Download (7MB)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Download (7MB) https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Praxi-centric Phenomenology: from Nâgârjuna through Dôgen to Martin Heidegger Diana Gail Keuss Submitted fof the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Glasgow Faculty of Arts and Divinity School of Theology December 2006 Diana Gail Keuss 2006 ProQuest Number: 10390617 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10390617 Published by ProQuest LLO (2017). C o pyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLO. ProQuest LLO. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.Q. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 - 1346 (GLASGOW UNÏVERSSTY LIBItARY: : Abstract t Buddhist practitioners in the Zen tradition have repeatedly located the tension between : 4 'd theory (theoria) and practice ipraxi^ when describing profound reality or the way things '? are/are becoming {yathabutani). The subjective stance is constantly challenged as not just I a limiting but entirely mistaken perspective with which to approach reality/meaning. Although the Buddhist practitioners and teachers considered here propose teachings distinctive to each other, there is consistency in emphasising the necessity of practical experience expressed via sûnjatà and tlie ultimate realisation of egolessnessness or no-self {anàtman!nairâtmjâ). Nâgârjuna's logical critique works to free the mind from conceptual foundationalism so that practice is effective and unfettered by delusion. Practitioners ■ 'A' within the Yogacârâ school such as Asanga recognise the powerful effectiveness of meditation that highlights the tension between no-self and a perfected self necessary to the Bodhisattva-marga. Dôgen explores the relationship between the cosmic reality of Buddha-nature and personal participation in seated meditation such tliat letting go of ego-self is tlie very manifestation of the Buddha-self. I consider these Buddhist approaches to reality/meaning in relation to Western phenomenology, as especially borne out in Martin Heidegger's work to allow for an authentic attitude in and toward truth event (Ereigms). Ultimately, I argue that the Buddhist approach to reality embodies what I term a “praxi-centric phenomenology" that encourages Western phenomenological reflection to remain practical but egoless. Table of Contents Praxi-centric Phenomenology: from Nâgârjuna tlirough Dôgen to Martin Heidegger 1. Introduction 2. Nâgârjuna and the Working of Emptiness 3. Yogacârâ: No Mind tliat Knows 4. Dôgen's Datsuraku-datsuraku 5. Martin Heidegger tlie Reluctant Priest 6 . Conclusion 7. Bibliography I dedicate tiiis work to my husband, Jeffrey F. Keuss, and to my daughters, Clara Ruth, Eilidh Elizabeth and Miriam Grace. Additionally, I express my gratitude to my thesis advisor. Dr. Kiyoshi Tsuchiya and tlie members of die Faculty of Divinity for their support of my research. Introduction This thesis will explore a particular phenomenological approach in Buddhist thought as found in the development of the Zen tradition from the teachings of Nâgârjuna, through Yogacârâ and Dôgen that I will refer to as “praxi-centric phenomenology"/ I will consider how Buddhist thought and teaching reflect this particular phenomenological approach which is similar, although not identical, to tlie course of tliinking developed and labeled such in tlie West by Edmund Husserl and further reflected upon by Martin Heidegger. Recognizing certain phenomenological aspects of Buddhist thought is certainly not unique for a number of scholars, Kasulis, Laycock, King, Stambaugh, Kopf, among otliers, have demonstrated phenomenological overtones witliin Buddhist thinking. Buddhist thinking from a phenomenological perspective continually asks where meaning and essence can be encountered. Although tlie Buddhist sources I present express and/or describe the route to the heart of tilings in their own way, there is continuity and agreement tliat the individual actively engage in the trutli event for tliere to be any encounter witli ultimate meaning. Thus, praxis, the practical engagement in the truth event, is central to any phenomenological reflection. Furthermore, the passivity of “reflection” in context of phenomenological reflection, takes on the active nature of practical engagement instead of mere projected analysis. The term “phenomenology" originates in Western philosophy and has been used to describe whole schools of thought; it generally describes an approach to philosophical investigation which is in direct contrast to positivist methods of investigation (Comte) and the enlightenment model (Kant). The phenomenological approach seeks to clear away tlie prejudices tlie subjective perspective brings to seeing/understanding experience so that reality, meaning, or things as they exist ‘in tlieniselves' are able to show themselves in an autlientic manner. Auguste Comte, as the fatlier of Positivism, set forth to organise and analyse the phenomenal world by scientific and measurable means. Because certainty lies only in tlie phenomenal realm of experience and in what is measurable, mystery and the undefinable are not recognised as valid and verifable 1 1 introduce the phrase, “praxi-centric phenomenology,” in order to better locate and clarify what I mean by ‘a particular Buddhist phenomenological approach’, being fully aware of tlie pitfalls and limitations of classification and categorization. There is often tension between praxis and theoria, and, particularly in the West, although I locate the same in Eastern thought, theory dominates and at some points obliterates practice in philosophy, religion and other disciplines, including phenomenological movements. To say “praxi-centric” is not to dismiss theory, but to locate theory as supportive rather than the dominating partner when considering the profundity o f reality. components of phenomenal reality. The subject, as the organiser of the information provided in the phenomenal realm, is in turn measured by how sophisticated he/she has become at interpreting such reality. Further, all meaning is located in the immanent f realm. Society, as well as the human subject, is treated as a progressive science with ever increasing aptitude. One problem with this approach is the zeal with which the phenomenal world is considered witliout allowance for a deeper understanding of reality. Additionally, tlie subjective stance becomes evaluator and mediator of meaning (that is, information) which in turn ultimately demands perfection from the subject. Limiting meaning to tlie measurability of the phenomenal realm as well as relying solely on the perception of the subjective stance results in its trivialisation in the positivistic approach. The phenomenological approach recognises tlie limited perspective of tlie subject and works to clarify how the subject is able to evaluate information. Furthermore, phenomenology is no mere descriptive science, concerned widi cataloguing the various appearances of reality. Ratlier phenomenology, as Jan Patocka states, is about the meaning of existents and about being as tlie presupposition for the description carried out.^ Patocka continues to explain tliat phenomenology considers as its highest goal not an explanation subordinated to the principle of sufficient reason ... but ratlier a comprehension of the tiling, tliat is, of all that has to do witli meaning, in the structured richness of its nature and substance.^ With this turn in philosophical investigation, reason tliat eschews from the subject is not allowed to subjugate the objective field of perspective. Instead, the subject-object split is set aside in order to consider where and how meaning itself speaks and abides. This approach destabilizes tlie foundational (ontological) assumptions at the root of most Western philosophical pursuits and allows for tlie possibility of movement so tliat trutli or meaning may emerge. In contrast to Comte’s readiness to find tlie phenomenal realm a fully “real” situation in which to carry out scientific evaluation, Immanuel Kant proposed that there was a ^ Patocka, Jan, A n Introduction to Husserl’s Phenomenology, trans. Erazim Kohak, ed. James Dodd, Chicago: Open Court, 1996, p. 16 2 Patocka, Jan, A n Introduction to Husserl’s Phenomenology, trans. Erazim Kohak, ed. James Dodd, Chicago: Open Court, 1996, p. 16 , ft difference between the “phenomenal” and the “noumenal.” He considered the
Recommended publications
  • Hagiwara Sakutarô, Buddhist Realism, and the Establishment of Japanese Modern Poetry
    HAGIWARA SAKUTARÔ, BUDDHIST REALISM, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF JAPANESE MODERN POETRY Roberto Pinheiro Machado1 Resumo: Este artigo aborda a obra do poeta Hagiwara Sakutarô (1886-1942) a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa que engaja filosofia e literatura. A dimensão filosófica da poesia de Sakutarô é analisada por meio de uma leitura intertextual entre a obra do poeta japonês e a epistemologia budista presente nos textos em sânscrito dos filósofos Dignāga and Dharmakīrti (século V). Essa análise comparativa é efetuada sob a perspectiva da influência do naturalismo europeu no surgimento da poesia japonesa moderna. Demonstrando a possibilidade de um realismo budista que compartilha importantes características estéticas com o naturalismo, o artigo enfatiza a dimensão budista da poesia de Sakutarô, a qual se desvela apesar da rejeição ao budismo operada pelo próprio poeta como passo necessário para o estabelecimento da modernidade nas letras japonesas. Palavras-chave: Hagiwara Sakutarô, Poesia japonesa, Budismo, Modernidade, Filosofia Abstract: This article approaches the works of poet Hagiwara Sakutarô (1886-1942) from a comparative perspective that engages philosophy and literature. The philosophical dimension of Sakutarô’s poetry is analyzed by means of inter-textual readings that draw on the tradition of Buddhist epistemology and on the texts of logicians Dignāga and Dharmakīrti (5th century). The comparative analysis is considered under the perspective of the influence of Naturalism and the use of description in the emergence of Japanese modern poetry. Pointing to the possibility of a Buddhist realism that shares some common characteristics with Naturalism, the article emphasizes the Buddhist dimension of Sakutarô’s poetry, which appears in spite of the poet’s turn to Western philosophy (notably 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Reflections on Critical Buddhism
    Stone on Critical Buddhism.qxd 5/14/99 5:21 PM Page 159 Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 1999 26/1–2 REVIEW ARTICLE Some Reµections on Critical Buddhism Jacqueline STONE Jamie HUBBARD and Paul L. SWANSON, eds., Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm over Critical Buddhism. Nanzan Library of Religion and Culture, no. 2. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 1997. xxviii + 515 pp. $45.00 cloth, ISBN 0-8248-1908-X; $22.95 paper, ISBN 0-8248-1949-7. THE INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT known as “Critical Buddhism” (hihan Bukkyõ −|[î) began around the mid-1980s in Sõtõ Zen circles, led by Hakamaya Noriaki and Matsumoto Shirõ, both Buddhologists as well as ordained Sõtõ priests. Since then it has indeed raised storm waves on the normally placid waters of Japanese academic Buddhist studies. “Criticism alone is Buddhism,” declares Hakamaya, by which he means the critical discrimination of truth from error. Aggressively normative, Critical Buddhism does not hesitate to pronounce on what represents “true” Buddhism and what does not. By its de³nition, Bud- dhism is simply the teachings of non-self (an„tman) and dependent origination (prat‡tya-samutp„da). Many of the most inµuential of Mah„y„na ideas, including notions of universal Buddha nature, tath„gata-garbha, original enlightenment, the nonduality of the Vimalak‡rti Sðtra, and the “absolute nothingness” of the Kyoto school, are all condemned as reverting to fundamentally non-Buddhist notions of „tman, that is, substantial essence or ground. Thus they are to be rejected as “not Buddhism”—the “pruning” of this volume’s title.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-20 Annual Report
    PRINCETON UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT AND PROGRAM OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES Annual Report 2019-2020 1 COVER: The wooden doors to 202 Jones. Photo taken by Martin Kern. 2 Annual Report 2019-20 Contents Director’s Letter 4 Department and Program News 6 Language Programs 8 Undergraduates 11 Graduate Students 14 Faculty 18 Events 24 Summer Programs 26 Affiliated Programs 29 Libraries & Museum 34 3 Director’s Letter, 2019-20 In normal years, the Director’s Letter is a retrospective of the year in East Asian Studies—but where to begin? Annual disasters and upheavals are standard topics in traditional East Asian chronicles. By June of 2020 (a gengzi 庚子 year), we had already lived through more than our share: the coronavirus pandemic, severe economic downturn, government inaction and prevarication, Princeton’s shift to online teaching, dislocation of undergraduate and graduate life, shuttering of libraries and labs, disruption to travel, study, and research for students, staff, and faculty, the brutal murder of George Floyd, and the international renaissance of the Black Lives Matter movement. invigorate campus intellectual life, completing book This spring semester, the usual hum of summer manuscripts, or starting new projects. The heaviest burden, programming and plans for next academic year grew no doubt, fell on our language instructors. The faculty quiet, and many EAS projects were cancelled, postponed, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean innovated non-stop to shifted online, or put on hold. As this Annual Report goes insure that, in the era of Zoom, students would remain fully to press, plans for undergraduate residence on campus engaged in all four language skills of speaking, listening, and the format for classes in fall of 2020 are still being reading, and writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Shields, James Mark
    H-Buddhism Shields, James Mark Page published by A. Charles Muller on Tuesday, January 15, 2019 My Life in Buddhist Studies James Mark Shields Professor of Comparative Humanities and Asian Thought Inaugural Director, Bucknell Humanities Center Bucknell University First, I’d like to thank Chuck Prebish for the opportunity to contribute to this interesting and valuable project. Second, I am sure that my version of this story is considerably less engaging than those of my peers—especially those who came of age in the generation before mine; i.e., in the 1960s and 1970s. With that caveat (always good to lower expectations!), let’s begin. Family Connections It was in the early 1980s that, as a late adolescent, my curiosity was first piqued by Asian cultures and civilizations. The primary causal force was very close to home: my mother. For it was at this time, roughly the age of 12, that it began to dawn on me that my mother—a seemingly ordinary middle-aged and middle-class Canadian woman—was in fact the product of a somewhat more exotic, even tragic, upbringing. Born in Manila, the Philippines in 1937, of Scots, Spanish, and a tiny sliver of native Filipino heritage, she found herself at the tender age of 4 rounded up by an invading Japanese military force and placed in an internment camp on the grounds of Santo Tomas University in Manila, where she and her family were forced to reside for the next 3 years. Needless to say, these were difficult times, and though my mother’s memories are vague, she does recall a clear distinction between the ‘nice’ and ‘nasty’ Japanese guards, as well as the decreasing supplies of food as the war wore on and Japan went from aggressor to defender of the islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia
    Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia. A bibliography of historical and modern texts with introduction and partial annotation, and some echoes in Western countries. [This annotated bibliography of 220 items suggests the range and major themes of how Buddhism and people influenced by Buddhism have responded to disability in Asia through two millennia, with cultural background. Titles of the materials may be skimmed through in an hour, or the titles and annotations read in a day. The works listed might take half a year to find and read.] M. Miles (compiler and annotator) West Midlands, UK. November 2013 Available at: http://www.independentliving.org/miles2014a and http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/bibliography/buddhism/index.php Some terms used in this bibliography Buddhist terms and people. Buddhism, Bouddhisme, Buddhismus, suffering, compassion, caring response, loving kindness, dharma, dukkha, evil, heaven, hell, ignorance, impermanence, kamma, karma, karuna, metta, noble truths, eightfold path, rebirth, reincarnation, soul, spirit, spirituality, transcendent, self, attachment, clinging, delusion, grasping, buddha, bodhisatta, nirvana; bhikkhu, bhikksu, bhikkhuni, samgha, sangha, monastery, refuge, sutra, sutta, bonze, friar, biwa hoshi, priest, monk, nun, alms, begging; healing, therapy, mindfulness, meditation, Gautama, Gotama, Maitreya, Shakyamuni, Siddhartha, Tathagata, Amida, Amita, Amitabha, Atisha, Avalokiteshvara, Guanyin, Kannon, Kuan-yin, Kukai, Samantabhadra, Santideva, Asoka, Bhaddiya, Khujjuttara,
    [Show full text]
  • 'What Is Japanese Philosophy'?
    Introduction: ‘What is Japanese Philosophy’? 459 Introduction: ‘What is Japanese Philosophy’? Raji C. Steineck and Elena Louisa Lange Remarks on the History of a Problem Until very recently, a first inquiry about ‘Japanese Philosophy’ could end up right in wonderland. Depending on which book or expert one turned to for general orientation, one would either learn that a) ‘Philosophy’ has never existed in Japan;1 b) ‘Philosophy’ was evident in Japan from the earliest written sources;2 or c) ‘Japanese Philosophy’ started with Nishida Kitarō’s Study of the Good (1911).3 To make things even more mind-boggling, experts and books upholding proposition b) – philosophical thought is evident in Japan from the earliest written sources – would either assert that it was b’) essentially the same as in the West, or b’’) essentially different from Western, and even from Indian and Chinese philosophy. The publication of a monumental sourcebook in Japanese Philosophy which contains materials from the 8th to the 20th century,4 and the introduction of pertinent articles in standard philosophical encyclopaedias such as the Routledge and the Stanford Encyclopaedias of Philosophy have changed the situation somewhat in the Western world, giving pre-eminence to variants of position b). But position a) is still upheld by many, 1 The locus classicus is Nakae Chōmin’s statement: ‘Since olden times to this day there has been no philosophy in Japan’, quoted recently eg. in Clinton, ‘“Philosophy” or “Religion”?’, p. 75. Godart adds: ‘This view, that there is no such thing as Japanese thought before 1868 which can be labeled “philosophy”, has become prevalent in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophy 1
    Philosophy 1 PHILOSOPHY VISITING FACULTY Doing philosophy means reasoning about questions that are of basic importance to the human experience—questions like, What is a good life? What is reality? Aileen Baek How are knowledge and understanding possible? What should we believe? BA, Yonsei University; MA, Yonsei University; PHD, Yonsei University What norms should govern our societies, our relationships, and our activities? Visiting Associate Professor of Philosophy; Visiting Scholar in Philosophy Philosophers critically analyze ideas and practices that often are assumed without reflection. Wesleyan’s philosophy faculty draws on multiple traditions of Alessandra Buccella inquiry, offering a wide variety of perspectives and methods for addressing these BA, Universitagrave; degli Studi di Milano; MA, Universitagrave; degli Studi di questions. Milano; MA, Universidad de Barcelona; PHD, University of Pittsburgh Visiting Assistant Professor of Philosophy William Paris BA, Susquehanna University; MA, New York University; PHD, Pennsylvania State FACULTY University Stephen Angle Frank B. Weeks Visiting Assistant Professor of Philosophy BA, Yale University; PHD, University of Michigan Mansfield Freeman Professor of East Asian Studies; Professor of Philosophy; Director, Center for Global Studies; Professor, East Asian Studies EMERITI Lori Gruen Brian C. Fay BA, University of Colorado Boulder; PHD, University of Colorado Boulder BA, Loyola Marymount University; DPHIL, Oxford University; MA, Oxford William Griffin Professor of Philosophy; Professor
    [Show full text]
  • Reconsidering the Theoretical/Practical Divide: the Philosophy of Nishida Kitarō
    University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Reconsidering The Theoretical/Practical Divide: The Philosophy Of Nishida Kitarō Lockland Vance Tyler University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Tyler, Lockland Vance, "Reconsidering The Theoretical/Practical Divide: The Philosophy Of Nishida Kitarō" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 752. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/752 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RECONSIDERING THE THEORETICAL/PRACTICAL DIVIDE: THE PHILOSOPHY OF NISHIDA KITARŌ A Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Philosophy University of Mississippi by LOCKLAND V. TYLER APRIL 2013 Copyright Lockland V. Tyler 2013 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Over the years professional philosophy has undergone a number of significant changes. One of these changes corresponds to an increased emphasis on objectivity among philosophers. In light of new discoveries in logic and science, contemporary analytic philosophy seeks to establish the most objective methods and answers possible to advance philosophical progress in an unambiguous way. By doing so, we are able to more precisely analyze concepts, but the increased emphasis on precision has also been accompanied by some negative consequences. These consequences, unfortunately, are much larger and problematic than many may even realize. What we have eventually arrived in at in contemporary Anglo-American analytic philosophy is a complete repression of humanistic concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Reflections on the Place of Philosophy in the Study of Buddhism 145
    Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies ^-*/^z ' '.. ' ' ->"•""'",g^ x Volume 18 • Number 2 • Winter 1995 ^ %\ \l '»!#;&' $ ?j On Method \>. :''i.m^--l'-' - -'/ ' x:N'' ••• '; •/ D. SEYFORT RUEGG £>~C~ ~«0 . c/g Some Reflections on the Place of Philosophy in the Study of Buddhism 145 LUIS O. G6MEZ Unspoken Paradigms: Meanderings through the Metaphors of a Field 183 JOSE IGNACIO CABEZ6N Buddhist Studies as a Discipline and the Role of Theory 231 TOM TILLEMANS Remarks on Philology 269 C. W. HUNTINGTON, JR. A Way of Reading 279 JAMIE HUBBARD Upping the Ante: [email protected] 309 D. SEYFORT RUEGG Some Reflections on the Place of Philosophy in the Study of Buddhism I It is surely no exaggeration to say that philosophical thinking constitutes a major component in Buddhism. To say this is of course not to claim that Buddhism is reducible to any single philosophy in some more or less restrictive sense but, rather, to say that what can be meaningfully described as philosophical thinking comprises a major part of its proce­ dures and intentionality, and also that due attention to this dimension is heuristically necessary in the study of Buddhism. If this proposition were to be regarded as problematic, the difficulty would seem to be due to certain assumptions and prejudgements which it may be worthwhile to consider here. In the first place, even though the philosophical component in Bud­ dhism has been recognized by many investigators since the inception of Buddhist studies as a modern scholarly discipline more than a century and a half ago, it has to be acknowledged that the main stream of these studies has, nevertheless, quite often paid little attention to the philosoph­ ical.
    [Show full text]
  • David Dilworth
    David Dilworth | 2007-2017 Professor Dilworth specializes in the world history of philosophy employing a method that combines exegesis and comparative evaluation of the classic texts. He has done pioneer translation and critical work in the area of Asian, especially Japanese, thought; in more recent years he has specialized in classical American philosophy. He is now continuing a series of studies which establish a trans-Atlantic paradigm running from Kant and the post-Kantians (especially Schelling) to the epigones of American Transcendentalism (Emerson) and Pragmatism (Peirce, James). 1. Books Revised Translation of Fukuzawa Yukichi: Outline of a Theory of Civilization, trans. David A. Dilworth and G. Cameron Hurst, Tokyo: Keio University Press, 2008. (Prof. Hurst’s illness prevented him from doing any work on this redaction which involved intensive collaboration with the staff of Keio University Press during Jan. to May 2008.) Republished by Columbia University Press, 2009. Revised translation of Fukuzawa Yukichi: An Encouragement of Learning, trans. David Dilworth, Tokyo: Keio University Press, 2011. (This retranslation also involved intensive collaboration with the staff of Keio University Press, beginning Jan. 2008 to May 2008 and thereafter through 2010). Republished by Columbia University Press, 2012. 2. Chapters in Books “The Phenomenology and Logic of Inter-presence in Watsuji Tetsurô and Nishida Kitarô,” in Confluences: Studies from East to West in Honor of V. H. Viglielmo, ed. Nobuko Ochner and William Ridgeway, College of Languages, Linguistics and Literature, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2005, 43-55. “Guiding Principles of Interpretation in Watsuji Testurō’s History of Japanese Ethical Thought, With Particular Reference to His Formulation of the Tension Between the Sonnō and Bushidō Traditions,” in Frontiers of Japanese Philosophy, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddha-Nature, Critical Buddhism, and Early Chan*
    Buddha-nature, Critical Buddhism, and Early Chan* Robert H. Sharf (University of California, Berkeley) 국문요약 이 논문은 불교와 서양 철학에 대한 최근의 비교 연구에서 왜 중세 중국불교 사상이 더 이목을 끌지 않았는지에 대한 반성으로 시작한다. 일본의 “비판 불 교”를 창시한 일본의 마츠모토 시로(松本史朗)와 하카마야 노리아키(袴谷憲 * This paper was originally prepared for the conference “Tathāgatagarbha or Buddha-nature Thought: Its Formation, Reception, and Transformation in India, East Asia, and Tibet,” held in Seoul, August 6-7, 2016. My thanks to the conference organizers and participants, as well as to the anonymous reviewers of this article, for their helpful feedback. Thanks also to Jay Garfield, Elizabeth Sharf, and Evan Thompson for their comments and suggestions on earlier drafts. 불교학리뷰 (Critical Review for Buddhist Studies) 22권 (2017. 12) 105p~150p 106 불교학리뷰 vol.22 昭)는 이러한 경시를 당연한 것으로 볼지 모른다. 그들은, 넓게는 동아시아불 교 전체, 좁게는 중국 선불교가 여래장과 불성사상을 수용하여 철학적으로 불 구가 되었다고 보기 때문이다. 실제로 마츠모토는 남종선의 설계자 중 한 사람 인 하택 신회(670-762)를 선종 입장에서 불성 이론을 옹호한 예로 뽑았다. 이 논문은 불성사상과 여래장사상이 실제로 비판적이고 철학적인 작업에 해로운지는 다루지 않는다. 오히려 이 논문의 관심은 8세기 남종선의 창시자 들이 가진 불성사상에 대한 깊은 관심은 그것을 수용하는 것과 전혀 무관하였 다는 것을 증명하는데 있다. 증거는 다음과 같다. (1) 신회의 저술, 주목할 만한 것은 그가 ‘무정불성’설에 대해 반대했다는 사실, (2) 육조단경, 특히 혜능 ‘오 도송’의 다양한 판본들이다. 그리하여 남종선은 비판불교학자들의 반-‘계일원 론(dhātuvāda)’에 대한 선구자로 간주할 수 있다. 이 논문은 중국불교 주석가들이 유가행파와 여래장의 형이상학적 일원론과 중관과 반야류 문헌의 반-실체론적 경향을 융합하려는데서 지속적으로 발생 하는 문제에 대한 평가로 마무리한다.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Confucianism Philosophy? the Answers of Inoue Tetsujirō and Nakae Chōmin
    Is Confucianism philosophy ? The answers of Inoue Tetsujirō and Nakae Chōmin Eddy Dufourmont To cite this version: Eddy Dufourmont. Is Confucianism philosophy ? The answers of Inoue Tetsujirō and Nakae Chōmin . Nakajima Takahiro. Whither Japanese Philosophy 2? Reflections through Other Eyes, , University of Tokyo Center of Philosophy, 2010. hal-01522302 HAL Id: hal-01522302 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01522302 Submitted on 19 May 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 71 4 Is Confucianism philosophy ? The answers of Inoue Tetsujirō and Nakae Chōmin Eddy DUFOURMONT University of Bordeaux 3/ CEJ Inalco Introduction: a philosophical debate from beyond the grave Is Chinese thought a philosophy? This question has been discussed by scholars in the last years from a philosophical point of view,1 but it is possible also to adopt a historical point of view to answer the ques- tion, since Japanese thinkers faced the same problem during Meiji period (1868–1912), when the acquisition of European thought put in question the place of Chinese
    [Show full text]