward

News From China September 2016 29 G-20 Summit to its timely implementation with all support the international efforts to its operational plan. We call on the its aspects. We affir m the respond to the ongoing crisis and FATF to reflect by March 2017 on importance of fulfilling the note the upcoming high-level ways to progress in strengthening its U N F C C C c o m m i t m e n t b y meetings which will take place traction capacity and enhanced developed countries in providing during the UN General Assembly. effectiveness of the network of means of implementation including We note the World Bank’s effort to FATF and FATF-style regional financial resources to assist work with other international bodies. developing countries with respect to organizations and its shareholders to both mitigation and adaptation develop a global crisis response 46. Antimicrobial resistance actions in line with Paris outcomes. platform to provide support to (AMR) poses a serious threat to We reaffirm the importance of the refugees and host communities in public health, growth and global support provided by the Green both low and middle income economic stability. We affirm the Climate Fund. We welcome the G20 countries. The G20 will continue to need to explore in an inclusive Climate Finance Study Group address forced displacement in 2017 manner to fight antimicrobial report on “Promoting Efficient and with a view to developing concrete resistance by developing evidence- Transparent Provision and actions. The G20 will also examine based ways to prevent and mitigate Mobilization of Climate Finance to migration issues in 2017. resistance, and unlock research and Enhance Ambition of Mitigation development into new and existing and Adaptation Actions”. We look 45. We strongly condemn antimicrobials from a G20 value- forward to successful outcomes in terrorism in all forms and added perspective, and call on the related multilateral fora, including manifestations, which poses serious WHO, FAO, OIE and OECD to the Montreal Protocol and the challenges to international peace and collectively report back in 2017 on International Civil Aviation security and endangers our ongoing options to address this including the Organization. efforts to strengthen the global economic aspects. In this context, we economy and ensure sustainable will promote prudent use of 44. Worldwide massive forced growth and development. We a n t i b i o t i c s a n d t a k e i n t o d i s p l a c e m e n t o f p e o p l e , reaffirm our solidarity and resolve in consideration huge challenges of unprecedented since the Second the fight against terrorism in all its affordability and access of World War, especially those forms and wherever it occurs. We will antimicrobials and their impact on generated from violent conflicts, is a tackle all sources, techniques and public health. We strongly support global concern. We reiterate our call channels of terrorist financing, the work of the WHO, FAO and the in Antalya for global concerted including extortion, taxation, OIE and look forward to a successful efforts in addressing the effects, smuggling of natural resources, bank high-level meeting on AMR during protection need and root causes of looting, looting of cultural property, the UN General Assembly. We look refugee crisis to share in the burden external donation, and kidnapping forward to the discussion under the associated with it. We call for for ransom. In confronting upcoming presidency for dealing strengthening humanitarian terrorism, we remain committed to with these issues. assistance for refugees and refugee effectively exchanging information, resettlement, and we invite all states, freezing terrorist assets, and 47. We reaffirm that the G20’s according to their individual criminalizing terrorist financing. We founding spirit is to bring together capacity, to scale up assistance to call for the swift, effective and the major economies on an equal relevant international organizations universal implementation of the footing to catalyze action. Once we in order to enhance their capabilities FATF standards and of the agree, we will deliver. to assist affected countries, provisions of the UN Security intensifying efforts to find durable Council resolution 2253 worldwide. 48. We thank China for hosting a solutions, in particular for We welcome the progress achieved successful Hangzhou Summit and its protracted refugee situations, and in by the FATF in the implementation contribution to the G20 process, and this regard, strengthening the of its new Consolidated Strategy on look forward to meeting again in contribution of development Combating Terrorist Financing and Germany in 2017 and in Argentina assistance to host communities. We call for effective implementation of in 2018.

30 News From China September 2016 G-20 Summit G20 SUMMIT CHARTS COURSE FOR WORLD GROWTH: STATE COUNCILOR

The G20 Hangzhou summit, “The Hangzhou summit has and growth, and sent a strong signal with its broad achievements, will made major breakthroughs in extent that China will bring more help chart a clearer future course for and depth of outcomes, which sets a opportunities to the world while the troubled world economy, State new global standard,” Yang said. ensuring its own development,” Councilor Yang Jiechi noted on Yang said. Sept.6,2016. As the G20 presidency country, China has proposed its solution and In the speech, Xi listed a number The summit, which concluded wisdom for global economic of priorities in global economic on Monday, adopted a communique growth. governance, including ensuring that clarified the development equitable and efficient global direction, targets and measures of In a speech on Saturday, financial governance and fostering the group’s cooperation, together President Xi Jinping assured global open and transparent global trade with a string of specific action plans. business leaders with a vision that and investment governance China, having reached a new “The outcomes of the summit, historical starting point, will Exclusive arrangements, closed many of which are of pioneering integrate itself into a new global governance mechanisms and significance in the history of the growth blueprint. fragmentation of rules shall be G20, are expected to make the global rejected, Xi said. economy regain its vitality,” Yang Despite concerns over China’s told reporters in an interview. economic slowdown, Xi said at the The president’s elaboration on Business 20 (B20) summit that China global governance showed China is The summit showed a spirit of has the confidence and ability to devoted to contribute its concepts partnership for major economies to maintain medium-high rate of and wisdom to the world economic jointly face up to the complicated growth. growth, Yang reckoned. challenges and their confidence in weathering the hard times, he said. “His remarks strengthened Yang said China will continue to confidence in China’s development push forward the comprehensive By offering the solutions of development of the Belt and Road innovation and reform, the summit Initiative. adopted the G20 Blueprint on The summit, which Innovative Growth and formulated concluded on Monday, With members representing pragmatic action plans such as the adopted a communique more than 85 percent of global G20 Action Plan on the 2030 t h a t c l a r i f i e d t h e economic output and two-thirds of A g e n d a f o r S u s t a i n a b l e development direction, the world’s population, G20 has an Development, to deliver the undeniable influence on managing consensus. targets and measures of the global economy. t h e g r o u p ’ s c o - Leaders discussed prominent operation, together with With Hangzhou as a fresh issues affecting the global economy, a string of specific starting point, Yang expects the including climate change and group to play a more constructive refugees. action plans. role in future world growth.

News From China September 2016 31 Yang Jeichi’s Visit to India Yang Jeichi’s Visit to India CHINA, INDIA VOW TO ADVANCE COOPERATION AMONG BRICS NATIONS

When attending the 6th meeting in India’s Goa a success and inject Narendra Modi said the BRICS of BRICS senior representatives on new dynamism into the BRICS nations are playing an increasingly security issues, Chinese State cooperation, he added. constructive role in international Councilor Yang Jiechi said that As the BRICS’ chairman next affairs. leaders of BRICS nations reached year, China will make good He expressed his belief that the consensus on furthering BRICS preparations for the BRICS summit BRICS summit in Goa could yield cooperation when they met on the a n d m e e t i n g s o f s e n i o r practical results and cement friendly sidelines of the G20 summit in representatives on security and relations among the BRICS nations China’s eastern city of Hangzhou foreign ministers of BRICS nations, so as to enhance the influence of earlier this month. said Yang. developing countries and emerging China is ready to make joint When meeting representatives economies. efforts with other BRICS nations to from BRICS nations for the security The BRICS nations group make the upcoming BRICS summit meeting, Indian Prime Minister Brazil, Russia, India, China and

32 News From China September 2016 Yang Jeichi’s Visit to India

South Africa. with India to implement the For his part, Doval said as Also on Sept.15, Chinese State consensus reached by the leaders of neighbors and the largest developing Councilor Yang met with Indian the two countries, deepen mutual countries in the world, India and National Security Advisor Ajit political trust, expand pragmatic China have great potential for Doval. cooperation and friendly exchanges, cooperation. The Chinese state councilor said and properly handle sensitive issues India is willing to boost political development of bilateral ties in order to push forward the communication, expand pragmatic between the two countries have development of bilateral ties in the c o o p e r a t i o n a n d p r o m o t e maintained good momentum. right direction and promote Asia’s cooperation and coordination with Chinese President Xi Jinping development and prosperity.” China within the framework of G20 and Indian Prime Minister Modi Yang said BRICS has witnessed and BRICS so as to press ahead with held talks at the G20 summit in 10 years of fruitful cooperation co m m o n d evel o p m en t a n d Hangzhou, setting the direction for among its member states, and China safeguard common interests of the the development of bilateral ties for will fully support India’s efforts to two countries. the next phase, Yang said. host the BRICS summit in Goa “China is willing to join hands successfully. CHINA WILLING TO ENHANCE COOPERATION WITH INDIA'S STATE OF MAHARASHTRA: CHINESE STATE COUNCILOR China is ready to further Sept.16 , 2016. build a closer development e n h a n c e c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h Yang made the remarks when he partnership, Yang said, noting that India’s State of Maharashtra to met with Governor of Maharashtra exchanges and cooperation in achieve mutual beneficial and State Chennamaneni Vidyasagar various fields between the two win-win results, Chinese State Rao in Mumbai. countries are expanding. Councilor Yang Jiechi said on China and India are working to At the same time, the

News From China September 2016 33 Yang Jeichi’s Visit to India

cooperation between China and enhance economic and trade relations. India’s State of Maharashtra is in an contacts and promote people-to- Yang also held talks with active momentum, with cooperation people exchanges with China, and representatives from India’s carried out in various fields with make greater contribution to the business and culture circles . high quality, said Yang. development of China-India He said China is willing to boost cooperation with the state in such fields as technology, information industry and climate change, among others. Yang expressed hope that the State of Maharashtra would continue to give play to its unique advantages, offer more convenient administrative services and good legal safeguard to Chinese enterprises, create favorable business environment, and set an example for expanding the China- India pragmatic cooperation. For his part, Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao said the state of Maharashtra is ready to further

34 News From China September 2016 China-India Relations China-India Relations CHINA SUPPORTS THE NOTION OF TWO- STEP APPROACH WITHIN THE NUCLEAR SUPPLIERS GROUP TO EXPLORE A NON- DISCRIMINATORY FORMULA APPLICABLE TO ALL NON-NPT STATES

On September 13, 2016, China discussions within the Group. various aspects. China has hitherto and India held a fresh round of arms not yet taken a position on any control consultation in New Delhi. The two sides realized that the country-specific membership in the The consultation was co-chaired by question of the non-NPT states’ category of the non-NPT states. Ambassador Wang Qun, Director- participation is, in essence, a And China supports the notion of General of Ar ms Control multilateral issue, and can only be two-step approach within the Group Department of the Chinese Foreign subject to multilateral solution by the to address the above question, i.e., at Ministry, and Mr. Amandeep Singh Group. Bilateral exchanges should the first stage, to explore and reach G i l l , Jo i n t S e c r e t a r y f o r serve to facilitate the relevant agreement on a non-discriminatory Disarmament and International discussions within the Group. formula applicable to all the non- Security of the Indian Ministry of NPT states, and to proceed to take External Affairs. The two sides China pointed out that the issue up country-specific membership exchanged views on issues of of the non-NPT states’ participation issues at the second stage. China, for common concern in this field. in the NSG raises new questions for its part, expressed its readiness to the Group under the new actively participate in the above On the question of non-NPT circumstances, and the crux of the process within the Group. states’ participation in the Nuclear above question is how to address the Suppliers Group (NSG), given that it gap between the existing policies and The two sides also had in-depth is an issue of major concern to India, practices of the non-NPT states and discussions on issues related to cyber China, for its part, shared with India the existing international non- security and the work of the the recent developments as it sees proliferation rules and norms based Conference on Disarmament. within the Group in relation to the on the NPT as the cornerstone. question. China also shared with India China wishes to see early The two sides believed that the its principled positions and views on commencement of an open and consultation is positive, candid, the above question. In the meantime, transparent inter-governmental pragmatic and constructive. The two China listened to and had the inputs process to undertake, in accordance sides expressed the wish to intensify from India on this issue, and indicated with the mandate adopted by the their exchanges on the relevant that it will bring such views and inputs NSG at its Seoul Plenary meeting, a issues. They also agreed to hold the back to the Group for its comprehensive and thorough study next round of consultation in China consideration. China hopes the above on the question of the non-NPT in due course, to be decided through inputs will help facilitate the relevant states’ participation in the NSG in diplomatic channels.

News From China September 2016 35 China-India Relations JOINT STATEMENT OF THE 8TH CHINA-INDIA FINANCIAL DIALOGUE Beijing, August 19, 2016

The eighth China-India agreed to strengthen regular pilot. Financial Dialogue (hereinafter the communication and coordination at “Dialogue”) was held in Beijing on various levels on macro-economic China will continue to carry out 19th August, 2016, between the policies, major international proactive fiscal policy including Ministry of Finance of the People’s economic and financial issues and implementing tax cuts and fee Republic of China (hereinafter bilateral financial cooperation. reduction policies, ensuring public “China”) and the Ministry of spending, and encouraging more Finance of the Republic of India 1. Macro-economic situation private investment in real economy (hereinafter “India”). and policy and weak areas. China will continue with its prudent monetary policy and The Chinese delegation was led 1.1 Both sides recognize that to maintain moderate t1exibility to by Mr. Shi Yaobin, Vice Minister, global economic recovery is still create a neutral moderate monetary Ministry of Finance and the Indian fragile with downside risks environment for structural reforms. delegation was led by Mr. remaining high. Volatility in financial China will further supply side Shaktikanta Das, Secretar y, markets has also intensified. Under structural reforms, deepen reforms Economic Affairs, Ministry of these circumstances, China and in key areas such as public finance Finance. The list of members of India call for greater international and taxation, finance and state- both delegations is appended to this coordination on economic policies, owned enterprises, comprehensively Joint Statement. particularly in the implementation implement five key tasks, namely of policy measures adopted by the cutting overcapacity, destocking, de- Based on the MoD on G20 to boost g rowth and leveraging, reducing costs, and ‘Launching the Financial Dialogue employment for promoting strong, improving weak links. China will between the Republic of India and sustainable and balanced growth of improve efficiency of resource the People’s Republic of China’ the world economy. allocation and promote new drivers signed in April, 2005, the two sides of growth through effective market have successfully held seven rounds 1.2 Both sides recognize the competition. of dialogues in April of 2006, importance of sound macro- December of 2007, January of 2009, economic policies and sustained 1.3 On behalf of India, it is September of 2010, November of structural reforms for improving stated that notwithstanding the 2011, September of2013 and long-term growth prospects. On persistence of global economic December of2014. behalf of China, it is stated that meltdown, India’s economic China’s economy is operating fundamentals remain strong. India During this Dialogue, the two smoothly with steady progress in has adopted bold macro-economic, sides held in-depth discussions on structural adjustment, improved fiscal management and structural new challenges facing the global corporate performance, and stable reform policies that seek to attain the e c o n o my, m a c r o - e c o n o m i c prices and employment. Positive twin objectives of inclusive situations and policies in China and achievements have been made in development and high, sustained India, progress on structural structural reforms with a sound economic growth. The Government refor ms in both countries, momentum of the development of has committed to maintaining fiscal cooperation under multilateral new economy, notably the recent responsibility while also taking frameworks as well as bilateral overall implementation of VAT measures aimed at boosting financial cooperation. Both sides reform built on its earlier successful investments, controlling int1ation,

36 News From China September 2016 China-India Relations creating high quality infrastructure generate better jobs, and build the Reserve Arrangement (CRA) to and ensuring comprehensive social foundation for long-term growth. maintain financial stability. security for the poor. The Both sides commit to further 3. Bilateral fiscal and Government has also taken collaborating towards a successful financial cooperation initiatives to improve the G20 Summit in Hangzhou this 3.1 Both sides welcome the first performance of the manufacturing September. meeting of the G20/0ECD sector and liberalized several Inclusive Framework on BEPS held sectoral caps in FDI. Following 2.1.2 Both sides stand ready to in Kyoto and call upon all relevant enactment of a new Insolvency and work with other BRlCS member and interested countries and Bankruptcy law in the Budget (2016- countries, to promote positive jurisdictions that have not yet 17) session of the Indian Parliament, outcomes of the Goa Summit and committed to the BEPS package to the passage of the Goods and next year’s BRlCS Summit, and to do so and join the framework on Services Tax (GST) Bill earlier this further improve the mechanism of equal footing. Both sides recognize month by Parliament has given a BRlCS Finance Ministers and the important role of tax policies in major path-breaking boost to Central Bank Governors Meeting, our broader agenda on strong, structural reforms in India. GST is continuously advance BRlCS sustainable and balanced growth and one of the most significant tax cooperation and inject new impetus of a fair and efficient international refor ms in the histor y of into economic and financial tax environment in diminishing the independent India. The effect of collaboration. conflict among tax systems. sequenced economic reforms undertaken in the last two years have 2.2 Both sides agree to jointly 3.2 Both sides recognize the started to reflect in pick up in growth e n c o u r a g e M u l t i l a t e r a l importance of strengthened and the full effect is expected to be Development Banks (MDBs) to economic cooperation in the seen at the end of the current optimize their balance sheets, scale expansion of bilateral trade and fmancial year in the overall GDP up capital base, increase lending investment. The two sides agree to growth. India remains committed capacity, support infrastructure maintain close communication, and towards strengthening and investment, and promote south- work for more opportunities and deepening its reform process. south cooperation. better environment to enhance bilateral economic cooperation. 1.4 The two sides agree to 2.2.1 Both sides agree to Financial regulators from both actively explore opportunities for encourage the World Bank Group countries exchanged views on cooperation in the process of their ( W B G ) t o i m p l e m e n t i t s market access regulation policies for respective structural reforms. shareholding review according to the foreign banks and agreed to continue agreed roadmap and timeframe and the discussions on issues of 2 . C o o p e r a t i o n u n d e r achieve expected outcomes, to infrastructure investment and multilateral frameworks i m p r o v e t h e v o i c e a n d financing. representativeness ofthe developing 2.1 Both sides acknowledge the countries. 3.2.1 Both sides agree to e f f e c t i ve n e s s o f b i l a t e r a l continue strengthening financial coordination under multilateral 2.2.2 Both sides agree to investment cooperation. The frameworks such as the G-20, strengthen coordination and Chinese side requested that BRlCS and international financial cooperation under the framework of investment in listed Indian institutions. Asian Infrastructure Investment companies by distinct Chinese Bank(AIIB) and New Development entities like China National Council 2.1.1 Both sides agree to work Bank(NDB), and commit to build for Social Security fund, China t o g e t h e r t o p r o m o t e t h e AIIB and NDB into 21st century Investment Corporation and State implementation of the important new Multilateral Development Administration of Foreign consensus reached in the G-20 Banks together with other members. Exchange is not clubbed for the S u m m i t s , s t r e n g t h e n t h e purposes of defining beneficial momentum of global recovery, push 2.2.3 Both sides will continue to ownership. for faster economic growth, make progress on the Contingent

News From China September 2016 37 China-India Relations

3.2.2 The Chinese side branch in Mumbai. Both sides reiterate their requested an increase in the cap for commitment to strengthen the foreign institutional investors in 3.2.4 Both sides agree to China-India Financial Dialogue, Indian government bonds. strengthen communication and enhance mutual cooperation, cooperation In infrastructure and deepen mutual trust, and promote 3.2.3 Both sides agree to industrial zones, by exploring bilateral communication and continue to promote cooperation investment/fmancing modes, and economic cooperation. Both sides between financial institutions from joint working mechanisms in this agreed to hold the 9th India-China the two countries and provide better field. Financial Dialogue in 2017 in New financing services to facilitate Delhi. substantial cooperation in the real 3.2.5 The Indian side expressed economy. The Indian side noted the concern over the problems being Signed in Beijing on 19th request from the Chinese side for an faced by the State Bank of India in August, 2016 in two originals, in the early resolution of the pending invoking counter guarantees from English language, all texts being decision on the application by the some Chinese banks. equally authentic. Bank of China for establishing a

On behalf ofthe Government of On behalf ofthe Government of the People's Republic of China the Republic of India

Shi Yaobin Shaktikanta Das Vice Minister, Secretary (Economic Affairs), Ministry of Finance Ministry of Finance FOLK AMBASSADOR OF CHINA-INDIA FRIENDSHIP – Letter between Chinese Embassy in India and Indian Kailash Manasarovar Yatris

On August 20,2016, one of Indian friend ended the letter with New Delhi at the end of this Indian Kailash Manasarovar Yatris sincere wishes for India-China September. wrote to Mr. Liu Jinsong, Charge friendship by saying “we wish to The full text of the reply letter d’Affaires of the Chinese Embassy h a v e m o r e c o m f o r t a b l e by Mr. Liu Jinsong is as following: in India to express thankfulness for environment between both the Mr. Liu’s calling before the fourth countries in future”. “ Dear Indian Friend, batch of Yatra set out their journey On August 29, Mr. Liu Jinsong I’m very glad to hear from you. to Chinese Tibet and share the wrote back to the Indian friend, Your letter transported me back to happiness of completing the Yatra emphasizing the endeavor of the the nice time in Delhi with you and smoothly. It was written in the letter leaders, governments and peoples of other friends of the Batch No. 4 that “with your good wishes and China and India on the new Kailash Manasarovar Yatris via blessing of God Shiva, our Yatra pilgrimate route laid a solid Nathu La Pass-the new pilgrim completed without any difficulties.”, foundation for the smooth Yatra, route, before you set out on the “everything was normal fare and and naming Indian yatris to Kailash journey. lovely”, “the accommodation Manasarovar as folk Ambassadors I am happy from the bottom of facilities developed on the way is also of China-India friendship. Mr. Liu my heart to learn that your Yatra very nice”, and “during our Chinese also invited the Indian friend and his completed without any difficulties. Tibet stay, we all were very much family to attend the Reception for Beside “blessing of god” mentioned comfortable everywhere”. The Chinese Natioanl Day to be held in in your letter, the endeavor of the

38 News From China September 2016 China-India Relations leaders, governments and peoples vegetarian diet sponsored, by the envisage a better and brighter future, of China and India on the new Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, not only for China and India, but pilgrim route also laid a solid the Chinese Embassy in India and also for Asia and the world. foundation for the smooth Yatra. local governments in the Tibet You and other Indian friends In September 2014, President Xi Autonomous Region with joint travelling to Kailash Manasarovar Jinping and Prime Minister Narendra efforts. are not just yatris, but also modern Modi reached an important What you mentioned in the Indian “Xuanzang” and folk consensus in opening the new letter, such as “the accommodation a m b a s s a d o r s t a k i n g t h e prigrimage route of Kailah facilities developed on the way is responsibility of passing friendship Manasarovar Yatra via Nathu La Pass. very nice” and “you are very much of the two peoples from generation Before the opening of the new comfortable everywhere”, is the to generation. route in 2015, an advance team led highest praise to us. And we will I sincerely invite you and your by the then Chinese Ambassador Le continue to provide best services for family to attend the National Day Yucheng took a ground paving the Yatra in the future. Reception held by the Chinese mission along the new pilgrimage I really appreciated your best embassy in Delhi at the end of route. wishes for the China-India September. Despite adverse natural friendship. I look forward to seeing you conditions and very limited time, new China and India are close soon in Delhi. reception centers and hotels were neighbours and enjoy close Yours sincerely built, roads and bridges constructed, connections. We share mountains Liu Jinsong professional guides and interpreters and rivers, history and culture, and a Charge d’Affaires of the Chinese trained, stay points and medical bright future as well. China and India Embassy in India “ emergency service prepared, gratis account for more than one third of visa provided efficiently, and Indian the total population of the world. (Note: the Indian friend’s name was chef cooking authentic Indian Joining hands together, we may removed)

News From China September 2016 39 China-India Relations THE SPIRIT OF LAW AND CHINA-INDIA COOPERATION

—Remarks by Liu Jinsong, Charge d'affaires of the Embassy of P.R. China in India at Gujarat National Law University August 31, 2016, Gujarat

Honorable Dr. Bimal N Patel, Good Morning! and students of law. When I was Director of Gujarat National Law studying at the Fletcher School of University, It’s a pleasure to speak at the Law and Diplomacy of Tufts Gujarat National Law University. I’d University, I managed to take all the Honorable Professor Thomas like to start by thanking Professor courses, including the difficult Mathew, Registrar of GNLU Dr. Bimal N. Patel for his gracious advanced mathematics, but gave up invitation. law courses, as there were too many Faculties and students of stuff to read and remember and too GNLU, I have great respect for teachers much homework involved. Besides,

40 News From China September 2016 China-India Relations law professors were always too guideline, Didi, the leader in tailored Buddhism to ensure the sound serious and seldom smiled. taxi services industry, plans to merge development of Buddhism in China. with Uber’s China branch. The new He then went through many This respect is also based on the platform will have over 20 million hardships and returned to China by fact that founding fathers of registered drivers and 400 millions sea. Buddhism originated in India independent India like Mahatma users. Indian friends found China’s and master Faxian contributed Gandhi, Nehru, Ambedkar and pioneering efforts and the fact that a greatly to its spread to China. Sardar Patel were all students of law. local Chinese enterprise merging an Many political figures in today’s international one very novel, there Some say that the concept of Indian politics, including Finance have beena lot of media coverage law comes from western countries Minister Arun Jaitley and External and commentsin the Indian media, and the Code of Hammurabi of Minister Swaraj, all have law and the Chinese experiences were ancient Babylon and Aristotle of background. Chinese President Xi regarded as valuable reference points Greece are the sources of law, I don’t Jinping is a doctor of law and for India. agree with that. As two great ancient Premier Li Keqiang has a master’s civilizations, the maturelegal codes degree in law. Chinese foreign minister Wang and thoughts of ruling the country Yi called on Prime Minister Modi by law are the features of our The motto of GNLU “Let all during his visit to India 2 weeks ago. civilizations. India has a long history good and noble thoughts come to us The first message he sent to Prime of legal culture. The Indian people from all directions” resembles the Minister Modi was that he took note compiled one of the oldest legal Chinese traditional philosophy of of the passing of GST constitutional literature covering criminal law, civil “learn from others’ strength” and amendment bill at Rajya Sabha, l a w a n d j u d i c i a l s y s t e m , represent the fine norms for which representeda breakthrough in contributinga lot to the forming of learning, conduct and diplomacy. India’s reform efforts and would give legal systems inIndia and South East Prime Minister Modi cared much a boost to India’s economy and Asia. Indian, Chinese and Islamic about this university as Chief attract more investments form legal systems are the three most Minister of Gujarat and made china. During his visit, Mr. Han important legal systems in the several visits here. Hon’ble Supreme Zheng, Secretary of the Chinese ancient Oriental world. In China, Li Court Judge Mr. Thakur and Communist Par ty Shanghai Li of the Warring States period Finance Minister Jaitley also paid Municipal Committee, exchanged compiled China’s first systematic visits to this university. With support ideas with the Indian side onChina’s legal code “Fa Jing” 2400 years ago from all quarters, particularly reform program to replace the o n t h e b a s i s o f l a w - through your own efforts, the business tax with a value-added tax. makingexperience of other university quickly gained fame Prime Minister Modi asked many kingdoms, which established the among Indian law schools and questions about it and got good basic principles and system of ranked 4th among law schools in the answers. China’s ancient legal code. About w h o l e c o u n t r y i n 2 0 1 6 . 800 years ago, Song Ci of Song Congratulations! There were exchanges on legal Dynasty started forensic toxicology questions between India and China and wrote a specialized book on it. The legal field is an area of long time ago. Chinese people always commoninterests ofthe Chinese and call Buddhist teachings as the law of The Chinese character “law” is a Indian people. The Chinese Buddha. The pilgrimage of master combination of “water” and government formulated a standard Xuanzang coming to India for “mythological animal”. Water means guideline for online car-hailing Buddhist Sutras 13 centuries ago equity while the mythological animal service in this July, which stipulated were quite popular among the represents power and prestige. It is that qualified private vehicles can Chinese people, btw, Xuanzang had believed that the mythological engage in online car-hailing services astopover in Gujarat. Two centuries animal can distinguish between good according to certain procedures, before Xuanzang, master Faxian and evil and right and wrong, once a making China the first country to came to India by the silk road, with corrupt official is found, the legalize online car-hailing services. the determination to master a mythological animal will knock him After the introduction of this new complete discipline of Indian down by its horn and eat him. It is

News From China September 2016 41 China-India Relations like the sacred cow in India. enforced, with the total amount China-India relations. This book, exceeding 60 million dollars. Nearly Important Documents on Relations The spirit of law, including the 1.1 million criminal cases of second between the People’s Republic of principle of “all are equal before the instance trial were concluded and China and the Republic of India, law”, is thebasic principle of 1.23 million criminals were brought covers more than 20 important governance in India and China. As to justice. agreements since the establishment Prime Minister Modi said, India and of China-India diplomatic ties. China are “two bodies, one spirit”, C h i n a h a s z e r o this common spirit includes the toleranceforcorrupt officials, and In the 1954 Joint Statement of spirit of law. We have many crack down on the “flies” and the China and India, our leaders put differences in our legal system, but “tigers” alike. Last year, judicial forward the idea of Five Principles we are same in terms of legal spirit authorities in China initiated public of Peaceful Coexistence: Mutual and principles, which are to punish prosecution on 22 former ministerial respect for each other’s territorial the evil and uphold the righteous, and abovelevel officials according to integrity and sovereignty; Non- maintaining public order and serve law, and court at different levels aggression; Non-interference in the public. concluded 34 thousand bribery and each other’s internal affairs; Equality corruption cases involving 49 and mutual benefit; Peaceful Governing by law is the essence thousand offenders. The upcoming coexistence. This is a great of the contemporary Chinese G20 summit to be held in Hangzhou contribution to the international law political civilization and the principle will deliver new outcomes on anti- system and a major development for of the ruling party. In 2004, the corruption. the norms of international relations. principle of respecting and China has introduced the Five protecting human right was Since 1978, China has ratified Principles of Peaceful Coexistence enshrined in the Constitution of and joined 26 international human into our constitution, and in New China as a basic civic right. The rights conventions including Delhi there is a street called constitution provides for freedom Inter national Covenant on Panchsheel Marg. While attending of religion, press, assembly, Economic, Social and Cultural the meeting marking the 60th association and procession and Rights (ICESCR). Nearly 160 laws anniversary of Five Principles of stresses inviolability of public and and regulations have been Peaceful Coexistence, Shri. Vice private property and personal for mulated by the Chinese President Ansari said that the Five liberty. Citizens who have reached government involving all aspects Principles has eternal vitality and the the age of 18 have the right to vote such as civic rights, political rights, international community must and stand for election, regardless of protection of rights for women, uphold them to jointly address ethnic status, race, sex or religious children, senior citizen, the disabled global challenges, ensure peace, belief. and so on. stability, prosperity and security of the world. Chinese constitution also China has joined more than 100 provides for equal rights of women inter-governmental organizations Indeed, the law of the jungle and with men, the principle of equal pay and ratified nearly 300 international gunboat diplomacy should not be for equal work to men and women treaties. Through diplomatic followed in the 21st century, and alike and the mechanism of the state n e g o t i a t i o n , t h e C h i n e s e world affairs should not be to train and select cadres from government resumed sovereignty dominated by one or two countries among women. over Hong Kong and Macau by or country blocks. We should focus political and legal means, and ratified more on values which respect In 2015, the Supreme Court of border treaties and agreements with sovereignty, justice, democracy and China accepted nearly 16 thousand 1 2 n e i g h b o r i n g c o u n t r i e s, law, and promote rule of law on cases, among which 14 thousand successfully settling 90% of our land international relations. All countries cases were concluded. The local border issues. are equal members of the global people’s courts at various levels community. The internal affairs of accepted nearly 20 million cases and Law has played an indispensable each country should be handled by 16 million were concluded and role in shaping and developing its own people, and they can decide

42 News From China September 2016 China-India Relations their social system and development expire on December 16, 2016. It is the areas along the border. The Joint path on their own will. the WTO member country’s S t a t e m e n t r e a f f i r m s t h e responsibility to stop such practice commitment to abide by the three- Developing countries account on time and this expiration should stage process for the settlement of for more than 80% of the world not be dependent on any WTO the boundary question, and population, more than 40% of the member’s internal standards or be continuously push forward world GDP and contribute 50% linked with any other issues. Yet negotiation on the framework for a more to the growth of world some developed countries seem boundary settlement based on the economy. Yet, their shares and quite hesitant and evasive on this. It’s political principles agreed so far, in voting power in IMF or World Bank our sincere hope that India would an effort to seek a mutually don’t reflect these facts and their work hand in hand with China to acceptable solution as early as l e a d e r s h i p i n i m p o r t a n t safeguard the sanctity and authority possible. international organizations is under- of the multilateral trading system. represented. China and India need China takes seriously some to work together to strengthen the The essence of justice of the concerns of India, such as joining voice and rule making power of rule of law lies more in its substance the NSG and UN Security Council developing countries as well as rather than its form. Different 1267 Committee’s listing of emerging markets. Rules should be countries in different development terrorists, and China advocates made by consulting all countries, stages have distinctive definition, abiding by the rules of related instead of being monopolized by standard and understanding of mechanism and seeking consensus one country or country block. development. My Indian friends told through broad-based discussion. me that the average subsidy to a cow Prime Minister Modi said that if in the EU countries is 2 US dollars As two big neighboring China and India speak with one per day, while the average living cost countries, China and India should voice, the whole world will listen. In of a man in many developing recognize that it is quite natural for the negotiationson climate change, countries is less than that. Therefore, us to have problems in dealing with China and India spoke in one voice although both the South and North each other. Even lip and teeth would and adhered to the key principle of countries provide subsidies to find themselves sometimes fighting common but differentiated farmers, their purposes are different. and neighbors could not avoid one’s responsibilities. We both actively The purpose of developing spoon bouncing with the other’s pushed forward the United Nations countries’ subsidy is to ensure pan. The key point is what kind of 2030 development agenda, held that farmers’ survival. attitude we take towards these global community should not reduce problems. The common interests of attention to development issues and The spirit and principle of China and India far exceeds our developed countries should fulfill equality, fairness and mutual benefit differences and the need for their commitment to developing are fully represented in today’s cooperation far outweighs that for countries on assistance and China-India relationship. competition. We should put these technology transfer. specific issues in a proper position When PM Modi visited China in of the whole bilateral relationship, The developed countries do not 2015, the Joint Statement between rather than let them effect the overall have a good record on fulfilling their the People’s Republic of China and friendship and the pace of inter national commitments, the Republic of India affirmed that cooperation between us. including on issues like the climate both sides would resolve the change, development assistance and boundary question through peaceful M y f r i e n d s , a s t h e IMF quota reform. According to and friendly negotiation and would fastestgrowing countries among the Protocol on the Accession of the not resort to force or threat of force. world’s major economies, China and People’s Republic of China Article Before the final settlement of the India have great market potential. 15, the WTO member countries’ boundary issue, both sides would be Chinese companies and local approach to launch anti-dumping committed to the implementation of g o v e r n m e n t s a r e a c t i v e l y investigation towards China’s existing agreements and efforts to participating in programs like “Make exports as surrogate country shall maintain the peace and tranquility in in India”,”Smart City”,”Skill India”

News From China September 2016 43 China-India Relations and “Swachh Bharat”. More than that recently more and more Chinese Let me end by quoting a classical 500 Chinese companies have Companies are consulting them line from American film FOREST invested in India and the when doing business in India to help GUMP, “Mom always said that Life accumulated investment has with due diligence and legal advice was like a box of chocolates, you exceeded 4 billion US dollars. For for contract. The Chinese Embassy never know what you’re gonna get.” them, adapting to the legal system of also consults the legal firms on If you pick up some Chinese, and India and operating in compliance employment matters. They are with your knowledge in law, all of with local rules and regulation is a getting more and more business you here today will definitely get the major challenge. from Chinese entities and legal sweetest chocolate. talents who know well about China Executive Chairman of Shardul and speak Chinese are in high Thank you! law firm Shardul S. Shroff told me demand. CHINA AND INDIA: TWIN ENGINES OF WORLD ECONOMY By Cheng Guangzhong

Beijing’s CBD Area

44 News From China September 2016 China-India Relations

The world economic growth the per capita income rose by 6.5% recognized safety limit. The process has considerably slowed down in last nationwide. Economic structure of de-capacity has already begun in few years, and “Black Swan” events continued to improve, where the iron and steel, and coal industries. have aggravated the plight of world contribution of the service sector to The aim is to reduce the production economy further. The US economy the economy reached 59.8% and of 45 million tons of crude steel and grew slower than the forecast for the contribution by domestic demand 2.5 million tons of coal this year. first two quarters of this year, and its reached 110.4%. Transformation of Production of crude steel and coal estimated rate of growth is likely to the economic development pattern will be reduced by 100 to 150 million be around 1.5% for the whole year. also achieved progress. Fiscal and tons and 500 to 800 million tons No wonder Chinese and Indian financial reforms as well as the respectively in next five years. The economies are drawing close reform of state-owned enterprises process of de-capacity is mainly attention of global community. marked steady progress, and aimed at improving the economic However, some experts are worried innovation started playing a stronger structure and energy structure of that an untoward “Black Swan” role in the economic growth. Chinese economy, so that 1.3 billion might occur in China, damaging its Although the non-performing loan Chinese people could lead a healthier development and even the entire ratio of commercial banks rose to life in cleaner and greener world. 1.81%, but the overall financial environment. China is fully capable system remained stable with no of achieving 6.5-7 percent growth China is still the main engine systemic financial risk. Overall debt target this year, and its contribution driving the world economic growth. ratio of central and local to world economic growth will During the first half of this year, governments stood around 40%, remain around 25%. The new round China’s economy grew at the rate of which is quite low when compared of economic reforms, rapid 6.7%, reaching 34 trillion RMB. 717 with that of the developed countries. urbanization, technological million new jobs were created in The fiscal deficit rate was only 3%, progress, improvement in quality of urban areas, CPI rose to 2.1% and still under the internationally labor and deepening of international

Beach and Marine Drive, Mumbai

News From China September 2016 45 China-India Relations economic cooperation will support economic cooperation between Liu Jinsong, Charge d’Affaires of China’s medium-to-high speed India and rest of the world. Business Chinese Embassy, that”our economic growth in the long run. environment in India has also confidence in the future of China’s witnessed improvement, and foreign economy is just like that in our own However, owing to the large size investments have increased economic outlook.” In present era of Chinese economy and some significantly; infrastr ucture of profound economic globalization structural, cyclical and external c o n s t r u c t i o n h a s g a i n e d our big world has turned into a small factors, upward momentum and momentum, fiscal consolidation has global village where the fate of every downward pressure of the Chinese strengthened, and inflation has come country is so closely intertwined economy are still pressing against down. India, like China few decades with each other that no one can go each other. In such a scenario ago, is seeing setting up of industrial alone. Chinese economy and Indian transformation and upgradation of p a r k s o n e a f t e r a n o t h e r , economy are highly complementary China’s economic development construction of new skyscrapers to each other as reflected through pattern require more time. China every day, and a continuous forward increasing number of cooperation faces many difficulties in the task of extension of rails and roads. India projects and broad cooperation promoting economic restructuring has remained the fastest-growing space. India’s upward economy is and upgrading, and even more major economy in the world for last actually helpful in easing the difficulties in fulfilling the two years. On the back of great downward pressure on China’s responsibility of boosting world monsoon, this year is going to be a economy. Only if China and India economic growth. bumper year for Indian people. help each other and forge ahead, can Timely monsoon and bumper crops they bring hope to themselves in a The good news, nonetheless, is would help India achieve 8% GDP very depressed world economy and that this year India is still the third growth as hoped by finance minister illuminate the world as well. It is largest engine pulling the world Arun Jaitly. It would increase India’s always better to have more engines economy forward. Prime Minister GDP by nearly 180 billion USD, than only one to power the world Modi has focused on economic which may be only about 100 billion economic growth. May the world reforms and economic development USD less than the increment of the economy get better as soon as since taking office, and launched US economy. It hardly deserves possible, because Chinese and many encouraging plans such as mention that India has firmly taken Indian economies can be better only “Make in India”, “Smart City” and over the role of the third engine in if the world economy is better. “Startup India”. Prime Minister driving the world economic growth. Modi has travelled far and wide (Mr. Cheng Guangzhong is the within India and visited various During a meeting, Jayant Prasad, minister councilor of Chinese countries around the world, he is Director General of Institute for Embassy in India) perceived as actively promoting Defence Studies and Analyses, told INDIA, CHINA, AND THE FUTURE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE – India and China will need to work together to increase their roles in the international system by B.R. Deepak September 01, 2016

We have witnessed the world mutilaterism in the age of global dominated by the Westphalian and moving away from unipolarity to interdependence. This posed a Bretton Woods systems in which the bipolarity and, since the end of the challenge to the international developed countries led by the Cold War, to multipolarity and governance system, which was United States remained at the center,

46 News From China September 2016 China-India Relations with developing countries at the summit and the World Bank. periphery of governance. The President Xi Jinping of China has international financial crisis perhaps supported such moves and had for the first time challenged the rendered support for the same existing global governance structure through the “Belt and Road” when emerging economies like initiative, the AIIB, and the Silk Road China and India not only overcame Fund. the crisis but helped other developing countries to tide over it. Domestic growth could be stimulated in various ways, as both B.R. Deepak As rightly remarked by former India and China have unfolded U.S. secretary of state Henry building bridges between the ambitious projects that could be Kissinger, “The [global] order developed and developing countries, docked together by way of established and proclaimed by the while adding a multitude of wealth consultation and coordination at the West stands at a turning point.” The to the global economy. China’s role provincial as well as national level. shift was confirmed as the economic in particular is extremely important, For example, Prime Minister output proportion of the emerging as the country is contributing over 30 Narendra Modi has unveiled the economies in the global economy percent to the G20’s overall National Perspective Plan of the rose to 30 percent, whereas the ratio economic output. Remember as well Sagarmala Program, which aims to of the developed G7 economies that emerging economies are modernize India’s ports and registered a substantial decline, contributing around 50 percent of integrate them with Special touching 47 percent. The power the world’s GDP growth. Economic Zones, port-based smart shift as well as power diffusion led to cities, industrial parks, warehouses, a crisis of the legitimacy and Both India and China need to logistics parks and transport effectiveness of the current global deepen and broaden the roles they corridors. This plan could be linked governance institutions with are playing in global governance to Xi’s pet project, the Belt and Road emerging economies asking for mechanisms. At the outset, the initiative, on land as well as sea. more representation and voice. economic and political clout they will exert in these mechanisms As far as regional connectivity is This paradigm shift resulted in hinges upon their respective concerned, India’s “Bharatmala” (by structural adjustments to global domestic drivers. Therefore, the way of which India plans to connect governance mechanisms. The G20 greatest contribution they can make the entire Himalayan belt of Indian demonstrated that developed and to the G20 or other new mechanisms states through a network of rail and developing countries could sit is to maintain robust domestic roads) could be linked to China’s together at the high table, while the growth and regional peace and Northwest and Southwest regional birth of various new mechanisms stability. It is precisely because of plans. In eastern India, the such as BRICS, the Shanghai these factors that the emerging Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Cooperation Organization (SCO), economies have been able to inject (BCIM) economic corridor could BRICS New Development Bank billions of dollars into the existing revolutionize overland connectivity (NDB), Asian Infrastructure institutions of global governance and facilitate not only domestic but Investment Bank (AIIB), Silk Road even while pushing for reform and also regional growth, with ASEAN Fund, etc. indicated that the asking for greater representation. benefiting as well. Similarly, India emerging economies were capable and China could negotiate a larger of reshaping or supplementing the It is owing to these strong economic corridor running through existing governance mechanisms domestic drivers that emerging northwest China and northern India, with new ones. Being founding economies would be able to support which could easily be connected members of many of these ideas such as a global infrastructure through a network of roads, railways, mechanisms, both India and China hub and global infrastructure fund, and oil and gas pipelines. are playing a leading role and mooted by the 2014 G20 Brisbane

News From China September 2016 47 Foreign Affairs

I n o r d e r t o p u s h t h e an outcome of the limits of the developed economies. Rather than transformation of the global Bretton Woods system, which has challenging the existing system, they governance structure, both India been on shaky ground since the need to bide their time, innovate new and China need to become partners 2008-09 financial crisis as well as the institutions, and become partners in in each other development. There Euro crisis. The growth of new each other’s development by have been positive changes in the platforms is a reminder that if docking their developmental bilateral security as well as business institutions like IMF, the World strategies. It is natural to have environments; however, given the Bank, and Asian Development Bank differences between two big potential of both there is still huge continue to attach strings to neighbors; nevertheless, these could scope for cooperation. In order to developmental aids and loans, there be mitigated if a holistic view of the tap this potential, both need to is going to be a serious demand for relationship is taken. Therefore, the innovative developmental plans, alternative institutions. Especially momentum of high level visits and policies, and initiate structural when the global economic recovery people-to-people exchanges needs reforms in areas such as taxation, is weak, the establishment of such to be heightened. Foreign Minister investment, finance, and labor. i n s t i t u t i o n s w i l l p r o m o t e Wang Yi’s India visit in June, Modi’s Macroeconomic policies should be infrastructural as well as social and participation in the G20 Summit in in sync with social policies, which economic development. Even if Hangzhou, China in September, and will ensure stability in society and AIIB does not challenge the existing President Xi Jinping’s participation public acceptance of government financial institutions, it would be in the 6th BRICS Summit in Goa, planning. seen as complementing the existing India in October this year all set the order. stage for a building a greater Some argue that emerging partnership between the two. economies, with China playing a Even though the paradigm shift leading role, have challenged the in global governance has given India (B. R. Deepak is Professor of Chinese and post World War II order by and China a bigger say as well as China Studies at the Center of Chinese and establishing their own institutions more responsibility in the evolving Southeast Asian Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru such as NDB and AIIB. The fact global system, there remains huge University, New Delhi, India. He has also been the Nehru and Asia Fellow at the Chinese remains, however, that the asymmetries in their power and Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing). establishment of these institutions is economic structures vis-à-vis the

Foreign Affairs XI VOWS TO PROMOTE CHINA-MYANMAR PARTNERSHIP On Aug. 20,2016 ,Chinese China . development path and its efforts to President Xi Jinping pledged to safeguard national stability, promote promote the China-Myanmar Xi welcomed Suu Kyi’s visit and economic growth, and maintain comprehensive strategic cooperative praised her efforts to advance the social harmony. partnership and bring more tangible China-Myanmar friendship, saying benefits to the people of both that China stands ready to work with In order to develop bilateral ties, countries. Myanmar to ensure the two peoples the Chinese president called on the will always be good neighbors, two sides to strengthen political Xi made the remarks during a friends, brothers and partners. guidance. meeting with Myanmar’s State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, who He pointed out that China will “China stands ready to maintain began a five-day official visit to support Myanmar’s choice of high-level contact and people-to-

48 News From China September 2016 Foreign Affairs

people exchanges with Myanmar as the Yunnan Academy of Social conservation, education, healthcare, well as enhance communication and Sciences, said Myanmar urgently culture, media and Buddhism. mutual trust,” Xi said. needs electricity for its economic development, and hydropower is a “China will continue to play a The two countries should also good choice, referring to the constructive role in promoting integrate their development Myitsone dam project, which was Myanmar’s peace process, and make strategies, he said, adding that China jointly funded by China and joint efforts with Myanmar to appreciates Myanmar’s support for Myanmar, but was suspended by the safeguard peace and stability along the Belt and Road Initiative. Myanmar government in 2011. the border between the two nations,” he said. China is willing to promote China and Myanmar agreed a connectivity projects with Myanmar day earlier to enhance cooperation At a news briefing, Suu Kyi told and boost bilateral cooperation in between energy departments to find reporters that Myanmar believes that major areas such as energy and a proper solution to the suspended China, as a good neighbor, will do finance, he said, highlighting the project. everything possible to promote the importance of smooth operation of country’s peace process. ongoing large-scale projects. Xi also called for more attention to cooperation and exchanges in the Lei said if Myanmar can achieve Lei Zhuning, a researcher with areas of agriculture, water domestic peace at an early date, it will

News From China September 2016 49 Foreign Affairs take a free ride on China’s rapid not allow anything that could affect Premier Li Keqiang, who held a red- development. amicable ties with its neighbors. carpet welcoming ceremony for her on Thursday, to visit Myanmar at his Echoing Xi’s remarks, Suu Kyi The National League for earliest convenience, and Li said Myanmar values the deep “pauk Democracy of Myanmar and the expressed gratitude for the phaw” (“fraternal” in the Myanmar Communist Party of China, as the invitation, the press release said. language) friendship between the ruling parties of Myanmar and two countries, and thanked China China, respectively, represent the Li and Suu Kyi held talks and for its support for Myanmar’s people’s interests, she said, calling for w i t n e s s e d t h e s i g n i n g o f economic and social development. more contact between the two cooperation documents on Aug.19 . parties. Myanmar is ready to maintain Both countries reiterated that close high-level exchanges, Suu Kyi conveyed Myanmar they will push forward the China- strengthen the friendship between President U Htin Kyaw’s message to Myanmar ties “from a strategic and the two peoples, and enhance invite Xi to pay a state visit to the long-term perspective,” said the joint mutually beneficial cooperation in Southeast Asian nation. Xi press release. various fields, she said. expressed gratitude for the invitation, according to a joint press China’s top legislator Zhang She pledged that Myanmar will release. Dejiang also met with Suu Kyi on work with China to safeguard Aug.20 stability along the border, and will Suu Kyi also invited Chinese

50 News From China September 2016 Foreign Affairs

Zhang, chairman of the to have closer communication and Suu Kyi voiced willingness to Standing Committee of the share its experience, as well as promote parliamentary exchanges National People’s Congress (NPC), strengthen coordination and and cooperation between the two said the NPC attaches great cooperation under regional and countries to push forward the importance to relations with inter national parliamentar y bilateral friendship. Myanmar’s parliament, and is willing mechanisms. CHINA VOWS TO FORM CLOSER COMMUNITY OF SHARED FUTURE WITH ASEAN

China has vowed to form a “If we say the past 25 years were Keqiang told the 19th summit closer community of shared future a period of growth for the China- between China and the Association with Southeast Asian nations while ASEAN relations, the upcoming 25 of Southeast Asian Nations c o m m e m o r a t i n g t h e 2 5 t h years will be a period of maturity, (ASEAN) in the Laotian capital of anniversary of their dialogue facing new opportunities as well as Vientiane. relationship On Sept.7, 2016. new challenges,” Chinese Premier Li

News From China September 2016 51 Foreign Affairs

China, which established two sides’ strong will of cooperation treasury the two sides have gained dialogue relationship with ASEAN and their vision to lead regional and should continue to cherish and in 1991, was the first to ink the cooperation,” Li said. carry forward, Li suggested. Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia and the first to The Chinese premier lauded the He also put forward a five-point become ASEAN’s strategic partner. development of the China-ASEAN proposals to further enhance China- relations in the past 25 years. ASEAN relations: In addition, China was the first country to voice support for the Mutual respect to each other’s First, to better coordinate protocol of the treaty of Southeast development path, consideration of development strategies between the Asia nuclear weapon free zone, while each other’s major concern, joint two sides, deepen cooperation in all being the first to start free trade area efforts to cope with difficulties and areas within the 2+7 Cooperation negotiations with ASEAN. challenges, reciprocal trade Framework and in accordance with r e l a t i o n s h i p, p r i n c i p l e o f the third action plan for their “All these showcase China’s inclusiveness and disputes strategic partnership, Li said. steady resolution to develop settlement through dialogue and relations with ASEAN” and “the consultation are experience and Second, to establish a new

52 News From China September 2016 Foreign Affairs platform for political and security education and tourism as two 25 years and expressed confidence in cooperation. priority areas, said Li. their relations in a bright future.

China is willing to discuss to China hopes the total number Calling China the most sign a treaty of good-neighborly of exchange students could reach important cooperative partner, friendship and cooperation as early 300,000 in 2025 through a student ASEAN leaders expressed gratitude as possible, so as to provide legal exchange plan, he added. for the positive role China has played protection for a long-ter m in building ASEAN community and friendship, Li said, adding that China Fifth, to jointly enhance regional managing international affairs. supports ASEAN’s efforts to cooperation, Li said, noting that the establish a nuclear weapon-free zone special fund for Lancang-Mekong They voiced support for China’s in Southeast Asia. Cooperation, which involves China, proposals in Belt and Road Initiative Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and construction, production capacity The two sides should also have Myanmar, has been launched to cooperation and interconnection. regular unofficial meetings between support cooperation projects among defense ministers to promote sub-regional countries. Those leaders also hoped to defense cooperation and promote a speed up the implementation of an more substantial progress in the The Chinese premier also said upgraded China-ASEAN free trade ministerial dialogue mechanism on that China stands ready to work with agreement and the negotiation law enforcement and security, he A S E A N t o p r o m o t e t h e p r o c e s s o f t h e R e g i o n a l said. comprehensive and in-depth C o m p r e h e n s i v e E c o n o m i c development of their bilateral Partnership. Third, to further enhance and relations, and to make greater facilitate free trade and investment, contribution to the lasting peace and After the meeting, the two sides jointly promote the construction of common prosperity of the region issued four documents, including a the Belt and Road Initiative and and the world. joint statement of the meeting, a interconnectivity, and deepen joint statement on production industrial cooperation. Li also reiterated China’s stance capacity cooperation, a joint on the South China Sea issue. statement on the application of the Fourth, to make cultural and code for unplanned encounters at people-to-people exchanges a third The premier’s speech was sea in the South China Sea, as well as p i l l a r f o r C h i n a - A S E A N echoed by ASEAN leaders, who a guideline on senior diplomat hot cooperation, further enhance praised the amazing achievements line to cope with maritime cooperation in this regard with the two sides have made in the past emergencies. CHINESE PREMIER CALLS FOR MORE PRACTICAL COOPERATION UNDER FRAMEWORK OF ASEAN+3

On Sept. 7 ,2016, Chinese Li made the remarks while Geun-hye attended the meeting. Premier Li Keqiang said in Vientiane attending the 19th summit of that practical cooperation between ASEAN+3 (China, Japan and South While embracing the 20th ASEAN members and China, Japan Korea). ASEAN leaders as well as anniversary of the establishment of and South Korea should be Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, the ASEAN+3 mechanism next promoted steadily so as to safeguard Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe year, Li made a six-pronged proposal regional peace and stability. and South Korean President Park on the mechanism’s development to

News From China September 2016 53 Foreign Affairs

consolidate its role as the main Regarding to agricultural and construction, capital and human channel of regional integration. poverty reduction cooperation, the resources, which could be used in premier said China supports the cooperating with ASEAN countries. Relevant countries should strengthening of an emergency strengthen financial security mechanism on rice storage and China is also willing to work cooperation, deepen trade and proposes to build a modern with Japan and South Korea to offer investment cooperation, promote agricultural cooperation base and an assistance to ASEAN nations on cooperation in agriculture and East Asian animal husbandry such fields as logistics and poverty reduction, advance inter- exchange platform. construction of supply chain to connectivity, innovate production promote the economic integration in capacity cooperation mode and C o n c e r n i n g t h e i n t e r - East Asia, he noted. i n c r e a s e p e o p l e - t o - p e o p l e connectivity cooperation, Li called exchanges, Li said. for more alignment between China- About people-to-people proposed Belt and Road Initiative exchanges, Li said that China As for financial security with ASEAN’s general guideline encourages its people to travel in cooperation, Li said that countries 2025 on inter-connectivity, adding ASEAN countries, calling for joint should learn a lesson from financial that China is willing to deepen efforts to tackle the problem of crises in order to maintain financial project cooperation with ASEAN aging population. stability. countries with the assistance of the Asian Infrastructure Investment The Chinese premier arrived in As to trade and investment Bank and other financing platforms. Vientiane late Tuesday to attend the cooperation, Li said China supports 19th China-ASEAN (10+1) leaders’ A S E A N ’s l e a d i n g r o l e i n Re l a t i n g t o i n n o va t i n g meeting, the 19th meeting of the negotiations on the Regional production capacity cooperation leaders of ASEAN-China, Japan and C o m p r e h e n s i v e E c o n o m i c mode, Li said China, Japan and South Korea (10+3), and the 11th Partnership (RCEP) and hopes South Korea have their respective East Asia Summit. During his stay, Li negotiations could be accelerated to a d v a n t a g e s i n e q u i p m e n t will also pay an official visit to Lao promote free trade and convenience. manufacturing, infrastructure

54 News From China September 2016 Foreign Affairs CHINESE PREMIER STRESSES CHINA’S STANCE ON SOUTH CHINA

Vientiane, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) - set in the Declaration on the manage the South China Sea issue,” Chinese Premier Li Keqiang on Conduct of Parties in the South Li said, adding that nations outside Thursday spelled out China’s stance China Sea (DOC) agreed by China the region should “understand and on the South China Sea issue in his and the Association of Southeast support” the efforts made by nations speech at the 11th East Asia Summit, Asian Nations (ASEAN), in which within it, rather than “overstating calling for concerted efforts of all concerned parties in any dispute differences or even sowing the relevant parties to properly handle should negotiate to settle it. discord.” disputes. Noting that “we are neighbors, On the “freedom of navigation Li reaffirmed China’s objection thus hard to avoid clashing with each and overflight” in the region, Li said to the South China Sea arbitration, other like tongue and teeth,” Li said it has never been a problem. citing China’s right under United the move to initiate an arbitration Nations Convention on the Law of unilaterally and introduce a third C h i n a a n d A S E A N o n the Sea (UNCLOS) to settle disputes party could only make things more Wednesday issued a joint statement primarily through dialogue and complex and thus undermine the on the application of the Code for consultation. rule-based regional order. Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) in the South China Sea as CONSULTATION AS Li called for bringing sea well as a guideline on senior diplomat PRIORITY disputes under control before they hot line to cope with maritime are settled. emergencies. Li owed peace and stability in that area over the past more than a “China and ASEAN nations Li stressed that China has always decade to “effective regional rules” have the full wisdom and ability to managed the South China Sea issue

News From China September 2016 55 Foreign Affairs with a constructive attitude in order “ASEAN model” which emphasizes ground and shelve differences. to guarantee regional peace and consensus by taking into account the stability. interests of all parties. NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY He expressed China’s readiness Li reaffirmed the two-pronged to work with other parties to goal of economic development and Li also urged closer cooperation translate challenges in East Asia into political security for such a “strategic on non-traditional security issues an opportunity for stability and forum led by leaders.” including terrorism, natural sustained prosperity. disasters, trans-national crime and On economic development, Li infectious diseases. TWO-PRONGED SUMMIT said all parties should place regional GOAL connectivity high on the agenda, step For their parts, the summit up building a free trade area, and leaders agreed on establishing a In his speech, Li lauded the role c o o p e r a t e m o r e o n s o c i a l framework that can effectively meet of the East Asia Summit in undertakings. non-traditional challenges. advancing understanding and mutual trust of all parties and On political security, Li called They agreed to settle South promoting regional stability and for formulating a new Asian security China Sea disputes by peaceful and prosperity in East Asia, which he concept, which are “common, diplomatic means based on the described as a land “far from comprehensive, cooperative and DOC and the Code of Conduct in conflicts and a bonanza for trade sustainable.” the South China Sea (COC) and look and investment.” forward to strengthening economic Li reiterated China’s diplomatic par tnership and deepening Li also urged efforts to put principles that all countries, big or economic integration. ASEAN in a central position in East small, are all equal, should respect Asia cooperation and follow the each other, and seek common ASEAN-CHINA STATEMENT CALLS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF DOC ON SOUTH CHINA SEA

On Se pt. 7,2016 , the the summit, the two sides underlined implementation of the DOC in its Association of Southeast Asian the importance of maintaining entirety,” read the document. Nations (ASEAN) and China issued peace, stability, security and freedom a statement in Vientiane , calling for of navigation in, and overflight The statement said that full and effective implementation of above, the South China Sea. ASEAN-China relations are among the Declaration on the Conduct of the most substantial and dynamic, Parties in the South China Sea “We welcomed the recent bringing mutual benefit and (DOC). adoption of the Joint Statement by contributing to peace, stability and the Foreign Ministers of ASEAN prosperity in the region. The The two sides held the 19th Member States and China on the Full ASEAN leaders appreciated China’s ASEAN-China Summit and and Effective Implementation of commitment to support ASEAN c o m m e m o r a t e d t h e 2 5 t h the Declaration on the Conduct of community-building toward the anniversary of ASEAN-China Parties in the South China Sea realization of the visions and goals dialogue relations in the Lao capital. (DOC). We stressed the importance set forth in the ASEAN Community In a chairman’s statement issued at o f t h e f u l l a n d e f f e c t ive Vision 2025 as well as China’s

56 News From China September 2016 South China Sea

continued support for ASEAN leaders noted China’s initiatives such The statement said the leaders centrality in the evolving regional as the “Belt and Road” and the 2+7 welcomed the designation of 2017 architecture through ASEAN-led cooperation framework for further as the ASEAN-China Year of processes. enhancing ASEAN-China relations. Tourism Cooperation and looked forward to enhancing cooperation It said the leaders welcomed the ASEAN leaders were pleased to and activities with a view to boosting significant progress of ASEAN- note that ASEAN-China economic two-way tourist visits and promoting China cooperation made over the relations have maintained their greater people-to-people exchanges. past 25 years. Meanwhile, ASEAN strong momentum. South China Sea CHINA, VIETNAM VOW TO PROPERLY MANAGE MARITIME DIFFERENCES

Beijing, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) — his Vietnamese counterpart Nguyen sentiment. China and Vietnam pledged on Xuan Phuc, who is paying an official Monday to properly manage visit to China starting Saturday. “China and Vietnam need to maritime differences and further work together to abide by enhance bilateral substantial During the talks held at the agreements reached by the leaders of cooperation. Great Hall of the People, Li told the two countries, safeguard stability Phuc the South China Sea issue is in the South China Sea, and build The pledge came as Chinese related to territorial sovereignty, consensus to advance bilateral ties Premier Li Keqiang held talks with maritime interests as well as national and safeguard maritime and regional

News From China September 2016 57 South China Sea

peace,” Li said. to Beijing by Vietnamese leaders infrastr ucture constr uction, since the 12th National Congress of production capacity, trade and Phuc said Vietnam would like to the Communist Party of Vietnam investment. properly resolve maritime issues (CPV) held in January. with China in the spirit of equality He also sug gested both and mutual respect and in a peaceful Li said China is willing to countries carry out cultural and way. continue the policy of promoting people-to-people exchanges and friendship and partnership with its enhance cooperation in areas He suggested the two sides neighbors on the principles of amity, including political parties, defense manage their differences, conduct sincerity, mutual benefit and and law enforcement. maritime cooperation in areas of inclusiveness, adding that China is low sensitivity and maintain a stable willing to enhance strategic Phuc said friendly cooperation situation in the South China Sea to communication and high-level has always been the main trend in prevent the maritime issue from exchanges with Vietnam. bilateral ties over the past 66 years casting a shadow over bilateral ties. since the establishment of Stressing that both China and diplomatic ties. This was Phuc’s first visit to Vietnam are in a critical period of China since he was elected prime reform and development, Li said the Vietnam will always remember minister in July during the first two countries need to continue China’s huge support to the cause of session of the 14th National maritime, land and financial its national liberation and Assembly of Vietnam. cooperation, synergize bilateral and construction, said Phuc. sub-regional development strategies It is also the first high-level visit and strengthen cooperation on He said it is the consistent stance

58 News From China September 2016 South China Sea of the CPV and the Vietnamese welcoming ceremony for Phuc. led by Phuc, consisting of 32 government as well as his country’s ministerial officials and other foreign policy priority to maintain its After the talks, Li and Phuc delegates, is the largest Vietnamese traditional friendship with China witnessed the signing of documents government delegation to visit and consolidate the steady and on the economy and trade, China in recent years. healthy development of bilateral production capacity, infrastructure, ties. education and other areas. Phuc arrived in Nanning, capital of south China’s Guangxi Zhuang Hailing the positive momentum Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Autonomous Region, on Saturday to of the relationship, Phuc said Liu Zhenmin told reporters after the attend the 13th China-ASEAN Vietnam is willing to enhance talks that the two leaders had a Expo and the China-ASEAN cooperation with China on political, “good” conversation and the new Business and Investment Summit, economic and cultural fronts and government of Vietnam shows where he met with Vice Premier further coordination in international “positive willingness” to further Zhang Gaoli on the sidelines of the affairs. develop relations with China. meetings.

Prior the talks, Li held a According to Liu, the delegation

CHINA VOICE DIALOGUE, CONSULTATION ARE “GOLDEN RULES” IN SOUTH CHINA SEA

News From China September 2016 59 South China Sea

Beijing, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) — region, displaying a Cold War Running counter to the trend of Guidelines on the South China Sea mentality, have attempted to meddle solving disputes through dialogue adopted by China and the in issues in the region, breaking the and consultation, only two countries Association of Southeast Asian original regional balance and sowing outside the region proposed pushing Nations (ASEAN) demonstrate discord between China and ASEAN the so-called South China Sea once again that dialogue and members in recent years. “arbitration” at the summit. consultation are the golden rule for maintaining regional peace and With the joint efforts of China Countries in Southeast Asia stability. and the ASEAN, the South China have realized that the key to solving Sea situation has cooled down as the South China Sea issue should During the just-concluded both sides have worked together to be in their own hands and they China-ASEAN leaders’ meeting in eliminate interference and properly should return to seeking complete Laos, China and the regional bloc handle issues according to the and effective implementation of issued a joint statement on the Declaration on the Conduct of the DOC and solving the issue application of the Code for Parties in the South China Sea t h r o u g h d i a l o g u e a n d Unplanned Encounters at Sea (DOC) and the “dual-track consultation. (CUES) in the South China Sea as approach.” well as a guideline on a senior China will always be ready to diplomat hotline to cope with The dual-track approach work with other parties to translate maritime emergencies. advocates that disputes should be challenges in East Asia into an resolved peacefully through opportunity for stability and Countries in the region will negotiation between the parties sustained prosperity. benefit most from peace in the directly concerned, and China and South China Sea and suffer the most ASEAN members should work It is time to shed the Cold War from chaos in the area. together to maintain peace and mentality that relies on bilateral stability in the South China Sea. defense cooperation and military Histor y and facts have alliances to safeguard East Asian repeatedly shown that the South Southeast Asian leaders peace. Now we must create a new China Sea can only be peaceful and speaking at the East Asia Summit on Asian security concept that is stable if countries in the region hold Thursday supported the efforts by “ c o m m o n , c o m p r e h e n s ive, the key to fixing the problems. China and ASEAN members to cooperative and sustainable.” implement the DOC. Some countries outside the CHINA APPRECIATES PUTIN’S POSITION ON SOUTH CHINA SEA ISSUE Beijing, Sept. 8 (Xinhua) — conference after the G20 summit in “award” on the South China Sea China values Russian President China. arbitration, which was unilaterally Vladimir Putin’s position on the initiated by the former government South China Sea issue, a Chinese “President Putin’s position of the Philippines. China has Foreign Ministry spokesperson said shows Russia to be objective and fair, reiterated that it will not accept any Thursday. and represents the voices of justice proposition or action based on the from the international community,” decision. Russia supports China’s stance spokesperson Hua Chunying told a on the South China Sea issue and press conference. In fact, if a country is truly o p p o s e s a n y t h i r d - p a r t y concerned about peace and stability interference, Putin told a news A tribunal in July issued an in the South China Sea, it will

60 News From China September 2016 South China Sea

support China to peacefully resolve Declaration on the Conduct of outside the region to manipulate the the dispute with the countries Parties in the South China Sea issue or stir up trouble. directly concerned in accordance (DOC), Hua said, adding that China with international law and the also opposes any attempt by forces PROFESSOR CITES HISTORIC RECORDS BACKING SOVEREIGNTY by Anthony Warren in Hong Kong (China Daily)

In the aftermath of the arbitral Carty said that he has studied topic of historic rights at a two-day ruling presented by The Hague’s centuries worth of records produced international forum on maritime Arbitral Tribunal of the Permanent by European nations and the United dispute settlement held in Hong Court of Arbitration on July 12, States. These official accounts - Kong on Friday and Saturday. John Anthony Carty, a professor at excepting a period in the 1930s when Tsinghua University, is among a France unilaterally seized individual Professor cites historic records number of international academics South China Sea islands under backing sovereignty and maritime experts who are now Chinese protest - recognize China’s questioning the decision’s denial of historic sovereignty over the islands. Historic titles and rights are Chinese rights in the South China recognized in the United Nations Sea. The British scholar spoke on the

News From China September 2016 61 Chinese Space Technology

Convention of the Law of the Sea, minister, James Callaghan. 100 years,” he said. or UNCLOS, and China declared in 2006 that under Article 298 it would Carty said the British record He said, however, that any not be party to arbitration regarding proves there is no dispute regarding claims that China must produce historic bays and titles. the Nansha Islands and that China is historic administrative papers and the sole titleholder. state acts to explain a “connection “I have found my research in the with (their) own homeland” is archives quite astonishing,” said “This British record is not just something that “makes no sense”. Carty, referring to his findings. the opinion of an individual lawyer - He further asked how “natives” - as Among the records he said he has this is the product of an immense Chinese were referred to in the uncovered is a legal opinion by the amount of research that the foreign British and French texts - were British Foreign Office from the ministry did in London. They expected to “notify themselves” 1970s. The report, which is now investigated all of their archives and about holding their own lands for digitally available, was presented to all of the correspondence they had centuries. the British cabinet and then prime with other countries for a period of Chinese Space Technology CHINA’S SPACE LAB TIANGONG-2 BLASTS OFF

62 News From China September 2016 Chinese Space Technology

Jiuquan, Sept. 15 (Xinhua) — around 2022. Launch Center on the back of a China on Thursday launched In a cloud of brown smoke, Long March-2F rocket, trailing a space lab Tiangong-2 into space, Tiangong-2 roared into the air vast volume of flame. paving the way for a permanent underneath a mid-autumn full space station China plans to build moon from the Jiuquan Satellite SPOTLIGHT: CHINA’S TIANGONG-2 SPACE LAB DRAWS GLOBAL PRAISE

On Sept. 16 ,2016, China hurled its first Tiangong-2 lab into space, marking another step forward in the country’s plans to establish a permanent station by the early 2020s.

China’s rapid development in space exploration within the past decade has impressed the world. Martin Barstow, director of Leicester Institute of Space & Earth Observation at the University of Leicester, told Xinhua in a recent interview that China’s developing space program is another major milestone towards establishing a permanent presence in space.

“The earlier success of the first space station (Tiangong-1) shows how the program is developing and the new space laboratory will continue to add to China’s status as a major space power,” the professor said.

Former NASA astronaut Leroy Chiao, the first Chinese-American to be commander of the International Space Station, hailed Tiangong-2 as “another significant step for China’s human spaceflight program.”

“China is moving in a very deliberate and orderly fashion to

News From China September 2016 63 Chinese Space Technology advance their space capability,” space-science experiment built that. Many nations came together to Chiao said. “I think the technology is jointly by China with European build the amazing facility, and we are good, and they are moving to get countries. working together to further science. more operational experience This helps to improve overall through TG-2, before the beginning P O L A R , d e d i c a t e d t o relations between the member of space station construction.” establishing whether the photons countries.” from Gama ray bursts (GRBs) — Barstow believed that more and Barstow also spoke highly of thought to be a particularly energetic more countries are seeing the China’s space capability, saying type of stellar explosion — are importance of space activity but this “China is already a key player in the polarized, was built largely with will not turn into a race. He said that international space industry,” and Swiss funding, and with the to benefit smaller economies, a Tiangong-2 will “enhance” its well- collaboration of Swiss, China and growth of space activity across the developed space capability. Polish scientists and support from world will need to be nurtured by the the European Space Agency (ESA), major agencies like ESA, NASA, the Gao Yang, director of Surrey according to the British journal Russian Federal Space Agency Technology for Autonomous Nature. (Roscomos) and China National Systems and Robotics (STAR) Lab, Space Administration (CNSA). said manned spaceflight is of POLAR project manager indicative significance in space Nicolas Produit, who spoke to CHINA’S AMBITIOUS SPACE technology, and China’s rapid Nature, said U.S. law bars NASA PROGRAM development in this area is well- from doing joint projects with known. China’s space agencies, but the China has been actively Chinese Academy of Sciences is developing a three-step manned B r i t i s h B r o a d c a s t i n g discussing a number of other space program since the first decade Corporation (BBC) said in an article collaborative space projects with the of the 21st century. published on Thursday that “Beijing ESA. has made space exploration a The program’s first mission national priority and is the third Gregory Kulacki, senior analyst took place in 1999 with the launch of country, after the Soviet Union and and China project manager at the the Shenzhou-1 to examine the the U.S., to put astronauts into U.S.-based Union of Concerned performance and reliability of the space.” Scientists’ Global Security Program, launcher and verify key technologies said that it is encouraging that China relating to capsule connection and INTERNATIONAL intends to solicit international separation, heat prevention, control COOPERATION NEEDED participation in its space station and landing. project. In different interviews Xinhua The first step, to send an carried with space experts, all “My hope is that the United astronaut into space and return m e n t i o n e d t h e n e e d f o r States and China will, at an safely, was fulfilled by Yang Liwei in international cooperation in space appropriate time in the future, find a the Shenzhou-5 mission in 2003. exploration. Space station programs way to cooperate in the peaceful have always been a cradle for exploration of space instead of T h e s e c o n d s t e p w a s countries to work together, Gao competing to turn it into a developing advanced space flight said. battlefield, as they are now,” he said. techniques and technologies including extra-vehicular activity Such collaboration has been Chiao said international and orbital docking. This phase also vividly reflected in the Tiangong-2 coperation is “a common point of includes the launch of two space mission, which carries, among a interest that helps improve overall laboratories — effectively mini number of scientific experiments, an relationships. The International space-stations that can be manned astrophysics detector that is the first Space Station is a great example of on a temporary basis.

64 News From China September 2016 Chinese Space Technology

The next step will be to current International Space Station the Chinese space station will offer a assemble and operate a permanent (ISS), starting as early as 2017, chief promising alternative, and it will manned space station. engineer of China’s manned space make China the only country to have program Zhou Jianping told Xinhua a permanent space station after the China will begin building a space on Thursday. ISS. station that is more economically efficient and uses more data than the With the ISS set to retire in 2024, CHINA ACQUIRES BASIC TECHNOLOGY FOR MANNED LUNAR MISSIONS: CHIEF ENGINEER

Jiuquan, Sept. 15 (Xinhua) — In order to achieve the goal of Center in southern China’s Hainan China has acquired the basic carrying out manned lunar missions, Province is likely to be the second technology to carry out manned China needs rockets with greater launch site for China’s manned space lunar missions, chief engineer of load capacity, manned aircraft that program. China’s manned space program can land on the lunar surface and Zhou Jianping said Thursday. return, and aircraft that can shuttle China’s space station and cargo between Earth and the moon, Zhou spacecraft will be launched at the Compared with cur rent said. Wenchang launch site, Zhou said, missions, the technology used for adding that from a technical manned lunar missions are more In addition, Zhou disclosed that perspective it is better to carry out complex, Zhou said. the Wenchang Satellite Launch manned lunar missions at the

News From China September 2016 65 Indians in China

Wenchang site. boasts considerable latitudinal “China has begun to develop a advantages. Satellites launched Mars probe, but such exploration Completed in 2014, the nearer the equator have a longer will be a very complex project,” Wenchang launch site is the fourth service life as they have a shorter Zhou added. of its kind in China. Being the journey to make it into geostationary closest site to the equator, Wenchang orbit and save fuel accordingly.

Indians in China IMPRESSIONS OF MY MAIDEN VISIT TO CHINA Doddi Chandu

I was selected to represent my first time to board a plane and going towards Beijing. It was around 1 p.m. university (JNU) and India along to China. I have been looking for a when we finally arrived at Beijing with six other delegates to long time to visit China and through Capital International Airport. As participate in the first Asia-Africa this opportunity given by Embassy soon as we reached, we were given a Youth Festival held at Beijing during of China in India, my dream was warm welcome by our dear Chinese 27 July-31 July 2016. We left for realized. friends. On the way towards our Beijing on 26 July evening from New We reached Guangzhou the next hotel, I noticed a lot of differences Delhi. I felt very excited as it was my day morning and took another flight between India and China. For

66 News From China September 2016 Indians in China instance in Beijing, roads were very clean and looks like a highly systematic construction to regulate traffic which shows the Chinese engineers skill. I think Indian cities can learn a lot by emulating Chinese way of development in many aspects. After we took rest for a while at our hotel, we left to visit Temple of Heaven. Founded in the first half of the 15th century, it is a dignified complex of fine cult buildings set in gardens and surrounded by historic pine woods. In its overall layout and that of its individual buildings, it symbolizes the relationship between earth and heaven – the human world and God’s world – which stands at the heart of Chinese cosmogony, and also the special role played by t h e e m p e r o r s w i t h i n t h a t relationship. We had a memorable group photo along with other Asian and African delegates. I felt very happy with the hospitality by the Chinese delegates who tried their best to help us in every way they can. On 28th morning we went to Great Hall of the people to participate in the opening ceremony of the first Asia-Africa Youth Festival. The theme of this youth festival is “Solidarity, Friendship and Cooperation.” Later we roamed the University. It was an amazing groups are living together in Great Hall of People guided by experience for me to travel with such harmony. In the evening, I myself Chinese friends. In the afternoon we friendly people in sophisticated travelled alone in Beijing Metro for had lecture on President Xi Jinping’ Beijing Metro. the second time and visited “Belt and Road Initiative”. I hope it My third day in Beijing started Wangfujing, a commercial area in is a good initiative to build people- with a visit to Alibaba’s Beijing central Beijing famous for shopping. people contacts. Wish it will be branch office. I was highly fascinated The following day, we along with successful initiative for global peace as I got to know how the company other Asian and African delegates and prosperity. As Mr. Liu Jinsong, made such a quick success in global left for Chaoyang Sports Centre to Charge d’affaires of the Embassy of market. Alibaba’s Founder, Jack Ma have some outdoor sports activities. China in India frequently says, this inspires everyone as he struggled Everybody felt happy and sigh of initiative by Mr. Xi Jinping will let very hard during the early years of relief with fun and creative games of India-China to have win-win his company. We got a taste of the Chinese. During the afternoon I cooperation in various bilateral traditional Chinese food as lunch prepared to sing a group song along aspects. In the evening, I met a and it was followed by a visit to with my Chinese friends. It’s a Chinese girl whom earlier I know her Minzu University of China. As I Chinese song called “Auld Lang only through WeChat. We went to walked through the museum inside Syne” which tells about friendship. out dine together and even visited the university, I realised how Chinese As soon as the evening gala started, Beijing Language and Culture people comprising of 56 ethnic everyone including me were highly

News From China September 2016 67 Indians in China excited as the gala has performances boarded flight at noon towards 1980s, it is interesting to note that from both Asian and African Guangzhou and later caught another they are still following their delegates. Our group song marked flight towards New Delhi. After our traditional culture. It was a short trip the end of the first Asia-Africa arrival at New Delhi, we informed but very interesting. I still think Youth Festival. Everyone felt a our Chinese friends about our safe about those sweet memories I had in feeling of friendly and lively arrival. My maiden visit to China was Beijing which sometimes makes me atmosphere as the audience successful. nostalgic. I believe I will go to Beijing experienced culture of Asian and To say honestly, I don’t want to again to continue my further studies, African people. I couldn’t sleep that leave Beijing. I felt very connected to even wish to work and live there. night well as I didn’t imagine that I the people of China as majority of Wish the friendship between Indians have to leave China tomorrow. them are very friendly and and Chinese last forever. On 31st morning we left our hospitable. I felt very happy as I used Last but not least I would like to hotel towards airport. We were my basic Chinese while interacting convey my gratitude to Embassy of accompanied by two Chinese friends with our Chinese friends. It is just an China in India, All China Youth to bade goodbye to us. I felt a sense awesome place to study, stay and live. Federation and Centre for Chinese of nostalgia when I realised that I As I experienced Chinese cuisine at and Southeast Asian Studies, was about to leave China very soon. I Beijing, I found it very tasty and SLL&CS, JNU for recommending made so many good friends there healthy too. Even though Chinese me to represent our university and and it was difficult to leave. We lifestyle has been modernising since India in particular. AN INDIAN IN CHINA

My joy knew no bound when I scholarship council to study in culture for 4 years here in India ,now got to know that I have been selected “Beijing Language and Culture it’s the time to actually live it. for MHRD (Govt. of India) University”(BLCU), China . After “Omg! Is your daughter really Scholarship under Chinese studying the Chinese language and going to China? They are totally

68 News From China September 2016 Indians in China different from us. How will she live names. So its always good to have singer that’s what Chinese people over there? How will she survive? some knowledge about Buddhism think. It was only a month in Beijing What will she eat?” These were the in India and how its different from and I got an opportunity to meet the questions asked by a common Buddhism in China. The second China’s First Grade Choreographer, vegetable vendor to my mom when topic that people love to talk about Mrs. Saraswati, as per her Indian he came to know that I am going to is BOLLYWOOD. People are fans n a m e s ay s. S h e i s a l s o a China for one year of study. of Shah Rukh Khan and Amir representative of promoting Indian Anyway, I landed at Beijing Khan. I have met many young culture in China. She provided me International airport on 30 August Chinese guy who have atleast once th e o p p o r tu n i ty to g o to 2 0 1 5 , a n d w a s c o m p l e t e l y in their college time had danced on Lancang,Yunnan and perform a mesmerised by the unique and srk song of “Mohabbatte” movie stage show in a movie award fabulous infrastructure, be it a (aankhe khuli ho yaa ho band ), “3 function. The shocking and Dragon Head shaped “IBM” tower idiots” & “My Name is Khan” are interesting thing was, I was asked to building or the Beijing National most favorite films of Chinese and perform an Arabic song of which I Stadium “Bird’s Nest”, its fantastic. are very popular, you will find didn’t even understand a word, I was Beijing even though being the people of age around 60’s singing very nervous and have decided not world’s most populous capital city is “awara hoon” from the legendery to participate, but it was Mrs. very sophisticated and organized Raj kapoors movie “Awara”. I really Sarswati my teacher, she kept .The modes of public transport are appreciate Bollywood for its great encouraging me and just because of awesome all you need to remember work and specially admire the her I went to Yunnan and was is numbers (for bus transport), actors like Raj kapoor and Shah overjoyed to meet so many stars at colours of metro line (for rukh khan who have made our one place and being a part of that big subway),and location address in country known worldwide. Other event ,the interesting thing was I was Chinese (for cabs).The frequency of then China I have friends in Spain, even payed for it. That first bus/train is really good. France, Nigeria, Egypt who love e x p e r i e n c e d o f wo r k a n d At the time of registration in watching hindi movies without performing on such a big platform in BLCU there was a long waiting line subtitle, inspite of not knowing the China gave me a long lasting of students, but to my surprise this language they enjoy and are diehard confidence it gave me a positive line moved really fast, and then I fan of Bollywood. thought of accepting every task no realized that everywhere you go in When you say you are an Indian, matter big or small and trying to do it china you will definitely see a long that means you are a born dancer and to the best. queue of people, be it a railway station, metro station, ticket counter of any temple or a tourist place and almost in all government offices but you need not be disappointed, as a system works really fast and efficiently, crowd control is amazing . Chinese people are very friendly and welcoming, when they hear that you are an Indian, they get excited and will start asking questions about Buddhism, about 10-16% of Chinese people are Buddhist, china has about 9,500 Buddhist monastery where you will see hundreds of Chinese people worshipping the statue of Sakyamuni and to your surprise there are also the statue of Lord Shiva, Devi Parvati & Sarswati and many other Indian god and goddess sometimes with different

News From China September 2016 69 Indians in China

I am vegetarian, and before Indian, be it a non- vegetarian. I must snowfall and where for a moment we going to China it was the only thing say china is really rich in taste and thought that it’s the last day of our which was bothering a little to me food. life , to the beautiful and huge and my family. So I have packed Chinese take their health Confucious home at or beautiful more of lentels, spices and other seriously, despite of eating too much city of Jinan. Or whether its an food stuff in my bag. But let me tell noodles, oil and rice, I saw very few amazing and most interesting trip to you, people here eat more vegetables fat bellied Chinese, its because of inner Mongolia where you actually than lot of us, you get a lot of green their routine exercise and habit of appreciate the beauty of this earth vegetables in the market. The day I drinking Chinese tea, they drink tea the grassland and desert altogether, landed Beijing I was received by Mr. whole day, I think they drink more desert safari to the horse riding, and Amit who later introduced me to tea then plain water. I was amazed by refreshing Mongolian tea. And to the several chinese vegetarian dishes. seeing the group of middle aged peaceful beaches in Changdao with Next day I met my cousions chinese women dancing over musical tones rich seafood, or be it a college trip to friend as I call her, She took me in parks and exercising. Chengdu,seeing the huge Buddha around the places and offered me China is not that different from statue and cute panda’s, by seeing lunch in which she ordered too many India at least in terms of shopping, whom I wished to be like them eating Chinese dishes and all were skilled honed in India are used very and sleeping whole day. It was delicious. Chinese people have a well here, you need to know the amazing. habit of ordering too many variety language and you can bargain more China is just beautiful and most of dishes and the quantity is also too then a native Chinese. important thing ,China is very safe. much, it’s a one big bowl of curry In this one year in China I No matter I m travelling alone or generally we (Indian) cook for family traveled a lot ,starting from Shaanxi with my other friends , we never of 3 people ,but then they also ancient city of Pingyao where I went cared whether its night or day or without any hesitation pack it up and with a family kind of Chinese tour whether the taxi driver is trustworthy take it home if they are not able to group and saw one of the finest or not we just went on. I can go out at finish it. I admit that I wasted a lot of remaining examples of private 1 am for walk and to have midnight Chinese food in first two months residence in north China “The Qiao snacks without worrying about because of its quantity, but very family huge compound” “Tianjin” anything . And it’s because of the soon I learned how to order the food which literally mean the “Gods ford” safety only that we could travel all and how to make it suitable for my or as per Chinese concept around China with so much fun and taste as a result In my last semester I “Emperors ford”, with the beautiful are able understand china much used to eat Chinese food daily in my and bewildering combination of better. college mess. architecture with the incorporation Chinese people who are The other interesting thing that of somewhat ancient Greece, gothic, fascinated by Indian culture and will make your eyes open is typical and Italian style in combined with diversity consider us as their Chinese food street, just like our china’s Qing dynasty architecture brothers or sister and that helped me Indian chat gali the only difference is itself is beautifully preserved. It’s the realized that the people no matter our food street is full of vegetarian best place for Chinese newly wed which country they belong to are snacks, however in china, be it a couple to come and pose for their good at heart, they have the same Beijing Wangfujin ,or Xian muslim after marriage photo album. And culture of loving all. This world as street, Nanjing street in shanghai or then travelling to the China’s per Hinduism believe in is Vasudhaiv Shandong’s food street, all the food president Mr. Xijinping’s home Kutumbakam and BLCU which is street are full of small seahorses and town at Xian and visiting China’s called as small united nation is a best cockroach kind of small insects first village, the 6,500 years old example of it. standing on one stick alive moving Banbo village. Xian is the starting Now, I have another home in their legs and ready to get deep fried point of the silk road , a home to China, I have a family over there, ,The street is full of prawns and crab terracotta army of Emperor Qinshi who loves, cares and whom I look up fried deeply, looking delicious with Huang, it is culturally rich and one of to meet again soon. red chilly above them. But being my favorite destination in China,its Thank you China for giving me vegetarian the only thing I get to eat also rich in its food with its famous such a loving and caring family. there is a potato stick which they spicy naan . Be it anywhere in China a Himalee Kuksal called, and also the cold noodles. I Shandong trip with my friend to M.A. (Hons.) Chinese am very sure being on this street mount Tai which we climbed whole Doon University would be the most surprising for any night with great storm and heavy

70 News From China September 2016 Culture & Life Culture & Life MID-AUTUMN FESTIVAL CELEBRATED AROUND CHINA

Tourists view rice flour sculptures during the Mid-Autumn Festival in Tangqi ancient town of Hangzhou, east China's Zhejiang Province, Sept. 15, 2016. It is a folk custom for local people to greet the Mid-Autumn Festival by making rice flour sculptures.

Tourists try to make rice flour sculptures during the Mid-Autumn Festival in Tangqi ancient town of Hangzhou, east China's Zhejiang Province, Sept. 15, 2016. It is a folk custom for local people to greet the Mid-Autumn Festival by making rice flour sculptures.

News From China September 2016 71 Culture & Life

Combo photo shows staff members packing moon cakes for farmers ahead of the Mid-Autumn Festival in Wenxi County, north China's Shanxi Province, Sept. 21, 1961 (up), and children presenting moon cakes made by themselves to greet the upcoming festival at a kindergarten in Hefei, capital of east China's Anhui Province, Sept. 12, 2016 (bottom). The traditional Mid-Autumn Festival, which fell on Thursday this year, has been celebrated by families reuniting under the full moon and eating moon cakes, the center piece of festive dishes.

72 News From China September 2016 Culture & Life

Combo photo shows fisherman Guo Ru (C), 81, and his family of four generations gathering to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1950s (up) and teacher and students posing with a huge moon cake to celebrate the festival in Suzhou, east China's Jiangsu Province, Sept. 14, 2016 (bottom). The traditional Mid-Autumn Festival, which fell on Thursday this year, has been celebrated by families reuniting under the full moon and eating moon cakes, the center piece of festive dishes.

News From China September 2016 73 Culture & Life

Performers perform lion dance in Gubei Water Town in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 15, 2016. Tourists celebrated the Mid-Autumn Festival by visiting the Gubei Water Town on Thursday.

Local people gather to catch fish by hands in a river to celebrate a good harvest in Xuanen County, central China's Hubei Province, during the Mid-Autumn Festival. People enjoy lantern shows to celebrate traditional Chinese Mid-autumn Festival, in Guangzhou, capital of South China's Guangdong province, Sept 15, 2016.

74 News From China September 2016 Culture & Life SPOTLIGHT: CHINESE CELEBRATE MID- AUTUMN FESTIVAL AROUND THE WORLD

Beijing, Sept. 16 (Xinhua) — In Nakhon Sawan Province in celebration quite special,” Said Chinese people across the country Thailand, people celebrated the Mid- Thanakom Jongjira, governor of and overseas celebrated in various Autumn Festival by performing a Nakhon Sawan. ways the traditional Mid-Autumn dragon dance. Festival on Thursday. Celebrations were also held in Nakhon Sawan, some 200 km the United States. In San Francisco’s Decorative lanterns were lit up north of the capital Bangkok, is a Chinatown, a two-day celebration in Singapore’s Chinatown, which has province famous for its dragon event was organized to hail the started month-long celebrations for dance culture and home to many festival. the festival since early September. people of Chinese descent. The local dragon team decorated their dragons The Art Institute of Chicago The dazzling lantern display with colored lights, which allowed raked through more than 3,500 tells the origin of the Mid-Autumn for a brilliant show inside a local pieces of art from China and will Festival, and this year marks the first shrine. exhibit a “Chang E” painting time that Chinatown was lit up with finished in the late Yuan Dynasty or LED lanterns, allowing for a more “We added fashionable lights early Ming Dynasty (AD 1350- e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y f r i e n d l y here to combine with the traditional 1400). It is believed that the Mid- celebration. rituals, which make this year’s Autumn Festival, or a harvest festival

News From China September 2016 75 Culture & Life celebrated on the 15th day of the were on sale in many shops and Costco and Vons began selling eighth month in the Chinese supermarkets and drew crowds of Chinese mooncakes as well,” said calendar, is inspired by the legend of customers. Annie Zhang, an Chinese immigrant Chang E, the Chinese goddess of who has lived in LA County for the Moon. Mom The, marketing executive seven years. of the locally well-known Apsara The painting was originally Bakery, said the Mid-Autumn Upon seeing mooncakes at a painted on a bamboo or wood frame Festival was the best-selling time of local supermarket, Zhang said it and functioned as a fan. the year. made her “ feel very warm.”

Some other rare Chinese “Since Monday this week, many Costco, the largest membership- artworks fresh from the museum’s Cambodians of Chinese descent and only warehouse club in the United collections will also be displayed Chinese people have flocked to States,began selling mooncakes a during the Mid-Autumn Festival shops to buy moon cakes,” he told month ago. “We have to refill the celebration period from Sept. 10 to Xinhua. “They believe that their shelves everyday here,” a Costco 18. worship to the moon will bring them staff said. fortune and happiness.” Meanwhile, the mooncake, a Compared with Asian food traditional pastry special regarded as This year, the mooncake also hit retailers, American supermarkets an indispensable delicacy during the the shelves in many chain only have limited flavors of festival, has flown off the shelves in supermarkets in Los Angeles for the m o o n c a k e s. N e v e r t h e l e s s, many countries. first time. costumers said they tasted very authentic and the prices were In Phnom Penh, the capital of “In recent days, I found that acceptable. Cambodia, a variety of mooncakes many American supermarkets, like

76 News From China September 2016 Culture & Life CHINESE MUSLIMS CELEBRATE EID AL-ADHA

Xining, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) — 200,000 Muslims gather around the 80, in northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Millions of Muslims around China mosque,” said Wang Shaofeng, an Autonomous Region, left the celebrated Eid al-Adha on Monday, imam at the mosque. mosque in his village after prayers to one of Islam’s most important return home to join the annual festivals. After prayers, many people family celebration with 33 of his visited markets around the mosque, relatives. Ma Fuxiang, a Hui Muslim in buying beef, mutton, desserts and Xining, capital of northwest China’s fruit. “Eid al-Adha is one of the most Qinghai Province, took his two sons important festivals for Muslims. I am to attend prayers at a Dongguan Eid al-Adha, or feast of the so happy that most of my family mosque early in the morning. sacrifice, centers around a large feast, have returned from the cities to where Muslims slaughter lambs to break bread with me,” said Zhou. “Today is Eid al-Adha, an share with the family. They also important festival, so we had to get attend prayers and visit relatives and In Urumqi, capital of Xinjiang out early,” Ma said. friends, sending best wishes. Uygur Autonomous Region, Amangul feasted on delicious food “Every Eid al-Adha, at least At around 9 a.m., Zhou Shengqi, with her relatives and friends in her

News From China September 2016 77 Culture & Life courtyard on Monday. Autumn Festival with mooncakes,” China has more than 20 million Amangul said. Muslims, mainly Uygurs, Hui, “We celebrate Eid al-Adha with Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Tajiks and Kirgiz, pilaf and milk tea today, and in three Muslims enjoy a week-long living in various regions. days we will celebrate the Mid- holiday for the two festivals.

CHINA'S HIGH SPEED RAIL TRACK EXCEEDS 20,000 KM Zhengzhou, Sept. 10 (Xinhua) up to 300 km per hour in the initial high-speed trains will run all the way — China’s high-speed railways now period. from Xuzhou to Urumqi in the exceed 20,000 km in length with the country’s far west. opening of a line linking Zhengzhou The line connects the west with in central China’s Henan Province two major north-south lines, helping Huang Xin of China Railway with Xuzhou in eastern Jiangsu cut travel time between west and Corp. said the first 10,000 km took Province Saturday. east. 11 years and has since doubled in only three years, and is expected to The 360-km line has nine When another line linking Baoji nearly double again by 2025 and stations and trains run at a speed of and Lanzhou is put into operation, reach 45,000 km in 2030.

78 News From China September 2016 Culture & Life

In 2015, China’s high-speed Construction of a 150-km high- 2016. It will cut travel time between the trains car ried 961 million speed link between the Indonesian capital two cities by about two thirds. passengers, up 237 percent from the Jakarta and Bandung began in January number in 2011. With the coming of high-speed trains, people in Beijing and Shanghai have begun to buy homes nearby cities and commute. Li Miao lives in Langfang in Hebei, 55 km south of Beijing and works in the city. The trip to Beijing takes only 21 minutes.

In mid July, two trains travelling at 420 km per hour in opposite directions passed each other on parallel tracks, fastest event of its kind. In the next few years, trains at a speed of over 500 km per hour will run on the Beijing- Shenyang line.

Chinese bullet trains have also found international customers in Indonesia, Russia, Iran and India.

News From China September 2016 79 Tibet Today Tibet Today PANCHEN LAMA CARRIES OUT RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES IN TIBET

Lhasa, Sept. 16 (Xinhua) — The Panchen Lamas, in Xigaze. It was the Lama visited the regional Tibetan 11th Panchen Lama Bainqen Erdini first large-scale kalachakra ritual held medicine hospital in Lhasa. He Qoigyijabu has performed a series in Tibet for 60 years. stressed the importance of of religious and social activities in developing Tibetan medicine, a Tibet Autonomous Region during On July 29, the Panchen Lama precious legacy of Tibetan culture. the past two months. travelled to his hometown Nagchu Prefecture by train and was warmly He went to Nyingchi City on The Panchen Lama went to received by a cavalry troop and more August 18 and performed religious Ngor Monastery in Xigaze on than 2,500 local residents. rites in several local monasteries. Thursday, paying respects to Buddha and giving head-touch blessings to He visited students in a special At a meeting with Buddhist believers. education school and some poor scholars from the Tibetan branch of From July 21 to 24, a four-day families in Nagchu, and carried out the Buddhist Association of China, Kalachakra (wheel of time) ritual religious rites in two local he said the living conditions of was held in the New Palace of the monasteries. Over 70,000 residents monks and nuns had improved and Panchen Lama at the request of joined the religious activities. people’s religious freedom had been monks from the Zhaxi Lhunbo fully protected in Tibet. Lamasery, the home temple of On August 15, the Panchen

80 News From China September 2016 Tibet Today

He urged Tibetan Buddhists to continue religious and social Association of China and a member pass down good religious traditions activities in Xigaze. of the Standing Committee of the and contribute to social harmony National Committee of the Chinese and stability. Enthroned 21 years ago, the People’s Political Consultative Panchen Lama serves as vice Conference, the country’s top The Panchen Lama will president of the Buddhist political advisory body.

TIBET HOLDS THIRD TOURISM, CULTURE EXPO WITH RECORD GLOBAL DELEGATES Lhasa, Sept. 10 (Xinhua) — The were foreign ambassadors in China, Republic of Korea and Pakistan, third tourism and culture expo kicks diplomatic corps from Northeast attended the Third China Tibet off in Lhasa, capital of Tibet in Asia and South Asia, foreign Tourism and Culture Expo. southwest China, on Saturday. journalists and overseas merchants from 15 countries and regions, Among the unprecedented About 400 overseas guests, who including the United States, France, number of overseas merchants, 219

News From China September 2016 81 Tibet Today

were from Nepal. Traders from Initiative by upgrading the region Mr. Krishna Bahadur Mahara, Taiwan island and India appeared into an international travel Nepal’s deputy prime minister and for the first time in the expo, which destination, a sheltered area of minister of finance, said the number will last until Friday. special Chinese culture and a major of visitors from China to Nepal is passageway open to South Asia. growing substantially and continues Forums and exhibitions on to grow further. Tibet’s tourism, culture and the Chinese culture minister Luo Tibetan medicine and mineral water Shugang said tourism has become a “If we manage to welcome only industry, as well as investment and strong force of economic growth a fraction of Chinese outbound trade promotion, will be organized and will drive the region to open up visitors to travel to Nepal, it will be a during the expo, according to the further to foreign tourists. great achievement for Nepali organizing committee. tourism industry,” the minister said, Tourism revenue, accounting adding there is a tremendous Losang Jamcan, chairman of for over 20 percent of the region’s potential for Nepal and Tibet to Tibet’s regional government, said in GDP, rose 30 percent year-on- benefit from tourism as both have the opening ceremony that Tibet year in the first half of 2015. Tibet unique elements of attraction for wo u l d s e i z e t h e s t r a t e g i c aims to host 17 million tourists global tourists. opportunity of the Belt and Road this year.

82 News From China September 2016 Tibet Today

TIBET REINVENTS ITSELF AS A CHANNEL TO SOUTH ASIA Lhasa, Sept. 14 (Xinhua) — including France, Nepal, Pakistan, the tourists it attracts have been vital Prakash, a thangka dealer from the Republic of Korea and the in turning the region into the main Nepal, brought over 1,000 of the United States. Over 200 of the trade channel between China and scroll paintings to the China Tibet merchants were from Nepal with South Asia. Tourism and Culture Expo, after the many others from nearby Asian 200 thangka he brought last year countries. Faced with a wide range of were quickly snapped up. Tibetan goods at the expo, Prakash Tibet Autonomous Region in decided to purchase a number of “China has become such an southwest China is shaking off its items with the money he had just important market for me that I value r e p u t a t i o n a s r e m o t e a n d made to sell back in Nepal. the expo more than anything,” inaccessible, and gaining a new status Prakash said. as a war m and welcoming A c c o r d i n g t o T i b e t ’s destination. department of commerce, this year This expo, the third, took place there were more than double the in Lhasa, Tibet, and lasted for a ROOF OF THE WORLD number of Nepalese dealers and whole week. It attracted around 400 companies at the expo than last overseas guests from 15 countries Tibet’s distinctive culture and year’s event. Buddha figures,

News From China September 2016 83 Tibet Today

copperware and carpets are their dollars) flowed between the two in worth more than 100 million yuan most common commodities. 2014, more than 90 percent of the for the first time in 2014, a quite autonomous region’s total trade. dramatic increase on a trade volume Nepal has been Tibet’s largest of around 1.5 million yuan when the trading partner since 2006 and, The only land port between frontier reopened in 2006. according to Lhasa customs, more China and India in Tibet’s Xigaze than 10 billion yuan (1.5 billion U.S. City saw an exchange of goods Tibet is adjacent to Qinghai,

84 News From China September 2016 Tibet Today

Sichuan, Xinjiang and Yunnan — all CONNECTIONS, the region’s GDP. deeply important to China’s Belt and CONSERVATION Road Initiative. Once integrated with other With increasing investment industries, culture and tourism will Justin Yifu Lin, former chief from public and private sectors create new economic growth economist at the World Bank, now f l o o d i n g i n t o t h e r e g i o n , sources, according to chairman of with Peking University National infrastructure construction is Tibet’s regional government Losang School of Development, sees proceeding more quickly than ever Jamcan. Tibet’s unique geographical before, most notably in terms of advantages as key to regional transportation, water conservancy Karan Sharma, a travel agent interconnectivity and cooperation. and energy. from India and a first-timer at the expo, pins high hopes on his Lin also pointed out that Himalaya Airlines, a China- company’s New Delhi-Kathmandu- exchanges of tea, salt and ponies Nepal joint venture, was registered in Tibet tour, and after only one day between Tibet and Asian countries Nepal this year and has started daily tour in Lhasa, he felt even more along the ancient Tea Horse Road flights. confident. have been going on for around 1,000 years, for ming the perfect Shan Jixiang, director of the “I never thought Lhasa would foundation for modern economic Palace Museum in Beijing, sees be so moder n. T he city’s activity. tourism as a shortcut to increased infrastructure is so much improved,” Tibet’s connectivity with South he said. “Better links between Tibet Tibet reported a total export- Asia. The autonomous region and South Asia will definitely bring import volume of over 5.66 billion received over 20 million domestic strong opportunities in regional yuan last year, engaging in bilateral visitors in 2015, up 5.5 percent and tourism and other industries.” trade with 77 countries and regions. accounting for about 27 percent of FEATURE: SENIOR EP MEMBER IMPRESSED BY TIBET'S MODERNIZATION

by Zhai Wei, Song Ying

Brussels, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) — visit to Tibet of the EU-China Although thin air forced him to Friendship Group in the European inhale oxygen and made him unable Parliament, of which he is the to walk properly for two days, the chairman, terming the trip as “very recent trip to China’s southwestern interesting.” autonomous region of Tibet has left a deep impression on Nirj Deva, a “I stopped people in the street senior member of the European and talked to them about their life Parliament (EP). stories. I met lots of young people whose fathers were nomads. The It is an example of how a region youths go to universities,” said Deva home to ethnic minority groups was who is also the vice chairman of the brought to modernization, Deva E u r o p e a n P a r l i a m e n t ’ s told Xinhua in a recent interview. Development Committee. Bathing in soft afternoon sunlight, Deva merrily recalled the At the invitation of the Chinese Nirj Deva

News From China September 2016 85 Tibet Today

People’s Association for Friendship universities, no hospitals, no clinics, Deva called on ethnic minorities with Foreign Countries, Deva’s but now the life expectancy is 73 living in other countries and regions, group visited Tibet in late August. years and there are many such as in Australia, Sri Lanka and They visited Norbulingka, Tibet universities,” said Deva. those in Africa, to come to Tibet and Museum, the Potala Palace, the have a look at the marvelous Jokhang Temple, Barkhor Street, When asked about the Tibetan developments in the past decades. Tibetan Thangka Art Academy and culture, he said, “As I saw, the Tibet University. universities in Tibet have collected “I am a senior adviser to the and got manuscripts going back to president of Sri Lanka and have Deva said that under the old the 12th century.” briefed him about my trip to Tibet, system there were slaves in Tibet, telling him Tibet is an example of but the people there are equal now, Great efforts were made to how to help the groups. So he is having the opportunity to enhance collect, preserve, restore and protect thinking about that,” said Deva. their livelihood and enjoy religious Tibetan manuscripts, Buddhist freedom. writings and artifacts, the legislator The experienced lawmaker has said, adding “Tibet museums are suggested local authorities in Tibet “I was told that the life displaying the magnificent history of hold a conference on methods and expectancy was about 30 years in the region.” achievements in assisting ethnic 1959. Tibet had few schools, no minorities. BOOK REVIEW CHINA China is an ancient country possessing many world-class heritage sites such as the Great Wall, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang, the Palace Museum and the Suzhou gardens, as well as world-famous ancient luminaries including the great educator Confucius and the author of Art of War, Sun Wu, among many others. Sixty-three years have passed since the founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China on the Tiananmen Square in 1949. The People’s Republic of China has shown its resolute vitality to the whole world. In particular, bold endevors through over 30 years of reform and opening up have helped China’s economy realize steady and rapid growth. China has achieved a total transformation from silent isolation to a remarkable rise which has attracted the world’s attention, focusing not only China’s ancient culture, but also toward its present and future. China is a primer to help international readers acquire a better understanding of China. While maintaining certain basic historical facts and general information, it offers the latest facts and figures on every facet of China, including its international contacts, cultural exchanges, economic growth, environmental protection, developments in science and technology, social progress, and improvements of people’s livelihood, with the aim of assisting readers toward a wiser and deeper knowledge of China. We hope you will find this book useful.

Please email us first to reserve the book providing the serial No. Hope to hear from you in the coming future. Your comments and suggestions on NFC are also greatly welcome. Editor News From China E-mail: [email protected] Address: 50-D, Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021 Tel: 0091-11-26116683

86 News From China September 2016 Flights Between China and India FLIGHTS BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA

ROUTING FLIGHT NO. DEPARTURE TIME ARRIVAL TIME FLIGHT DATES

New Delhi-Guangzhou CZ3028 12:45 19:50 Daily

Guangzhou - NewDelhi CZ3027 7:30 11:30 Daily

New Delhi-Guangzhou CZ360 23:40 6:50+1 Daily

Guangzhou - NewDelhi CZ359 18:50 22:30 Daily

Schedule of China Southern Airlines Flights (Summer Season)

ROUTING FLIGHT NO. DEPARTURE TIME ARRIVAL TIME FLIGHT DATES

New Delhi-Guangzhou CZ3028 11:50 19:30 Daily

Guangzhou - NewDelhi CZ3027 7:30 11:50 Daily

New Delhi-Guangzhou CZ360 23:10 6:50+1 Daily

Guangzhou - NewDelhi CZ359 18:50 22:10 Daily

China Eastern Time Table

Delhi-Shanghai(Pudong) Flight Number Dep. Arr. Frequency Aircraft Remarks

1APR,2015-31OCT, 2015 MU564 0230 1100 Daily Airbus 330-200

Shanghai(Pudong)-Delhi Flight Number Dep Arr Frequency Aircraft Shanghai 31MAR,2015-31OCT, 2015 MU563 2110 0125+1 Daily Airbus Pudong: 330-200 Terminal-1

Kolkata-Kunming Flight Number Dep Arr Frequency Aircraft Delhi IGI: Terminal-3 1APR,2015-31OCT, 2015 MU556 0035 0510 Daily Boeing 737 Kolkata NSCBI: Kunming-Kolkata Flight Number Dep Arr Frequency Aircraft Terminal-2

1APR,2015-31OCT, 2015 MU555 2355 2345 Daily Boeing 737

News From China September 2016 87 Flights Between China and India

CA 429

BOM-PEK CA 890 0230 1120 MON/WED/FRI/ MON/WED/FRI/ MON/WED/FRI/ SUN SUN SUN

PEK-BOM CA 889 1940 0100+1 TUE/THUR/SAT/ TUE/THUR/SAT/ TUE/THUR/SAT/ SUN SUN SUN

Address and Contact Numbers of Chinese Airlines

88 News From China September 2016 CCTV

News From China September 2016 89 CRI CIBN

90 News From China September 2016 91 The Summer Palace in Beijing

The Summer Palace is 15 kilometers from central 1900, the Summer Palace suffered another hit by Beijing. Being the largest and most well-preserved royal the Eight-Power Allied Force and was repaired in the park in China, it greatly influences Chinese horticulture next two years. It ranked amongst the World Heritage and landscape with its famous natural views and cultural Sites by UNESCO in 1998, as well as one of the first interests, which also has long since been recognized as national AAAAA tourist spots in China. ‘The Museum of Royal Gardens’. The Summer Palace radiates fully the natural Construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal beauty and the grandeur of royal gardens. Composed garden for royal families to rest and entertain. It later mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, it became the main residence of royal members in the end occupies an area of 300.59 hectares. There are over of the Qing Dynasty. However, like most of the 3,000 man-made ancient structures which count gardens of Beijing, it could not elude the rampages of building space of more than 70,000 square meters, the Anglo-French Allied Force and was destroyed by including pavilions, towers, bridges, corridors, etc. It fire. According to historical documents, with the can be divided into four parts: the Court Area, Front original name as ‘Qingyi Garden’, the Summer Palace Hill Area, Rear Hill Area and Lake Area. was renamed after its first reconstruction in 1888. In 92 Postal Regd. No. DL-SW-16/4034/15-17 R.N.I. No. 47440/88 September 2016

G-20 Host City Hangzhou

Published, Printed and Edited by Press Counsellor Ms. Xie Liyan on behalf of the Press Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China, 50-D, Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021. Tel: 26881249, Fax: 26882024 Printed at A.K. Printers, S-217, Bank Street, Munirka, New Delhi-110067, Ph: 9818114996 Date of Publishing: 24th of every month Posted at Chanakyapuri P.O. on 27th & 28th of every month Chinese Embassy Website: http://in.china-embassy.org E-mail: [email protected] Website of Foreign Ministry of China: www.mfa.gov.cn E-mail:[email protected] www.fmprc.gov.cn

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