Volume 42 Number 2 Website: http://www.aerohistorians.org February 2008

Mitsubishi J8M Shusui B-29 raids forced production into makeshift factories, such as this one.

The Mitsubishi J8M Shusui which was whether their industry assist its own production. In turn the by Rick Koehnen could afford to take on another Japanese would compensate the program that was technically German government 20m (million) In the autumn of 1943 beyond anything else they had Reichsmark for the rocket alone. Japanese military and naval done before. But the proponents of attaches were given a the program won and Germany Complete and duplicate sets of demonstration in Germany of the agreed to supply complete technical data on all areas of the Messerschmitt Me 163B. Japan blueprints and manufacturing data project were dispatched to Japan began to negotiate a manufacturing for the rocket motor and Me 163B by Cdr Kikkawa aboard the license agreement for both the Me airframe along with one complete submarine Satsuki and by Cdr 163B and the Walter HWK 509A aircraft, two sets of subassemblies Tway aboard the submarine Matsu. rocket motor. and three complete rocket motors The Satsuki was sunk by the Allies and fuel manufacturing processes, but the Matsu docked in Singapore Arguments raged in Japan by 1 March 1944. The Japanese on 14 July, 1944. Cdr Iwaya was between the Army and Navy and were allowed to send a joint service immediately flown to Tokyo with his various different interest groups as task force to examine the German's documents. to the viability of Japans need and manufacturing, assembly, and use of these weapons. The least of operating use of the aircraft to (Continued on page 4)

Page 1 TCAH Officers GENERAL MEETING MINUTES œ From the Vice President January 2008 by Larry Donovan President , Bob Maderich Bob Maderich called the meet- Firstly, my apologies for miss- Vice-President , Larry Donovan ing to order at 1:30pm. We had ing the January meeting. At the last some new people show up, Dave minute I was "urgently" called to Secretary , Bernie Kugel Dewitt and Randy Worenger. Wel- work (the real job; not the fun one come. John Roll, Winston, and Axel at a hobby store). I'll spare you, the Treasurer , Steve Jantscher told us of new products. Steve reader, from the details; but be fore- Jantscher gave his Treasurer‘s re- warned, this does give grist for this Historian , Tom Norrbohm port. We voted on a theme for Nor- writer's mill in a later issue. dicon. —Back to the 50‘s“ was voted. I am going to keep this month's Newsletter Info Winston then made a pitch for column short, covering a few issues Article Submission Deadline: 22nd having an R5 in Rochester in 2009 I would like to get started ASAP of each month. and asked for support from the with the club's support: members of TCAH. Editor The Guest Speaker Forum Bob Arko Bernie Kugel made his current Please let me know if you are 6417 Rice Court report for Nordicon. He is looking interested in giving a presentation Lino Lakes, MN 55014 for volunteers to help. Please con- for our meetings. It does not have 651-481-8887h tact him for more information. to be over 20 minutes; we do not 763-496-6742w expect the smooth delivery of a [email protected] Larry Donovan is looking ideas Presidential candidate on the hus- from the members for upcoming tling; and we do promise that this Distribution Editor demos and seminars. Please con- will increase our knowledge of Rick Schmierer tact Larry if you have anything. something about modeling, history, 1852 E. 39 Street or both. Contact me at home, or at Minneapolis, MN 55407 We had —Show and Tell“, and the meeting, or email 612-721-8787 then meeting was adjourned. ([email protected]) [email protected]. Judges' School Send articles to: From the President Let's face it. We as a club Bob Arko by Bob Maderich have been extraordinarly lucky in 6417 Rice Court having great judges at our Nordi- Lino Lakes, MN 55014 Welcome to the February Cons. They work very hard under a [email protected] TCAH newsletter. very tight deadline and have done a great job each and every time. Send Change of address notice to: First off, thanks to everyone Steve Jantscher who voted last month for our annual And, let's face it, we are burn- 20430 Texas Avenue awards and for choosing the 2008 ing them out. One of the issues in Prior Lake, Minnesota 55372 Nordicon special theme. I think running for this job (just one heart "Back to the 50's" will be a good beat away from our fearless theme to build for. Try something leader!) is that we need to expand TCAH This Month different, a jet, an airliner, heck our "corps d'judge(s)". If we want maybe even a car! this to happen we need a Judge's The monthly meeting will be held School to help this process Saturday February 9, at Fleming I'm hoping to have some more along. Our experienced judges can Field, South St. Paul, beginning at forums in the coming months, be teach our novices what to look for 1:30 pm. Vendor baiting will begin they historical or model related. and how to evaluate models in dif- about 12:30, so come early. I really enjoyed the ones we had in ferent categories. After going 2007. So, if you are interested in through this process, potential doing one, or would like to suggest judges can receive practical experi- one, contact Larry Donovan or my- ence by being more confident when self and we'll get on it. you are at another groups show Picture your model here! Send me and they ask you to judge. We can a photo of your model, and it‘ll be Looking forward to the run a "simulated contest" at a future used to fill these little white spaces Rochester show, always a (Continued on page 3) at the ends of the columns. blast, see ya there!

Page 2 club meeting; or if the club allows, airliners. Value of the deal is $344 had their plans disrupted. use an "On the Table" from a regu- million. is the larg- lar meeting. If we want to have a est operator in the world of Em- Jeju Air, a Korean low-cost car- judged show for 2009, now is the braer airliners with 101 currently in rier, ordered 5 Boeing 737-800s on time to start training. If you are a their fleet. The Embraer 175 has 76 the last day of 2007. Cost of deal is judge willing to "show us how" or if seats - 12 in first class and 64 in $370 million. you are interested in becoming a coach. By the end of 2007, Em- judge, let me know through the con- braer had delivered 712 and had Lufthansa will hire 4,300 new tacts above. orders for 756 more, for a total of employees this year - all in Ger- 1,468 Embraer 175s. The Embraer many. Upcoming Contests for our 175 is operated by 43 airlines in area: over 30 countries. Boeing received a record firm orders for 1,413 airliners in 2007. Feb 2nd Hope it Don't Snow in Maxjet, the two year old, all- Boeing had orders in 2006 for 1,044 Rochester, at a new facility, the business class airline serving trans- airliners. Third year in a row that Kaehler Hotel: contact Ed St. Denis Atlantic routes, ceased operations orders have been over 1,000. or see the website for the Zumbro on Christmas day, and filed for Valley Modelers bankruptcy protection in the face of Boeing delivered 330 Boeing high fuel costs, and fierce competi- 737s, 83 Boeing 777s, 16 Boeing March 1st "Mad City Modelers tion. They operated 4 Boeing 767- 747s, and 12 Boeing 767s, for a to- 13th Annual Contest" at the Radis- 200 aircraft. tal of 441 delivered in 2007. son in Madison WI. See the Mad City website or contact Jim Turek at Air Astana, the airline of the Boeing and both pre- 608-329-7222 central Asian nation of Kazakhstan, dicted a very sharp decline in airline ordered 6 Airbus A-320s and 3 orders for 2008. Boeing and Airbus March 29 "3rd Annual Model Boeing 787 Dreamliners for a com- had record orders and deliveries in Contest" by the IPMS South Min- bined price of $950 million. Air As- 2007. nesota; contact Dan Bauer at 507- tana presently has 18 jets. 427-2729. Delta Airlines and some other British Airways ordered 24 major airlines (like Northwest Air- April 12 "14th Annual Plastic Boeing 787 Dreamliners. The order lines) will merge this year - predic- Surgeons Contest" West Des is valued at $4.4 Billion. British Air- tion from me!! Moines IA. See the IPMS Plastic ways took an option for 18 more. Surgeons website or contact Robert Gulf Air ordered 16 Boeing 787 Folder 515-664-4900 GOL, the airline of Brazil, or- Dreamliners worth $3.4 Billion. Gulf dered 34 Boeing 737-800s com- Air also purchased 8 Airbus A-320s May 16th-17th Region 5 Re- pleting a purchase option for 121 for $520 million. gional Contest hosted by IPMS Fort airliners. This brings GOL fleet to Crook. The venue is the Mid- 161 Boeing 737-800s. Air Pacific, the airline of Fiji, or- America Center in Council Bluffs dered 3 more Boeing 787 Dreamlin- IA. Contact Scott.hackney@cox. Air China is the world's most ers. Deal is worth $580 million. net or contact Scott at 402-598- valuable airline in terms of assets. 6114. Having been to the site for Airbus delivered a record 453 Omacon 2007, I can tell you it is a China has agreed to relax most airliners in 2007. In 2006, Airbus great site. There is a Country Inn of the airline restrictions on com- delivered 434, but in 2008, Airbus is and Suites adjacent to the hall, and mercial aviation (airlines) by letting planning to deliver 470 airliners. you are spittin' distance from the carriers expand flights and cargo Boeing wins in this category. casinos if so inclined. services. In other words, China just de-regulated her airline industry. Airbus received 1,341 orders in Went a little long (again!) 2007 for a total value of $157.1 Bil- but see you at the February Boeing now has 790 orders for lion, compared with 790 orders in meeting! their 787 Dreamliner. 2006. Boeing wins in this category.

United Airlines cancelled more and Delta Airline Chatter than 1,000 flights around the Airlines have started merger talks. If by Terry Love Christmas holiday due to bad Delta Airlines ends up merging with weather. The average airliner holds (unlikely), then Embraer announced an order about 140 passengers. So, that is Northwest will drop out of the from Republic Airlines, the com- more than 140,000 passengers that (Continued on page 4) muter airline, for 11 Embraer 175

Page 3 (Continued from page 3) COMPARING DELTA AIRLINES'S has several unions, while only pilots merger. POSSIBLE MERGER PARTNERS are unionized at Delta, so labor in- by Terry Love tegration would be very compli- Boeing announced the sale of cated. Both airlines have hubs in another to a The following is a look at each the west - Delta in Salt Lake City VIP individual. Boeing has now sold potential merger, as well as some and United in Denver. One would 841 Dreamliners to 55 different cus- pros and cons if either United Air- have to go. tomers, including a record-breaking lines or Northwest Airlines merge Delta and NWA - NWA is much 369 orders in 2007. with Delta Airlines. more unionized than Delta, and that presents a major problem of inte- Northwest Airlines's fleet plans Combined market share - gration. The fleets do not match as for 2008 consist of parking about 24 Delta and United - 29% well as the possible United merger. Douglas DC-9s, and 3 - Delta and NWA - 23% Delta has hubs in Cincinnati and 200s. Atlanta and NWA has hubs in De- Combined fleet - troit and Memphis. At least two United Airlines wild hold merger Delta and United - 900 aircraft would have to go. talks with Continental Airlines if Delta and NWA - 811 aircraft United does not make a deal with Impact on headquarter cities - Delta Airlines (unlikely). Combined revenue - Delta and United - United is a larger Delta and United - $37.7 Billion carrier and the better-known brand. Boeing announced that for the Delta and NWA - $29.9 Billion That would give United its leverage year 2007, the 747 program sur- to keep the surviving name and passed the 1,500 order mark sold. Total employees - possibly keeping the headquarters The 767 program surpassed the Delta and United - 98,600 in Chicago. Atlanta will remain the 1,000 orders mark. The 737 Delta and NWA - 76,000 same as far as flight hubs, so there reached the 7,000 sold mark. Boe- would little effect on air service to ing sold 25 private VIP aircraft, in- Key markets - the city. cluding 8 wide-bodied aircraft. The Delta and United - Combines two Delta and NWA - NWA is smaller 777 program also surpassed the largest US hubs (Atlanta and Chi- than Delta, so it is more likely that 1,000 sold milestone. cago) and Delta's trans-Atlantic and Delta would be the surviving brand east coast networks with United's and the headquarters would move Air France, who owns KLM, has Asian, midwest and west coast to Atlanta. The Atlanta flight hub offered to help speed along a possi- markets. would remain the same. ble Delta Airlines - Northwest Air- Delta and NWA - Combines NWA's lines merger. All are members of great Asian, and midwest routes What ever happens, it will hap- the Sky Team Alliance. with Delta's trans-Atlantic, east pen fast. It should be com- coast and eastern presence. pleted this year - 2008. Northwest Airlines's major hang up on the merger could be the deal Pros - that they have with MAC- Delta and United - On paper, many Metropolitan Airports Commission. industry "experts" say that this is a (Continued from page 1) The argument still continued If NWA moves their headquarters, great match. The carrier would over whether Japan should devote there is a $215 million penalty. have a truly global reach, and both so much of their resources to NWA might be also forced into early operate many of the same type of developing this radical weapon. repayment of a $245 million bond airliners. The Commanding Officer of the Air which is due by the year 2022. Delta and NWA - Global reach and Technical Arsenal, Vice Admiral Delta does NOT have any type of a more opportunities to cut costs. Misao Wada argued that a deal with Atlanta's airport commis- Delta's CEO Richard Anderson and desperate affliction called for a sion. Delta says that its headquar- NWA's CEO Doug Streenland know desperate remedy. With that, the ters WILL remain in Atlanta under each other well, which could help Navy tasked Mitsubishi to develop ANY merger conditions that they smooth top-echelon integration is- a Japanese version of the Me 163B negotiate. A combination of Delta sues. A merger of these two would under the 19-Shi specification. It and either Northwest or United, be more acceptable to the govern- was to be designated the J8M1 in would be the largest airline merger ment. Navy use and the Ki-200 by the in history. Army. Its name was to be Shusui Cons - (Sword Stroke). Delta and United - Government

could block creation of such a mas- The documentation that sive airline. United (Continued on page 5)

Page 4 (Continued from page 4) The first one completed was sent to Me 163B data into a completed reached Japan was not complete the 312th Naval Air Group airframe, the work on the HWK and the Army and Navy split in Hyakurigahara airfield which was to 509A rocket motor had not gone as development views. The Navy be the first unit to operate the smoothly. Two divisions of wanted to stay as close to the J8M1. Mitsubishi's industrial base along German plans as possible while the with the Navy developed the engine Army thought that little more time Lt Cdr Inuzuka made the first known as the Yoku Ro.2 or KR-20. would be wasted totally redesigning flight of the MXY8 on 8 December Production of the fuel or T-stoff as the aircraft to attain a desired 1944 after being towed into the air the Germans called it, was to be improvement in endurance, since behind a K1 OW1. Reports we accomplished by the Navy's 1st missing areas would have to be favorable as were those of the Fuel Arsenal with the Mitsubishi reengineered anyway. The Navy second Akikusa which had been Kasei and Edogawa Kagaku decision finally prevailed. sent to the Army Aerotechnical chemical companies. The Ko-liquid Research Institute at Tachikaw. (T-stoff) was 80 percent hydrogen The Mitsubishi Nagoya plant peroxide (H2O2) plus oxyquinoline was assigned the task of On December 1, the structural and pyrophosphate as a stabilizer constructing the J8M1 and from the test item was inspected. A week while Otsu-liquid (C-Stoff) was 30 first full scale meeting on 7 August later while being tested it was percent hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) the military differences were set severally overstressed and in methanol (CH3HO) and water aside. Cockpit mock-up was 18 distorted during a series of strong with a little copper potassium days later on 26 Sept. Production earth tremors. On 18 December the cyanide. Problems were called for 155 aircraft before March, Ohe plant which was building the encountered with building a 1945, 1,300 by September and 'heavy gliders' was hit by a B-29 satisfactory turbine pump and just 3,600 by March, 1946. raid. The test article and unfinished as the problems were solved, B- 'heavy gliders' were moved into a 29's attacked the plant forcing work Under the leadership of Mijiro mountain cave plant at Taura, to move. Many of the materials the Takahashi, the Mitsubishi team had Yokosuk. Both the Ohe and Nanko Germans used were unable to be to make a lot of educated guesses plant continued to build a number of duplicated in war torn Japan. in the areas of missing data since pre-series Shusui's. Despite these Chrome steel was used in place of there was no time to reengineer problems the first 'heavy glider' stainless steel in parts of the pump everything. As they would finish an made its first flight on January, 8, and this led to explosions of the area the plant would produce the 1945, at Hyakurigahara, towed units. A separate pump design, KR- parts. Three airframes began to behind a B6N1 Tenzan. 22, was started but it also exploded take shape, one a structural test and was then abandoned, all effort article, the others were to be 'heavy The only flight differences going back into the KR-20. gliders' to test the flight between the 'heavy glider' and the characteristics. In Germany Dr. Akikusa were minor trim On 11 April, 1945, more than Lippish had been building tailless adjustments at takeoff. It weighted three months behind schedule, it aircraft for more than 25 years, this 2.286 lbs for these tests which was decided that if a test bed KR- would be the first one for Japan and detected some elevon vibration in 20 could be run efficiently for 2 they wanted hands on experience excess of 184 mph. This was minutes it would be installed in the before trying it with a rocket motor. resolved by reducing the wing- Shusui and flown on 22 April. The Two areas that required purposeful elevon gap and the length of the unit exploded during the two minute deviation from the German aircraft Frise balance. By March the Navy test run. Development was shuttled was in the nose, to accommodate had satisfactorily concluded its around to avoid the bombing raids. the larger Japanese radio suite and testing. The second 'heavy glider' Both the Navy and Army were the wing roots, to accommodate the had been sent to the Army who felt running separate tests, trading data larger Japanese cannon. This latter there was no need to hurry the in the effort to achieve a 2 minute deviation required a lengthened program. When it did finally begin in run. In mid-June the Navy had run a chord at the root by nearly 4" which August the aircraft separated from successful 4 minute test and the they then carried out to the wing tip the tow plane prematurely, and Army a 3 minute test. It was increasing the length of each wing crashed in a wooded area. decided to use the actual bench by 4". test motors for the actual flight and By late December 1944 the first one Ro.2 was taken to Natsushima The Navy Air Technical Arsenal pre-series Shusui was completed to be installed in the waiting J8M1 at Yokosuka was assigned to and delivered to the Navy with a airframe. create a full scale wooden glider dummy engine installed. Therein The first completed Shusui was version which would be designated was the problem. While Mitsubishi taken to a relatively small coastal MXY8 Akikusa (Autumn Grass). was able to adapt and modify the (Continued on page 7)

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Page 6 field at Yokoku close to the at the base of the tank. In a steep acting as the gas generator in a Natsushima facility to afford the climb the fuel couldn't reach the Campini style jet (Some sources pilot the safety of ditching into the outlet. Within days rocket motors quote 551 lbs/thrust). This unit was ocean rather than jeopardize a had exploded at both test centers, the power plant for the Okha-22 forced landing over land in the leaving only one completed rocket suicide weapon. event there were problems during motor. This unit had arrived at take off. By July 5 it was decided Kashiwa airfield, Chiba, and was Other versions under the rocket motors were tuned being installed in the second consideration included a J8M2 enough to try a flight in two days. completed Shusui when hostilities which eliminated one of the The J8M1 weighted 5,401 lbs with ended. cannons for additional space for 127.5 gals of Ko-liquid and 35 gals fuel. The Army which wasn't of Otsu-liquid. The test pilot, It had been one year, one pleased with the decision to Toyohiko Inuzuka fired the rocket month and a day since the plans duplicate the Me 163B as closely motor at 1655 on July 7, 1945. In and data for the Me 163B and HWK as possible only proposed installing 11-second and a run of only 350 509A rocket motor had been different cannon in their aircraft. But yards the Shusui smoothly lifted off, disembarked at Singapore to the as of 1 March, they had launched a and jettisoned the dolly from about end of the war. During this time the major redesign under the 30 feet. Everyone was excited with military and Mitsubishi had designation Ki-202 Shusui-Kai. This the success. After passing through completed four Shusui airframes, was to have been the Army's 1,000 feet the engine started six more nearly complete on the primary interceptor from 1946 on, shooting out puffs of dark smoke, assembly line, four production Ro.2 after cutting their teeth with the and quit. Inuzuka leveled off going motors had been completed with J8M1. through 1,500 feet, and began a another two nearly done and parts right turn, gliding back to the field. for 20 more manufactured. It had Two Shusui's were transported He jettisoned the Ko-liquid while been an amazing accomplishment. to the US for evaluations, one for making a series of turns to line up the Navy and one for the Army Air on the runway, but had lost too Production of the Akikusa had Force, at the end of the war but much speed. He pulled up into a been reassigned to Maeda who had were never flown. After evaluating stall to avert crashing into a house, completed 50-60 of them. It was theirs, the Navy put it on display at the right wing dropped hitting the being proposed to install water Glenview NAS. Fate of this aircraft roof and the aircraft cart-wheeled tanks in the Akikusa's to be able to is unknown. The Army aircraft was into the open ground just short of simulate the handling studied at Wright Field and then the airfield. Both wings were torn characteristics of a loaded Shusui declared surplus. After touring West off, and the forward fuselage for pilot training. The Navy was also Coast cities, it was put in storage in heavily damaged. Inuzuka died looking at producing the wooden 1947. It was eventually saved from from his injuries. It was the only Akikusa for combat dubbed Shuka destruction in 1950 by Ed Maloney flight of the J8M1. (Autumn Fire) and rather than the and is now part of the Air Museum Ro.2 rocket motor it would use the Planes of Fame Museum in Chino, The rocket engine had quit from Tsu.11 ducted jet engine of 441 Ibs/ California. fuel starvation. The Ko-liquid tank thrust. This comprised of a four was only half full and the outlet was cylinder 100 hp Hitashi engine ON THE TABLE JANUARY 2008 Name Model Scale Manufacturer Name Model Scale Manufacturer

Bernie Kugel Spad XIIIc 1/48 Aurora Steve Hustad Derelict Bf.109K Diorama 1/72 Finemolds Bernie Kugel F4U-1 Corsair 1/32 21st Century John Dunphy Bf.109K WIP 1/32 Hasegawa Bernie Kugel I-400 Submarine 1/700 Aoshima Rick Koehnen Northrop JB-10 1/72 12 Squared Bernie Kugel Type VII Sub 1/700 Hasegawa Rick Koehnen Dayton-Wright RB-1 1/72 12 Squared Jim Kloek IJN Nagato 1/700 Hi-Mold John Eian RF-84F 1/48 Heller Don Stauffer Pfalz D.III 1/48 Eduard Steve Erickson Mig-3 WIP 1/48 Trumpeter Don Stauffer Bell XFM-1 1/48 Rareplanes Hike Mishler 37 Ford 2-door 1/24 Monogram Mark Jacques Kugelblitz 1/35 DML Kyle Nelson German soldier 1/16 DML Tom Norrbohm Me-109F 1/144 Sweet Kyle Nelson Red Army Sherman 1/35 DML Tom Norrbohm P-51D 1/144 Platz Kyle Nelson IT-28 Bridge Layer 1/35 ICM Bob Maderich Ferrari F-1 car 1/20 Studio 27/ Tamiya Sean Brzozowski Tiger I 1/48 AFV Club Steve Jantscher T-43/76 STZ 1/35 DML-Cyberhobby Sean Brzozowski King Tiger 1/48 Tamiya John Bernier F4U-5N 1/48 Hasegawa Page 7 Directions to the Club Meeting Location Where: South St. Paul Municipal miles toward the Fleming Field Airport, a.k.a. Fleming Field, lo- airport terminal building. cated on the southern extremity of If coming from east Twin Cities on South St. Paul, south of I-494, west westbound 494: fo Concord Street and East of High- • Exit at the 7th and 5th Avenue way 52. exit (Exit No.65) • Turn left (South) on 7th Ave and If coming from the western Twin go approximately .6 miles to a 4- Cities going east on 494: way Stop sign. This is South • Exit at the 7th and 5th Avenue Street W. To your left front there exit (Exit No.65) will be a small strip mall; to your • Turn right (South) on 7th Ave and right there will be an Amoco sta- go approximately .6 miles to a 4- tion. way Stop sign. This is South • Turn left (East) at the 4-way Stop Street W. To your left there will onto be a McDonald‘s; to your right • South Street W and go approxi- front there will be a Walgreen‘s. mately .4 miles. Along the way • Turn left (East) at the 4-way Stop you will encounter two more onto Stop signs–the third Stop sign • South Street W and go approxi- (Henry Avenue) will be a —T“ in- mately .6 miles. Along the way tersection. At the —T“ intersection you will encounter three more on your left will be homes and on Stop signs–the third Stop sign your right softball fields. (Henry Avenue) will be a —T“ in- • Turn right (south) onto Henry tersection. At the —T“ intersection Ave. and go approximately .2 on your left will be homes and on miles toward the Fleming Field DRAW DECALS your right softball fields. airport terminal building. • Turn right (south) onto Henry The terminal is on the right with park- Ave. and go approximately .2 ing available.

Twin City Aero Historian Rick Schmierer 1852 E. 39 Street Minneapolis, MN 55407

Return address requested

The Aero Historian is published montly by the Twin City Aero Historians, Inc., a joint chapter of the American Aviation Historical Society and International Plastic Modelsers Society/USA, for members and readers as part of their annual dues or fees.

The group is open to aviation enthusiasts from teenagers on up who are interested in aviation modeling, photography, collecting, art and writing. For more information contact Ken Hornby at 651-552-0888

The Twin Cities Aero Historians (TCAH) meet the second Saturday of every month at 1:30pm.

See above for the new meeting locations and directions.

Mail Newsletter material and address changes to the treasurer.

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