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“Carry on My Wayward Son”: Lessons from David and Avshalom

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“Carry on My Wayward Son”: Lessons from David and Avshalom בס"ד Shabbat Shuva 5773 Rabbi Shaanan Gelman “Carry On My Wayward Son”: Lessons from David and Avshalom Shabbat, September 22, 2012 Source Materials 1 1 ילקוט שמעוני שמואל א רמז עח Yalkut Shimoni, Samuel 1:78 ַאְך יָ ֵקם ה' את דברו, ר' ירמיה בשם ר' שמואל בר רב Only the LORD establish His word. Rav Yirmiya in the name יצחק בכל יום ויום היתה בת קול יוצאת ומפוצצת בכל of R’ Shmuel the son of R’ Isaac said, each and every day a העולם כולו ואומרת עתיד צדיק אחד לעמוד ושמו Heavenly voice would come out and spread out throughout שמואל, וכל אשה שהיתה יולדת בן היתה מוציאה the entire world proclaiming “ in the future, a righteous man שמו שמואל, וכיון שהיו רואים את מעשיו היו אומרים will be born and his name is Samuel. And every woman who אין זה שמואל, וכיון שנולד זה ורואים את מעשיו gave birth to a son would name their son Samuel, and when the people saw his actions, they would say “this is not אמרו כמדומין אנו שזה הוא: Samuel.” And when this one was born and we saw his deeds, we understood that it was he. 2 דברים פרשת כי תצא פרק כא Sefer Devarim, Chapter 21 )יח( ִּכי יִּ ְהיֶה ְל ִּאיׁש ֵבן סֹו ֵרר ּומֹורֶ ה ֵאינֶּנּו ׁש ֹׁ ֵמ ַע בְקֹול If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, that will not 18 ָא ִּביו ּובְקֹול ִּאּמֹו וְיִּ ְסרּו אֹׁתֹו וְֹלא יִּ ְׁש ַמע ֲא ֵלי ֶהם: hearken to the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, and )יט( וְתָ פְׂשּו בֹו ָא ִּביו וְ ִּאּמֹו וְהֹו ִּציאּו אֹׁתֹו אֶל ִּז ְקנֵי ִּעירֹו though they chasten him, will not hearken unto them; 19 then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him וְאֶל ַׁש ַער מְ קֹׁמֹו: out unto the elders of his city, and unto the gate of his place; 20 )כ( וְָאמְ רּו אֶל ִּז ְקנֵי ִּעירֹו ְבנֵנּו זֶה סֹו ֵרר ּומֹׁרֶ ה ֵאינֶּנּו and they shall say unto the elders of his city: 'This our son is ׁש ֹׁ ֵמ ַע ְבקֹׁ ֵלנּו זֹו ֵלל וְס ֹׁ ֵבא: stubborn and rebellious, he doth not hearken to our voice; he is a )כא( ּורְ גָמֻ הּו כָל ַאנְ ֵׁשי ִּעירֹו ָב ֲא ָבנִּים וָ ֵמת ּו ִּב ַע ְר ָת glutton, and a drunkard.' 21 And all the men of his city shall הָרָ ע ִּמ ִּק ְר ֶב ָך וְכָל יִּ ְׂש ָר ֵאל יִּ ְׁש ְמעּו וְיִּ ָראּו: stone him with stones, that he die; so shalt thou put away the evil from the midst of thee; and all Israel shall hear, and fear. 3 תלמוד בבלי מסכת סנהדרין דף עא עמוד א Talmud Bavli, Sanhedrin 71a גמרא. מאי אינה ראויה? אילימא חייבי כריתות וחייבי GEMARA. What is meant by ‘NOT FIT’? Shall we say that she מיתות בית דין, סוף סוף אבוה - אבוה נינהו, ואמיה - is forbidden to him under penalty of extinction or capital אמיה נינהו! אלא: בשוה לאביו קאמר, תניא נמי הכי, punishment at the hand of Beth din; but after all, his father is his רבי יהודה אומר: אם לא היתה אמו שוה לאביו בקול father, and his mother is his mother? — But he means not physically like his father. It has been taught likewise: R. Judah ובמראה ובקומה אינו נעשה בן סורר ומורה. מאי said: If his mother is not like his father in voice, appearance and טעמא - דאמר קרא: איננו שמע בקלנו מדקול בעינן stature, he does not become a rebellious son. Why so? — The שוין - מראה וקומה נמי בעינן שוין. כמאן אזלא הא Writ saith,he will not obey our voice, and since they must be דתניא: בן סורר ומורה לא היה ולא עתיד להיות, alike in voice, they must be also in appearance and stature. With ולמה נכתב - דרוש וקבל שכר, כמאן? כרבי יהודה, whom does the following Baraitha agree: There never has been איבעית אימא: רבי שמעון היא, דתניא, אמר רבי a ‘stubborn and rebellious son’, and never will be. Why then שמעון: וכי מפני שאכל זה תרטימר בשר ושתה חצי .was the law written? That you may study it and receive reward לוג יין האיטלקי אביו ואמו מוציאין אותו לסקלו? אלא This agrees with R. Judah. Alternatively, you may say it will — לא היה ולא עתיד להיות, ולמה נכתב - דרוש וקבל :agree with R. Simeon. For it has been taught: R. Simeon said שכר. אמר רבי יונתן: אני ראיתיו, וישבתי על קברו. Because one eats a tartemar of meat and drinks half a log of Italian wine, shall his father and mother have him stoned? But it never happened and never will happen. Why then was this law written? — That you may study it and receive reward. R. Jonathan said: ‘I saw him and sat on his grave’. 4 תלמוד בבלי מסכת סנהדרין דף סח עמוד ב Talmud Bavli, Sanhedrin 68b גמרא. קטן מנלן דפטור? - מנלן? - כדקתני טעמא: Whence do we know that a minor is exempt? (Whence do we שלא בא לכלל מצות! ותו: היכא אשכחן דענש know? The Mishnah states the reason, viz that He Does Not Come הכתוב, דהכא ליבעי קרא למיפטריה? - אנן הכי within the scope of the commandments. Moreover, where else do we find that Scripture prescribed a penalty [for a minor], that a קאמרינן: אטו בן סורר ומורה על חטאו נהרג? על שם verse should be necessary here to exempt him? — This is our סופו נהרג, וכיון דעל שם סופו נהרג - אפילו קטן נמי. question: Now, is then a ‘Stubborn and Rebellious Son’ executed for his actual iniquity? Surely he is rather slain on account of his ultimate end; 2 5 תלמוד בבלי מסכת ברכות דף י עמוד א Talmud Bavli, Brachot 10a מה עשה הקדוש ברוך הוא - הביא יסורים על What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He brought חזקיהו, ואמר לו לישעיהו: לך ובקר את החולה: sufferings upon Hezekiah and then said to Isaiah, Go visit the שנאמר: +מלכים ב' כ'+ +ישעיהו ל"ח+ בימים ההם .sick. For so it says, In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death חלה חזקיהו למות ויבא אליו ישעיהו בן אמוץ הנביא And Isaiah the prophet, son of Amoz, came to him and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord, Set thy house in order, for thou shalt ויאמר אליו: כה אמר ה' )צבאות( צו לביתך כי מת die and not live34 etc. What is the meaning of ‘thou shalt die אתה ולא תחיה וגו'. מאי כי מת אתה ולא תחיה - מת and not live’? Thou shalt die in this world and not live in the אתה - בעולם הזה, ולא תחיה - לעולם הבא. אמר :world to come. He said to him: Why so bad? He replied ליה: מאי כולי האי? אמר ליה: משום דלא עסקת Because you did not try to have children. He said: The reason בפריה ורביה. אמר ליה: משום דחזאי לי ברוח הקדש was because I saw by the holy spirit that the children issuing דנפקי מינאי בנין דלא מעלו. אמר ליה: בהדי כבשי from me would not be virtuous. He said to him: What have you דרחמנא למה לך? מאי דמפקדת איבעי לך למעבד, to do with the secrets of the All-Merciful? You should have ומה דניחא קמיה קודשא בריך הוא - לעביד. אמר done what you were commanded, and let the Holy One, blessed ליה: השתא הב לי ברתך, אפשר דגרמא זכותא דידי be He, do that which pleases Him. He said to him: Then give me ודידך ונפקי מנאי בנין דמעלו. אמר ליה: כבר נגזרה now your daughter; perhaps through your merit and mine עליך גזירה. אמר ליה: בן אמוץ, כלה נבואתך וצא! כך combined virtuous children will issue from me. He replied:35 The doom has already been decreed. Said the other: Son of מקובלני מבית אבי אבא - אפילו חרב חדה מונחת על Amoz, finish your prophecy and go. This tradition I have from צוארו של אדם אל ימנע עצמו מן הרחמים. the house of my ancestor:36 Even if a sharp sword rests upon a man's neck he should not desist from prayer. 6 תלמוד ירושלמי)וילנא( מסכת ראש השנה פרק א Talmud Yerushalmi, Rosh Hashana Chapter 1 רבי חנניה חבריהון דרבנן בעי ואין הקב"ה רואה את Rabbi Chananya, a cohort of the Rabbis asked – and does The הנולד. ולא שמיע דא"ר סימון בשם רבי יהושע בן לוי Holy One not see the future? And he had not heard that which אין הקב"ה דן את האדם אלא בשעה שהוא עומד בה R’ Simon said in the name of R’ Yehoshua ben Levi, God does מ"ט ]בראשית כא יז[ אל תיראי כי שמע אלקים אל .not judge beyond the moment in which a person stands What is the reason? It says “do not fear, for God hears the voice קול הנער באשר הוא שם. of the youth in the place where is.” 7 בראשית רבה )וילנא( פרשת וירא פרשה נג AND THE ANGEL OF GOD CALLED TO HAGAR ויקרא מלאך אלהים אל הגר, בזכותו של אברהם, XXI, 17)-for Abraham's sake; while [GOD HATH) באשר הוא שם בזכות עצמו, יפה תפלת החולה HEARD THE VOICE OF THE LAD] WHERE HE IS לעצמו יותר מכל, באשר הוא שם, אמר רבי סימון connotes for his own sake, for a sick person's prayers on קפצו מלאכי השרת לקטרגו, אמרו לפניו רבון his own behalf are more efficacious than those of anyone העולמים אדם שהוא עתיד להמית את בניך בצמא else. WHERE HE IS. R. Simon said: The ministering אתה מעלה לו באר, אמר להם עכשיו מה הוא, צדיק angels hastened to indict him, exclaiming, ' Sovereign of או רשע, אמרו לו צדיק, אמר להם איני דן את האדם the Universe! Wilt Thou bring up a well for one who will אלא בשעתו, קומי שאי את הנער, ויפקח את עיניה ' ?one day slay Thy children with thirst? ' ' What is he now אמר רבי בנימין הכל בחזקת סומין עד שהקב"ה He demanded.
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