DIVERSIFYING READERSHIP THROUGH OPEN ACCESS: a USAGE ANALYSIS for OA BOOKS White Paper
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Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: the Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril Michael Matheny, Sonoo Thadaney Israni, Mahnoor Ahmed, and Danielle Whicher, Editors WASHINGTON, DC NAM.EDU PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE • 500 Fifth Street, NW • WASHINGTON, DC 20001 NOTICE: This publication has undergone peer review according to procedures established by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Publication by the NAM worthy of public attention, but does not constitute endorsement of conclusions and recommendationssignifies that it is the by productthe NAM. of The a carefully views presented considered in processthis publication and is a contributionare those of individual contributors and do not represent formal consensus positions of the authors’ organizations; the NAM; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data to Come Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Suggested citation: Matheny, M., S. Thadaney Israni, M. Ahmed, and D. Whicher, Editors. 2019. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril. NAM Special Publication. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine. PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs “Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.” --GOETHE PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs ABOUT THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE The National Academy of Medicine is one of three Academies constituting the Nation- al Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). The Na- tional Academies provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. -
Reading Peer Review
EVE This Element describes for the first time the database of peer review reports at PLOS ONE, the largest scientific journal in ET AL. the world, to which the authors had unique access. Specifically, Reading Peer Review this Element presents the background contexts and histories of peer review, the data-handling sensitivities of this type PLOS ONE and Institutional of research, the typical properties of reports in the journal Change in Academia to which the authors had access, a taxonomy of the reports, and their sentiment arcs. This unique work thereby yields a compelling and unprecedented set of insights into the evolving state of peer review in the twenty-first century, at a crucial political moment for the transformation of science. It also, though, presents a study in radicalism and the ways in which Reading Peer Review Peer Reading PLOS’s vision for science can be said to have effected change in the ultra-conservative contemporary university. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core. Cambridge Elements in Publishing and Book Culture Series Editor: Samantha Rayner University College London Associate Editor: Leah Tether University of Bristol Publishing and Book Culture Academic Publishing Martin Paul Eve, Cameron Neylon, Daniel ISSN 2514-8524 (online) ISSN 2514-8516 (print) Paul O’Donnell, Samuel Moore, Robert Gadie, Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.14, on 25 Sep 2021 at 19:03:04, subject to the Cambridge CoreVictoria terms of use, available Odeniyi at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms and Shahina Parvin. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108783521 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. -
Evidence for Excellence: Has the Signal Overtaken the Substance? an Analysis of Journal Articles Submitted to RAE2008
Digital Research Reports Evidence for excellence: has the signal overtaken the substance? An analysis of journal articles submitted to RAE2008 Jonathan Adams & Karen A Gurney JUNE 2014 About the Authors Jonathan Adams joined Digital Science as Chief Scientist in October 2013. Previously he was the lead founder of Evidence Ltd (2000-2009) and Director of Re- search Evaluation for Thomson Reuters (2009-2013). Jonathan led the 2008 review of research evaluation in New Zealand and was a member of the Australian Research Council (ARC) indicators development group for its research excellence assessment (ERA). In 2004 he chaired the EC Evaluation Monitoring Committee for Framework Programme 6. In 2006 he chaired the Monitoring Group of the European Research Fund for Coal & Steel. In 2010 he was an Expert Advisor to the interim evaluation of the EU's 7th Framework Programme for Research (FP7). Karen Gurney was a co-founder of Evidence Ltd (2000-2009) and led the UK-based research evaluation arm of Thomson Reuters (2009-2013). She is now at Sheffield Hallam University. Karen has managed research evaluation projects for companies and research-funding agencies in Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific. She is an Associ- ate of the Royal College of Science and has a specialist background in biomedical sci- ences, having worked with Leukaemia Research Fund and the Paediatric Epidemiology Group at the University of Leeds. Karen has published extensively in science journals as well as research policy. About Digital Science Digital Science is a technology company serving the needs of scientific research. We offer a range of scientific technology and content solutions that help make sci- entific research more efficient. -
THE OA EFFECT: HOW DOES OPEN ACCESS AFFECT the USAGE of SCHOLARLY BOOKS? White Paper
springernature.com Illustration inspired by the work of Jean-Claude Bradley Open Research THE OA EFFECT: HOW DOES OPEN ACCESS AFFECT THE USAGE OF SCHOLARLY BOOKS? White paper Open Research: Journals, books, data and tools from: 2 The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books? springernature.com Contents Authors Foreword . 3 Christina Emery, Mithu Lucraft, Executive summary . 4 Agata Morka, Ros Pyne Introduction . 5 November 2017 Part 1: Quantitative findings . 6 Summary . 6 Downloads . 7 Citations and mentions . 11 Part 2: Qualitative findings . 13 Summary . 13 Reasons for publishing open access . 14 Experience of publishing open access . 15 The future of open access . 16 Discussion . 18 Conclusion and recommendations . 20 Acknowledgements . 22 Contacts . 23 About Springer Nature and OA books . 24 Appendices . 26 Appendix 1: Definitions and limitations . 26 Appendix 2: Methodology . 27 Appendix 3: Top 10 downloaded books . 29 Appendix 4: Interviewed authors and funders . 30 Appendix 5: Author questionnaire . 32 Appendix 6: Funder questionnaire . 33 Appendix 7: References . 34 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0) The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books? springernature.com 3 Foreword Springer Nature was created in 2015, but from our earliest days as Springer, Palgrave Macmillan and Nature, we have been publishing monographs and long-form research for some 175 years. The changing environment for book publishing has created both opportunities and challenges for researchers and their funders, for publishers, and for the wider community of readers and educators. As a publisher, we have championed new models of scholarship, introducing ebooks in 2006, and our first open access (OA) book in 2011. -
SCIENCE and the MEDIA AMERICAN ACADEMY of ARTS & SCIENCES Science and the Media
SCIENCE AND THE MEDIA AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS & SCIENCES SCIENCE AND THE MEDIA AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS Science and the Media Edited by Donald Kennedy and Geneva Overholser AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS & SCIENCES AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS & SCIENCES Science and the Media Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge, MA 02138-1996 Telephone: 617-576-5000 Fax: 617-576-5050 Email: [email protected] Web: www.amacad.org Science and the Media Edited by Donald Kennedy and Geneva Overholser © 2010 by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences All rights reserved. ISBN#: 0-87724-087-6 The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is grateful to the Annenberg Foundation Trust at Sunnylands for supporting The Media in Society project. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Annenberg Foundation Trust at Sunnylands or the Officers and Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Contents vi Acknowledgments vii Preface 1 Chapter 1 Science and the Media Donald Kennedy 10 Chapter 2 In Your Own Voice Alan Alda 13 Chapter 3 Covering Controversial Science: Improving Reporting on Science and Public Policy Cristine Russell 44 Chapter 4 Civic Scientific Literacy: The Role of the Media in the Electronic Era Jon D. Miller 64 Chapter 5 Managing the Trust Portfolio: Science Public Relations and Social Responsibility Rick E. Borchelt, Lynne T. Friedmann, and Earle Holland 71 Chapter 6 Response to Borchelt, Friedmann, and Holland on Managing the Trust Portfolio: Science Public Relations and Social Responsibility Robert Bazell 74 Chapter 7 The Scientist as Citizen Cornelia Dean 80 Chapter 8 Revitalizing Science Journalism for a Digital Age Alfred Hermida 88 Chapter 9 Responsible Reporting in a Technological Democracy William A. -
SUBMISSION from SPRINGER NATURE Making Plan S Successful
PLAN S IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE: SUBMISSION FROM SPRINGER NATURE Springer Nature welcomes the opportunity to provide feedback to the cOAlition S Implementation Guidance and contribute to the discussion on how the transition to Open Access (OA) can be accelerated. Our submission below focuses mainly on the second question posed in the consultation: Are there other mechanisms or requirements funders should consider to foster full and immediate Open Access of research outputs? Making Plan S successful: a commitment to open access Springer Nature is dedicated to accelerating the adoption of Open Access (OA) publishing and Open Research techniques. As the world’s largest OA publisher we are a committed partner for cOAlition S funders in achieving this goal which is also the primary focus of Plan S. Our recommendations below are therefore presented with the aim of achieving this goal. As a first mover, we know the (multiple) challenges that need to be overcome: funding flows that need to change, a lack of cooperation in funder policies, a lack of global coordination, the need for a cultural change in researcher assessment and metrics in research, academic disciplines that lack OA resources, geographic differences in levels of research output making global “Publish and Read” deals difficult and, critically, an author community that does not yet view publishing OA as a priority. While this uncertainty remains, we need the benefits of OA to be better described and promoted as well as support for the ways that enable us and other publishers to cope with the rapidly increasing demand. We therefore propose cOAlition S adopt the following six recommendations which we believe are necessary to deliver Plan S’s primary goal of accelerating the take-up of OA globally while minimising costs to funders and other stakeholders: 1. -
Ddawson2012.Pdf (700.6Kb)
Open Science and Crowd Science: Selected Sites and Resources Diane (DeDe) Dawson Natural Sciences Liaison Librarian University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada [email protected] Table of Contents Introduction Open Science Crowd Science Methods and Scope Open Science – Definitions and Principles Open Science – Open Lab Notebooks of Individuals and Lab Groups Open Science – Blogs Crowd Science – Projects for Individuals or Small Teams Crowd Science – Volunteer Distributed Computing Projects The Main Software Organizations Selected Projects Further Sources for Projects Selected Examples of Collaborative Science Sites for Specialists Main Software & Online Tools for Open Science Open Science Conferences and Community Conferences Further Reading/Viewing Videos Reports and White Papers Open e-Books Selected Essays, Articles, and Interviews References Introduction “To take full advantage of modern tools for the production of knowledge, we need to create an open scientific culture where as much information as possible is moved out of people’s heads and laboratories, and onto the network” (Nielsen 2011, p.183). New Internet technologies are radically enhancing the speed and ease of scholarly communications, and are providing opportunities for conducting and sharing research in new ways. This webliography explores the emerging “open science” and “crowd science” movements which are making use of these new opportunities to increase collaboration and openness in scientific research. The collaboration of many researchers on a project can enhance the rate of data-collection and analysis, and ignite new ideas. In addition, since there are more eyes to spot any inaccuracies or errors, collaborative research is likely to produce better quality results. Openness early in the research process alerts others to the work resulting in less duplication of efforts. -
THE FUTURE of OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS from a GLOBAL SURVEY of ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS Ros Pyne Springer Nature
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc. Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln 6-2019 THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS Ros Pyne Springer Nature Christina Emery Springer Nature Mithu Lucraft Springer Nature Anna Sophia Pinck Springer Nature Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scholcom Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, Scholarly Communication Commons, and the Scholarly Publishing Commons Pyne, Ros; Emery, Christina; Lucraft, Mithu; and Pinck, Anna Sophia, "THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS" (2019). Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.. 113. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scholcom/113 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc. by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. springernature.com Illustration inspired by the work of Jokichi Takamine Open Research THE FUTURE OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS: FINDINGS FROM A GLOBAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC BOOK AUTHORS White paper Open Research: Journals, books, data and tools from: Contents Foreword ...........................................................1 Authors Ros Pyne Executive summary ...................................................2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310- Introduction .........................................................5 3153 Survey findings .......................................................7 Christina Emery 1. Book authors’ motivations and priorities ..............................7 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903- 1.1 Motivations for publishing books .................................7 6724 1.2 Print ........................................................10 Mithu Lucraft 2. Attitudes to OA books . -
Some Can Jump Research Paper Paywall Thanks to Nature Group 2 December 2014, by Nancy Owano
Some can jump research paper paywall thanks to Nature group 2 December 2014, by Nancy Owano member of the publishing world, Nature Publishing Group, was announced that will mark a turn in no- sharing roadblocks. Macmillan, the NPG parent, announced on Tuesday that "Subscribers to 49 journals on nature.com can now legitimately and conveniently share the full-text of articles of interest with colleagues who do not have a subscription via a shareable web link on nature.com." Nature reporter Richard Van Noorden said, "All research papers from Nature will be made free to read in a proprietary screen-view format that can be annotated but not copied, printed or downloaded." In addition to Nature, other well-known journals affected include Nature Physics, Nature Genetics, and Nature Medicine. Under the policy, subscribers can share a paper through a link to a read-only version of the paper's PDF that can be viewed through a web browser. Personal subscribers get access from 1997 on. There's more: An initial group of 100 media outlets and blogs will be able to share links to read-only PDFs (though they cannot be printed). PDFs can be saved to a free desktop version of ReadCube, backed by Digital Science, a division of Macmillan Publishers and a sister company of Nature Nature cover. Credit: NPG Publishing Group. ReadCube software is focused on making research literature accessible and connected; in this initiative, the ReadCube platform will be used to host and display the read-only Great things happen when scientists share, versions of the articles' PDFs. -
Jump Off the Page Researchers Are Learning to Embrace Online Lab Notebooks, but Not Without Growing Pains
CAREERS GRANTS Success rate for UK government SALARIES Faculty pay up more at US public NATUREJOBS For the latest career funding is lower for women p.525 universities than at private p.525 listings and advice www.naturejobs.com SERGEV NIVENS/SHUTTERSTOCK RESEARCH TOOLS Jump off the page Researchers are learning to embrace online lab notebooks, but not without growing pains. BY AMANDA MASCARELLI is followed by the open-science community. contain much more information than will Viewers can find the notebook through the ever be published in an academic paper. They wo years into his PhD, Carl Boettiger wiki’s RSS feed and links on social media as can be used as evidence for securing patents, needed a better way to organize his data well as in Google searches, and can post com- to settle legal issues or to pass a project from and synthesize his ideas. Fishing around ments. He soon started to receive suggestions one researcher to another. Industry labs almost Tonline, he stumbled across chemist Cameron about, and valuable feedback on, his research always require their researchers to maintain Neylon’s open electronic lab notebook. Boet- and methods from other scientists — mostly such records, as do many academic principal tiger, who was studying mathematical ecology, followers of open science from outside his field investigators, and until very recently the infor- liked what he saw. Neylon, now advocacy — and some even led to collaborations. mation would be kept securely under wraps in director at the Public Library of Science in San Four years on, Boettiger, now a theoretical the lab until it was published. -
Open Science and the Role of Publishers in Reproducible Research
Open science and the role of publishers in reproducible research Authors: Iain Hrynaszkiewicz (Faculty of 1000), Peter Li (BGI), Scott Edmunds (BGI) Chapter summary Reproducible computational research is and will be facilitated by the wide availability of scientific data, literature and code which is freely accessible and, furthermore, licensed such that it can be reused, inteGrated and built upon to drive new scientific discoveries without leGal impediments. Scholarly publishers have an important role in encouraGing and mandating the availability of data and code accordinG to community norms and best practices, and developinG innovative mechanisms and platforms for sharinG and publishinG products of research, beyond papers in journals. Open access publishers, in particular the first commercial open access publisher BioMed Central, have played a key role in the development of policies on open access and open data, and increasing the use by scientists of leGal tools – licenses and waivers – which maximize reproducibility. Collaborations, between publishers and funders of scientific research, are vital for the successful implementation of reproducible research policies. The genomics and, latterly, other ‘omics communities historically have been leaders in the creation and wide adoption of policies on public availability of data. This has been throuGh policies, such as Fort Lauderdale and the Bermuda Principles; infrastructure, such as the INSDC databases; and incentives, such as conditions of journal publication. We review some of these policies and practices, and how these events relate to the open access publishinG movement. We describe the implementation and adoption of licenses and waivers prepared by Creative Commons, in science publishinG, with a focus on licensing of research data published in scholarly journals and data repositories. -
Unintended Side Effects of the Digital Transition: European Scientists’ Messages from a Proposition-Based Expert Round Table
sustainability Article Unintended Side Effects of the Digital Transition: European Scientists’ Messages from a Proposition-Based Expert Round Table Roland W. Scholz 1,2,* ID , Eric J. Bartelsman 3, Sarah Diefenbach 4 ID , Lude Franke 5, Arnim Grunwald 6,7 ID , Dirk Helbing 8, Richard Hill 9, Lorenz Hilty 10,11 ID , Mattias Höjer 12 ID , Stefan Klauser 8, Christian Montag 13,14 ID , Peter Parycek 15,16, Jan Philipp Prote 17, Ortwin Renn 18, André Reichel 19, Günther Schuh 17, Gerald Steiner 1 and Gabriela Viale Pereira 16 1 Department Knowledge and Information Management, Danube University of Krems, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Department of Economics and Tinbergen Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] 4 Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; [email protected] 5 Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 6 Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; [email protected] 7 Office of Technology Assessment at the German Bundestag (TAB), 10178 Berlin, Germany 8 Department of Humanities Social and Political Sciences ETH Zurich, 9092 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] (D.H.); [email protected] (S.K.) 9 Hill & Associates, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] 10 Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; hilty@ifi.uzh.ch 11 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), 9014 St.