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Nanny Town Excavations: Rewriting Jamaica's History? Portland State University PDXScholar Black Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations Black Studies 5-1993 Nanny Town Excavations: Rewriting Jamaica's History? E. Kofi Agorsah Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/black_studies_fac Part of the African Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Agorsah, E.K. (1993). Nanny Town excavations: Rewriting Jamaica's history? Jamaican Geographer: Newsletter of the Jamaican Geographical Society, 8. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Black Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. No.8 May 1993 Jamaican Geographer Newsletter of the Jamaican Geographical Society ISSN 1017-4753 Nanny Town excavations: Rewriting Jamaica's history? E.Kofi Agorsah Since January 1991, the site ofNanny Town the nature of the site as mapped during the The Stony and Peters Rivers and their has seen a series of reconnaissance and sur­ excavations in 1991 and 1992. The rectan­ tributaries dominate the drainage pattern of veys and two seasons of major excavations. gular stone structure believed to be a military the site while the Abraham Hill to the south sponsored mainl y by the University of the fortification built during the British-Maroon and Sugar Loaf to the northwest and north of West Indies, the Wenner-Gren Foundation for wars still remains the main feature at the site. the site dominate the topography of the site Anthropological Research, USA, the Jamaica A large block of stone is located nearby with and surrounding areas. Rocky and rugged, the Natural Heritage Trust, Jamaica Defence engraved amessage that the site was taken and Nanny Town site and adjoining areas are en­ Force. Arcbaelogical Society of Jamaica, and controlled for a brief period by a Captain gulfed in a thick. lush green vegetation. In the Chief and Council of Moore Town Brook. It appears to have been tampered with addition , the site commands warming SUD­ Maroons. Participants included graduate and by more recent visitors to the site. Another shine coming through the gap between undergraduate volunteers from various feature is a more recent stone slab, measuring Abraham Hill and the Sugar Loaf Hills. Universities in Canada, USA, and the Carib­ 27cm by 35cm with the engraving 'Bermuda The excavation was based on a three­ bean, Maroons from Moore Town, Windsor Regiment 1971' . metre grid which was imposed upon the 10 and Cooper's Hill, Portland, as well as staff feet grid used by the expedition'of 1973 (see and members of the University of the West WHAT'S IN A PLACE NAME? page 7). The J4 line which was the 13 of Ihe Indies. 1973 expedition was used as the datum line. Objectives Northwest comer of each square was used to The Portland Maroons resisted many at­ name the square. The excavation was con­ The main objectives of the study of maroon tacks before their stronghold of Nanny ducted according to natural levels, reaching communitie s are: to obtain archaelogical data Town was finally captured by the British only Level 2 in more than 80% of the area that can be used for the interpretation of the in 1734. TheBritish occupiedthe town until excavated. and Level 3 in a few areas, par­ socio-cultural patterns of the behaviour of the the signing of the Peace Treaty in 1739. ticularly in the eastern sections of the site Maroons; to determine the factors that con­ After the Treaty, it appears that the where much of the material that appears to tribute to the location and character of Maroon Windward Maroons abandoned Nanny predate the maroon period of settlement was settlements; and to obtain material for dating Town and established a new community at derived. and providing a chronological framework: for a place they called New Nanny Town. the orig ins and development of maroon known today as Moore Town. Finds heritage in Jamaica. The overall objective is The Windward Maroons were led by afor­ Provisional field inventory of finds indicates to iden tify the character and mechanism of the midable guerilla leader called Quao, who that approximately three thousand artifacts functional adaptation of Maroon societies in was the Maroon signatory on the Peace were recovered. More than 33% of this total Jamaica over time. Treaty with the English. But it is a testa­ consisted of fragments of green glass bottle, Excavation ment to Nanny's stature as a leader that followed by 10% and 15% of local ceramics both Nanny Town and New Nanny Town and metal objects respectively. An interesting The site of Nanny Town is strategically lo­ were named after her, and not after the feature of the finds is their variety . Analysis cated within the loop of the Stony River which warrior Quao. and drawing of the finds has already started marks it" southern and eastern boundaries (see The Rt Excellent Nanny, National Heroine and should be available soon . Figure 1, page 6). Blocking off the Stony of Jamaica. was African-born. ofAsante River and standing steeply against its northern Cultural Phases origin - modern Ghana, in west Africa. bank is the Abraham Hill. To the north and During her life, she was the military tac­ Nanny Town is recognised as having seen west of the site is Nanny Hill from which Ihe tician and spiritual leader ofthe Windward three cultural phases of occupation, the first Nanny Falls splashes down on to the level Maroons. and was reputedly a great which appears to pre-date Maroon presence in open grounds from which the spring flows magician with supernatural abilities. the area, with its mixture of local ceramics, onto the south-eastern bend of the Stony River Nanny was buried in new Nanny Town. stone artifacts as well as shell material. marking the boundary on that side of the site. Figure 1 indicates areas excavated so far and Continued on page 6 1-Jamaican Geographer (8), May 1993 Wait-a-bit BARBECUE IDLLSIDE AGRICULTURE The chemicals used are biodegradable over a FIELD TRIP seven day period. Urea is the best fertilizer. Another fund-raising barbecue was held on The second stop was at Troja, the Mango the lawns oftheSeniorCommon Room, UWI, Althea Johnson writes: The first field trip variety trial on Mr Edward Buchanan's farm. on December 5th 1992, and realised a much­ for 1993 was a visit to a number of the sub­ To reach this farm the group had to negotiate needed surplus of approximately $2,00 0 projects of the Hillside Agriculture Project a barbed wire fence and a downhill walk. The through ticket and bar sales. The attendance (RA.P.) on January 23rd. A group of25 sixth farm consists of a variety of fruit/food trees . was around 100, down on last year's 25th formers from four corporate area high schools ThemostimportanLeconomic trees were man­ Anniversary barbecue, but more tickets were and lOJGS members departedfrom the Geog­ goes (especially the Nelson, Hayden and Tom sold. raphy Department, UWI, at 8.30am, and Atkins varieties), and these were intereropped Doreen Prendergast and Winston Me­ joined the Hillside Agriculture Project with banana, citrus and cedar trees. Cullum acted as Masters of Ceremony, and (RA.P.) team at the Fanners' Training Centre Such mixed cropping practices are typical supervised the allocation and distribution of at Twickenham Park, Spanish Town, shortly of rural small farmers in Jamaica, to ensure the many spot prizes, donated by generous afterwards. The day' s activities were led by steady incomes, and to spread their risks. The sponsors. Prizes included three weekends-for­ Marlene Lewis (JGS member and UWI geog­ two at the Boscobel Beach Hotel, Sans Saud raphy graduate), and a team offourcolleagues Hotel and Spa, and Astra Country Inn. The from the Ministry of Agriculture. INTERCROPPING music, which was provided by Mr Gonzalez, The field trip entailed visits to four farms of the Jamaica Bauxite Institute, helped to located in north eastern St Catherine. The Mixed intercropping wash down the splendid fare of barbecued locations were either experimental farms or chicken, rice and peas, and salad. Growingtwo or morecropssimultaneously rehabilitation projects. The objective of the in thesamefield. Intercropcompetition may AU the members ofCouncil were involved H.A.P. is to preserve the watershed by ensur­ be duringall or part ofcrop growth in organising the barbecue, and other mem ­ ing that farmers utilize agronomic soil bers volunteered their help 100. However, the conservation techniques and proper farming Row intercropping Society is particularly indebted to a number of (cultural) practices. Growingtwo or morecropssimultaneously individuals for their unrelenting efforts; Larry The first halt was an unscheduled stop where one or more crops are planted in Neufville, this year as last year, co-ordinated where the group observed the Natural Bridge, rows the event; Balfour Spence and Angela Taylor ' the eighth wonder of the world'. This out­ Strip intercropping again spent many hours over the hot fire , standing landform is located along the Growingtwo or morecropssimultaneously cooking their deliciously-seasoned chicken; Riversdale main road . It is a natural bridge of in different strips. wide enough EO permu Janet Hyde, Claudia James and Donna and hard limestone rock across a narrow gorge Day-Dawn Simon prepared additional food independent cultivation, butnarrowenough formed by the Rio Doro. Other features of the for the crops to interactagronomically and fruit punch; Perez Cross organised the gorge were created from fluvial action and drinks bar; and David Miller was on duty at chemical weathering. Relay inlercropping , the entrance throughout the event.
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