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The Magazine for Environmental Managers April 2017 Air Quality in Megacities Around the World São Paulo, Brazil Table of Contents Air Quality in Megacities Around the World by Prakash Doraiswamy, Golam Sarwar, and Ali Farnoud An overview of the air quality issues, trends, current initiatives, and potential path forward for improving air quality in five current or potential megacities around the world: São Paulo,Brazil; Cairo, Egypt; Tehran, Iran; Delhi, India; and Beijing, China. Features The Evolution of Air Quality in the Megacity of São Paulo, Brazil Combating Air Pollution in North India—The Path Forward by Maria de Fátima Andrade, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil by Prakash Doraiswamy and R.K.M. Jayanty, RTI International; S.T. Rao, North Carolina State University; Manju Mohan, Sagnik Dey, Dilip Ganguly, and Saroj K. Mishra, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; Ramesh Jain, formerly with the U.S. Embassy Public Affairs Division; and Mark Azua and Ayesha Gideon, U.S. Embassy Public Affairs Division in Delhi, India Air Quality Issues in Megacities: The Challenge of Cairo, Egypt by Alan W. Gertler and Douglas H. Lowenthal, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV; and Mounir Labib, National Academy of Science, Cairo, Egypt ABaCAS: An Overview of the Air Pollution Control Cost–Benefit and Attainment Assessment System and Its Application in China by Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang, Jiming Hao, Bin Zhao, Dian Ding, and Jiandong Wang, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Carey Jang, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC; Yun Air Pollution Challenges in the Megacity of Tehran, Iran Zhu, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; by Farhad Azarmi and Mohammad Arhami, Sharif University of Lijian Zhao, Energy Foundation China, Beijing, China; and Hongxing Technology, Tehran, Iran Xie, Director of the Clean Air Allianceof China, Beijing, China Columns Departments Asian Connections: Message from the President: Helping Solve Someone’s Problem Asia’s Megacities on Different Pathways to Cleaner Air by Scott A. Freeburn by Fu Lu, Prarthana Borah, and Robyn Garner In Memoriam: Donald L. Blumenthal Asia’s megacities are demonstrating that there are different pathways to cleaner air that harmonize economic and social development Annual Conference Preview: Professional Development Courses; agendas with air pollution mitigation strategies across multiple sectors. Women’s Professional Development Workshop and Luncheon EPA Research Highlights: New MARKAL Tool Designed to Help Specialty Conference Preview: Cities Meet Environmental Protection Goals Finding Common Ground on Climate Change Cities interested in setting sustainability goals to reduce air pollution by Miriam Lev-On and C. Flint Webb and protect water quality might want to look at the energy–water connection. While that may seem unusual, it is based on the fact Last Stop: that providing and treating water requires a lot of energy. This Month in History (and other fun facts) em • The Magazine for Environmental Managers • A&WMA • April 2017 The A ir & Wast e M anagemen t A ssocia tion w ould like t o thank the f ollo wing sponsors and g ran tor f or mak ing the 2017 A nnual C onf er enc e & Exhibition possible . Diamond Pla tinum Gold Silv er Br onz e Suppor ting KLO DO WSKI LAW LL C We st Coast Sectio n Gr an tor Da vid L. La wr enc e C on ven tion C en ter , P ittsbur gh, P A June 5-8, 2017 www.a wma.or g/A CE2017 Rev . 011817 Con tac t Je S chur man | phone: (412) 904-6003 | email: jschur man@a wma.or g Message from the President Helping Solve Someone’s Problem by Scott A. Freeburn, P.E. » [email protected] I regularly encourage members to invite friends and concerns and help solve problems. If we miss the mark, we associates to our meetings. Accepting such invitations and may eliminate future opportunities, and then both the person experiencing what A&WMA has to offer prompted many of and the Association lose out. us to decide to become members originally. As effective as personal invitations are to membership recruitment and as So far, I have been referring to A&WMA events that have a much as the Association benefits from new members, these particular focus because these are the most frequent oppor - are not the reasons you should invite someone to an tunities to introduce guests to the Association. Such meetings Association function. are, after all, the bread and butter of chapter and section programming. That said, this year’s Annual Conference & For several years, I was a practicing consultant providing Exhibition is scheduled for June 5–8 in Pittsburgh, PA. The services in air permitting, research, and testing related to Local Host Committee, Technical Council, and the Young regulation development and enforcement and compliance Professional Activity Council have coordinated several tracks support, and a little site clean-up work. During that time, my with specific focus areas and compact scheduling. These responsibilities moved from considerable hands-on work to refined topic tracks may help address the problems of more and more marketing and maintaining client relations. someone you know. What I learned is the closer you get to your clients, the better you understand their problems. For me, the greatest satisfaction On another topic, the Association’s leadership has been busy in consulting was helping solve someone’s problems. It’s how and most recently focused on webinar production. The topic you keep clients. matter for webinars depends on the good ideas and organi - zational efforts of our members, like most of our programming. So, when you consider bringing someone to an A&WMA Once the ideas and people have been identified, our talented meeting or other function, the best reason to do so is because Association staff organizes the delivery. Consistent production you believe the event will help solve a problem for that person. of quality webinars requires building and maintaining a backlog of planned programs that can then be issued with Given the nature of this Association, I take a pretty liberal view regularity. Though the quality of our webinars has been of what such problem-solving may include. Many A&WMA good, our rate of production has been inconsistent. It is not meetings and webinars focus on particular regulatory challenges that there aren’t things to talk about, but we as members and addressing these questions is a founding objective. have not organized to keep this very important and useful Understanding technical principles and methodologies is webinar pipeline full. Webinars have the great advantage of another area where our programs educate, or at least update, taking less time to prepare than face-to-face meetings. This our attendees. Many meetings are built around interesting allows webinars to better address current hot topics and the speakers; elected officials, business leaders, and regulators that Association’s schedule can flex to better meet such conditions. impart important information to our audiences. Some events The webinar subcommittee will be looking to enlarge its are built around student performance providing education, talent pool, but all members can contribute to webinar experience, and exposure to the matriculants. The point is programming; just get in contact with any Board or commit - there is a variety of potential interests for an invited attendee. tee member and share your ideas. em Many are not going to match the new person’s interests. We must try to find program opportunities that address real em • The Magazine for Environmental Managers • A&WMA • April 2017 • being to e Friday, May 12, 2017 Association A&WMA in • President-Elect – : membership • Directors – : • This year’s Nominating Committee members are: Nomination Form for 2018 A&WMA President-Elect and Board of Directors: Fax: +1-412-232-3450 Cover Story by Prakash Doraiswamy, Golam Sarwar, and Ali Farnoud São Paulo, Brazil Air Quality in Megacities Around the World An overview of the air quality issues, trends, current initiatives, and potential path forward for improving air quality in five current or potential megacities around the world. em • The Magazine for Environmental Managers • A&WMA • April 2017 Cover Story by Prakash Doraiswamy, Golam Sarwar, and Ali Farnoud Megacities typically refer to urban agglomerations with a The next article by Farhad Azarmi and Mohammad Arhami population of more than 10 million people. 1,2 The world’s summarizes the air pollution burden in Tehran, Iran, and population was estimated to be around 7.3 billion in 2015 and shows how the relative contribution of pollutants to air quality is growing at a nearly linear rate of approximately 80 million exceedances has changed over the years with fine particulate people per year. 3 Likewise, around 36 urban agglomerations matter being primarily responsible in recent years. are projected to exceed 10 million in population by 2020, meeting the definition of a megacity. 4 Rapid urbanization is The next article by Prakash Doraiswamy et al. presents an accompanied by challenges in transportation, energy demand, overview of the significant fine particulate matter pollution and industrialization that lead to a concomitant rise in air burden in Delhi,