A HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS READER: THE POLITICS OF POLICY CHANGE IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES EDITED BY LUCY GILSON, MARSHA ORGILL AND ZUBIN CYRUS SHROFF A HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS READER: THE POLITICS OF POLICY CHANGE IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES EDITED BY LUCY GILSON, MARSHA ORGILL AND ZUBIN CYRUS SHROFF A health policy analysis reader: the politics of policy change in low- and middle-income countries/ Lucy Gilson, Marsha Orgill, Zubin Cyrus Shroff, editors ISBN 978-92-4-151451-4 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. 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Printed in France CONTENTS Preface .......................................................................................... 1 Foreword ...................................................................................... 2 Contributors ................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................ 4 Introduction .................................................................................... 5 Lucy Gilson Aims and structure of the Reader ................................................................................5 How to use the Reader ............................................................................................6 Resources ..........................................................................................................7 Part A. Health policy analysis: starting points Lucy Gilson, Irene Akua Agyepong and Jeremy Shiffman What is health policy analysis? ..................................................................................10 Why does health policy analysis matter? ....................................................................... 11 Overview: how do health policies emerge and unfold in low- and middle-income countries? .............. 12 The political economy of development: explaining policy change ............................................ 13 Policy studies and public administration ........................................................................ 15 Three concluding thoughts ...................................................................................... 21 Part B. Critical influences over health policy processes in low- and middle-income countries B1.Power in policy change ...................................................................... 31 Lucy Gilson and Jeremy Shiffman B2.National contexts ...........................................................................37 Lucy Gilson and Irene Akua Agyepong B3.Global health actors and national policy-making .......................................... 45 Jeremy Shiffman and Johanna Hanefeld Part C. Health policy processes in low- and middle-income countries C1.National experiences of health policy formulation and policy change ......................55 Lucy Gilson and Irene Akua Agyepong C2.Agenda-setting processes .................................................................. 61 Zubin Cyrus Shroff, Johanna Hanefeld and Jeremy Shiffman C3.Research, evidence and policy change ..................................................... 71 Lucy Gilson, Marsha Orgill and Zubin Cyrus Shroff C4.Policy implementation ...................................................................... 81 Marsha Orgill and Lucy Gilson Part D. Analytical and methodological papers D1.Using health policy analysis prospectively to influence policy change .....................95 Marsha Orgill and Lucy Gilson D2.Methodological issues in health policy analysis research .................................. 101 Lucy Gilson and Marsha Orgill A Health Policy Analysis Reader for LMICs - iii Part E. Papers included in the Reader Part A. Exemplar papers Reich, M. R. (1995). The politics of health sector reform in developing countries: three cases of pharmaceutical policy. Health policy, 32(1-3), 47-77 ......................................................... 108 Walt G, Gilson L (1994). Reforming the health sector in developing countries: the central role of policy analysis. Health Policy Plan. 9:353–70 ................................................................. 109 Part B. Exemplar papers B1 Dalglish S, Surkan P, Diarra A, Harouna A, Bennett S (2015). Power and pro-poor policies: the case of iCCM in Niger. Health Policy Plan. 30(Suppl 2):ii84-ii94 ................................................... 110 Gilson L, Schneider H, Orgill M (2014). Practice and power: a review and interpretive synthesis focused on the exercise of discretionary power in policy implementation by frontline providers and managers. Health Policy Plan. 29(Suppl 3):iii51-iii69 ...........................................................111 B2 Carbone G (2011). Democratic demands and social policies: the politics of health reform in Ghana. J Mod Afr Stud. 49(03):381-408 ................................................................................ 112 Olivier de Sardan JP (2011). The eight modes of local governance in West Africa. IDS Bull. 42(2):22-31 . 113 B3 Hawkins B, Holden C (2016). A corporate veto on health policy? Global constitutionalism and investor-state dispute settlement. J Health Polit Policy Law. 41(5):969-95 ................................. 114 Ogden J, Walt G, Lush L (2003). The politics of “branding” in policy transfer: the case of DOTS for tuberculosis control. Soc Sci Med. 57(1), 179-88 ............................................................... 115 Part C. Exemplar papers C1 Berlan D, Buse K, Shiffman J, Tanaka S (2014). The bit in the middle: a synthesis of global health literature on policy formulation and adoption. Health Policy Plan. 29(Suppl3):iii23-34 .................... 116 Shearer JC, Abelson J, Kouyate B, Lavis JN, Walt G (2016). Why do policies change? Institutions, interests, ideas and networks in three cases of policy reform. Health Policy Plan. 31(9):1200-11........... 117 C2 Shiffman J, Stanton C, Salazar AP (2004). The emergence of political priority for safe motherhood in Honduras. Health Policy Plan. 19(6):380-90 ................................................................ 118 Walt G, Gilson L (2014). Can frameworks inform knowledge about health policy processes? Reviewing health policy papers on agenda-setting and testing them against a specific priority-