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St. Augustine National Register Historic District (2016)

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St. Augustine National Register Historic District (2016) ST. AUGUSTINE INVENTORY ST. JOHNS COUNTY, FLORIDA Prepared for The City of St. Augustine St. Augustine, Florida and Florida Department of State Division of Historical Resources Tallahassee, Florida Prepared by Patricia Davenport, MHP Environmental Services, Inc. and Paul Weaver Historic Property Associates, Inc. 30 June 2016 Grant No. S1601 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. 7220 Financial Way, Suite 100 Jacksonville, Florida 32256 (904) 470-2200 St. Augustine National Register Historic District Survey Report For the City of St. Augustine EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Environmental Services Inc. of Jacksonville, Florida with assistance from Historic Property Associates of St. Augustine, Florida, conducted an inventory of structures within the St. Augustine National Register Historic District, for the City of St. Augustine, St. John’s County, Florida from December 2015 through June 2016. The survey was conducted under contract number RFP #PB2016-01 with the City of St. Augustine to fulfill requirements under a Historic Preservation Small-Matching Grant (CSFA 45.031), grant number S1601. The objectives of the survey was to update the inventory of historic structures within the St. Augustine National Register Historic District, and to record and update Florida Master Site File (FMSF) forms for all structures 45 years old or older, and for any “reconstructions” on original locations utilizing the Historic Structure Form and assess their eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). All work was intended to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 (as amended) as implemented by 36 CFR 800 (Protection of Historic Properties), Chapter 267 F.S. and the minimum field methods, data analysis, and reporting standards embodied in the Florida Division of Historic Resources’ (FDHR) Historic Compliance Review Program (November 1990, final draft version). All work also conformed to the professional guidelines set forth in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation (48 FR 4416). Field survey methods complied with Chapter 1A-46 Florida Administrative Code. The architectural survey consisted of pedestrian investigation to field verify all architectural resources within the project area constructed up to 1970. Data from the City of St. Augustine Property Appraiser and the Florida Master Site File (FMSF) was collected and cross referenced to insure the accuracy of information and the correlation with respective buildings. Research conducted at local and state repositories focused on historical context of the project area. A total of three hundred forty-seven (347) resources were assessed during the field survey. Of those resources three hundred twenty-four (324) had been previously recorded; and twenty-three (23) are newly recorded. Three hundred thirteen (313) of the resources are considered to be contributing to a NRHD; and approximately sixty-two (62) are considered to be potentially eligible as contributing resources to a NHLD. An electronic copy of project GIS data layers showing all surveyed resources at least 50 years of age and a color overlay map depicting the newly surveyed structures and the previously recorded structures are on file with the City of St. Augustine and the Florida Department of State Division of Historic Resources. An inventory of these resources can be found in Appendix A of this report; and the Survey Log Sheet can be found in Appendix B. A map of the survey area showing all associated data can be found in Appendix C. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... ii LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES ......................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ 1-1 I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1-2 II. SURVEY CRITERIA .............................................................................................. 2-1 III. SURVEY METHOD ................................................................................................3-1 IV. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLONIAL CITY ........................4-1 V. ARCHITECTURAL REPORT AND SURVEY RESULTS ................................5-1 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................6-1 VII. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES.......................................................................7-1 APPENDICES Appendix A: Inventory List Appendix B: Survey Log Sheet Appendix C: Map of the Survey Area Appendix D: Current National Register Historic District Resources and National Historic Landmarks Attachment E: Potential National Historic Landmark District Resources ii LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES Page Map 1: St. Augustine Survey Area ............................................................................. 3-3 Figure 1: 1564 French establish Fort Caroline on St. Johns River ................................ 4-1 Figure 2: Spanish Trade Route ...................................................................................... 4-2 Figure 3: 1565 Sept. 8: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founds St. Augustine ................... 4-2 Figure 4: 1566-1573 Town of St. Augustine is located on Anastasia Island ................ 4-3 Figure 5: 1586 St. Augustine is sacked and burned by the English freebooter Francis Drake .............................................................................................................. 4-4 Figure 6: San Agustin EN 1586 Por Boazio .................................................................. 4-5 Figure 7: 1598 Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canzo reports that the city of St. Augustine is laid out according to Spanish royal ordinance of 1573 for establishing towns. .......................................................................... 4-7 Figure 8: 1672 Spanish begin building Castillo de San Marcos ................................. 4-8 Figure 9: 1580 Spanish discover coquina stone on Anastasia Island ............................ 4-8 Figure 10: 1670 English begin settlement of Charles Town ......................................... 4-9 Figure 11: 1702 English invaders from Carolina lay siege to Castillo for 52 days. English are not successful, but destroy the town as they withdraw ............... 4-9 Figure 12: Castillo, Cubo Line and Northern Defenses of St. Augustine, C. 1763 ...... 4-10 Figure 13: 1733 James Oglethrope leads founding of British colony of Georgia ......... 4-10 Figure 14: St. Francis Barracks ..................................................................................... 4-11 Figure 15: Franciscan Missions to the West and North of St. Augustine ..................... 4-12 Figure 16: Typical Colonial Balcony ............................................................................ 4-12 Figure 17: 1763 Great Britain receives Florida by Treaty of Paris at conclusion of Seven Years’ War. Spanish residents leave for Cuba .................................. 4-13 Figure 18: King’s Bakery, C. 1936 ............................................................................... 4-13 iii LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Figure 19: 1768 Minorcans, Greeks and Italians arrive to work Andrew Turnbull’s plantation at New Smyrna ............................................................................ 4-14 Figure 20: 1783-84 Second Treaty of Paris, ending the American Revolution, returns Florida to Spain ............................................................................................ 4-15 Figure 21: Cathedral of St. Augustine ........................................................................... 4-16 Figure 22: St. Augustine City Gates, 1808 .................................................................... 4-16 Figure 23: 1813 Public square renamed Plaza de la Constitución to conmemórate Spain’s Constitution of 1812. Monument to Spanish Constitution completed in Jan. 1814 .................................................................................................. 4-17 Figure 24: Transfer of Florida from Spain to United States, 1821 ................................ 4-18 Figure 25: US Government 1848 Update of Rocque Map of St. Augustine 1788 ........ 4-20 Figure 26: St. Augustine Seawall, c. 1876 .................................................................... 4-20 Figure 27: Dade Pyramids, United States National Cemetery ...................................... 4-21 Figure 28: St. Augustine during the Civil War .............................................................. 4-22 Figure 29: Casa Monica Hotel ....................................................................................... 4-23 Figure 30: St. Augustine Cathedral with Bell Tower .................................................... 4-24 Figure 31: Lyon Building .............................................................................................. 4-25 Figure 32: Exchange Bank Building ............................................................................. 4-26 Figure 33: Government House ...................................................................................... 4-27 Figure 34: St. Augustine Served as a Major Coast Guard Training Center during
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