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After the Treaties: a Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842
University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. University of Southampton Department of History After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 Michael Sivapragasam A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History June 2018 i ii UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Doctor of Philosophy After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 Michael Sivapragasam This study is built on an investigation of a large number of archival sources, but in particular the Journals and Votes of the House of the Assembly of Jamaica, drawn from resources in Britain and Jamaica. Using data drawn from these primary sources, I assess how the Maroons of Jamaica forged an identity for themselves in the century under slavery following the peace treaties of 1739 and 1740. -
We Make It Easier for You to Sell
We Make it Easier For You to Sell Travel Agent Reference Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM PAGE ITEM PAGE Accommodations .................. 11-18 Hotels & Facilities .................. 11-18 Air Service – Charter & Scheduled ....... 6-7 Houses of Worship ................... .19 Animals (entry of) ..................... .1 Jamaica Tourist Board Offices . .Back Cover Apartment Accommodations ........... .19 Kingston ............................ .3 Airports............................. .1 Land, History and the People ............ .2 Attractions........................ 20-21 Latitude & Longitude.................. .25 Banking............................. .1 Major Cities......................... 3-5 Car Rental Companies ................. .8 Map............................. 12-13 Charter Air Service ................... 6-7 Marriage, General Information .......... .19 Churches .......................... .19 Medical Facilities ..................... .1 Climate ............................. .1 Meet The People...................... .1 Clothing ............................ .1 Mileage Chart ....................... .25 Communications...................... .1 Montego Bay......................... .3 Computer Access Code ................ 6 Montego Bay Convention Center . .5 Credit Cards ......................... .1 Museums .......................... .24 Cruise Ships ......................... .7 National Symbols .................... .18 Currency............................ .1 Negril .............................. .5 Customs ............................ .1 Ocho -
Destination Jamaica
© Lonely Planet Publications 12 Destination Jamaica Despite its location almost smack in the center of the Caribbean Sea, the island of Jamaica doesn’t blend in easily with the rest of the Caribbean archipelago. To be sure, it boasts the same addictive sun rays, sugary sands and pampered resort-life as most of the other islands, but it is also set apart historically and culturally. Nowhere else in the Caribbean is the connection to Africa as keenly felt. FAST FACTS Kingston was the major nexus in the New World for the barbaric triangular Population: 2,780,200 trade that brought slaves from Africa and carried sugar and rum to Europe, Area: 10,992 sq km and the Maroons (runaways who took to the hills of Cockpit Country and the Blue Mountains) safeguarded many of the African traditions – and Length of coastline: introduced jerk seasoning to Jamaica’s singular cuisine. St Ann’s Bay’s 1022km Marcus Garvey founded the back-to-Africa movement of the 1910s and ’20s; GDP (per head): US$4600 Rastafarianism took up the call a decade later, and reggae furnished the beat Inflation: 5.8% in the 1960s and ’70s. Little wonder many Jamaicans claim a stronger affinity for Africa than for neighboring Caribbean islands. Unemployment: 11.3% And less wonder that today’s visitors will appreciate their trip to Jamaica Average annual rainfall: all the more if they embrace the island’s unique character. In addition to 78in the inherent ‘African-ness’ of its population, Jamaica boasts the world’s Number of orchid species best coffee, world-class reefs for diving, offbeat bush-medicine hiking tours, found only on the island: congenial fishing villages, pristine waterfalls, cosmopolitan cities, wetlands 73 (there are more than harboring endangered crocodiles and manatees, unforgettable sunsets – in 200 overall) short, enough variety to comprise many utterly distinct vacations. -
"Free Negroes" - the Development of Early English Jamaica and the Birth of Jamaican Maroon Consciousness, 1655-1670
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History 12-16-2015 "Free Negroes" - The Development of Early English Jamaica and the Birth of Jamaican Maroon Consciousness, 1655-1670 Patrick John Nichols Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Recommended Citation Nichols, Patrick John, ""Free Negroes" - The Development of Early English Jamaica and the Birth of Jamaican Maroon Consciousness, 1655-1670." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2015. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/100 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “FREE NEGROES” – THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY ENGLISH JAMAICA AND THE BIRTH OF JAMAICAN MAROON CONSCIOUSNESS, 1655-1670 by PATRICK JOHN NICHOLS Under the Direction of Harcourt Fuller, PhD ABSTRACT The English conquest of Jamaica in 1655 was a turning point in the history of Atlantic World colonialism. Conquest displaced the Spanish colony and its subjects, some of who fled into the mountainous interior of Jamaica and assumed lives in isolation. This project reconstructs the historical experiences of the “negro” populations of Spanish and English Jamaica, which included its “free black”, “mulattoes”, indigenous peoples, and others, and examines how English cosmopolitanism and distinct interactions laid the groundwork for and informed the syncretic identities and communities that emerged decades later. Upon the framework of English conquest within the West Indies, I explore the experiences of one such settlement alongside the early English colony of Jamaica to understand how a formal relationship materialized between the entities and how its course inflected the distinct socio-political identity and emergent political agency embodied by the Jamaican Maroons. -
The Effects of Urbanization on Natural Resources in Jamaica
Doneika Simms. The Effects of Urbanization on Natural Resources in Jamaica . 44th ISOCARP Congress 2008 THE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON NATURAL RESOURCES IN JAMAICA BACKGROUND OF STUDY AREA Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean, comprising of approximately 4,400 sq. miles or 10,991 square kilometers in area. Over two-thirds of the country’s land resources consist of a central range of hills and mountains, with the Blue Mountain Range being the most significant, ranging over 6000 ft. in height (GOJ, 1994; Clarke, 2006). This means that urban development in areas such as the capital city of Kingston and other principal towns such as Montego Bay and Ocho Rios is limited to the relatively small amount of flat lands most of which has a coastal location (see figure 1). Figure 1 Showing a Map of Jamaica and the Various Cities along the Coast Source: http://www.sangstersrealty.com/jamaica_map.htm Although a significant portion of the terrain is mountainous, in several places the coastal plain extends to form broad embayments. Among these, a dry embankment on the south side of the island known as the Liguanea Plain has been occupied by the city of Kingston. The built-up area of the city spreads over 50 sq. miles and comprises the parish of Kingston and the suburban section of St. Andrew. The city is located on the eastern side of the island which is sheltered from the north-east trade winds by the Blue Mountains, hence being ideal for the major seaport of the country- the Kingston Harbour (Clarke, 2006). -
Jamaican Beaches Introduction
Jamaican Beaches Introduction Visiting the beach is a traditional recreational activity for many Jamaicans. With an increasing population, there is a great demand for the use of beaches. However, many of the public beaches are of poor quality, lack proper facilities, and face the problem of fishermen encroaching. Over the years some of these natural resources are on the verge of destruction because of the inadvertent and/or direct intentions of organizations and individuals. One such threat to the preservation of beaches is pollution. To have healthy environmentally friendly beaches in our Island we must unite to prevent pollution. This display gives an overview of some beaches in Jamaica and existing threats. It also examines the Kingston Harbour and how we can protect these natural resources. Jamaica is blessed with many beautiful beaches in the different parishes; the most popular are located in Westmoreland (Negril), St. Ann, St. James, and St. Catherine (Portmore). Some of the more popular beaches in the parishes: Kingston and St. Andrew Harbour Head Gunboat Copacabana Ocean Lake St. Thomas Lyssons Rozelle South Haven Mezzgar’s Run Retreat Prospect Rocky Point Portland Innis Bay Long Bay Boston Winnifred Blue Hole Hope Bay St. Mary Rio Nuevo Rockmore Murdock St. Ann Roxborough Priory Salem Sailor’s Hole Cardiff Hall Discovery Bay Dunn’s River Beach Trelawny Rio Bueno Braco Silver Sands Flamingo Half Moon Bay St. James Greenwood RoseHall Coral Gardens Ironshore Doctor’s Cave Hanover Tryall Lance’s Bay Bull Bay Westmoreland Little Bay Whitehouse Fonthill Bluefield St. Catherine Port Henderson Hellshire Fort Clarence St. Elizabeth Galleon Hodges Fort Charles Calabash Bay Great Bay Manchester Calabash Bay Hudson Bay Canoe Valley Clarendon Barnswell Dale Jackson Bay The following is a brief summary of some of our beautiful beaches: Walter Fletcher Beach Before 1975 it was an open stretch of public beach in Montego Bay with no landscaping and privacy; it was visible from the main road. -
Section 118/119 Biodiversity and Tropical Forestry Assessment of the Usaid/Jamaica Bilateral and Caribbean Regional Programs
SECTION 118/119 BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY ASSESSMENT OF THE USAID/JAMAICA BILATERAL AND CARIBBEAN REGIONAL PROGRAMS BIOFOR IQC No. LAG-I-00-99-00014-00, Task Order #819 Prepared by: Thomas M. Catterson, Team Leader/Natural Resources Management Specialist Lloyd Gardner, Biodiversity Specialist Megan Huth, Natural Resources Management Specialist Submitted by: Chemonics International Inc. Submitted to: USAID/Jamaica-Caribbean Regional Program June 20, 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms i Executive Summary iv PART I - INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE 1 Introduction to the Assessment 1 Assessment Objectives 2 Methodology 2 PART II - USAID/JAMAICA BILATERAL PROGRAM 3 SECTION A PROGRAM CONTEXT 3 Background on the USAID/Jamaica Program 3 USAID/Jamaica’s Strategic Plan FY 2000-2005 3 Current Programming Efforts 4 Preserving Natural Assets and Enhancing Rural Livelihoods 4 The Jamaican Context for Natural Resources Management 5 SECTION B LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 7 Sector Policy and Legislation 7 Institutional Framework 8 Coordinating Mechanisms 12 Major Issues Regarding the Institutional Framework 13 SECTION C STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS 14 Types of Protected Areas 14 Present List of Protected Areas in Jamaica 14 Management Models of Protected Areas 15 Future Directions 16 New Areas Being Proposed 16 The Evolution of the Protected Area System in Jamaica 16 SECTION D STATUS AND PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES 17 Importance of Endemism 17 Extinct Species 17 Endangered and Threatened Species 17 Current Protection and Rehabilitation -
Rural Enterprise Development Initiative – Tourism Sector July 14, 2009
Jamaica Social Investment Fund Rural Enterprise Development Initiative – Tourism Sector July 14, 2009 Jamaica Social Investment Fund Rural Enterprise Development Initiative – Tourism Sector Rural Enterprise Development Initiative – Tourism Sector July 14, 2009 © PA Knowledge Limited 2009 PA Consulting Group 4601 N. Fairfax Drive Prepared by: Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22203 Tel: +1-571-227-9000 Fax: +1-571-227-9001 www.paconsulting.com Version: 1.0 Jamaica Social Investment Fund 7/14/09 FOREWORD This report is the compilation of deliverables under the Jamaica Social Investment Fund (JSIF) contract with PA Consulting Group (PA) to provide input in the design of the tourism sector elements of the Second National Community Development Project (NCDP2). Rural poverty is a major challenge for Jamaica, with the rural poverty rate twice the level of the urban areas. There is large potential for rural development, especially through closer linkages with the large and expanding tourism sector which offers numerous opportunities that are yet to be tapped. Improvements in productivity and competitiveness are key to realizing the potential synergies between tourism and small farmer agriculture. The objective of the proposed NCDP2 is to increase income and jobs in poor communities in targeted rural areas. Because of the focus on productive, income generating initiatives, the NCDP 2 project was named Rural Enterprise Development Initiative (REDI). The project l builds on the success of the community-based development approach utilized under NCDP1. The focus of income generation interventions will be supported by rural-based tourism development, agricultural technology improvements in small and medium farms, and the linkages between agriculture and tourism. -
We Make It Easier for You to Sell
We Make it Easier For You to Sell Travel Agent Reference Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM PAGE ITEM PAGE Accommodations .................. 11-18 Hotels & Facilities .................. 11-18 Air Service – Charter & Scheduled ....... 6-7 Houses of Worship ................... .19 Animals (entry of) ..................... .1 Jamaica Tourist Board Offices . .Back Cover Apartment Accommodations ........... .19 Kingston ............................ .3 Airports............................. .1 Land, History and the People ............ .2 Attractions........................ 20-21 Latitude & Longitude.................. .25 Banking............................. .1 Major Cities......................... 3-5 Car Rental Companies ................. .8 Map............................. 12-13 Charter Air Service ................... 6-7 Marriage, General Information .......... .19 Churches .......................... .19 Medical Facilities ..................... .1 Climate ............................. .1 Meet The People...................... .1 Clothing ............................ .1 Mileage Chart ....................... .25 Communications...................... .1 Montego Bay......................... .3 Computer Access Code ................ 6 Montego Bay Convention Center . .5 Credit Cards ......................... .1 Museums .......................... .24 Cruise Ships ......................... .7 National Symbols .................... .18 Currency............................ .1 Negril .............................. .5 Customs ............................ .1 Ocho -
Jamaica Tourist Everything You Need to Know for the Perfect Vacation Experience
JAMAICA TOURIST WWW.JAMAICATOURIST.NET EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR THE PERFECT VACATION EXPERIENCE ISSUE 14 - SPRING 2010 IN THIS ISSUE JOSS STONE SHINES AT 2010 JAMAICA JAZZ & BLUES FESTIVAL FANTASTIC GOLF EXPLORING JAMAICA THE ‘ONE LOVE’ PROJECT PALMYRA OWNERS TAKE OCCUPANCY OF LUXURY RESIDENCES CHULANI’S REMARKABLE JOURNEY TO JAMAICA HISTORIC TRAMWAYS OF KINGSTON THE GAP CAFÉ - JEWEL IN THE BLUE MOUNTAINS CUISINE FOR EVERY TASTE SHOPPING PAR EXELLENCE WHAT A GWAAN? OWN A TROPICAL HOME AT THE PALMYRA Look for the FREE GEMSTONE offer in the YOUR luxury shopping section! FREE ISSUE SEE ISLAND MAP INSIDE GROOVIN’ IN JAMAICA eople visit Jamaica for many reasons, one of which is the island’s many world-class music festivals that include Reggae Sumfest, Rebel Salute, Sting and perhaps the most popular, Jamaica Jazz & Blues Festival. From January 28 - 30, more than 20,000 Jazz and Blues aficionados flocked the lawns of the PTrelwany Multipurpose Stadium in Greenfield, for the 14th staging of the trendy event. Staged at the stadium for the first time this year, most skeptics were quickly won over by the ease of access and superior parking facilities of the venue, which comfortably hosted VIP tents, skyboxes, a craft market and a wide variety of food & beverage outlets. Combined with the world-class music line-up and masses of happy music lovers, the stadium formed a perfect venue. Visited by thousands of people at its former home Is This Love. Next, singer and songwriter Kenny ‘Babyface’ Edmonds entered the stage with a band dressed in at the iconic aqueduct of Rose Hall, the Jazz & Blues black tuxedos and paid homage to the ‘many beautiful women of Jamaica’ with classics like Every Time I Close Festival has seen outstanding performances by major My Eyes and My My My, Mama, Can We Talk For A Minute and I Wanna Rock With You Baby. -
Jamaica Ecoregional Planning Project Jamaica Freshwater Assessment
Jamaica Ecoregional Planning Project Jamaica Freshwater Assessment Essential areas and strategies for conserving Jamaica’s freshwater biodiversity. Kimberly John Freshwater Conservation Specialist The Nature Conservancy Jamaica Programme June 2006 i Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………..... i List of Maps ………………………………………………………………. ii List of Tables ………………………………………………………………. ii List of Figures ………………………………………………………………. iii List of Boxes ………………………………………………………………. iii Glossary ………………………………………………………………. iii Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………. v Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………… vi 1. Introduction and Overview …………………………………………………………..... 1 1.1 Planning Objectives……………………………………... 1 1.2 Planning Context………………………………………... 2 1.2.1 Biophysical context……………………………….. 2 1.2.2 Socio-economic context…………………………... 5 1.3 Planning team…………………………………………… 7 2. Technical Approach ………………………………………………………………….…. 9 2.1 Information Gathering…………………………………... 9 2.2 Freshwater Classification Framework…………………... 10 2.3 Freshwater conservation targets………………………… 13 2.4 Freshwater conservation goals………………………….. 15 2.5 Threats and Opportunities Assessment…………………. 16 2.6 Ecological Integrity Assessment……………………... 19 2.7 Protected Area Gap Assessment………………………… 22 2.8 Freshwater Conservation Portfolio development……….. 24 2.9 Freshwater Conservation Strategies development…….. 30 2.10 Data and Process gaps…………………………………. 31 3. Vision for freshwater biodive rsity conservation …………………………………...…. 33 3.1 Conservation Areas ………………………………….. -
MONTEGO Identified
Things To Know Before You Go JAMAICA DO’S: At the airport: Use authorised pick up points for rented cars, taxis and buses. Use authorised transportation services and representatives. Transportation providers licensed by the Jamaica Tourist Board (JTB) bear a JTB sticker on the wind- screen. If you rent a car: Use car rental companies licensed by the Jamaica Tourist Board. Get directions before leaving the airport and rely on your map during your journey. Lock your car doors. Go to a service station or other well-lit public place if, while driving at night, you become lost or require as- sistance. Check your vehicle before heading out on the road each day. If problems develop, stop at the nearest service station and call to advise your car rental company. They will be happy to assist you. On the road: Remember to drive on the left. Observe posted speed limits and traffic signs. Use your seat belts. Always use your horn when approaching a blind corner on our nar- row and winding country roads. Try to travel with a group at night. While shopping: Carry your wallet discreetly. Use credit cards or traveller’s cheques for major purchases, if possible. In your hotel: Store valuables in a safety deposit box. Report suspicious-looking persons or activity to the front desk per- sonnel. Always lock your doors securely. DONT’S: At the airport: Do not Pack valuables (cash, jewellery, etc.) in 6 1 0 2 your luggage. Leave baggage unattended. If you rent a car: Do not Leave your engine running unattended.