KEY

TO THE TRANSLATION EXERCISES OF KEMPSON'S

SYNTAX AND IDIOMS OF HINDUSTANI

BY THE AUTHOR

LONDON SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & COMPANY Limited

t. itunstan's ;Sj

[All riglitf mrf]

PREFACE.

THE object of this Key is to enable the learner to correct his own attempts at translating from the English.

It will be seen, too, that Parts I. and II. may be

utilised as a Second Series of Exercises in the fashion of the original Work.

The Roman character is used because it costs less to

but the student will of course write out his Exer- print ;

cises in the native character, for in no other way can he learn to spell correctly.

Constant reference to a Dictionary for the orthography of words, with respect to which he cannot fail to be in

doubt at first, is an absolute necessity.

M. K.

Uley, 1890.

2000210

KEY TO

EXERCISES IN HINDUSTANI

TRANSLATION OF THE EXEECISES IN PART I.

EXERCISE I.

4. (1) Who are you, Sir? (2) Hallo there! who are you ? (3) What place is that ? (4) Who are these men ? (5) What means this ? (6) What 's all this ?

(7) How do you do ? (8) Where is the post-office ? (9) How far is Dehli ? (10) What is the price ? (11) How many sowars are in waiting? (12) When, will dinner be ready ? (13) Why was he sullen ? (14) How is this known ? (15) How do you come to be here ?

0, (1) Tar-ghar kahan hai. (2) Ghat kitni dur hai. (3) Mahsul kitna hai. (4) Kai rupaya baqi hai. (5) HAziri kab tayyar hogi. (6) Teh kaunsi kitab hai. (7) Yeh kaun 'aurat hai. (8) Yeh galati kyunkar hui. 1 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

(9) Turn gair-hazir kyun the. (10) Itni der kyun. (11) Turn kahan the. (12) Teh kaun nadi hai. (13) Sabab kya. (14) Yeh kaisa bandobast hai. (15) Sahib- khana kaun hai.

EXERCISE II.

(1) You too be in attendance to-morrow.

(2) Yesterday a great bit of fun occurred. (3) It does not matter. (4) Here there is no water at all. (5) Some little bread there is. (6) There is no other servant.

(7) No other girl was there. (8) Some hundred or

Imndred and fifty rupees are in hand. (9) Yes; that was the very person. (10) The time is very short indeed now. (11) Cotton is never grown here. (12) There was no trace anywhere. (13) Some bungalow or other must be vacant. (14) There must have been a fall of rain somewhere or other. (15) To-day not the slightest effect was produced.

12. (1) Yahan ko'i hai. (2) Kal yahan kuchh bhi garmi na hui. (3) Yeh ghori bahut hi bad mizaj ma'lum hoti. (4) Kaisa 'umda bag. (5) Kya aj Munshi sahib bimar hain. (6) Yehi bat to thi. (7) Khak bhi sabab nahin. (8) Kuchh na kuchh galati hui hogi. (9) Kuchh muzayaqa nahin. (10) Abhi to ko'i dha'i sau rupaya darkar hai. (11) Qil'a kos bhar dur hai. (12) Kha- bardar kal zarur hazir ho. (13) Pandit ji bare hazir- jawab hain. (14) Kya yeh nadi payab hoti hai. (15) Kahin na kahin bazar to hoga. PAET I. 6

EXERCISE III.

i (1) The parents and children were assembled. (2) Most Hindi, Persian, and Arabic books are cheap.

(3) About fifty Sepoys must have started. (4) There is some little extra baggage too. (5) The bearers all want food and rest. (6) All three thieves were caught. (7) The royal provinces must be in a ruinous condition. (8) Well, you and I will be partners. (9) Both he and

' I are recent arrivals. (10) Flour, pulse, ghee,' salt, etc., will be provided. (11) Many such native medicines as 'neem,' aconite, borax, potash are useful remedies. (12) Indigo, tobacco, and cotton also are grown here.

2O (1) Ka 'i ek Thag giriftar hue honge. (2) Choba mekh qanat wagaira sab durust hain. (3) Chhapa aur kagaz aur jild-bandi achchhi hai. (4) Kya turn-log razi ho. (5) Bhala, ham turn sab eksan admi hain. (6) Ta- mam daftar-logmuztarr o pareshan hote honge. (7) Kal to Ismit Sahib aur Mem Sahib aur baba-log rawana hue. (8) Zemindar-log sab naraz hain. (9) Mamalik magrabi o skimali wasi' hain. (10) 'Aql shuja'at haya aisi sifateu kam-yab hoti hain. (11) Wahan to saikron rupaya bar- bsid hua hai. (12) Turn charou admi sazawar ho.

EXERCISE IV.

(1) How was this emeute put down ? (2) What is your authority for this statement ? (3) You are the graudson of a man held in great esteem. (4) Which is the road to Agra? (5) I am very thankful for your Honour's kindnesses. (6) How much for this black 1 * 4 TBANSLA.TION OF EXEECISES. mare ? (7) The office- work is certainly heavy now-a-days. (8) Terrible injustice must have occurred. (9) Why is your middle finger so rough ? (10) What is the good of such extravagance ? (11) The whole of them wish to see me disgraced. (12) Wealth and riches are of small account in comparison with virtue and breeding. (13) The * ' dak-bungalow is quite close to the railway. (14) Each was a man like you and me. (15) What companionship is there between a footman and a horseman ?

29. (1) Tere bap ka nam aur zat kya hai. (2) Yeh to kuchh hansi ki bat nahin. (3) Kasad ka bandobast kis ka zimma hai. (4) Is ghore ki shakl aur rang achchha hai. (5) Do mil ka ek kos hota hai. (6) Teh kahan ki sarak hai. (7) Tin din ki rukhsat manzur hui. (8) Yeh tattu kitne ka hai. (9) Is mazmun ka ek hukm jari hai. (10) Uske sath ek hathi aur do unt bhi the. (11) Meri kothi kachahri ke pas hi hai. (12) Par- sal bala ki qaht-sali hui thi. (13) Kisi na kisi baniya ki dukan hai. (14) Imsal kis qadr naf hasil hua. (15) Teri

EXEECISE V.

34. (1) Your circumspection is commendable. (2) The procedure of this office is regular. (3) This news was communicated by the messengers. (4) A marriage is on the tapis at the Nawwab's. (5) There will be a caste entertainment at my house to-day. (6) The syce has nothing whatever for expenses. (7) I have table, chairs, carpeting and everything. (8) There must be some around for his reproof. (9) The ignorance of the PART I. 5 weavers is inconceivable. (10) Some stranger is desirous of an interview with you. (11) It is the difference between earth and heaven. (12) By Heaven ! I dare not do this deed. (13) The word fe'l is good idiom here. (14) An old man of the name of Durga is standing without. (15) A scholarship of twenty rupees a month is founded for the benefit of the students.

(1) Tumhare pas kis qadr naqd hai. (2) Yeh to kalke ghore ka 'ajib qissa hai. (3) Bilfe'l mere yahan ko'i jagah khali nahin. (4) Mudda'i ka da'wa ja'iz hai. (5) Yahan to Dehli ka, mohawara murawwaj hai. (6) Roz roz ka jhagra har-giz pasandida nahin. (7) Be-tamiz adini qabil-e'tibar nahin. (8) Hata ki diwar marammat- talab hai. ,(9) Wajh ke lafz ki lugawi rna'ni kya hai. (10) Yeh guin-nain 'arzi km makkar ka kam hoga. (11) Yeh sanduq yahan ke logon ki karigari ka namuna hai. (12) Albatta bhatija ap ka taraqqi ke la'iq hai. (13) Ek kana faqir Shah 'Ali nam phatak ke ssimhne khara hai. (14) Ba'zon ke nazdik sarkari intizam galat hai. (15) Is zila* ka bandobast bahut hi nann ma'lum hota hai.

EXERCISE VI.

(1) I am taking leave. (2) I bear my misfor- tunes constantly in mind. (3) At that moment I recol- lected my native country and my parents. (4) The Dasehra holidays will begin ten days hence. (5) Where does this road go ? (6) Some half n ser of milk must have been left. (7) All my property was stolen. (8) After O TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES. some days your proficiency will be perfect. (9) The train must have come in some time since. (10) I have no leisure now. (11) Everyone has his own fashions

(gangs his ain gait). (12) I dislike this fashion of for- getting. (13) I am coming with you myself. (14) My lesson was left unfinished yesterday. (15) The support of one's own people is a condition of humanity.

hua. Uski , (1) Kal sham ko woh rukhsat (2) charb-zabani mujhe pasand nahin ati. (3) Aj do pahar bare Sahib wapas a'enge. (4) Mujhko apni be-wuqufi yad-ai. (5) Chand roz ke ba'd unke sab naukar chakar mauquf hoga'e. (6) Pachiswin tarikh mah hal ko Sahib Kalektar ke yahan darbar jari hoga. (7) Turn sab apne apne ghar jao. (8) Ek na ek din salah meri tujhko yad- hogi. (9) Ap ke khatt kl 'ebarat aur mazmiin mujhko pasand aya. (10) Is khata ka natija jald tujhko zahir hoja'ega. (11) Kis qadr mahasil wusul hua. (12) Pir ko usi waqt imtehan shuru' hoga. (13) Yahan to aksar tandurust rahta hun. (14) Is makan men kaun sahib tashrif rakhte hain. (15) Teri yeh na'i hikmat kab ijad- hui.

EXERCISE VII.

51, (1) His staying in Dehli in this way is inexpe- pedient. (2) How long shall I have to stay here ?

(3) Rain will fall in a short time. (4) There is much difference between this and that. (5) I received your Honour's letter. (6) The contractor will receive an advance of two hundred and fifty rupees. (7) Friend, why are you so angry with him ? (8) This slipping out PART I. 7

at night of his was no novelty. (9) Money is a thing which comes and goes. (10) Meanwhile the guests' litters began to arrive. (11) In this triangle the square on the side AB is equal to the square on the side AC. (12) I mean to go thus far and no farther. (13) As yet 1 haven't caught a single fish. (14) Wealth gratis comes amiss to none. (15) He received a fatal wound,

baton Sarkar ki 53 i (1) Mazhabi men dastandazi maslabat nahin. (2) Woh to mujhpar bahut hi gusse hua. (3) Athwen bab tak ka inujhe irada hai bas. (4) Is qism ka kapra kahan milta. (5) Ap ka is majlis men shamil hona rava hai. (6) Uske agle din mujhko- Agra jana para. (7)_Gumnam 'arzi'an ani shuru' huin. (8) Meri danist men ap ko yeh makan khush-kharid mila.

(9) Kisi ke chot na lagi. (10) 'Ilm aur 'amal men bara farq hai. (11) Ap ka beta shash-mahi initehan men awwal nikla. (12) Is riyasat men be-sa'i o sifarish kisi ko naukari nahin milti. (13) Is kue men ka pani pina haram. hai. (14) Kunji qufl men nahin lagti. (15) Ham par shari'at ka paband hona farz hai.

EXEECISE VIII.

(1) Be in attendance at the Dispensary at noon to-morrow. (2) Nothing contrary to your wishes shall happen. (3) I was a terrible sleeper from childhood.

(4) Alas ! I was deprived of the sight of my father on that occasion. (5) Is there any family relationship between you and the Serishtadar? (6) There will not be in the whole world a smaller bird than this. (7) Which is the S TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES. best horse in you: stable ? (8) Compared with the others this bay mare is the fastest. (9) The Sayyids rank highest among the Mahomedans. (10) The Captain treated me with courtesy. (11) There is an iron chain on this elephant's leg. (12) There is no poet like me at the present day. (13) His pronunciation is rustic. (14) Your pluck is that of a Bengali. (15) A great many foreign travellers have come into the Serai to- day.

f>2i (1) Ferishton ka sa mizaj uska hai. (2) In men se bahut se saudagar Kabul se ae hain. (3) Hazari Mai hazar mahajanon ka ek mahsljan hai. (4) Mere yahan to yeh 'Arabi sab se garib hai. (5) Be shakk is shakhs ki surat chalan ki kaifiyat se milti. (6) Huzur ke nam ki yeh tin cbitthi daftar se a'i hain. (7) Tamam gird-nawah men Pir Khan se ko'i achchha chabuk- sowar nahin. (8) Mujhko Hardwar ke mele men yeh jora khush-kharid mila. (9) Ham to tumhare bulawe se nahin ane ke. (10) Khuda ke waste shahr ke is mahalla men na ana. (11) Be-kar mat baitho. (12) Maktab men sab se achchha khush-navis kaun hai. (13) Kal to mera dost apne ghar par na tha. (14) Rel par sowar hona (rel ka safar) mujhko pasand ata. (15) Usko kamar men chandi ki peti thi.

EXEKCISE IX.

68. (1) What shall I say at all, at all? (2) With what face shall I interview my father ? (3) This new

fashion (of life) will astonish them. (4) At your age are you not ashamed ? (5) The river Jamna falls into the PAET I.

Oanges. (6) What is the sum of nine, eighteen, and twenty-seven? (7) The proceedings were recorded, and the (following) order given. (8) Two doctors, let alone one, carne to see me. (9) Clean my gun well and bring it. (10) Search for and seek him everywhere. (11) The natives of this country ride without saddle or bridle. {12) Explain briefly the cause of the Mutiny of Fifty- seven. (13) Where is a recluse like me to lookifora photographer? (14) Who took away the pens, ink, and paper hence ? (15) Thief knows thief.

7Oi (1) Nau aur unis aur untis milkar sattawan hote hain. (2) Ko'i makkar jakar meri jutiyan legaya hoga. (3) Yeh chitthi kaun laya. (4) Yeh sab kitaben tartib se mez par rakh-do. (5) In bagi'on ke sath kis tarah se pesh-aun. (6) Sindh darya Hind ke samundar men ja mila. (7) Sham ko mujhe hawa khane ka shauq hai. (8) Mukhtasar karke apni tamam sarguzasht bayan kar. (9) Haqiqat-hal daryaft karke likh-bhejo. (10) Is danga fasad ka asli sabab kyunkar ma'lum kariin. (11) Ek chhor tin samp isi badar-rau se nikle. (12) Kya munh leke apne bare bha'i se milun. (13) Hargiz pith pichhe kisi se bura bhahl na kahna. (14) Mujhe ghar jake bukhar aya. (15) Maulavi sahib ki e'tiraz ko taslim karta hun.

EXERCISE X.

(1) How shall I have the purchase-money sent out of the you ? (2) Just drive the sheep and goats .garden. (3) He must have reached home long ago. 10 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

(4) The cure of cholera is beyond the resources of medi- cine. (5) It was bad manners for him to call out thus'. suddenly in your Honour's presence. (6) I have no power to move in this affair. (7) It was not very difficult to- make my son understand my wishes. (8) Find out the road from the villagers as you go along. (9) I was pre- vented by indisposition from answering your letter. (10) Well, how can we assent ? (11) He has already- taken leave and gone. (12) Talk about this and that commenced afterwards. (13) Beware this secret do not get abroad. (14) No female was allowed to go outside the courtyard. (15) Hang it ! let him in and have done with it.

ke su'al ka sar-i-dast nahin de- M (1) Ap jawab sakta him. (2) Mujh se kuchh na ban-para, bas. (3) Dudh ko billi pi-ga'i hogi. (4) Us bag ke uttar men dehra khara kar-do. (5) Mere ane se pahle ka.ni to kav-chuka. (6) Kashtkar log zemana ki shikayat karne lage. (7) Usk& ane dene men kya qabahat. (8) Hata se bahar ko'i na jane pslwe. (9) Is tahrir ki naql mutabiq-asl kar-lena.. (10) Is gsVon ki iia-safi ki kaifiyat roznamcha men darj- kar-dun. (11) Apasmen takrarna honepawe. (12) Munb andhere gend khelue ke maidan men pani chhirakwa-do_ (13) Bala se yeh khurafat raddi men pheuk-dalo. (14) Woh to bazar hoke aya hoga. (15) Kal sab ghoron ki na'lbandt karwsUdo.

EXERCISE XI.

(1) I was forced to take three days' leave. (2) I owe it to your good fortune that I have built this house- PART I. 11

(3) God endowed him with intelligence, virtue, and modesty, in fact, with every good quality. (4) Of course you will have put him into Court. (5) Beginning with a hide of land, the English appropriated the whole of India. (6) I bought the be-choba in Fatehgarh. (7) He told off two chokidars to show the road. (8) I was honoured by the arrival of your letter. (9) My nephew Khwaja Badruddin Khan has translated the Bostan-kbayal into Urdu. (10) Brother and sister described all their adventures. (11) What made you allow these mutineers to remain on your premises ? (12) I borrowed the MS. from him and corrected all my books. (13) I have sent Babu Kali Charn your letter to his address. (14) I adjourned the case in expectation of your coming. (15) He left nothing unsaid.

kara'i. i Nahaqq main ne apni hansi (2) Mere sathi'on ne apas men yeh 'ahd o paiman kar-liya. (3) Ram Lai nam ek baniya ne mere upar jhiithi nalish karwa-di hai. (4) Nij ki sowari ke li'e main ne do desi ghoriyan

Hardwar men lin. (5) Turn ne apni kaifiyat men bahut se matalib likhe hain. (6) Sas ne mujh ko khanadari men kuchh bhi dakhl na diya. (7) Kya samajhke tu ne sahib ko jane diya. (8) Ap ne to bari jokhim utha'i thi. (9) Mushkil se main ne bis rupaya par kifa- yat ki. (10) Burhape ne mujhe nikamma kar-diyA. hai. (11) Ek ek karke mariz ne ghar-walon ki khair a 'afiyat puchhi. (12) Is raqm ko turn ne hisab men kyim qalam-andaz kiya tha. (13) Kar-pardazon ne dana ghas bichhali sab chiz risala ke waste baham pahuncha'in. (14) Unhon ne upar tale char sher banduq msire. (15) Is men ap ne meri bari qadr-dani farma'i hai. 12 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

EXERCISE XII.

<> 1 (1) A privateer was visible a long way off. (2) The "voices were quite inaudible. (3) Once loose, these horses will not let themselves be caught. (4) He accompanied me of his own accord. (5) I went off in alarm by the back door. (6) I began to lose sight of the earth entirely. (7) Ask the teacher for a dictionary in my name, and bring it. (8) Be good enough just to correct this rough draft. (9) Be pleased to pay ray bouse a visit. (10) Pray don't be angry. (11) Then where will you be pleased to go ? (12) The sight of others in misfortune should be an admonition to ourselves. (13) You ought to wear full dress. (14) You ought to have confessed your fault. (15) Under no circumstances ought one to be indolent.

(1) Das mil ke fasila par pal ek jahfiz ke dikha'i di'e. (2) Woh rukhsat hoke chal-diya. (3) Woh to adhi dur tak haniara sath diya. (4) Mujhe tar ke zari'a se unki tashrif-awari ki ittila' bhej-diji'e. (5) Bha'i ki saza dekhke usko 'ibrat pakarni chahi'e thi. (6) Mujhko unki zaban mutlaq nasamjha'idi. (7) Mansha-e-rnusan- nif mujhko tashrih kiji'e. (8) Mehrbani karke apni hida- yaten tafsil se tahrir farma'iye. (9) Kal parson mere yahan tashrif farma'iye. (10) Chalis kos ke fasila par topon ki awaz suna'i di. (11) Pesh-lashkar dushman ka Satlaj par uazar para. (12) Be-dii na huji'e. (13) Ba-har-kaif logon par ziyadati na karni chahi'e

(14) Meri haveli ke sahn men be-takalluf tashrif la'iye. (15) Eishta-daron men parda kya chahi'e. PART I.

EXERCISE XIII.

? i (1) What will not a dying man do (2) In the rear of the combatants in the van of the runaways. (3) Religious mendicants of various kinds pester the wayfarers. (4) I am present at your summons. (5) That same Jinn appeared to me as I lay awake. (6) On hearing of it he was seized with longing. (7) No one falls into a well by order. (8) On awaking from sleep the patient will, of course, feel thirsty. (9) He may, perhaps, be brought to accept two rupees (a month). (10) He will be better looking still when he is grown up. (11) How can a disease be diagnosed without a sight of the patient? (12) Who can measure (the altitude of) a minaret of the Jami' Masjid without a yard-measure, without a rope, and without ascending it ?

(1) Ra'sha ke mare men to ungliyan kahe men nahin. (2) Abtak mere ga'e ka qalaq unke dil men lagta. (3) Ma'muli phirta garibanon ko de-dena. (4) Jawan hu'e par uski maharat awwal darja hogi. (5) Matlab 'arzi ka be parhe hue kyunkar ma'luru hosakta hai. (6) Woh to be rukhsat li'e chal-diya. (7) Hisab sentte ke sath mujhko khazanchi ki bad-diyanati khuli. (8) Ganga ki chaura'i be par hue kaun kah-sake. (9) Is tarah munh laga'e se niri nafrat paida hogi. (10) Sam- jha'e se woh to naukari qabul kar-lega. (11) Ham to sirf ap ke bula'e hue a'e hain. (12) Apni taraf se dallal ko dharta denu parega. TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

EXEECISE XIV.

tO2i (1) Fill the tea-pot with boiling water. (2) Everywhere the statement of an eye-witness is most relied on. (3) Address your elders in subdued tones. (4) Define a recurring decimal. (5) Describe a triangle on the given straight lina AB. (6) I saw a vessel filled

' with chaff standing in the go down.' (7) A carpet is spread in the drawing-room. (8) Have you got henna on your feet ? (9) Sewing especially is very tiresome work. (10) The boy, laughing, mounted to house-top and sat down. (11) Who is this man lying on the bed ?

(12) Daily quarrelling and fighting is, so to say, the curse of this village.

1O4 (1) Zarra us bhaunkte hue kutte ko chup kara-do. (2) Tarke men bap-dadon se mujh ko yeh chalta kar-khana mila. (3) Aj mujhko us ne ek bolti chirya pinjre men lagi hu'i nazr guzra.ni. (4) Khuda ki di hu'i roti ko sab khate hain. (5) Dastar-khwan mez par bichha hai. (6) Is bat ki tamsil men mujhko ek bare maza ki hikayat yad-ati. (7) Mujhko yeh bana'i hu'i baten pasand nahin atin. (8) Balti men khaulti hu'i ghungh- iiyan bhar-do. (9) Khauf ke mare woh buzdil ulte pa'on phira. (10) Bahuteri dilchasp kitaben kutb-khana men maujud hain. (11) Fauj to bhagti hu'i hazar mushkilon se sarhadd pahunchi. (12) Woh to bazar hota hua logon ka salam leta. PART I. 15

EXERCISE XV.

(1) He recognised his brother's signature directly he saw it. (2) The whole civil and financial administration came into our hands by degrees. (3) He (or she) passed the whole day in tears. (4) What have you to do with these matters while I am here ? (5) Why need you make yourself ridiculous to no purpose without an effort to avoid it ? (6) The preceptor was seized with cholera as he was writing his letters. (7) The tyrant found my wife and myself sound asleep, and cast us into the stream. (8) I have left my horse tethered to a peg. (9) You must have observed the moon scudding through the broken clouds. (10) Two slave-girls issued, lamp in hand. (11) The girl has eaten nothing since this time yesterday. (12) The Vazir came on tiptoe in great alarm ;and looked.

111. (1) Mujhko itm bari hokar alif-be parhte hue diqqat hoti hai. (2) Chhote bare kal isi waqt ka kha'e hue hain. (3) Woh shakhs sher ka sa munh li'e hue kaun hai. (4) Ganj men khali is dukan ko khula hua pay a. (5) Chalte hue Begam mujhe ek ashrafi dene lagin. (6) Hote hote Afganon ne Panjab ko fateh-kar- liya. (7) Ankh bacha 'aurat-log zenana ke andar se sir nikale thin. (8) Sab ke sab ek dvisre ka munh dekhte ke dekhte rah-ga'e. (9) Masjid ke andar ko'i Maulavi jae-namaz bichha'e sijda men masruf raha. (10) Is dara ko main apnl qabr samjhe hue tha. (11) Afwah sunte hi gabra-gaya. (12) Mere rahte bhulkar bhi rishwat ka niiiu na lena. 16 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

EXERCISE XVI.

in the about an i (1) The news was known city hour after sunrise. (2) As day declined, the Rani's panJcha began to swing. (3) The forenoon was well advanced when he awoke. (4) Three or three and a, half months have passed since I went there. (5) Why have you come so late at night? (6) He rose very early while it was yet night. (7) My eyes begin to close before the day is over. (8) Noon passed as he lay on and on he did not even turn in his sleep. (9) Put the horses to before gun-fire. (10) I intend to march as soon as the day breaks. (11) The wretch did not cease from his. wickedness up to the moment of his death. (12) Sick- ness, medicine, prayer, the death-agony, and death itself were over in a quarter of an hour. (13) What o'clock is it? It is just a quarter to eight now. (14) The discussion continued from half past one till evening. (15) May you be hourly blessed.

1 kai 1 C ) Rel baje chhutegi. (2) Ab to imtehan ke ko'i bis din pare hain. (3) Daura ga'e unko ek mahina guzra hoga. (4) Itne din rahe se turn ne apna kam kyun chhora. (5) Itne din charhe turn kyun uthe. (6) Das. baje se lekar panch tak daftar jari hai. (7) Hamari paltan kuchh rfit rahe se para'o pahunchi. (8) Itni rat ga'e meri mulaqat ko kaun sahib a'e hon. (9) Din charhte charhte dur se ek jazira dikha'i dene laga. (10) Din dubte dubte ulti hawa chalne lagi. (11) Be mere ishara. di'e hue ghanta mat maro. (12) Aj gyara baje rat ko chand khet karega. (13) Kya chalte waqt un se na, PART I. 17 miloge. (14) Tanibih hue pichhe us ne baithe-bitha'e ek aur shararat ki. (15) Main to jite ji ap ka suluk na hhulunga.

EXERCISE XVII.

let us each in tell our i (1) Come, all, turn, own names and our parents' names. (2) Female education, I warrant, will increase and spread. (3) He thus went on embracing each of them in turn as he recognised them.

(4) Do you now inspect the jars from one end (of the row to the other). (5) Notwithstanding (my) reprimand he grew more and more insolent and wicked. (6) He remained gazing open-eyed at the passing trains. (7) At this rate of extravagance all (his) wealth will disappear. (8) They were much disgusted at the adjournment of the trial. (9) Nearly ten thousand men were killed at the siege of Dehli. (10) Let the editor of the paper be searched for. (11) Hundreds of rupees per mensem come in to me from the tena,nts. (12) A. man ran off to the doctor's before daylight.

0) Asai ^ l&r&i men ko'iderh hazar admi khet ko is 'aurat ke rahe. (2) Qatil khub talash kiya ja'e. (3) Roz-ba-roz woh shokh aur na-hamwar hota jata hai.

(4) Aisi 'adat thore se shuru' hokar barhti jati hai. (5) Is se farig hokar dekha ja'ega. (6) Kahani ka multavi kiya jana bachchon ko na-guwar hua. (7) Usko ate jate dekhta rah. (8) Mujhse raha nahin gay a. (9) Tumhari jahalat ke sabab meri bhi nek-nami jati rahegi. (10) Na-ba-kar naukar ek ek karke nikale ga'e. (11) Hath pa'on men sansani si chali ati hai. (12) Sharab pipe se nikla ata hai. 18 TRANSLATION OB' EXERCISES

EXERCISE XVIII.

13Oi (1) The brothers sat down to eat and drink with much zest and zeal. (2) I went to see him every day for nine days consecutively. (3) In imitation of me, the monkey let her left-hand pulse be felt every day. (4) How may we be kept informed of your con- dition ? (5) After this a conversation on indifferent topics was maintained. (6) You will be pleased to keep in your own hands the general superintendence only. (7) I am desirous of adopting you as my son. (8) Some- thing awful is about to happen. (9) Accordingly I shall go on thus begging you from time to time (to grant my request). (10) Keep your hand placed upon the sleeping child. (11) I will go and send bedding, etc., at once.

(12) I shall instantly split this beam in two.

132, (1) Be shakk is zila' men rasn>i-dukhtar-kushi hua barti hai. (2) Ka'i din tak shadi ka jashn hua kiya. (3) JBarah baja chahte hain. (4) Mariz ko barf ka pani

pila'e ja'o. (5) Ap ki yadgari men is anguthi ko apni ungli men pahne rahunga. (6) Woh to har roz meri

'eyadat ko do hafta tak aya jaya ki. (7) Khanala'e deta him. (8) Is mujrim ko qatl-kiya chahi'e. (9) Main tujhse man' ki'e deta hun. (10) Faisal-i sunkar mudda'i mudda'a 'alaihi donon ek dusre ko taka ki'e. (11) Mere rahte yeh dastur hua kare. (12) Waqt pare par isko mere

pas ane ki ijazat diya kiji'e. 19

TRANSLATION OF THE EXERCISES

IN PART II.

EXEECISE XIX.

(1) ket that one of you precede who is qualified to take precedence. (2) Why should that be done which may be a cause of dissension? (3) Whatever people thought, they thought wrong. (4) What anyone is in want of shall be given him. (5) After this wear what you like. (6) Instantly report to me any unusual pro- ceeding on his part which you may observe. (7) I prac- tice the profession of marauding, which has come down to me from my fathers. (8) What kind of man is he that eats no salt ? (9) Your mother and sister are in the same house as yourself. (10) He suffered a retribution which was in accord with his deserts. (11) I have no book in my possession which is worthy of your Excellency's in- spection. (12) What you tell me is the weight of the air is inconceivable. (13) The higher I ascended, the lighter the air became. (14) Let a contribution be levied in proportion to the supposed income of each. (15) The younger women of poor folk, among whom parda is not maintained, work in the fields like men. (16) What I observed when I came into your family was that no men- tion was made of religion. 2 * 20 TEANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

'auraten nahin kaisi buri . (1) Jo parhua jantin tarah unka waqt katta hai. (2) Larki ko'i chha baras ki thi bas bi'ainihi jitni hamari Hamida. (3) Wohi

Sindbad jise tuni rnua jante ho main huii. (4) Ba-sabab ru'i ke jo kanon men bhari hui thi mutlaq awazen sunfi'i na din. (5) Siwae iske jo main ap se 'arz karchuka aur kuchh hai main nahin kah-sakta. (6) Buddhe naukar jin se kam nahin ho-sakta unkehuquq ko bhul-jana bari na-ehsanmandi hai. (7) Ham to isi pech men ki turn ho hain. (8) Jitni main teri parwarish karta raha usi qadr tii sust aur kahil hota gaya. (9) Jisko jitni tankhwah baqi hai di ja'egi. (10) Qoran men jo ap batate haiii aisi ko'i ayat nahin. (11) Khasskar ko'i taklif hai jo usko iza deti ho. (12) Jo amr ki zuhiir men ay a hai mere haqq men behtar hai. (13) Turn ne jitni qimat kahi thi behiida kahi. (14) Jo jo afwah ki bazar men suniyo fauran mujhse kahla-bhejiyo. (15) Mere yahan ko'i aisa ghora nahin ki jo ap ki sowari ke la'iq ho. (16) Mahkama men akar jo dekha to mu-shigafi'on ka dastur hua kiva.

EXEECISE XX.

(1) ^7 family is fortunate in your arrival. (2) It is impossible he escaped by this road. (3) How did you know, without counting, that they were sixty ? (4) What did L see on getting there but the thatchers' ricks on fire. (5) He put a mirror into his hund and

' said Now, look at yourself and me, and see if there is any difference at all between us.' (6) An idea came into a nay mind to rail to Agra. (?) You ran great risk in PART II. 21 going after tigers on foot. (8) I hope your Honour will give me three days' grace. (9) I could not guess from his countenance that he was deceiving me. (10) I don't know what answer to give to the manager's letter. (11) I saw it stated in a newspaper that an eclipse of the sun would be visible on the 15th inst. (12) It is a sad job that I gave him leave. (13) He said that he was expect- ing you. (14) Ask the Bearer if his master is awake yet. (15) People began to be afraid that the police would hear the noise and burst into the house.

ki i (1) Avadh akhbar men likha dekha sani- char ko do baje Kaisar Bag ki barahdari men Ta'alluqdaron ka jalsa darpesh hai. (2) Is jhagre ke tasfiya men ap ko chahi'e ki zarra da'en ba'en dekhi'e. (3) Guwah se puchho ki turn se angrezi ati. (4) Sa'is ko hukm do ki turn adhi dur Jake baitho. (5) Ap ne bari peshbandi ki jo usko be amanat li'e chhutkara diya. (6) Hairan hun ki yeh bohtan kyunkar tardid-karun. (7) Usne lafzani ki thi ki main unko farzin uthake mat duuga. (8) Ap ne bari khair-khwahi ki jo pahle pahal men mufsidon ko dabaya. (9) Mujhe guman-i-galib hai ki woh bhi is dake

men tera shamil-hal hua hogsi. (10) Main is 'adat ka rawadar uahin ki turn har phirkar meri khushamad karte ho. (11) Uska yeh ma'mul tha ki fajar ko chihal-qadaim karta. (12) Apas men 'ahd kiya ki a'o ham charon mil- kar shikar karenge. (13) Dar par dastak deke puchho ki sahib ghar par hai. (14) Usne mere bete se kaha tha ki kal main tere bap ke yahan jata hun. (15) Multamis

hun ki ap mere is pahle qusur se darguzar kiji'e. 22 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

EXERCISE XXI.

I recollect i (1) I cannot help laughing when this matter. (2) I enjoy good health since I came here. (3) Wait in the verandah till I come. (4) It is a long time since my father died. (5) He had no sooner said this than I was rooted to the earth for shame. (6) Wher- ever you perceive a new dome-shaped tomb, know that it is the door of the place I speak of. (7) Anyone will have leave to go where he pleases. (8) Each found his things intact in the place where he left them. (9) He went off in the direction he came. (10) I do not belong to the dwellers here as you imagine. (11) Sweep out all these carriages before the train starts. (12) The only plan I could think of was to go myself. (13) Both of us are all but caught. (14) When you yourself see them eating, you will allow that I am right. (15) One more blemish may be put up with where there are a thousand already.

iske ki i (1) Siwae turn naukari karo aur ko'i surat nahin. (2) Jabtak ki ap meri istid'a na qabul karenge pind na chhoriinga. (3) Jahantak hosake ifsha is raz ka na hone pawe. (4) Malika ne pachas baras se ziyada guzre honge ki julus farmaya. (5) Aisi jagah baitho ki jahan se meri awaz ba-khubi kan pare. (6) Jahfin turn bahut baras za'e' kar-chuke ho chand din aur sahi.

(7) Jab apne sir par an-bani chin bol-gaya. (8) Abhi tare chhitake hue the ki woh apne ma'mul par namaz-i- subh ke waste utha. (9) Ankh ka band hona tha ki woh ek dusri dunya men tha. (10) Jo tohfa jahan kahin hath ana amanat mere pas le-ana. (11) Pauch chha qadam na gaya hoga ki daf'atan awfiz ek admi ki nazdik se suni. PART II. 23

(12) Usi jagah ja baitho jahan pahle main turn se do char hua. (13) Ba'd iske ki main ne tere sath aisi neki ki thi ab to bura'i kyun karne la gun. (14) Main ne qabl iske ki woh kuchh shikayat kare ma-fi-zamir uska daryaft kiya. (15) Usko ek hafta hua ki shikar khelne gaya tha.

EXERCISE XXII.

(1) TJe* some external pressure be brought to bear that he may drop legal proceedings. (2) My comrades determined to drown themselves in the sea that they might escape such a cruel death. (3) My brothers held out inducements to the end that I might journey in their company. (4) So much explanation suffices to let you know that I am informed of your cir- cumstances. (5) Keep your hand upon the child lest she should start up in alarm during her sleep. (6) As this verb is intransitive, the sign of the Agent is not used with the Past tenses. (7) As you are fond of obliging me, I feel sure you will not grudge me (help) in this matter also. (8) You had better post a sentry here too, for this I ravine is, so to speak, the postern of the place. (9) cross-examined him because they say he was one of the deceased man's intimates. (10) Do not take his part, for his criminality is unquestionable.

(1) Ajb kya hai ki fareb diya ho ta tujhko apne se razi kare. (2) Azbaski meri taraf mukhabbiron ke hu'i. bayan se ko'i bat pa'i nahin ga'i lihaza talabi nahin (3) Udhar se tarikh-i-rawanagi likh-bhejna ta ki main istiqbal ki tayyari'an bar-pa kar-dun. (4) Zarra, unka 24 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES.

munh nritha karo aisa na ho hamare mo'amalamen klialal dalen. (5) Chunk! yeh fe'l muta'addi hai to siga-i-mazi men 'alamat-i-fa'il zarur ati. (6) Tujhko apni khata ka iqrar karna chahi'e kyunki bagair iqrar ki'e safa'i nahin ho-sakti. (7) Is murad se tadaruk diya. chahi'e ki log use dekhkar 'ibrat pakren. (8) Zaban sambhalkar bplo kis li'e ki auron ki mazammat tumhare haqq men pesh na ja'egi. (9) Usne lote ko hilaya ta daryaft ho usmen kya chiz bhari hai. (10) Jo ki usne bachpan men angrezi sikhi thori bahut maharat rakhta hoga.

EXEEC3SE XXIII.

If a i (1) Aristotle has written this proverb single swallow appears, it is no proof that Spring has come. (2) If you study with application, I warrant you will be able to read (correctly) in four months. (3) I will narrate my adventures if you wish to hear them. (4) If it can be managed, the bridge will be ready to- day. (5) If you value your life, act on my advice. (6) If he escapes danger this year, he will have a long life. (7) I will send the (missing) leaf if I find it. (8) Were you to see my condition at all hours, you would wonder how I keep alive. (9) If I have erred inadvertently, I hope you will pardon my error. (10) Would that this sick man may be your brother Ganim.

(1) Sach puchhi'e to kah-dun ki woh ahmaq hai. (2) Bane to kahin iski na'lbandi karwa-dun. (3) Jo turn khafa na ho to ukhri ukhri baton se kya garz. (4) Agar tu chillaya to main tujhko mar hi dalunga. PART II. 25

(5) Agar teri shadi in tanon men se jiske sath kar-dunga dusre do naraz honge. (6) Apni 'izzat agar manzur hai puch-bafi'on se baz a'o. (7) Mauqa' ho kal iski kasr nikal-lunga. (8) Kya khub hai ki barsat shuru' ho.

(9) Kash mujhe rukhsat ri'ayati mil to ja'e. (10) Mera bas chale to rishwat-sitani ka insidad tajwiz-hoga.

EXERCISE XXIV.

If not 171 1 (1) I had answered him back, he would have left me alive. (2) Had there been any necessity, I should have helped without your telling me. (3) Had he been familiar with this science, he would have easily solved this problem. (4) If you had not arrived, I should have been off long ago. (5) Had the earth opened, I would (gladly) have been swallowed up. (6) If this garden had contained three things more, it would have been unrivalled. (7) How well were it if this money had been given to the needy ! (8) You ought to have inspected the riding-school. (9) Would that all pos- sessed the discretion which God has given you ! (10) Would that before inviting (your friend) to dinner you had asked (whether it was convenient) at home !

(1) Haisiyat se agar ham basar auqat karte to yeh tihidasti hargiz na hoti. (2) Woh shikayat kar raha tha ki kash main paida hi na hua hota. (3) Mera bas chalta to qimarbazi band kar-deta. (4) Usko itni firasat kahan thi ki is ima ko samajh-leta. (5) Log usko chhura na dete to main usko adh-mua kar-chuka hota (or tha). (6) Tujhe chahi'e tha ki is nazuk waqt men meri ham- 26 TRANSLATION OF EXEECISES. dardi karta. (7) Idhar se pesh-qadami hoti to udhar ki fitrat khul- parti. (8) Hakim ka kaha manta to main ne sharab kab ka ko chhor-diya hota. (9) Kash main is phande men na phansta hota. (10) Khush to main tabhi hota ki jab safa'i hoga'i hoti.

EXEECISE XXV.

not have the i (1) Though these monkeys may gift of speech like men, yet they must be talking to- gether in such language as they have. (2) Although all tried to make him understand, he did not abandon his a opposition. (3) My brothers will never obtain such rarity as this, though they traverse the universe. (4) You have no love or affection left for me, albeit I ara so

devoted to you. (5) Granted that thousands wander about in search of employment without success, yet those who have employment are men like yourself. (6) I am a

silly sucking babe, no doubt, but all the same I don't wish

anyone to interfere with my proceedings. (7) No matter in what circumstances a man is placed, he will derive advantage from knowledge. (8) No matter how many cases are on the file, it is impossible but that they should be decided on the appointed date. (9) Though it may be four kos distant, an object will be as visible to you by means of the telescope as if it were close at hand. (10) Where a man's condition remains the same for years, no matter how good and pleasant it may be, he cannot help becoming discontented with it.

(1) Qarzdar harchand 'uzr karta raha ki yeh

dastawez ja'li hai, tahain harkar apne dastkhat se inkar PART II. 27 na kar-saka. (2) Go ki turn mujhe nahin pahchante ho, magar main tumko khub pahehanta him. (3) Kaisa hi asan kam ko nau-amoz ko mushkil ma'lum hua karta hai

(4) Ba-wujudeki turn ne apne ta'in mardon ke bhes men banaya hai, lekiu awaz se mujhe ma'lum hai ki turn

'aurat ho. (5) Mana ki insan ki tabi'aten mukhtalif hoti hain, magar yeh kya sabab hai ki khandan men muwafaqat na ho. (6) Agarchi larkon ki tarbiyat aur tahzib la-budd hai, lekin namuna shart hai. (7) Main to isko farokht nahiu karne ka, agarchi tu ab kitna hi kuchh de. (8) Go ki woh qissa tul tawil hai magar bahut hi dilchasp hai. (9) Fauj ne agarchi is qadr niehnat o jan-fishani ki fateh-yab nahin hu'i. (10) Mai- noshi par marte ho, halanki yeh amr mahz khilaf-shar* hai.

EXEECISE XXVI.

182, (1) Say 'Sir,' and 'Sir' will be said to you. (2) I gave you this very order, did I not ? (3) It is easy for some folk to tell lies difficult for others. (4) Having heard the application he remained silent, and gave no answer to the applicant one way or the other. (5) Thousands of much better men than me are about search of no one knocking (in employment) ; notices them. (6) I looked for him in all directions not a trace was to be found. (7) I never even heard the name of the place, to say nothing of having seen it. (8) Well, I have enjoyed a sight of you please God, I shall (soon) hear you speak too. (9) I did not print these volumes at own cost the my ; publisher printed 28 TRANSLATION OF EXERCISES. them at his own risk. (10) The earth moves round the

' ' sun, I allow. Why allow ? Say, rather, it does move (round the sun).

Ba'z , (1) log 'ilm-i-hikmat par fida hain ba'zon ko riyazi ka ziyada shauq hai. (2) Mujhko bat karne ka bhi yara na tha hansne ka kya zikr. (3) Main ne ki rukhsat darkhwast ki saf jawab mila. (4) Ap ne taj-mahall ~ko dekha hai na. (5) Ko'i kambakht kiwar ke darzon men jhankta hai hushkardo. (6) Ham to sara jangal jhar-chuke kahin shikar ka surag na mila. (7) Is men meri kya e'tiraz main ahbab ka khadim hun. (8) Main bhi bala ki sonewali thi murdon se shart bandhkar soti. (9) Yahan ek akhbar naya jari hone-wala bai uske do ishtehar is khatt ke sath bhejta hun. (10) San 1282 hijri shuru' hue san ] 212 ki meri wiladat hai ab ke Rajab ke mahine se sattarwan sal shuru' hoga.

EXERCISE XXVII.

is is one what one t (1) What right thing, and wishes is another. (2) Nausea was no sooner felt than irresistible death arrived. (3) What comparison is there between Kaja Bhoj and the oilman Ganga ? (4) Such a big business as this, and you not to know of it ! (5) Look to your own insignificance before you abuse your superiors. (6) What need was there for him to put in his word ? Then, too, he had no right to con- tradict me. (7) There has been a terrible dacoity in this in to village : accordingly the Tehsildar has come person investigate. (8) He has asked for you, so you must go. PART II. 29

(9) Write me word about Maulavi Fazl Haqq, as to why he was not released, and what his condition is in the Island how he passes his life. (10) His Excellency with a watch it was of no use to me. presented me ; well,

For four days I kept thinking I would return it, then I thought he would be offended, so at last I retained it.

(1) Kahan turn mard aur kahan main 'aurat. (2) Pahle woh aya tha phiryeh aya aur bhi ate honge. (3) Mera beta aur chori karne qabil. (4) Is qadr

mehnat aur dam nak men ana. (5) Kharif ka bira par

hua phir rabi' ki khetiyan shuru' hu'in. (6) Turn ne itni A lakriyan thons-din ki hawa k? i guzar na hua phir bhi

turn puchhte ho ki ag kahe ko na jalti. (7) TJsko akela chhorjaua maslahat nahin chunanchi tumhara uska sath

raha kare. (8) Pahli bazi ko sahib jita, aur dusri tisri

bazi maia ne pa'i sahib ko do bazi harne se malal hua. (9) Sang-i-miqnatis men yeh khassiyat hoti ki lohe ko jazb karta hai, aur jisqadr ki loha uske nazdik hota hai

usmen quwwat-i-jTizibah ziyada hoti jati. (10) Isi san- gat ne tumko pet bharkar bigara hai pas ab pachhtata hun ki main ne tumko unke yahan kyun jane ki par- wanagi di thi.

EXEECISE XXVHI.

(1) -^- re ^e an(i y u a^ enmity, or not? (2) Either do your work, or be off. (3) Am I awake or dreaming? (4) I love the sons of Adam, be they Musalman, Hindu, or Christian, and count them my brethren. (5) Search as you will, no Musalman is to be found in the city prince, pauper, or tradesman. 30 TRANSLATION OP EXERCISES.

(6) Neither is he satisfied with his pay, nor am I pleased with bis work. (7) Do not take fire from between two men, or they will quarrel. (8) I did not get your first letter, which you refer to in this, else I should have answered it as a matter of course. (9) Neither the Sultan nor the Czar did aught it was the cartridge, and nothing else, that caused the Indian Mutiny. (10) His temper was so bad before his illness, that his family regarded him as an ogre. He no sooner set foot inside the house than a panic fell upon all, small and great alike, whereas now you may beat a drum over his head and he does not mind.

0) Main ne ko'i qusur na to khuda ka kiyfi hai aur na insan ka. (2) Ya to mera sath do ya chalte phirte nazar a'o. (3) Saya men lota rakho nabin to dudh bigrega. (4) Sara shahr chaho Hindu chaho Mu- salman unke ifaqa ki du'a mangta hai. (5) Kya Maul- vi'on ne fatwa diya hai ki Hindustan daru-1-harb hai ki nahin. (6) Makan ke girwi-rakhne se kam nikle to

khair waraa bech-dalna. (7) Ek hafta huarnain ne jail se hath dhoya ya aj ap se ap uthkar mahfil men sha- mil bun. (8) Hais bais men bun ki aya wilayat ja'un ya garmi'on men pahar par charb-baithun. (9) Aysl turn ne apne ap se iqrar to kiya, ya kisi ne turnko ta'lim di thi. (10) Kagaz to nibar-gaya, nahin to dil bahlane ke waste aur bhi likhta.

EXERCISE XXIX.

1 said C ) He Do not put the people out of heart; I don't care a fig if my own expenses are reduced, but do not bully my poorly paid employes. (2) All PART II. 31 the rest of the chiefs are seated, but the Maharaja has not yet arrived. (3) I can't think of a good man just now but stay, the list of applicants is at hand some- one or other suited to my ideas may turn up. (4) There is nothing wrong in taking money from your father nay more, there is nothing wrong in asking for it his money is really your own. (5) No one speaks of him by the bare name of Hasan, but they call him Khwaja

Hasan. (6) Black indeed ! why, he is, so to say, an up- turned griddle ! (7) You were very ill, but now your counlenance shows that this is a thing of the past.

(8) The horse lashed out again and again, but no one was kicked. (9) This is not a dog you keep but a money- changer. (10) All the girls were poor in comparison with the Begam, but, compared with each other, one was well-of, another middling, another very poor.

2OO. (1) Tumhara chain balki hifazat is men mun- hasar hai ki turn unki sohbat se dast-kash ho. (2) Der tak meri uski baham mushawarat hui, to bhi is fasad ke bara men kuchh tadbir na ban-pari. (3) Aisi ko'i kitab dastyab nahin magar han sarkari kutb-khana men ka'i ek sarf-nahw ki kitaben maujud hain irshad ho manga-bhejun. (4) Main ne bahut koshish ki dhaga to nake ke munh men a a-jata tha magar piroya na gay a. (5) Ap ne 'elaj kya kamal hi kiya hai. (6) Galat-fehmi kya ma'ni balki saf bat yehi hai ki turn ne jan-bujh-kar 'udul-hukmi kar to di. (7) Na main parhunga aur na tu parhega balki jis ki bari hogi. (8) Zehin kya yun kahi'e ki pet men darhi hai. (9) Ham log to khair sara shahr unki aniad ka mushtaq hai. (10) Lakh ko'i kahe magar sab se ziyada apni jan har ek ko pyari hoti hai. 32 TRANSLATION OP PASSAGES

TRANSLATION OF SELECTED PASSAGES IN PART III.

SECTION I.

Ek murg bhuk se be-tab hokar dana ki just-ju men kure ke anbar ko kurid-raha tha bahut der ke ba'd nagah ek besh-qimat moti nikla moti ko dekhkar murg ne dard o hasrat ke sath ah ki aur kaha afsos meri bad- qismati itni jankahi ke ba'd mujhko mila bhi to moti jis se na mere dil ko tashaffi hosakti hai aur na meri bhuk ko taskin yeh moti agar kisi jauhari ya daulatmand ko milta to woh iski qadr karta aur isko 'aziz rakhta lekin mere li'e aisi bhuk men jowar ka ek dana aise aise lakh moti'on se bahut behtar tha.

2,

Ek sust admi se kisi ne puchha ki tumhari ankh to subh ko savere khulti hai lekin itne din charhe tak bichhone men pare pare kya kiya karte ho usne jawab diya ki main ek bara pechdar muqaddama faisala kiya karta hun jab men ankh khulti hai to do shakhs mere pas ate hain ek ka nam chalaki hai aur dusre ka nam susti woh shakhs jiska nam chalaki hai mujhse kahta IN PART III. 33 hai ki jald uthkar dunya ke kar o bar men masruf hona zarur hai iske jawab uien woh dusra shakhs jiska nam susti hai kahta hai ki abhi uthna kuchh zarur nahin dunya ke kain ke waste tamam din para hai yeh khunuki ka waqt aram ke waste hai garz bahut der tak yeh demon mukhalif ek dusre ko qa'il ma'qulkarte rahte hain aurmain donon men panchayat kiya karta hun turn hi insaf karo ki aisa mushkil muqaddama kyunkar jald faisala hosakta. hai.

3,

Ek pir-mard aur uska beta donon safar men the aur ek tattu sath tha tattu par orhna bichhona ladte aur donon bap-bete pa' on pa'on chalte logon ne dekha aur kaha dekho yeh donon kaise ahmaq hain tattu ko kotal rakhte hain aur khud taklit' uthate hain yeh sunkar pir- mard khud tattu par sowar ho-liya tab phir logon ne kaha dekho be-rahm bap ko Tip to maze men tattu par sowar hai aur beta pa'on pa'on pichhe ghisatta hua chala ata hai tab pir-mard tattu par se utar-para aur bete ko sowar kar-diya phir bhi logon ne kaha dekho be- adab aulad ko buddha bap to pa'on pa'on chalta hai aur khud be-haya hatta-katta jawan sowar hai tab buddha tattu par age sowar hua aur bete ko apne pichhe bitha- diya tab bhi logon ne kaha ma'lum hota hai tattu mange ka hai asbab ke 'alawa do admi lad-li'e hain inko bhi kuchh tars nahin ata.

4,

Sher aur richh aur chita aur bheriya charon shikar ki just-ju men the sab ne salah ki ki a'o charon milkar darya ki tara'i men chalen aur shikar karen jo shikar 3 34 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

milega charon milkar barabar hissa bant-lenge - ittifaqan nilgae ko mara aur ba-mujib qaul o qarar ke char hisse ki'e qarib tha ki har ek apna apna hissa le itne men sher bola suno bha'i yeh ek hissa to ba-mujib 'ahd o paiman ke mera hai aur dusre hissa ka main is waste da'widar hun ki main jangal ka badshah hun kahin shikar ho mujhko chaharam ba-taur khiraj ke milta hai aur tisra hissa main is wajh se lunga ki us men dil o jigar hai jisko turn jante ho ki meri giza hai raha chautha hissa so main nahin janta turn tinon men usko kyunkar taqsim karun is se behtar hai ki usko bhi apne hi sarf men la'un yeh kahkar sher charon hisse chat-kar-gaya aur sab ke sab munh dekhte ke dekhte rah-ga'e.

5.

Ek murg darakht ki dal par baitha hua khuslii ki halat men azan par azan de-raha tha ek billi ne usko dekha aur chaha ki kisi dhab se niche utarkar u ska kam tamain kare billi ne be-takalluf hokar murg

se sahib-salamat ki aur kahne lagi ki miyan rnurge kya turn ne manadi nahin suni murg ne kaha kaisi manadi billi ne kaha aha tumko abtak khabar nahin das din se barabar panchayat ho-rahi thi dunya bhar ke janwar cha- rand parand jam' the sab ne qaul o qasam kiya ki ayanda do ko'i janwar kisi par zulm na kare aur na kisi ko sita'e sab amn o chain se zist karen is qaul o qasam ka ek mahzar bankar sab janwaron ke dastkhatt hu'e bad- shah ya'ni sher ke darbar men woh mahzar parha-gaya murg ne kaha ki subhana'1-lah bari khushi ki bat hai aur bara khadsha daf hua isi darmiyan men murg apni gardan ko daraz karke is tarah kurkuraya ki goya ko'i khaufnak chiz nazar pari billi ne puchba khair to hai kya dekhkar dare murg ne jawab diya kuchh nahin do shi- IN PART III. 35

kari kutte daure chale ate hain yeh suiikar billi dura daba chalne lagi mure: ne kab.fl kyun bi gurba khanam kahjin tashrif li'e jate ho ab to amn-chain ka waqt hai billi ne kaha sach hai lekin kva ma'lum ki in kutton ne bhi manadi ko suna hai ya nahin shayad tumhari tarah abtak be-khabar hon.

6.

Ek dehati garib admi ne chhatt >n men se shahad jam' kiya aur ek ghare men bharkar shahr ki taraf bechne ko le-chala rah men tanha tha dil hi dil men baten karta

jata tha is ne yeh khayali mansuba bandha ki is shahad ko bechkar murgi ka jora lun aur jab murgi pure ba'is ande de to us se bachche nikalwa'un aur jab bachche bare hon aur sab ande dene lagen to sab ko andon par bithata ja'un isi tarah sau murgiyan jam' karke bechun aur bak- riyon ka rewar palun phir bakriyon se barhate barhate A ga'en aur bhainsen palun aur isi tarah bara admi ho-ja'iin kisi amir ke ghar byah karun aulad ho bete ke waste dar- waza par ustad naukar rakhun ate jate larke ko pukar pukar parhta hua dekhun aur khush hokar larke ko god men utha-lun larke ko uthane ke khayal men uska sir jhuk-gaya aur shahad ka ghara girkar tut-gaya aur sab aude bachche bakri gae bhains bibi larka ustad kunbe ka kunba usi shahad men bah-gaya.

7,

Ek garib aur munis admi thore dinon men amir-kabir bangaya jis kam men hath dalta naf' hota jo tijarat karta fa'ida milta to woh shakhs logon men apni dauish- mandi aur tadbir ki ta'rif karta ki yeh daulat main ne ne apni 'aql ke zor se paida kiya hai fulane sal main 3 * 36 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES ru'i kharidi aurmainne samajh-liya ki mulk Amerika men lara'i shuru' hogi aur tab ru'i bahut giran bo-ja'egi chii-

nanchi jaisa main lie socha tha waisa hi hua fulan ga'on jab main ne mol liya to usmen bar sal khasara hota tha main ne aisa intizam kiya ki ab hazaron. rupaya ki bachat hoti hai Batesur ke mele men das bachhere main ne mol

li'e aur log unko giran ankte the main ne Eajwara men chaugune damon par farokht ki'e aur isi tarah ki hazaron misalen logon ke rubaru bayan kiya karia tha-chand roz ke ba'd zamana ki gardish aur bad-iqbali ne usko ghera do baras men khali hath rah-gaya makan girne shuru' hii'e kirayadaron ne kiraya ki ek kauri na di ga'on men pani na barsa aur kuchh anaj paida na hua gA,e bhains ghora unt sab ke sab aisi waba a'i ki faint ho-ga'e ghar men ag lagi tainam asbab jalkar khak hogaya naqd jo tha chori hogaya to woh shakhs qismat ko bura kahta qismat ne apni bura'i sunkar us se kaha ki o na-

shukr bad-zat jitiii behtari thi woh to apni 'aql aur tadbir

ki taraf mansub kartA. tha aur jis qadr bura'i hai tnujh- ko lasrata hai.

8.

Ek musafir ko bayaban men zor ki bhuk ma'lum hu'i dekha to ek khajur ke darakht men lal lal khajuren lag- rahi hain yeh shakhs rassi ki anti pa'on men laga da- rakht par charh-gaya, jab choti par pahuncha to anti pa'on se nikal zamin par gir-pari yeh hai dekhkar iske hath pa'on phul-ga'e aur khajuren torni bhul-gayjl bahu- tera chillaya madd-i-nazar tak adam-zad ka pata na tha ab to is shakhs ko apne marne ka yaqin hua ki anti hai nahin jiske sabare se utrunga ko'i admi nazar nahin ata jo kuchh meri madad karega kabtak khajur se liptfi- IN PART III. 37 rahunga ko'i dam jata hai ki gira aur chikna-chur hua aisi na-ummedi ki halat men is ne mannat mani ki -cigar main salamat zauiin par pahunchun to gbar pahuuchkar untni khuda ke nam halal karun yeh kahkar ahista ahista darakht se khisalna shui-u' kiya adhi dur tak maze men utar-aya tab to iski niyat badli aur socha ki untni gabhin hai iska halal karna thik nahin bhains zabh karunga phir thori dur aur khisla aur yeh socha ki bhains dudh deti hai iske halal karne men bhi nuqsau hai bakri ko be-shakk zabh karuiiga yahan tak ki zamin se thori dur raha to bakri ka irada bhi faskh kiya aur socha ki hakri do ser dudh ki hai har chhate mahme tin

bachche deti hai phir aisi bakri milni mushkil hogi aur kafi hai matlab to jsin qurban karne se hai murgi zamin par utar-kar murgi ka Lilacb aya aur kahue laga ki khuda se bad-'ahdi buri bat hai main ne khuda ki rah

men ek jan dene ka wa'da kiya so jan to zarur deni chahi'e shailan ne salah di ki nefe se jun pakar aur mannat ad a kar is ne jhat jun nikal chat-mar-di aur woh untni jo khajur ki choti par thi pahle bhains phir bakri phir murgi phir juu bankar khuda ki rah men hala.1 hii'i.

9.

Ek martaba hath pa'on munh zaban dant halq tamam a'za pet j-e jo inka badshah hai bagi hoga'e aur sab ne ba- khudha salah ki ki dekho ham sab ke sab rat din isi

ki khidmat men lage rahte hain aur yeh pet be-sabab hamko apni golami men rakhta hai hath ne kahsi main pet ke waste kam karte karte thak-gaya kabhi mujhko pet ke \vaste lakriyan chirni parti hain kabhi iske waste bojh uthana parta hai pa'on ne kaha pet ke waste daurte ne daurte main 'ajiz a-gaya munh ne kaha pet mujhko 38 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES apni chakki bana-rakha hai garz isi tarah bar ek 'azw pet se shaki hua aur sab ne yeh 'ahd kiya ki 'ayanda ko pet ki khidinat na karenge jab yeh tamam lashkar pet se inunharif hua to pet ko har tarah ki taklif hone lagi pyas ma'lum hu'i to hath paui lene ko nahin hilta pa'on gharonchi tak nahin chalta bhuk lagi to hath roti naiiin torta munh laqma nahin leta tab pet ne bhi sab lashkar ki tankhwahen aur jagiren mauquf aur zabt kin khun ka ratib band kiya aur bagion ka lashkar bhukon marne laga har ek sipahi kamzor hogaya akhir ko majbur hokar tamam a'za ne pet ke huzur men hazir hokar khata mo'af kara'i aur ba-dastur-i-sabiq pet ki khidinat karni qabul ki.

to,

Ek kachhwe ko safar darpesh tha is ki just-ju hu'i ki ko'i sathi mile to safar karun ittifaq se ek khargosh bhi usi taraf ko janewala tha kachhwe ne kaha ki miyan khargosh 510 ham turn sath chalen khargosh be-ikhtiyar hansa aur kaha abe ahmaq kahan tu bhadda phappas reng reng-kar paharon men ek balisht zamin chalta. hai aur kahan main bijli ki manind lapakta hun hawa ki tarah urta hun bhala mera tera kya sath kachhwe ne kaha yeh sahih magar nianzil par khuda ne chaha ap se age hi pihunchunga yaqin na ho to shart bandh-liji'e chunan- chi yeh shart hu'i ki jo hare uske kan kate ja'en kachh- wa ahista ahista apni chal chalne laga khargosh do chha- langon men nazar se ga'ib hogaya thori dur age j/ikar khargosh ne socha ki jitna main chal-chuka hun sham tak kachhwe ko yahanana mushkil hai main jaldi kyun karun la'o so-rahun khargosh aram se so-raha kachhwa bari rler ke ba'd gbisatta ghisatta aya dekha to harif sota hai chupke chal-diya bari rat ga'e khargosh jaga to kacliwa nazar na IN PART III. tf aya ap hi ap kahne laga allah re sust-qadam niiy an kacbh- we abtak tashrif nahiu la'e khair chalen sara'i men rat ko raheii kal to miyan kachhwe a hi ja'enge jaun sara'i men qadain rakha dekha to kacbhwa maujud khargosh ko dekhte hi kachhwa bola ki la'iye hazrat kan khargosh dum dabakar aisa bhaga ki aj tak kanon ke dar ke mare bhaga bhaga phirta hai.

11,

Aftab aur hawa men ek martaba bahs ho-pari har ek apne ta'in zabardast kahta tha hawa ne kaha. main bare bare darakht aur 'alishan makan balki pahar ukharkar phenk-deti hun jahaz dubo-deti hun andhi bankar din ko rat bana-deti hun jis din zarra phurahri Km dunya ke tamam kam band kar-dun aftab ne kaha meri taish ke age ko'i nahin thair sakta pahar jalne lagte hain lakhon man barf pigalkar pani hojata hai samundar khaulne lagtii hai jo mera. muqabala karta hai uska munh hi to jhulas-deta hun akhir ko yell qarar paya ki a'o donon ek khass cbiz par zor-azma'i karen ek musafir be-chara ki shamat a'i yeh garib lubada orhe chala jatatha yeh shart hu'i ki dekhen iska lubada kaun utrwa-sakta hai hawa ne tezi shuru' ki aur lubada men bharkar musafir ko le- uri lekin musafir ne lubada khiib har taraf se lapet-liya phir aftab ne ahistaci ke sath dhup nikali to mu- safir ne thori der men lubada utar-phenka aur maidan aftab ke hath raha.

12,

Ek bheriya aur lomri aur gadha tinon baithe hu'e apas men baten karte the dunya ki na-pa'fdari ka taz- kira tha akhir sab ne yeh salah ki ki chalo fulane bu- zurg ke mazar par apne apne gunahon ka iqrar karke 40 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES tauba karen jangal men kisi kamil ka maqbaratha tinon wahan ga'e aur bar ek ne apne gunah bayan karne shuru' ki'e bheriye ne kaha hae meri magfirat kyunkar hogi main ne to ek zulm aisa kiya hai ki jab mujhko yad-ata hai mere rungte khare ho-jate hain ek kambakht bakri ke char bachche the woh bakri in bachchon ko chhorkar apna pet bharne ke li'e logon ke gharon men phira karti thi bakri ki yeh be-rahmi ki woh bachchon ki khabar nahin leti mujhko na-pasand hu'i aur main ne bakri ko mardala phir main ne socha ki ab yeh bachche be ma ke akhir ko mar-ja'enge nahaqq kyun musibat utha'en khuda 'alim hai sirf isi kbayal se main ne unko bhi kha- liya yeh kahkar bheriya rone laga.

13.

Lomri ne kaha ae mere nek-mizaj aur narmdil dost mat ro aur mat afsos kar harchand tu ne bakri aur uske bachchon ko mara lekin khuda to niyat ko dekhta hai donon martaba teri niyat men bhala'i thi bakri to wajibu- 1-qatl thi is waste ki bachchon ki parwarish nahiu karti thi aur bachchon ke marne men bhi main khub janti hun tera kuchh apna matlab na tha tu ne unko yatimi aur be-madari ke 'azab se najat di aur tujhko be shakk sawab ki ummed rakhni chahi'e phir lomri ne kaha mushkil to mujh kam-nasib ki hai dekhi'e qiyamat men mera kya hai hoga aur kyunkar main bakhshi-ja'ungi main ne to woh kam kiya hai ki duzakhbhi mujhse panah mangegi ek shahhs ke ghar men bahut murgiyan pali hu'i thin har waqt yeh kambakht apas men lara karte aur chikhte aur gul machate tamam hamsayon ka dam nak men tha na sirf darba balki tamam mahalla in murgiyon ne najis kar-diysi tha jehan dekho bit jidhar jao gandagi IN PART III. 41 aur yeh niurg aise na-hamwar the mahalla-walon ke bar- tanon men psiui pite the roz faryad hu'a karti thi ma- halla-walon ki musibat sunte sunte mera kale a yeh j pak- - utha tha ek roz mujhse zabt na ho-saka aur main ue darba men jakar sab ko chir-phar safa-chat kar-dala yeh kah- kar lomri be-tahasha rone lagi. Bheri'e ne sunkar kaha ae nek-bakht bibi kyiin itua roti hai ismeu to tera kuchh bhi qusur nahin woh inurg sab ke sab isi saza ke la'iq the tu ne unko markar aisa sawab kamaya hai ki be-hisab jannat men chali ja'egi.

14.

Phir lomri aur bheri'e ue kaha ki miyan gadhe turn l.hi apni khatzi bayan karo gadhe ne kaha na mere panje ki kisi ko pharun aur na mere dant ki kisi ko katun 'umr bhar men mujhse do qusur hue ek to yeh ki ek din main bahut bhuka tha aur mujhpar ghas ladi hu'i thi main ne malik ki be-ijazat thori ghas nikalkar kha-li dusre ek roz main chala jata tha larke mujhko nahaqq sitane lage main ne ek larke ki taraf du-latti chala'i magar kisi ke lagi nahin lekiii main phir bhi gunah ka iqrar karta hun bheriya bola o badzat aise bare bare ikhatte do do gunah aur tu ummedwar bakhshish ka hai tu ne malik ke mal men khiyanat karke ghas kha-li jis se nahin ma'lum kitne jauwar bhuke mare aur tu ne larke par du-latti chala'i agar woh larka mar-jjita to ek jan ka ziyan huatha uske mabap aur 'aziz o aqarib kunbe ka kunba uske gam. men halak hota lomri ne kaha waqi' men aisi khata'on ki mo'afi uahin ho-sakti main ne aj tak aisi bat nahin suni thi yeh gadha sirf gunahgar nahin hai balki kafir-ni'aniat kha'in safl'ak-i-bebak hone ki wajh se waj ibu-1-qatl hai yeh kahkar bheriya aur lomri gadhe ko lipat-ga'e aur phar-dala. 42 TRANSLATION OP PASSAGES

SECTION II.

1.

Zamana sabiq men ahl-i-farang ko Hindustan men ane ke H'e samundar ka rasta ma'lum na tha yahan ki tijarat sirf Iran 'Arab Misr aur Chin-walon ke sath hua karti thi log apne jahaz khalij-i-'Arab aur Bangala tak

chalaya karte samundar ko bahr-i-be-kinar jaiikar un khalijon se qadam bahar nahin dharte phir yeh to kab unki himmat ho-sakti ki bahr-i-Hind se barhkar Afrika ki magrabi taraf balir-i-Atlantik men pahunchte magar jo chizen ki Hindustan se jahazon par Misr aur Basra ko jati thin aur wahan se khushki ki rah Farangistau men a'i thin un chizon men itna naf hota, tha ki ahl-i- farang yahan ki rah-i-rast talash karne men bare sargarm rahte the ko'i yeh sochkar ki zamin ba-shakl-i-kura hai apna jahaz sidha magrab ko chalata aur Amerika ke kinare se jakar ruk-jata ko'i yeh samajhkar ki zamin ki cbaron taraf pani hai kinare kinare shimal ko le-jata aur bahr-i-shimali ke jame hue barf men phans-rahta aur ko'i is khayal se ki Hindustan Afrika ke mashriq men waqi' hai uske gird ghumne ko nikalta aur adhi dur Jake mare tufan ke pichhe mur-ata aur us jagah ka nara Ras-tufan rakhtsl yahan tak ki san 1497 'iswi men Por- tugal ke badshah Emmanuel ne Vasco da Gama ko tin jahaz dekar janubki rah Hindustan ke jane kahukm kiya chunanchi us ne na kuchh tufan ka khayal kiya aur na Ras-tufan ka chalte chalte gyara mahine ke 'arse men Afrika ke gird ho Malebar ke kinare Kallikot men a Ian- gar dala. IN PART III. 43

2,

Portugal- walon ki dekba-dekhi Dach aur Farasis bhi apne jahaz idhar lane lage phir yeh kab ho-sakta tha ki Angrez chiip-chap baithe rahen san 1599 'iswi men London ke chand tajiron ne bahara shirkat karke tis lakh riipaya ka sarmaya jam' kiya aur malika Elizabeth se jo us zamana men wahanki farman-rawa thi is mazmun ki ek sanad le-li ki pandra baras tak bagair unki ijazat ke ko'i dusra hamwatan admi bilad-i-sharqi men tijarat na karne pawe aisi shirkat ko angrezi men Company kahte hain isi li'e un sharikon ka nTim East India Com- pany par-gaya jo jalsa un shuraka, ka sih-mahiwar sal men char daf'a hua karta tha woh Court of Proprietors ya'ni malikon ki kachahri kahlata tha is jalsa men jo shakhs ki panch hazjir rupaya ya us se ziyada ka hissadar tha woh mujaz rae dene ka mutasawwar hota tha aur ikhtiyar waz' karne a'in aur qanun aur taqsim-i-naf ka bhi inhin logon ko hasil tha bahVi intizam ke waste yeh log apne darmiyan se jo chaubis adrni niuqarrar kar- dete the unka, laqab Court of Directors ya'ni nazimon ki kachahri tha. aur jo sharik bis hazar se kam ka hissadstr tha woh khidmat-i-Directory ke li'e muntakhab nahin ho- sakta thii aur is Court ka mir-majlis ko Chairman kahte the.

Hindustan men hote hote tin ehata, hoga'e jo Kalkatta Bomba'i Mandras ke nam se mashhur hain aur tinon men ek ek President ya'ni peshwa apni apni Council samet rahne lage us waqt sarkar Company ke mulazimon ke kull char darje the ek mutasaddi jo panch baras tak Hindu- stan men rahte the dusre factors ya'ni kothi-wale jinki muddat-i-qiyam ptmch baras se ath baras tak thi tisre chhote saudagar jinki muddat-i-qiyam ath baras se gyara baras tak thi chauthe bare saudagar jinko gyara baras 44 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES se ziyada bud o bash thi inhin bare saudagaron ke purane sahib muntakhab hokar Council ke Member hua karte the.

3,

San 1715 'iswi men Kalkatta ke President ne kuchh tohfa taha'if dekar do Factor ko ba-taur elchion ke Farrukhsiyar ke darbar men bheja us zarnana men bad- shah ki tabi'at sakht 'alii thi lekin jab husn-i-ittifaq se badshah Doctor Hamilton ke mo'alaja se jo ham- rah un safiron ke gaya tha changa hogaya. to farmaya ki in'am to rnang jo mslngega munh manga pawega is ne apne li'e kuchh nahin manga lekin 'arz kiya ki agar jehan-panah manzur karen to Company ko Bangala men arthtis ga'on ki zamindari kharidiie ki ijazat mile aur jo jo mal Company ksl rawa,na hua, kare uske mahsul ke li'e talsishi se mo'af rahe sach pvichho to Doctor Hamilton ne bari 'A,li-himmati ka kitm kiya ki apne hi fa'ida se apne mulk-walon ka fa'ida muqaddam samjha un dinon men Hindustan se chint aur suti kapra Inglistiln ko bahut jaya kartA, tba chvmanchi angrezon ka us waqt yeh matlab tha ki Kalkatta ke gird-nawah zamindari leke is

4 azizon ke mal par bhi dastkhatt-i-mo'afi kar-deta tha. IN PART III. 45

4,

Phir Sirajuddaula ne zabani ek qasid ke angrezon se yeh kahla-bheja ki turn qil'a ki uiazbuti mat karo is bat par angrezon ne kuchh tawajjoh na ki tab Sirajud- daula ka khun josh men aya aur gusse ho pahle to Qasim- bazar ki kothi zabt kar-li aur ba'd uske Kalkatta ke qil'a men ja ghera ittifaqaii us waqt qil'a men sau gore sipahi bhi maujud nathe qil'a ke bachue ki ko'i ummed na rahi bahut se angrez mayus hokar Governor Drake ke sath jahaz aur kishtiyon par sowar hokar chale ga'e jo bechare qil'a men rah-gae the diisre din nawwab ki fauj ke hath giriftar hu'e jab unke at'sar Holwell sahib ko mushken baudhkar Sirajuddaula ke rubaru hazir la'e tab usne fauran uski mushken khulwa-din aur kaha ki turn sab khfitir-jam' rakho tumhara. kuchh zarar na hoga lekin rat ko jab qaidion ke rahne ke li'e ko'imakan na mila tab Sirsijuddaula ke admion ne 146 angrezon ko ekkothri men jo sirf 18 foot tul aur 14 foot 'arz men thi band kar-diya is kothri ko angrezi zaban men Black Hole ya'ni kala bil kahte hain jo kuchh un qaidion ki jan par guzra wohi jaiite honge bahutere zakhmi the bahutere sharab ke nasha men garmi ki shiddat thi pyas be-qiyas thi subh ko jab darwaza khula to un men se sirf 23 zinda nikle magar unki suraten murdon se bhi badtar thin.

5.

Glive tin hazar admi aur nau zarb-top lekar Kalkatta se rawana hua aur udhar se Sirajuddaula ma' chalis pachas Farasison ke ba-jarni'at pachas hazar sowar aur paidal aur top-khana ke jis men chalis se ziyada topen thin Palasi tak a pahuncha 23 May san 1757 4G TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

- 'iswi ko usi jagah lara'i hu'i pahle to Sirajuddaula ne apni pagri Mir Ja'far ke qadamon par rakh-di aur kaha ki ap darguzar farma'iye us ne yehi salah di ki kal par

lara'i mauquf rakhi'e fauj ko pichhe hata-liji'e aur Rai Dullabh Diwan ne bhi yeh 'arz kiya ki huzur ka Murshid- abad hi tashrif le-chalna behtar hai -fauj ka pichhe hatna. tha aur angrezon ka chiton ki tarah hiranon par lapakna nawwab ki fauj bhagi aur Company ki fauj chha mil tak barabar ta'aqqub ki'e chali a'i isi fateh-jang Palasi se g-oya angrezi 'amaldtlri ki bunyad Hindustan men qa'im hu'i phirto Sirajuddaula ke panon Murshidabad men bhi na jame bharosa to use kisi ka tha hi nahin aur bharosa use tab ho-sakta ki jab usne kisi ke sath bhala'i ki hoti nachar ek begain aur ek khwaja-sara. ke sath wahan se bhaga lekin jab Rajmahal ke nazdik pahuncha use ek faqir ne jiske kisi zamana men usne nak kan katwa-dale the pahchan-liya aur fauran uski khabar wahan ke hakim ge jo Mir Ja'far kfi bha'i tha kar-di us hakim ne nawwab ko mushken bandhkar Murshidabad bhej-diya Mir Ja'far ko to khair nawwab ke hal par kisi qadr rahm bhi aya lekin uska beta Miran nira patthar tha Lagair apne bap ke ittila' ki'e use qatl karwa-dala.

6.

Is zamana men Haidar 'All Maisur ka farmaii-rawa tha is ka bap nawwab Sira ki riyasat men rutba-i- piyadagi se mansab-i-faujdari par pahunch-gaya tha. aur yeh khud Maisur ke Diwan ki fauj men rahte rahte aur shuja'at aur mardanagi ka kam karte karte aisa barha ki wahan ke Raja ke li'e to pension muqarrar kar-di aur ap tamam mulk ka malik ban-baithaaur Bidnaur mendafina pakar charou taraf apni 'amaldari ko barhane laga san IN PART III. 47

1767 'iswi men Nizam 'Ali ne Maisur par charha'i ki angrezi fauj bhi 'ahd ke muwafiq uska sath di Haidar to isi fauj se maidan men shikast khiikar subahdar se akar mil- gay a phir in donon ne muttafiq hokar sattar bazar fauj se angrezon ka muqabala kiya lekin angrezon ne barah hazar fauj se un sab ko shikast di aur 64 zarb topen nnki ohhin lin ba'd iske Nizam 'Ali ne to kuchh de dila- kar angrezon se phir sulh kar-li aur Haidar 'Ali ba-dastur mutawatir lara'iyan larta raha in lara'iyon men kabhi uska kuchh nuqsan hojata aur kabhi angrezon ka yahan tak ki san 1768 'iswi men Haidar 'Ali ne bhi angrezon se sulh ki tarafain ne jisne jiske 'alaqa le-li'e the woh sab wapas kar-di'e aur donon ne babam apni apni hifazat ke H'e mo'awanat-i-ham-digar ka 'ahd o paiman kar-liya.

7,

Majbiir hokar Tipu ne sarkar Company se sulh kar-li thi kya 'ajb ki atish-i-'adawat uske sine men bharak-rahi Governor-General ko sabit hua ki Tipu Farasison ke sath khatt-kitabat rakhta hai aur un se fikr talab karne madad ki karta hai bara zabardast hakim to lha bat

ki bat men Madras men faraham hone fauj ka hukm diya aur Tipu ko likh-bheja ki ya to Malebar ki taraf kinare samundar ke sab 'alaqa ko hawala karke farahami fauj ka kharcha chukado aur ayanda ko is mazmun ka 'ahdnama likh-do ki Fantsison se kabhi kisi tarah ka kuchh sarokar

na rakhenge aur jitne Farasis tumhari 'amaldari men rahte hon unko fauran apne yahan se nikaldo aur sarkari Resident ko qabul karo ya sarkar Company ko apna dush- man samjho jab Tipu ki taraf se iska kuchh jawab na aya to Madras aur Bombay donon janib se angrezi fauj ue Maisur par cliarha'i ki nawwab Haidarabad ki fauj 48 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES bhi is mohimm men hamrah-i-sarkar thi lekin Mabaraj Sendhia ke warglanne se Pesbwa sharik-i-imdad na Ima jab Shrirangpatan bis kos rah-gaya wahan angrezon ki fauj se aur Tipu se muqabala hua aur Tipu shikastkhakar pichhe ko hata.

8,

ki usi se Phir yeh socli-kar angrezi fauj rah jis se pesh- tar a'i thi ab bhi awegi bilkull ghas sarnan-i-rasad wagaira nist o nabud karta chala gaya lekin jab suna ki Angrez is rah se iiahin a'e dusri rah ikhtiyar ki uska dil aur bhi raha saha tut-gaya aur apne sipahiyon se kahne laga ki ab mere din an pahunche unhon lie jawab diya ki jahan ap ka pasina girega wahau hamara khun girega bila tawaqquf angrezon ne jakar Shrirangpatan ka muhasara kiya nawwab ki fauj to tamasha dekhti rahi Governor- General khud ba-zat-i-khass musta'idd-i-karzar hu'e aur chauthi

May san 1799 'iswi ko nishan augrezi qil'a par nasab kar- diya Tipu ki sirf lash mili aur larke uske hazir hu'e 929 zarb top aur ek lakh banduq ma' saz o saman ke aur qarib ek karor ek lakh rupaya ke naqd aur jawahir angrezon ke hath laga agarchi qa'ida ke ba-mujib Tipu ka sara mulk chahi'e tha ki sarkar aur nawwab ke darmi- yan munqasim ho-jata lekin Governor- General ne Nizam ke 'amaldari ko barhana munasib na jankarkuchh to Tipu ke 'alaqa men se apas men taqsim kiya aur Maisur ka qadimi Eaja jise Haidar 'Ali ne be-dakhl kiya tha uske waris ko baqi 'alaqa sipurd kar-diya aur yeh iqrar kara- liya ki ayanda ko hifazat ke li'e fauj sarkari us men raha kare aur sat lakh rupaya salana kharch ada hu'a kare aur jab zarurat pare to mulk ka intizam bhi sarkar apne taur par farmawe. IN PART III. 49

9.

Sendhia ne chaha ki Gohad ko wahfm ke Rana se iekar apne 'alaqa men milsi'e lekin chunk! us Rana ka 'ahdnama sarkar Company se hogaya tha is li'e us ne Company se madad ki darkhwast ki aur Kaplan Popham jo thori si fauj li'e hu'e General Goddard ke lashkar men shamil hone ko jata tha usne ba-mujarrad pahunchne hukm-i- sarkar ke Marhaton ko Gohad se nikal-diya aur phir unke qil'a Lahar ko fateh karke Grwaliyar ke qil'a ka ja muhasara kiya yeh qil'a khare pahar par aisi maz- V)uti aur istehkam se bana hua hai ki wahaii ke log samjhe hu'e hain ki agar das ad mi bhi qil'a men sirt' patthar dhalka-diya, karen ko'i dnshman hamla karke nahin le-sakt;\ chahe woh lakhon fauj kyun na lawe aur ab to Sendhia ke ek hazar sipahi chune hu'e ma' sab saman-i-harb o zarb ke maujud the Popham hairan tha ki kis dhab se us pahar par charhe ki husn-ittifaq se ek chor use aisa milgaya, ki jo qil'a men chori karne ke li'e ek chhipi hu'i pagdaudi se jaya karta tha isi rah se dusre din subh ko Kaptan sahib age ap aur pichhe fauj sirhiyan laga rassiyan latka khontiyan gar ghas jhariyan pakar nahin ma'lum admi hain ya bandar sab ke sab bat ki bat men pahar par charh diwar par phand qil'a ke andar ja ghuse Marhaton ne jo yakayak apne bistaron se uthkar dushman ko ajal ki tarah sir par sowar qil'a men dekha usi dam chakke chhut qil'a khali kar-diya.

10,

Ab sirf ek Jaswant Rao Holkar Indaur ka Raja baqi rah-gaya ki jisne na to Company ke sarnhne sir jhukaya 4 50 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

aur na ko'i vakil apna sarkar men bheja balki sarkari 'alaqon ko bhi be-tahasha luta kiya uske tadaruk ke li'e kuchh thori si fauj Colonel Monson ke zer-hukm rawana hu'i sahib mausuf ne Tonk ko darwaza urakar

fateh kar-liya lekin kahia dhoka, khakar Mukandara ki ghati men phanskar Holkar ke lashkar se ghir-gaya akhir-kar angrezi fauj bari bari mushkilon se wahan se nikalkar larti bhirti garmi aur barsat ki saikron taklifen uthati aur nuqsau sahti chhinn bhinn ho Agra pahunchi ab Holkar ki shekhi ka kya thikana tha fauran bis hazar sipah aur ek sau bis zarb top lekar Dilli ka ja mu- hasara kiya wahan sarkari fauj to kull fith sau thi aur top gyara par Dilli ke Resident Auchterlony ne isi muthi bhar fauj se khub Marhaton ke dsint khatte ki'e \voh to nau roz tak sir pit pitkar akhir jab Lord Lake ke ane ki khabar a'i wahan se chal-di'e.

11.

Tisri January sari 1805 'iswi ko General Lake ne Bharatpur ghera nawin ko ham la kiya. lekin jab fauj khandaq ke kinare pahunchi to ma'lum hua ki pani chhati bhar gahra hai admi bahut kam a'e ikkiswin ko dusri taraf se phir hamla kiya lekin wahan khandaq chauri itni thi ki pul jo bana-la'e the chhota para aur jab

sirhi jorkar barhana chaha to woh pul pirni men gira is men bhi bahut se admi kam a'e phir ba'iswin ko tisri taraf se hamla kiya Hindustani sipahi to khandaq par hokar diwar par charh-ga'e lekiu goron ne unka sath dene se inkar kiya is li'e unhen bhi laut-ana para 894 admi khet rahe dusre din Lake ne un goron ko jinhon ne 'udul-huknii ki thi bara sharminda kiya unhon ne

gairat men akar nehayat dilawari se chautha hamla kiya IN PAET III. 51 lekin is 'arse men qil'a-walon ne burj aur diwar ki marammat kar-li thi hamla-awaron ko rah na mili aur hazar se ziyada admi mare ga'e log thake mande aur be-dil hoga'e gola barut bhi baqi na raha rasad ka saman kharch men a- gay a nachar Lake ko fauj hatani

pari.

12,

Is zarnana men Ahmed Shah Durrani ke pote Shah Shuja' ko jo Afganistan ka amir tha uske bha'i Mahmud ne wahan se nikal-diya tha Shah Shuja' to chand roz tak Ranjit Singh ke yahan tnuqaiyad raha aur woh hira jo Koh-i-nur nani se mashhur hai Eilja mazkur ne us se le-liya phir ba'd khrabi bisyar ke sarkari 'amaldari men akar panahgir hua Mahmud ko is sabab se ki us ne apne vazir Fateh Khan Barakza'i ko andha karke mar-da! a tha vazir-i-mutawaffa. ke bete Dost Mahomed ne takht se utarkar Kabul par apua qabza kar-liya Count Simonich ne jo Irfin ke darbar men Russ ka elchi tha yeh niauqa' apne Qaisar ka is taraf ikhtiyar barhane ke li'e bahut ganimat sauiajhkar Sbah Iran ko ubhara ki Afgauistan par da'wa kare yahan tak ki kuchh fauj Hirat ke muha- sara ko rawana kara'i balki uske kharch ke li'e kuchh riipaya bhi apne yahan se dilwaya lekin woh fauj Hirat se harkar laut-a'i aur jab Inglistan ne is bab men Russ se jawab talab kiya to Qaisav ne apne elchi ke 'amal- daramad se bilkull inkar kar-diya ba-har hal sarkar Company ko guman-i-galib hua ki albatta Russ ka Hindustan par dant hai jab qabu niilega idhar zarur qadam barhawega aur is bat ki ta'id men Kaptan Burnes ne jo san 1837 'iswi men elchi hokar Kabul gaya tha yehi bayan kiya ki Dost Mahomed bilkull Russwalon ki salah men hai balki Russwalon ne us se 4 * 52 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES pakka wa'da kiya hai ki ham to Peshawar Ranjit Singh se tumko wapas dila-denge.

13.

i

Sarkar ne zarra bhi is bat par tawajjoh na farma'i ki bhala Russwale idhar kyunkar a-sakte hain agar ko'i kahe ki kya woh to Iran Turan aur Afganistan-walon ko bahkakar aur lalach diklakar unhen Hindustan par nahin charha-sakte hain to gaur karna chahi'e ki ab woh Mahmud Gaznawi aur Changez Khan ka zamana nahin raha ki jab sar o pa barahna Gakkar logon ne Mahmud ke risfilon ko qatl kar-dala tha aur na woh zamana hai sa ki ek hathi ke bhag-jane se Aiiandpal rslja maidan men shikast khata aur na woh waqt hai ki jangal se sonte kat katkar bailon par sowar ho Jelaluddin Khwa- razmi ke admi Sindh Sagar Doab men jakar Changez Khan ki fauj se larte aur woh waqt bhi nahin hai ki bare bare badshah bilkull apna madslr lara'i ka tirandazon par rakhte balki ham barabar dekhte chale ate hain ki sarkar Angrez bahadur ki zarra zarra si fauj se Shah Sultan Nawwab Marhate Naipali aur Barhma-walon ke kaise kaise dal-badal lashkar shikast khakar bhag-ga'e bat to yeh hai ki jab fauj-i-ta'lim-yafta zer hukumat-i- Dupleix aur Bussy angrezi topkhana ke samhne ru'i ke galon ki tarah urga'i to phir Iran Turan wagaira ki kya haqiqat hai.

14,

Agar ko'i yeh hujjat lawe ki Russwale kya apni faujen Panjab tak nahin la-sakte to ham kahte hain ki bar taqdir farz mumkin hai magar akhir gaur karna chahi'e IN PART III. 53 ki Euss aur Panjab ke darmiyan kaissi kaisa bayaban aur kohistan para hai ki jiska 'ubur kisqadr dushwar hai phir to Russ ke pas is qadr rupaya kahan hai ki jo pachas hazar fauj achchhi qawa'id-dan ke bhi ma* top- khana zaruri ke is rah se lane ka kharcb. de-sake phir bhi jitne din us fauj ko ek koh Hindu Kush par hone men lagenge us se do chand fauj hamari sarkar ba-zari'a dhuwsin-kash aur relgari ke daryae Sindh men Ingli- stan se pahuncha-sakti hai iske 'alawa ahl-i-Russ to thake thaka'e raste ki sakhtiyan uthate hu'e ba-ba'is- i-qillat-i-rasad Mganistan se bhuke pyase tabdil-i-ab o hawa se kamzor pahunchenge aur yahan se angrezi fauj taza-dam khwsthan-i-jang apni hi sarhadd par hogi aur sarkar ko Panjab se jiski zarkhezi mashhur o ma'ruf hai kis qadr asani ba-hainrasi-i-asbab-i-rasad men hogi siwae iske un pachas hazar Russion ke li'e ek hi paltan goron ki dara Khaibar par kafi hai. 54 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

SECTION III.

1,

Mausim-i-bahar san 1838 men jab hanoz woh qaht raf lione nahin paya tha jis se bashandagan-i-mamalik magrabi o shimali sakht musibat men mubtala the mera khima ek maqam par jo Bewari se chandan dur na tha nasab hua tha is pergana men jadid paima'ish hu'i thi aur main wahan malguzari ka si-sala bandobast karne gaya tha jab main wahan tha to qasba ke Musalmanoii aur Hindu'on men ek aisa jhagra paida hua ki agar hukkam sarkari mauqa' par pahunchkar dastandazi na karte to balwa ho-jata ya balwa na hota to khunrezi zarur hoti binae fasad Hindu'on ka mashhur ta'assub tya'ni gao-kashi ki mukhalafat thi jisko woh muqaddas janwar iasawwur karte hain Musalma,non ka to yehi matlab tha ki gae ka gosht khane ko milta kyunki bheri bakri ke gosht se yeh arzan tha aur go ba-muqabala kull abadi ke Musalmanon ki ta'dad bahut kani thi lekin akhir apni murad puri karni ka irada bandh-chuke woh log har sal is bat ki darkhwast kiya, karte the ki hamko ya to qasba ke andar ya uske bahar munsisib fasala par gao-kashi ki ijazat mile lekin unki yeh darkhwasten ra'egan ga'in kyunki Hindu'on ne 'ahd kar-liya tha ki agar is bab men hamare mazhabi aqa'id kinsira ki'e ga'e to ham zabardasti karne par amada honge aur is sabab se Musalman log kashida-khatir aur dabe rahe. IN PART III. 55

2,

Akhir-kar ek din jab main daura par tha Musalm&non ke sar-gurohon ne meri khimagah men jake ek na'i 'arz- dasht qarib qarib is rnazniun ki pesh ki ki Garib-parwar salamat huzur purnur par roshan hai ki is qasba ke

Hiudu'on ne barason se aj tak hukkam-i-baladast ki khidmat men darog o daga 'arz kar kara ke ham logon ko gao-kashi se rok-rakha, hai aur yeh banana kiya hai ki yeh janwar muqaddas hai uska zabh karna. na-ja.'iz hai hamare khudawandjin-i-ne'mat ya'nf angrezon ne ab tak yeh peshnihsid rakha ki ek qism ki ri'aya dusre guroh par ziyadati na karne pawe aur har shakhs ke sath bila, irnti- yaz-i-zat mazhab rang qaum wagaira ek tarah par insaf kiya ja'e chunanchi unke saya-i-himayat men sab log yaksan fa'ida uthjlte hain goya bheriya bakri ek ghat

psini pite hain pas ham mazlumon ne kya qusur kiya hai ki jo fawa'id aurou ko hasil hain hamko nabin milte ummed hai ki huzur namak-khwaron ke istegasa par jald lihaz fannakar yeh liukm sadir kar-denge ki Musalnulnon

ko gae ka gosht khiine ki ijTizat hai ilslhi aftab-i-daulat A o iqbal hamesha tabjm rahe faqat yeh darkhwast bar-i- 'amm men hazilrha Hindu Musalnianon ke samhiie pavhi

ga'i aur jo kuchh ho-raha tha, usko har shakhs dekh sun- raha tha kyunki khima ki qauateD tinon taraf se hata di

ga'i thin.

3.

'Arzi parhte waqt tamrim hazirm-i-ijlas adab se kha- mosh khare rahe Musalman log mere faisala ke intizar men mutafakkir hu'e aur Hindu log chori se mera chehra 56 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES dekh dekhkar cbahte the ki mumkin ho qiyafa se daryaft karen ki is mo'amala men kya hukm nafiz hoga sach. puchhi'e to dunya bhar men kahin ke admi aise nahin liain jo Hindustanion se fann-i-qiyafa-shinasi men ziya- datar zud-fahm aur 'aqlmand hon ma'lum hota hai ki woh har harakat aur ishara se andaruni hai daryaft kar-lene men ek qism ka tafarrus rakhte hain yeh kuchh ta'ajjub ki bat nahin woh to sadha baras se aise logon ke taht-i- hukumat rahte a'e ki jinki marzi hi qanun thi phir 'adat ka. qiyas karna aur apne hakimon ka. ma-fi-zamir ko pahle se daryaft kar-lena unki ta'lim ka zaruri hissa hogaya hai qanun aur 'adalat ke ru se mere danist men haqq Musalrasinoii ka tha magar yeh dekhkar ki Hindu logon ko is qadim dastur maht'uz rakhne ki dill murad hai balki mukhalafat par amada hain main ne yeh sala,h di ki behtar hai ki tumlog ek ba-zabita darkhwast sahib Com- missioner ke huziir men jo Superintendent polis ke ikhti- yarat rakhte hain pesh karo chunfinchi sahib inausuf ne gao-kashi ka hukm nafiz farrnaya main ne qasba se paun mil ke fasala par is ka.ni ke li'e ek jagah muqarrar ki is nmmed se ki raiijish Hindu'on ki kamtar ho lekin unka gussa aur taish ki hadd hi na thi aur jahan jahan main jata tha. rnustagis mujhko ghere rahte the jab dekha ki main unki taraf zarra bhi tawajjoh na karta to woh apne *azizon ki inashwarat ke waste ghar ga'e aur upari kha- moshi ikhtiyar ki lekin jab chha hafta pichhe Moharram ke din pahunche to daf'atan uth khare hu'e aur Musal- manon ke ta'ziyon par yorish ki aur iut patthar balki murda sur aur kutte jin se ahl-i-isla.ni nehayat nafrat karte hain unpar phenk-di'e. IN PART III. 57

4.

Is se bala ki shorish aur gazab ka fasad paida hu'a aur guman tha ki anjam ko nehayat hi sakht hangama aur ziyan-i-jan hoga rnagar khairiyat yeh hu'i ki Tehsildar ne jo bara mustaqill-mizaj aur ro'bdar admi tha fauran polis ko mauqa' par talab kar-liya aur go woh khud Hindu aur zat a Brahman tha magar Musalmanon ki peshrawi karke unke ta'zi'e ba-hifazat shahr se nikalwa-legaya donou firqon ke log ek dusre ko dhamkiyan de deke juda hoga'e aur Musalman log apne buzurgon ki turbaton ki qasam kha khakar kahte the ki ham is tauhin ka dag qasba ke har har Hindu ke khun se dho'enge agarchi ham sab ke sab shahid kyun na hoii Tehsildslr sahib apni is kar- bara'i se khush to the magar is khayfd se ki bagair Magistrate ke a'e hu'e fasild ksi insidad nahin hone ka

unhon ne mere pas khass qa.sid bheje meri khimagah to sidhsi rasta chillis mil ke fasala par thi magar jodarmiyan men be-rah khari paharon ka silsila waqi' tha ane jane men bis aur mil ka pher par-gaya aur isi sabab se mere p$is dusre roz do pahar ke waqt khabar pahunchi aur khabar kaisi bad-i-samum nehayat tez chal-rahi thi am- is shiddat ki dhup aur jalti ret men safar karna bare hausila ki bslt thi main ne qurb o jawar ke ba'z ba'z ga'onwalon ko talab kiya aur puchha ki kyun turn log paharon ka sidha rasta jante ho aur jankar mujhko^us rah se pahuncha-sakoge ga'onwalon ne jawab diya ki garib-parwar rasta to hamko ba-khubi ma'lum hai lekin siwae paidalon ke aur bakriyon ke aur ko'i us rasta nahin chal-sakta main ne kaha yeh kuchh parwa nahin main to ja-sakta hun tumhin rasta bata do chunzlnchi ek rah- numa usi waqt rawana kar-diya-gaya ki paharon ke 58 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES nichhe muntazir rahe ta anki jab dhup ki tezi zarra karn, ho-ja'e main bhi maidan se guzarne ka irada kar- sakun.

5.

Tin baje din ko main apne sab se 'umda 'arabi ghore par sowar ho aur ek sowar ardali men sath le chal- diya phir jab wahan pahuncha jahan rah-numa ko mun- tazir paya to ham log zin par se utarkar aur ghoron ko bagdori se le le pahar par charhne lage thori dur ga'e the ki ardali ka ghora gir-para jaldi ke sabab se usko wonhin chhora jis qadr age barhte ga'e us qadr char- hao sakht hota gayfi ba'z maqAm&t se to guzarna na- mumkin ma'lum hota tha aur agar wahan itna rasta hota ki main apne ghore ka munh pher-deta to irada tha ki apna qasd faskh karke wapas chala ja'un magar taham age barhte ke barhte upar charhte ke charhte akhir choti par puhunche mere bechare ghore par jo charhao ki musibat an bani us se sau hisse ziyada mushkilen utar men pariu agar zarra bhi uska qadam la^zish khata to aundha niche a rahta lekin jab woh phisalne ya lagzish khane lagta tha to ham khabardari se usko saubhsil-lete the yahan tak ki sham ko chha baje ham sahih salamat pahar ke niche an pahunche baqi safar ke waste din ki roshni ka ko'i ek ghanta raha aur tis mil se ziyada regis- tuni aur be-lik maidan ka rasta tai karna para jismen ja- ba-jsl nale aur gar bhi waqi' the siwae kisi magrabi sitare ke ya khabar-i-ittifaqiya ke jahan kahin ga'on mujhko mile aur ko'i rah-numa'i ka wasila iia dekhkar aur apne bahadur ghore ki raftar aur sslbit-qadmi par jiseuiain peshtar bhi aksar auqat azma-chuka tha bha- rosa karke main lie rah -bar ko rukhsat-kiya aar ghore ki bag utha'i. IN PART III. 59

6.

Ko'i das baje rat ko mujhko shahr ke hazarha chhi- takte hu'e chiragon ki roshni nazar a'i shahr men dakhil hua to logon ko hoshyar paya mujhko pahchan kar, kyunki sab log mujhe aur mere ghore ko khub jante the bat ki bat men yeh khabar zabanzad hu'i ki Larens sahib a-gaVmeri na-gahA.ni surat dekhkar bahut ghabra'e aur apne apne gharon men ja dabak rahe thori der tak main ne gali kuchon ki gasht ki aur jab dekha ki ab to fasad ka khadsha na raha Tehsildar ke pas gaya aur ishti- dad-i-shorish ki kaifiyat suni phir main ne qurb-jawar ke ahalian-i-polis ki talabi ka payani phirwaya aur ba'd iske shahr-paiiah ke bahar jo khrab-khasta sara thi usmen qiyam kiya khush-qisniati se yahan political malikama ka ek ka.ptan sfihib mujhko mila jo 'alalat ki wajh se ba- niuqabala khimon ke yahan rahne men ziyada aram samjha kyiiuki main ne isi sara ke do tin kaniaron ko marammat kara-rakha. tha aur un men kuchh saman bhi jam' kar-diya tha ki agar ko'i aj jaisi zarurat pesh a'i to taklif na ho ghore koapne samhne malwane aur danakhil- wane ke ba'd main to so-raha fajar hote main ne polis ko phatakon bazaron aur dusre sadr maqarnon men ta'i- nat kiya ki agar Hindu hathyar utha'en to rok-tok ban- pare chunanchi tin haftatak polis log is kam par musta'id rahe.

7,

Khair is taur par khatra guzar-gaya kyunki awwal to ahl-i-islam khud hi chust-chahik aur jang-jo hote the dusre bam log unki pusht par rahte the pas unka apne mukhalifon par galib hoiia chandan dushwar na tha 60 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES phir Hindu'on ne jo na'i 'arzi pesh ki uska saf jawab mila is li'e inhon ne ek anokha sa tariqa 'amal men lane chsiha ya'ni yeh ki ba-ittifaq-i-hamdigar in logon ne apni sari dukanen band kar-din bar qism ka len-den aur kar- bar mauquf rakha balki zahir kiya ki jab tak yeh gao- kashi ka, hukm mansukh na ho ham na ko'i chiz khari- denge aur na farokht karenge balki fariq-i-mukhalif se kisi qism ki dad o sitad hi na rakhenge burdbarana ta- qabul ki jo tadbir Hindu'on ne nikali woh fil haqiqat nehayat hi kari thi harifon ke hath pa'on phul-ga'e aur sach puchho to mujhe bhi bahut hi taraddud hu'a kyunki kull shahr ki rasad-rasani kya thok-faroshi aur kya, khurda-faroshi inhin logon ke hath thi dusreroz subh ko Musalman to khair adna darje ke Hindu bhi hasb-i- ma'mul sauda lene a'e to sab dukanen band pa'in chunki yeh log jo kuchh din men paisa kamate hain usi men basar karte hain sakht mayus hoga'e aur meri qiyam-gah jake multaji hu'e ki agar huzur dukanon ko nahin khulwa-saken to hani log galla-danon ke qufl tor- kar apna kam nikal-len main ne jawab diya ki byopa- riyon ne ko'i amr khilaf-qanun nahin kiya hai mujhko kisi tarah se unpar jabr karne ka ikhtiyar nahin.

8,

Akhir ko mujhe ek tadbir sujhi ki jis se main Hindu'on ko samjhane ki fursat pa'un aur mumkin ho unko rah-i- rast par hVun chunfmchi main ne aspas ke dihat se ba- hutere chakre galla ke apni zimmadari par mangwa-rakhe aur samjha ki jab sarkar ko is khadsha ka hal munka- shif hoga to phir mujhko qimat milne ki unmied hai veh sab galla main ne ek maqam par jama' karaya aur ba'z admiyon ko chunkar aur galiyon men bithakar isi galla ko IN PAKT III. 61 khurda-faroshi ke li'e unko sipurd kiya is taur par qalil qalil hajaten jo ahli Asia ko hoti ham raf hoga'in aur ull bandobast is ehtiyat se kiya gaya ki akhir sarkar ka kuchh bhi khasai-a nahin hu'a is isna men main ne ish- tiyar jari kara'e ki nahaqq Hindu log apne panditon ke kahne par na-ja'iz kamon men 'amal na karen warna kisi tarah ki ziyadati hu'i to ma'an uska tadaruk kiya ja'ega aur aksar juda.ga.na suraton men yehi to kar- rawa'i chal-saki kyunki ab to ziyada in logon ko apas men sazish karni muhal thi pahle to unhoane saliib Commis- sioner aur ba'd iske pahar par sarkar-i-'ali ki khidmat men 'arziyan bhejin aur un men meri aur Tehsildar ki shikayat likhi waqt par yeh 'arziyan hasb-i-zabita mere pas kaifiyat likhne ke li'e wtlpas a'in main ne to apni shikayaton ki nisbat jawa,b dena muuasib na samjha lekin Tehsildar ki albatta khub ta'id ki.

Ba'is roz tak Hindu byopari isi tarah zidd ki'e ga'e aur main mutawatir nigrani sar-kobi aur shikayaton ki jawab-

dihi karte karte 'ajiz a-gaya akhir-kar un Hindu'on ne jo ziyada garib the dekha ki is men hamara aur Musal- maaon donon ka nuqsan hai chunanchi ja-ba-ja ba- tadrij dukanen khulti ga'in aur ba'iswen din sham ko ek

guroh Hindu'on ka bari 'ajizi se mere 'pas aya aur bay an kiya ki golamon ko apne panditon ne bahka-diya, tha.qusur ki mo'af kiji'e qasam khate hain phir aisi khata na ka- renge aur dukanen abhi khole dete hain main is amr

par razi hogaya aur is taur se woh yorish jis se qasba bhar men mahz khal-bali machga'i thi mauquf hoga'i aur sharr o fasad band is mo'amala men apni kisi qadr aza- dana kar-rawa'i par jo sarkar ki taraf se baz-purs hu'i 62 thi main to uska jawab-i-kafi de-saka aur niz Tehsildar ki khush-nazmi aisi sabit kar-di ki jiske sila men uska bahut din khass shukariya ada kiya gaya lekin afsos woh thi us se tak zinda na raha ki jo wah-wah us ne hasil ki fa'ida utha sakta chand mahine ke ba'd yak-a-yak haiza karke margaya.

10.

Eajput madarzad sipahi the har ek got ka ek bapoti ra'is tha aur yeh got misl aur mulkon ki qaumon ke alag alag hote aur gotiyon ko apne apne sardaron ke sath aur Apas men bhi tarah tarah ki wa-bastagi hoti aur jat- dharm ka tariqa bhi jo barabar jari raha is wa-bastagi kii ziyada ba'is-i-istehkam hua chuuki goton ke sarda- ron ka raja ke sath wohi ta'alluq hu'a. karta tha jo apne gotwalon ka ap hi ke sath tha is li'e raja ra'is sipah sab ke sab biradarana ham-dili aur jangi fidwiyat se ba- darja-i-gayat munsalik hokar ek khass jama,' at banga'e aur jagir khidmat dene lene ke tariqa se jaisa ki Raj- putou men riwaj tha is jama'at men aur bhi istehkain

A,-gaya jis se rnilkar woh khandani fakhr aur 'ali-himmati aur fasana-amez khayalat paida hu'e jo us zamana men fauji jama'at ki goya 'alamat-i-'alaniya thi in sargarm- iyon ko unke bhaton ke git-bhajanon se aur un janghae niutawatir se jo kabhi barae nang o nam aur kabhi barae 'ishq o mahabbat wuqu' men a'in ishte'al diya gaya yeh log ba-nisbat aur sharqi qaumon ke 'aurat- zat ziyadatar ba-adab suluk kiya karte the aur apne dushmanon ke sath bhi ba-qawa'id-i-izzat-parwari bartao kiya karte jiska khihlf-karna bad-nami mutasaw- war hoti. IN PART III. 63

It,

In ausaf ke sath agar unka kahili par az hadd ma'il hona bayan kiya ja'e aur agar is amr par bin lihaz kiya ja'e ki inpar zamana-i-daraz se kaisa kaisa dabao par- gaya to bal ke Rajputon ki chal-dhal wohi hogi aur yeh chal-dhal apne bap-dadon ki si hai jis nisbat se unki bhi Mahabharat ke yoddhon ki si thi agle Rajputon ki is sharafat ke sath ek sadagi bhi hoti tbi jo gair qaumon se juda rabne se paida hui thi aur isi sabab se woh hikmat- i-'amali men balki jang-awad men bhi un logon se kam- rutba rah-ga'e jo ba-muqabil unke aise 'ali-himruat na the min-jumla un got-bandi ke nata'ij ek yeh natija tha ki go Rajputon ko hargiz naql-i-makim pasand nahin ata magar taham jab kisi bahar ke dabao se unko apna watan chhorna para to aksar giroli ke giroh misl qaum- i-Tiitar ke nikal jayti karte aur jab kisi na'e rnulk men ja- base to jis tarah apne watan men khet-bant hua karta usi tartib se yahan ki zamin bhi taqsim hua karti siwae tabdil-i-jagah ke aur kuchh farq na atii tha.

12,

Be-sakhta gair-ta'lim-yafta Marhate kya Sudra aur kya Khatri usi waz' se jisse woh kheti-kiyari karte hain ya maweshi charate shugl-i-sipahgari bhi ikhtiyar karte hain aur bil-'umum un inqilabat men ki jin men woh ek waqt darja-i-'ali jah o jalal par pahunche hain aur phir apni asali halat par a-ga'e unki wohi be-sakhtagi ba- dastur bani rahti iska, ba'is shfiyad Hindu-mat ki rasm o riwaj men aur Sivaji aur uske sardaron ki naza'ir men 64 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES. aur niz aisi aisi~'adaton men paya jata hai ki jin se fateh- mandi men suhuliyat basil hoti thi jab ki Marhaton men aur magrur o sanjida Musalmanon men imtiyaz kiya gay a aur jab ki Hindu'on ke sath un mulkon men jin par Marhaton ne charha'i ki thi unki amezish hu'i aur jab ki woh karr o farr aur nakhwat band hoga'i jo aksar bare bare fatehmandon ki muzahim balki mani'-ul- mohimm hoti hai is firqa ke khass madh-khwanon ko bhi inkar nahin hai ki Marhate sipahi ba-nisbat baha- duri ke fann o fitrat men mashhur to the aur bhagne ko bhi misl hamla karne ke apna fakhr jante the aur go ki har ko'i in umur ka qa'il hai balki is bat ka bhi ki woh kahin past-himmat aur khasis the magar taham unke ausaf-i-hamida ko taslim karna waqi' men insaf se ba'id nahin tahammul-i-takan o gursinagi o tishnagi ke bab men aur niz us mardanagi men jo ba-halat-i-iqbal o idbar yaksan rahti hai bahut kam log Marhaton se sab- qat le-jate the tispar bhi yeh amr qabil-i-ta'rif hai ki agle zamana men aur qabl iske ki unka lashkar futuhat- i-wasi' men aur gair qaumon ki 'amezish men is qadr barh-gaya ki ek qaum ka lashkar na raha yeh log apni qazzaqana fauj-kashi aisi mard-admiyat se kiya karte the ki us khiin-khwar tarz-i-jang ke na-ham-saz mutasawwar hoti thi.

13.

Atwar o kirdar Marhaton ke ba-hama wujuh nirale the fil-waqi* un ke se auza' agar kisi aur qaum men hu'e bhi hon to kamtar hu'e jin wasa'il se bare bare ahli-zafar ne aksar nafrat ki'e honge yeh firqa-i-'ajib unhin ka iste'mal karna behtar samajhte the unke jhande tale na sirf haris o mufsid jam' note the balki IN PART III. 65

chor aur lutere bhi misl fauj-i-madadgar ke rafiq ho-j ate aur kuchh 'arsa tak apne taur par aur apne fa'ida ki nazar se kam karne pate jab ko'i gair mulk ya sub a uuke qabza met", ay a to is surat men bhi ba-nisbat jabr o ziyadati dagabazi se wahan ki hukuinat men dakhl pana aur bashindagan ke sath sazishen karni yeh log apni khubi jante the aur is amr men inka sabr o inkisar bahut kam ata pahle to Hindu raja'on ke sath jo wahan ki hukm-rani karte the intizam-i-mulki o mali men sharik hone par iktifa karte the aur itminan karte the ki ba'd chand muddat ke aur ba-zari'a sazishon ke rafta rafta tashkir ki naubat a-ja'egi.

Bhil jo dihat men rahte hain wafadari aur diyanat- dari men niashhur hain aksar chaukidari ka pesha karte hain aur kuchh hissa zamin ka ya rupaya paisa ujrat pate hain in Bhilon ki apne pahari bha'i'on ke sath jo kasir- ut-ta'dad aur ziyada azad hain kam amad o raft rahti hai jo jama'at kashtkari men masruf hai woh chhote chhote kheron men zer hukm apne Tarwiyon ya'ni sardaron ke raha karti hai aur go woh jafakash bhi hote hain lekin unki wohi tarz-i-zindagi aur wohi hathyar bhi hain jo un jaugali qaurnon men murawwaj hain aur niz unki tarah sharab-khwari men nehayat hi be-bak hain yeh log bhains

ka balki ga'e ka bhi gosht khalete hain jis se 'ala darja ke Hindu' on ko ek dili nafrat hoti hai aur isi sabab se

Bhilon ka darja chamaron aur mochiyon se sirf bara gina jata hai jo murda janwaron ko bhi khalete hain aur is qadr napak gine jate hain ki unko bastiyon ki abadi men jagah nahin dete lutere aur jangali Bhil jo kohistan men bud o bash rakhte hain ek past-qadd paji-surat kal ki 5 t> TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES mari qaum hain magar taham chalak aur mandagi ke bare bardasht karnewtile hain yeh log mashhur rah-zan aur chori-pesha hain hathyar unke tir o karaan kamzor aur be-nawa'on ki ghat karte hain zabardast aur zorawaron se bhag-jate aur is qadr jahil aur puch-parast hote hain ki apne Tarwiyon par fida hote hain ki jin ka hukin ba-manzila-i-qanun hai aur be chun o chira ta'mil hua karta hai.

15.

Mard log aur khaskar 'aurat log jis halat men basar auqat karte hain usi ke muttafiq 'aql rakhte ya'ni phurtile hote hain aur unki zati tabi'at khatra-shinas aur dagabaz aur makkar hot! hai apne Tarwi ke hukm se kisi ko halak karna ya apni jan bhi de-dena unke nazdik kuchh bari bat nahin sari qaum na-khwanda hoti hai aur log sab ke sab ba-darja-i-gayat tamaku aur sharab pite hain unke sab jhagron ka agaz aur anjam sharab-khwari men hua karta hai bagair da'wat-i-biradari na ko'i lara'i jhaghra tasfiya kiya jata hai aur na ko'i gunah mo'af yahan tak ki murawwaj aur ma'muli jarimana sharab hi to hai jo har ek jurm ke 'ewaz liya jata hai aur jis se 'ayyashi unki muddaton qa'im rahti hai 'auraton ko qaumi mo'amalat men ziyadatar dakhl hai lekin ta'ajjub yeh hai ki aksar iiiki 'adat aur tabi'at bilkull Pindarion ke khilaf hai kyunki yeh apne mardon ke sath lara'i men nahin jatin aur jab kabhi dushman qaid hojate hain uiiki khass umined zindagi ki in 'auraton ki mashhur insaniyat par munhasar hoti hai is qaum ki 'auraten aksar apne bap ya khawindon ke jura'im men pahle mubtalae stfat hoti hain kyunki mard log jab kisi jurm ke muttahini hote hain to hamesha unke larke aur 'auraten sarkar ki IN PART III. taraf se giriftar hua kartin aur aisi halat men woh t izhar apne kamal sabr o istiqlal ka kiya kartin kis li'e ki inko yaqin hota hai ki hamare mard hamen riahin chhorne ke balki jo mujriin hain woh apne ta'in waste saza-yabi hawale karenge go woh saza-e-maut bhi kyun na ho aur yeh guwara nahin karenge ki ahl o 'ayyal qaid men rahen.

16.

Bhilon ki jama'at-i-kasir ki islah men jo aj kal wasat Hind men hua karti hai 'aurat-log ne albatta bari pesh- dasti ka balki apni jinsiyat ke la'iq karn kiya, hai haqiqat yeh hai ki 'auraton ko hamesha khush-nazmi margub- khatir hoti hai aur is qadr mehnat aur jafa-kashi kt 'adat parga'i hai ki zarur inko is bat se bari khushi hoti hog ki mard log apni be-lagami se baz ane lage jo peshtar sirf ma'siyat aur 'ayyashi men apna waqt katte the Bhil agarchi mukhtalif firqon men munqasim hain to bhiek hi rang men hain khana pina unka ek hai apas men shadi byah karte hain dharm-rit yaksau hai asal men wohi puja hai jo aur Hindu'on men hoti hai magar judagana taur par is jangali qaum ki dharm-rit aksar is men khatm hai ki woh nichhawar aur balidan adna patal-wale deota'on

ke li'e kiya karte hain aur khaskar Mata Debi ke li'e jiski mutafarriq nauion se puja kiya karte ta ki is gazab ke wabal se chichak ke dinon men rnahfuz rahen yeh log Mahadeo ko bhi bahut mante hain jinki aulad men hone ko apna fakhr samajhte hain.

17. Thagon men sab zat ke admi hua karte hain Musalman hain beshtar Hindu hua bhi un men dakhil ho- j ate magar karte hain aur Hindu'on men khaskar Bundelkhand ke 68 TEANSLATION OF PASSAGES

Brahman ziyada hote hain jo aksar mukhtalif girohon ki kar-rawa'iyon ka ehtimam karte hain un men qawa'id-i- nm'ayyan bhi hote hain aur khasusan taqsim-i-ganimat ke bab men apne muhimmon men adna 'ala sab qism ke log madad-gari ke li'e bharti kar-lete hain aur khaskar uu riyasaton ke sharir sharir 'ohdadaron ke khwahan hain ki jahan jane ka irada hai ba'd tahqiq karne is amr ke ba-zari'a kaifiyat-i-tahriri ya zabani ki ab mauqa' muna- sib hai unka dastur hai ki agwan waste daryaft karne mufassal hai us jagah ke bhejte hain yeh jasus kabhi faqiron ke kabhi saudagaron ke aur kabhi sipahi muta- lashi-i-rozgar ke bhes men hote hain aur wahan ke auba- shon se mile rahte hain aur asal jama'at ki amad ke li'e tayyari karte hain jiski ta'dad aksar tin char sau se kam nahin hogi magar yeh nahin ki kabhi baham ikhatte dikha'i dete warna sab giroh apas men khub laga'o karke safar karte hain ba'zon ke pas ghore unt khima sab saman-i-tijarat hota hai aur ba'ze sipahiyon ka libas pahnte

hain ki jo kisi sardar ke yahan ba-jihat-i-mulazamat jsite hain ba'ze apne ta'in Musalman faqir ya Hindu bairagi gosa'in wagaira zahir karte hain qissa kotah Thag log har qism ka bhes rakha karte hain hamesha bahaduron aur chalakon ka ek na ek dasta asal jama'at se juda rahta hai jinka yeh kam hai ki ya to musafiron se mohafazat mangte hain ya khud unki mohafazat kar-lete har surat men bechara musafiron par shamat a'i.

18,

Thag log apne pas ek Iambi phand-wali dori resham ki poshida rakhte hain jis se gardanon men apne be-khabar sathiyon ki dalkar phansi dete hain aur lut-lete hain Thagon ka matlab sirf mal-dar musafiron se hai aur agar IN PART III. 69 yeh musafir kasir-ut-ta'dad ya kisi qadr khabardar bhi hon to bazar chalakiyon se unko dam-i-fareb men lakar phuslate hain chunanchi aksar unki ziyafat bbi karte bain aur khane pine ke saman men ko'i shai-i-khwabawar ya zahr-aluda mila-dete bain jiske asar se woh in phansi- garon aur rab-zanon ke qabu men asani se a-jate bain 'ajib kftr-barili in shararaton ki sirf un mulkon ki halat ke sath mansub bo-sakti hai jahan wuqu' men a'in Tbaglog kbaskar wasat Hind men afzun bu'e aur bar sal unki ka'i ek jama'aten is mulk se hokar Nizam aur Peskwa ki riyasaton ki taraf jaya karti thin san 1819 'iswi men Mandesur ke hakim ne Thagon ki ek jama'at ko ghera tha jo khud izhar karte the aur surat se ma'lum bbi bote the ki ham log ek giroh paidal aur sowar ka bain jo apne mal o asbab ko unton aur bailon par lade Dakkhan se pahunchate hain lekin hakim-i-mausuf ko unki asali baqiqat daryaft hu'i thi sir dharne ka hukm kiya jab Thagon ne inkar kiya lara'i hu'i Thagon ne sbikast kha'i kuchh to mare ga'e kuchh to qaid hoga'e unka sara mal makhuz hua jiski qimat ek lakh rupaya se ziyada thi aur usmen sab qism ke kapre aur zewar kya amiron ka aur kya garibon ka tha kyunki yeh log sab ko be tashkhis-i-ashkhas luta karte bain minjumla aur chizon ke bahut si doriyan phansi ki bhi hath a'in aur numa'ish ke waste rakhi ga'in. 70 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

SECTION IV.

Ishtehar-i-malika-mo'azzama

ba-ijlas-i-Kaunsil ba-nam-i-waliyan o sardaran o

bashindagan-i-Hind .

Janab malika - mo'azzama Victoria ba-fazl-i-Khuda khadiv-i-mamalik Great Britain o Ireland o abadiha

o muzafat waqi' Europe o Asia o Africa o America o Australasia aur zahir-ul-mazhab ki taraf se khass

o 'amm ki ittila* ke li'e hasb-i-tafsil-i-zail mushta-

har kiya jata hai

Wazih ho ki ba-wujuh-i-kamila o ba-salah o ittifaq-i- rae-i-uraarae-millati o mulki o mukhtaraii-i-'awamm hazirin-i-jalsa-i-ParZiamew^ hamne apne is irade ko inu- sammam kar-liya hai ki mamalik-i-fiind ka intizam jinka insiram Honourable East India Company ko aj tak ama- natan mufawwaz tha apne ehtimam men lewen. Pas is qirtas ke ru se hain ittila' dete aur e'lan farmate hain ki ba-salah o ittifaq-i-rae-i-mazkura-i-bala ke hamne intizam mulk-i-mazkur ka apne ehtimam men liya aur is qirtas ke ru se apni jam!' ri'aya ko jo qalam- rau-i-mazkur men maujud hain takidan farmate hain ki hamari aur hamare warison aur ja-nishinon ki wafadari aur ita'at karen aur jis kisiko ham apne nam aur apni taraf se mulk ke intizam ke li'e waqt ba-waqt ayanda muqarrar karna munasib samjhen uski farman-bardari kiya karen. IN PART III. 71

Aur jo farzand-i-arjmand mo'azzaz aur mo'tamad 'alaihi mushir-i-khass nawwab Charles John Viscount

Canning sahib ki wafadari aur qabiliyat aur fahm o firasat ki nisbat hamko itrninan aur khatir-jaru'-i-kulli hasil bai is li'e hamne sahib-i-mausuf ya'ni Viscount Canning sahib ko waste karne intizain mamalik-i-mazkur ke hamari taraf aur hamare nam se ba-ri'ayat hamare ahkam aur un a'in ke jo uske pas ma'rifat hamare wazir-i-a'zam ke bheje ja'en qa'im-maqam-i-awwal aur mamalik-i-maz- kur ka Governor- General muqarrar kiya. Aur jo jo log bilfe'l kisi 'ohda par kya mulki kya fauji sarkar Honourable, East India Company ke mamur hain unko is qirtas ke ru se apne apne 'ohda par ba-hfil aur qa'im farraate hain lekin woh hamari marzi ayanda ke muti' rahen aur sab a'iu o qawanin ki ita'at karte rahen jo ayanda nafiz ki'e ja'enge. ittila' Aur waliyan-i-Hiud ko di jati hai ki jis jis 'ahd o paiman ko khud Honourable East India Company ne kiva ya woh uski ijfizat se mun'aqad hua un sab ko ham pazira aur qabul farmate hain aur unka ifa ba-kamal ehtiyat hota rahega aur chashm-dasht hai ki un waliyon ki taraf se bhi isi tarah ta'mil hoti rahegi. Jo mulk bilfe'l hamare qabza men hai use ziyada karna nahin chahte aur jab yeh hamko guwara nahin hai ki ko'i aur shakhs hamari mamlikat ya huquq men dast- andazi kare to ham bhi pesh-qadmi ki apni tarafse ba nisbat mamlikat ya huquq auron ke ijazat na denge aur waliyan-i-Hind ke huquq aur mauzilat aur 'izzat misl apne huquq aur manzilat aur 'izzat ke 'aziz samjhenge aur hamko arzu hai ki waliyan-i-Hind aur hamari ri'aya ko bhi woh sa'adat aur husn-i-akhlaq ki taraqqi hasil ho ki jo mulk men sulh aur husn-i-intizam se paida hoti hai. 72 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES

Jo lawazim ba nisbat apni dusri ri'aya ke hampar wajib hain wohi lawazim ba nisbat apni ri'ayae Hind ke ham apne zimme lazim janenge aur ba fazl-i-Khuda wafa- dari aur rasti ke sath ham lawazim-i-mazkur ka lihaz karte rahenge. Agarchi hamko mazhab-i-'isa'i ke sidq ki nisbat yaqin- i-kulli hasil hai aur jo tasalli-i-khatir us se hoti hai uska ba kamal shukrguzari e'tiraf hai to bhi hamko na yeh mansab na yeh arzu hai ki kisi ra'iyat se khwah-ma- khwah apne 'aqide taslim karawen balki yeh hamara hukm-i-shahana aur marzi hai ki na kisi ahl-i-mazhab ki ba-wajh uske mazhab ke ta'id ki ja'e aur na kisi ko ba- taklif wajh uske e'tiqadat ke di ja'e balki sab ra'iyat ki ba-mujib qanun ke ba-gair tarafdari hifazat hoti rahe aur jo log hamare farman-pazir intizam-i-mulk-i-Hind ke li'e mamur hain unko ba kamal takid irshad farmate hain ki kisi hamari ra'iyat ke e'tiqad aur 'ibadat-i-mazhabi ki nisbat dastandazi na karen wa ilia hamara nehayat hi gazab hoga. Aur yeh bhi hamara hukm hai ki jahantak munikin ho hamari sab ra'iyat ko go kisi qaum ya mazhab ki ho bila ta'arruz o tarafdari ke hamari mulazamat men un 'ohdon par jinko woh apni 'ilmiyat aur qabiliyat aur diyanat se anjam de-sakte hon muqarrar karte rahen. Iska hamko ba-khubi 'ilm hai ki ahl-i-Hind us arazi ko jo unke buzurgon se unhen wirasatan pahunchi hai bahut 'aziz rakhte hain is li'e hamko bhi iska bara lihaz hai balki ham chahte hain ki yeh huquq unke jo arazi se muta'alliq hain ba shart ada karne mutalaba-i-sarkari ke mahfuz rahen aur hamara hukm hai ki ba-waqt tajwiz o nifaz-i-qanun ke 'umuman huquq-i-qadinii aur mulk-i- Hind ki rasin o riwaj par lihaz-i-kamil hota rahe. Ba-istima' is hai ke ki ba'z mufsidon ne jhuth-muth IN PART III. 73 afwahen urakar apne ham-watanon ko vrarglan un se bagawat-i-fash kara'i aur mulk-i-Hind par ek bala nazil kara'i hamko nehayat afsos hua aur hamare iqtidar ki kaifiyat to logon ko faro karne fasad men bich maidan-i-karzar ke ma'lum ho-ga'i bogi lekin ab hamara yeb mansha bai ki un logon ka 'afu-e- jura'im karke jo is tarab dhoka kha-ga'e bain aur phir ita'at men ana cbabte bain apna izhar-i-tarahhum karen. Is niyat se ki ayanda ziyada khunrezi na bone pawe aur hamare mamalik-i-Hind men jaldi se amn o ama.ii ho- jawe hamare qa'im-maqam aur Governor-General bahadur ne ek 'alaqa men ki jahan logon ne in aiyam-i-gadar-i- makruh men jurm-i-mukbalafat-i-sarkar ki'e the un men se aksaron ko mutarassid 'afu-e-qusiirat ka ba-shara'it-i- makhsus kiya bai aur jin logon ki taqasir ne unkoehata-i- tarabbum se bahar kardiya bai unki saza'on ki bbi tashrih kardi bai. Cbunanchi ham apne qa'im-maqam aur Governor- General ke is 'amal-i-mazkur ko pazira aur qabul karte bain 'alawa iske hasb-i-zail e'lan farmate hain ya'ni siwae un logon ke jinki nisbat sabit hua ya ab sabit bo ki woh ra'iyat-i-sarkar angrezi ke qatl men bi-zatihi sharik hu'e baqi aur jumla mujrimon ki nisbat izhar-i-tarahhum kiya ja'ega magar ba nisbat shuraka-e-qatl ke insaf muq- taza is bat ka hai ki unpar tarahhum na ho. Jin logon ne jan-bujh-ke qatilon ko panah di ho ya jo log bagiyou ke sardar hu'e hon ya targib-i-bagawat di ho unki nisbat sirf yehi wa'da ho-sakta hai ki unki jan- bakhsbi hogi lekin aise logon ki tajwiz-i-saza men un sab abwal par jinke e'tibar se woh apni ita'at se phir-ga'e kamil gaur kiya ja'ega aur un logon ki nisbat jo be soche mufsidon ki jhuti baton men akar mujrim hoga'e bari ri'ayat ki ja'egi. 6 74 TRANSLATION OF PASSAGES IN PART III.

Baqi aur sabhon se jo sarkar ke muqabil hathyar-band hain ba-mujib i? qirfcas ke wa'da hota hai ki agar woh apne apne ghar chale jawen aur apne pesha-i-sulh o satad men masruf hon to unke qusurat jo hamari nisbat aur hamari saltanat aur manzilat ki nisbat sarzad hu'e bila shart mo'af aur darguzar aur faraniosh kar-di'e-ja'enge. Hamari yeh marzi shahana hai ki rahm aur 'afu ki shara'it-i-mazkur un sabhon se muta'alliq hon jo qabl az tarikh yakam January san 1859 'iswi ke shara'it-i-mazkur ki ta'mil karen.

Aur hamari ba-dil o jan yeh tamanna hai ki jab niulk- i-Hind men Khuda ke fazl se phir amn chain ho-ja'e to wahan sana'i'-i-sulh ki taraqqi karen aur ifada-i-khala'iq ke li'e kam misl-i-tayyari-i-sarak o nahr wagaira jari karen aur mulk ka aisa intizam kiya ja'e ki jis se ha- mari sari ri'ayfie bashinda-i-mulk-i-mazkur ko fa'ida ho kyunki unki farag-bali hamare li'e mujib-i-iqtidar aur unki qana'at hamare li'e ba'is-i-bekhatri aur unki shukr- guzari hamare li'e pura sila hai aur .Khudae qadir hamko aur hamare farmrin-bardaran-i-mataht ko aisi taufiq dewe ki yeh hamari muniden waste fa'ida-rasani-i-khala'iq ke achhchi tarah husn-i-ikhtitam ko pahunchen.

FINIS.

London : Printed by W. H. Allen & Co., 13 Waterloo Place. S.W.