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ANANALYSIS OF PERSONIFICATTION WORDSFOUND IN THE SONG LYRICS OF TAYLOR SWIFTALBUMS AND ITS APPLICATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
A THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Acquire Sarjaana Pendidikan Degree in English Education Program of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo
Yuliyah Prasastri 102120106
ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PURWOREJO 2014
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MOTTO
God never change people’s fate, only if they change themselves
(QS. Ar Ra’d:11)
Don’t be sad , Remember to Allah always
(Dr. ‘Aidh al Qarni)
Always love your mother because you will never get another
(The Researcher)
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
1. My beloved mother, Mrs Paikem. Your love and sacrifice means everything
to me. I love you so much.
2. My beloved parents, Mr. Kasimun andMrs. Kasimun who always give
support, prayer, and care. Thanks for your endless love and patience.
3. My beloved brother, Arif Budi Prasetyo. Your support makes it a lot easier.
4. My aunt, Paini who always give me endless prayer. Thank you so much.
5. All of English lecturers in English Department of Muhammadiyah University
of Purworejo. Thank you so much for your knowledge, dedication and
motivation during I studied at English Department.
6. My best friends. Thanks for giving me support and help. Thanks for still
being there.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title ...... i
Approval Sheet ...... ii
Ratification Sheet ...... iii
Statement ...... iv
Acknowledgement ...... v
Motto ...... vii
Dedication ...... viii
Table of Contents ...... ix
Abstract ...... xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1
A. Background of the Study ...... 1
B. Reason for Choosing the Topic ...... 3
C. Limitation of the Study ...... 3
D. Statement of the Problem ...... 4
E. Objective of the Study...... 4
F. Significance of the Study ...... 4
G. Organization of the Writing ...... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 7
A. Previous Study ...... 7
B. Song ...... 8
C. Figurative Language ...... 9
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D. Kind of Figurative Language ...... 17
1. Paradox ...... 11
2. Overstatement (Hyperbole) ...... 11
3. Understatement ...... 12
4. Irony ...... 12
5. Metaphor ...... 13
6. Metonymy ...... 14
7. Personifiction ...... 14
E. Personification ...... 15
F. Biography ...... 15
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...... 17
A. Research Design ...... 17
B. Object of the Research ...... 18
C. Data and Data Source ...... 19
D. Unit of Analysis ...... 19
E. Procedures of Collecting Data ...... 19
F. Procedures of Data Analysis ...... 20
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ...... 22
A. Research Finding ...... 22
1. Personification Words Found on the Song Lyrics of Taylor Swift Albums
...... 22
B. Discussion ...... 26
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1. The Analysis of Personification of Words Found on The Song Lyrics of
Taylor Swift Albums ...... 26
a. T/ A/ 15 ...... 26
b. T/ B/ 13 ...... 27
c. F/ A/ 6 ...... 27
d. F/ B/ 21 ...... 28
e. S/ A/ 39 ...... 28
f. S/ B/ 4 ...... 29
g. S/ B/ 7 ...... 30
h. S/ B/ 8 ...... 30
i. S/ B/ 18 ...... 31
j. S/ C/ 21 ...... 31
k. S/ D/ 26 ...... 32
l. S/ E/ 12 ...... 32
m. S/ E/ 38 ...... 33
n. S/ E/ 57 ...... 33
o. R/ A/ 33 ...... 34
p. R/ B/ 24 ...... 35
q. R/ C/ 4 ...... 35
r. R/ D/ 11 ...... 36
s. R/ D/ 17 ...... 36
2. The Meaning of Personification Words Found on the Song Lyrics of
Taylor Swift Albums ...... 37
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3. The Application of the Research Finding ...... 43
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 51
A. Conclusion ...... 51
B. Suggestion ...... 52
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
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ABSTRACT
Prasastri, Yuliyah. 2014. An Analysis of Personification Words Found in the Song Lyrics of Taylor Swift Albums and Its Application in English Language Teaching. Teacher Training and Educational Sciences Faculty. Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. Consultant Ismawati Ike N., S.S., M. Hum,Semi Sukarni, M.Pd.
The study is aimed to find personification words, to analyze the meaning of personification of words, and to explain the application of personification words found in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums. The result of the research is expected to enrich English vocabulary in English Language Teaching.
The research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative and by taking song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums as subject of the research. The data was collected by reading the song lyrics, trying to comprehend the content of every single song lyric, detecting the song lyrics that includes personification words, and identifying and coding the personification words discovered in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums. This thesis also uses printed material, such as books and dictionaries to support the analysis to collect data and information that are relevant to the topic of discussion. The data that are collected from internet is also considered to complete or to compare with the other data, so that the analysis will be more accurate. It is used to analyze all materials that have close relation to the discussion of the thesis.
The result of the research shows some points, as follows: In finding nineteen personification words in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums, finding the meaning of personification words found on the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums. Personification words that discovered on the song lyrics of Taylor Swift album have different meaning. Personification words discovered on the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums discuss about unhappiness, pain, upset, situation, motion, give up, mind, and disfavour. Analyzing personification words found on the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums can be applied in listening of teaching to XII grade of Senior High School.
Keywords: English Language Teaching, Taylor Swift albums, Song Lyrics Personification Words
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
The researcher divides this chapter into background of the study, reasons for choosing the topic, limitation of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study and organization of the writing.
A. Background of the Study
Language is a necessity of social life. They can socialize or communicate
with others with language to gain connections between them and to show their
message, feeling, minds on objects in life.
In a communication, not only using literal language some text is conveyed
obviously but also using figurative language is conveyed flatly. Literal language
show to terms that are not stray from the true sense. Figurative language show to
terms that change or over their common sense. It is the structure of terms that
cannot be assumed verbatim.
Language can be more catchy by using figurative language because it has
goal to equalize anything with other so as to establish the obvious idea. Figurative
language has lots of design: irony, paradox, hyperbole, allegory, metaphor,
metonymy, and personification.The next is the sample of figurative language:The
flowers danced in the weeds. The sample is put in figurative language because it
includes a human nature, that is provided to a defunct thing, the flowers.
Society employ many media to express or deliver their language in the aim
of delivering all of their thinking. That is employing humanities or literature.
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Some society assume that humanities is only an enjoyment. This thinking is not totally correct because humanities or literarature can provide society of learning, for sample about language, civilization and faith.
“literature means representative of intellect, which is progressive, government is representative of order, which is stationary.” (Buckle, 2013: 7)
On the contrary, when we talk about song, society will find handily extracted in. Song can handly withdraw the hearer because its not only has terms but also has rhyme and descant. Yet, to know the sense of the song, we have to comprehend the sense of its lyrics. But, simply like rhymes, not all the lyrics are handy to comprehend, particularly if the lyrics include lots of figurative language.
But, figurative language can be a little bit mysterious. The writer have their own figurative language, which are distinct from others. That’s why, somewhile it is difficult to analyse figurative language absolutely same with the writer would like to deliver.
The capability to aware figurative language is necessary for the audience.
It is also necessary for them to conceive the sense of figurative language to understand the song lyrics. They might not conceive what the vocalist is absolutely vocalize when they have trouble in perform. These two elements, identifying and comprehending the figurative language are necessary when they would like to absolutelly understand the sense where figurative language stares.
Song lyrics can empower the music existence. Song lyrics are created in stanza and commonly have a nice nouse and verse. According to the explanning, song lyrics are appropiately belong to literature, because they are like poetry lyrics relatively. It is one of rhymes that are not only recited but also escorted by
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instrument of musical. Song lyrics can discover the feeling of sense, since they are
belong to short poems.We will discover the sense of song lyrics by figurative
language.
From the researcher’s analysis, the lyrics of Taylor Swift’s songs contain
personification words. The creater use personification words to make lyrics seems
attractive. Furthermore, they use personification will make the lover enjoy the
music itself.
B. Reasons for Choosing the Topic
Inthelyrics of song, we can discover figurative language. However, not
whole of lyrics are easy to conceived, particularly if the lyrics have many
figurative language which is not easy to discovered.
According to the words above, the researcher interested to learn the
figurative language. The researcher learn one of figurative language, in this
analysis is personification words. Furthermore, from this analysis, we can expand
our skillsuch as vocabulary and the research is expected to enrich English
vocabulary in English Language Teaching.
C. Limitation of the Study
It is out of question for the researcher to overcome the whole of cases
because this analysis has a broad scope. That’s why, the cases that researcher
would like to divide in this analysis are:
1. The object of the analysis are lyrics of song on the Taylor Swift albums.
2. The analysis focuses on the use of personification words found in the song
lyrics of Taylor Swift albums.
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3. The researcher applies descriptive analysis to analyze the use of personification
words found in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums.
D. Statement of the Problem
There are problem that the researcher will discuss in this analysis. They
are:
1. What are personification words found in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift
albums?
2. What are the meaning of personification words found in the song lyrics of
Taylor Swift albums?
3. How to apply personification words found in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift
albums in English Language Teaching?
E. The Objective of the Study
There are the objective of the study that the researcher will analyze. They
are:
1. To find personification words found on the song lyrics of Taylor Swiftalbums.
2. To find the meaning of personification words found in the song lyrics of
Taylor Swiftalbums.
3. To apply personification words found in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift
albums in English Language Teaching.
F. Significance of the Study
This analysis is hoped to extend some usefulness to the readers,
particularly music devotee who curious to conceiving the song lyrics, and other
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researchers who want to use this analysis as bibliographical for the more research
on figurative language.
G. Organization of the Writting
In order to extend obvious description about the analysis to the readers,
this analysis extend a systematic organization such as:
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of background of the study, reasons for choosing the
topic, limitation of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study and
organization of the writing.
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter the researcher talks about previous study, song, figurative
language, kinds of figurative language, personification and biography.
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher provides the method dividedinto four parts.
They are research design, object of research, data and data source, unit of analysis,
procedures of collecting data, and procedures of data analysis.
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of the data analysis, discussion, which provide
personification words and its sense found on the lyrics of song Taylor Swift
albums and the application of the research in English Language Teaching.
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CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter is the end part of this analysis that closing some conclusion and suggestion.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The researcher presents this chapter into previous study, song, figurative language, kinds offigurative language, personification and biography.
A. Previous Study
Here, the researcher reviews 2 previous studies which are related to this
study as follows:
The first is An Analysis of Figurative Language on the Cold Play’s Song
in Album “X & Y”by Arif Fatoni, year 2008, from Jember University. The
problem of this study deals with the Coldplay’s song from the album X&Y and their
beautiful lyrics that also contain for message are interesting to be analyzed. From
those explanations above they are two points of problems to be discussed in this
thesis; they are the understanding of Coldplay’s songs through an analysis of
figurative language and the types of figurative language in Coldplay’s songs in album
x & y. This thesis uses library research to collect data and information that are
relevant to the topic of discussion. The data are taken from printed material, such
as books to support the analysis.
The second is Personification of a Cat Robot Design for Early Treatment
of Children with Developmental Disorders by Keum Hi Mun, from Semyung
University. She concludesthat personification is applied not only a field of robot
products, but also several field of video, animation, etc. The main purpose of it is
that man accepts the object as more friendly, and its character is more easily
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transferred through movement, sound, etc. Personification is one conception of
Synectics. Direct Analogy, Personal Analogy, Symbolic Analogy, Fantasy
Analogy, etc., are examples of synectics. Synectics, developed by W. Gorden, is a
method to searching new one by combining things, which appear to have no
connection with each other. But personification could be found as a technique in
our classical literature, so its origin appears not new.
From the preview studies above, the researcher discovered the similarity
and differences between them. The similarityofthe researcher’s analysis
amongthe first and preview study, An Analysis of Figurative Language on the
Cold Play’s Song in Album “X & Y”, we analyze the use of figurative language in
the song lyrics. On the contrary, the differences among us that the researcher
analyzes in the Taylor Swift’s albums, and in the first preview study in the Cold
Play’s Song in Album “X & Y”. Then, the similarity of the researcher’s study
with the second preview study, we study the use of personification. Then, the
differences are, Keum Hi Mun, from SemyungUniversitystudy about
personification of a cat robot design for early treatment of children with
developmental disorders. And the researcher’s analysis study aboutpersonification
words found in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums in English Language
Teaching.
B. Song
Everybody likes song. Song is played nearly in our days who didn’t
recognized have gotten a piece for us. Song is a way to show our senses.
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Song is a composition for voice or voices, performed by singing or
alongside musical instruments. The words of songs are typically of a poetic,
rhyming nature, although they may be religious verses or free prose (http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/song).
Song are specifically for a solo singer, though there may also be duet, trio, or
more voices or it is called Choir.Songs can be widely divided into many different
forms, depending on the criteria used. One division is between “art songs”, “popular
music songs”, and folk songs”.(http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/song)
Song consist of three types: Art Songs, Folk Songs, and Popular Songs.
Art songs are songs created for perfomance, or for the aims of a European upper
class, commonly wih piano offbeat, eventhough they can also have another kinds
of offbeat such as an orchestra or string quartet, and are always notated.
Commonly they have an identified composer(s) and require sound training for
acceptable exhibition. The lyrics are often written by a lyricist and the music
partly by an author.(http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/song)
From the definitions above, the researcher deduce that song is way to
show our senses and thinkings, and it has the parts (melody, harmony, rhythm)
including musical offbeat as espousing parts.
C. Figurative Language
Language is used on figurative and literal form in communication. Words
used by literal language which mean precisely what the word say, basic meaning.
When literal language is used by somebody, he or she is unpretentiously saying
the real as they are. On the contrary, an imagination uses figurative language to
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create words. When somebody states that he or she can eat a hundred meats in one
minute, he or she does not mean that he or she in real can eat it, but he is starving.
A figurative language is as an explicature that involves treating one or more
words as if they had meanings different from their literal ones (Griffiths, 2006:
81). The reason why a particular figurative language is chosen as better than other
interpretation is somehow deviant (untrue, too obvious, or empty of content, for
instance) or additionally the context may be one that favours figurative usage.
Figurative laguage is language that can not be taken literally or should not
be taken literally only (Perrine, 1992: 61). Broadly defined, a figurative language
is any way of saying something other than the ordinary way, and some rhetoricans
have classified as many as 250 separate figures. But, for purposes, a figurative
language is more narrowly definable as way of saying one thing and meaning
another, and need to be concerned with no more than a dozen.
From the explanation above the researcher deduce that figurative language
is the use of language that convey and create peculiar thing to say and produce a
greater influence for the readers.
D. Kinds of Figurative Language
Figurative Languagecan be categorized in many types (Perrine, 1992:
100). Some example of areparadox, hyperbole (overstatement), understatement,
irony, metaphor, metonymy, and personification.
1. Paradox
Paradox is a clear contradiction that is nevertheless somehow true
(Perrine, 1992: 100). It may be either a situation or a statement. In a paradox
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statement the contradiction typically stems from one of the words being used
figuratively or in more than one definition.
My life closed twice before its close;
It yet remains to see
If immortality unveil
A third event to me,
So huge, so hopeless to conceive,
As these that twice befell.
Parting is all we know of heaven,
And all we need of hell.
The value from above is shock moral. Its seeming impossibility startles the
reader into attention and by the fact on its clear absurdity, emphasize the truth
of what is being said.
2. Overstatement (hyperbole)
Overstatement or hyperbole is simply elaboration, but elaboration in the
service of truth (Perrine, 1992: 101). It is not the same as a fish story. Like all
figures of speech, overstatement may be used with a variety of effects. It may
be humorous or grave, fanciful or restraained, convincing or unconvincing.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence,
I scarcely aware of the overstatement above, so quietly is the assertion
made. Unskillfully used, but, overstatement may seem strained and absurd
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3. Understatement
Understatetment is saying less than one means, may exist in what one says
or merely in how one says it (Perrine, 1992: 102). Understatement is the
opposite of overtatemnt. If, for illustration, upon sitting down to a loaded
dinner plate, you say, “This looks like a nice snack”. He or she actually stating
less than the truth.
4. Irony
According to Perrine (1992: 378) irony is a situation or a use of language,
involving some kind of incongruity or discrepancy.Irony is saying the opposite
of what one means, is often confused with sarcasm and with satire, and for that
reason it may be well to look at meanings of all three terms. Verbal irony runs
the danger of being misunderstood. With irony the risks are perhaps greater
than with other figures.
No matter how broad or clear the irony, there will always be in any large
audience, number who will misunderstand. Irony is most delightful and most
effective when it is subtlest. If irony is too obvious, it sometimes seems merely
crude. But if it effectivelly used, is capable of adding extra dimensions to
meaning.
My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips’ rd.
If snow be white, why then he breasts are dun;
...
and yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
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as any she belied with false compare.
Example from above shows both the echoing and the dissociation that are
the key components in Wilson and Sperber’s definition of irony. We could pay
poets to compose sonnets of extravagant praise for a lover: eyes like the sun,
coral lips, snow-white décolletage, perfume for breathe and so on.
5. Metaphor
According to Nolan (2009: 70) Metaphor is figure of speech in which a
word of phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of
another to suggest a likeness between them. For example:
a. The whole world is a stage
This senteence intimates that one thing, the whole world, had some of the
attribute of another thing, a stage.
b. Her home is jail
This sentence intimates that one thing, Her home, had some of the attribute
of another thing, a jail.
c. He has a heart of pebble
This sentence intimates that one thing, He, had some of the attribute of
another thing, pebble.
Some peoplee feel hard to distinguish simile and metaphor. The foremost
difference between metaphor and simile is that the differentiation in simile is
always indirect. Actuality, we need to employ words such as, as, like, and than.
On the contrary, it would be intimating that something is something else.
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6. Metonymy
According to Nolan (2009: 72) Metonymics use of the name of one thing
for that of another of which it is an attribute or with which it is associated,
Metonymy define it in terms of a person or object being referred to using as the
vehicle a word whose literal deno- tation is somehow pertinently related.for
example:
a. lands of the crown
This sentence shows that crown is used to stand in for royal lands.
b. When you’re working with bling-blings, you’ve must wear bling- blings.
This sentence shows that bling-blings is used to stand in for a vehicle of
workers.
7. Personification
Personification involves in giving the attributes of a human being to an
animal, an object, or a concept(Perrine, 1992: 64). For example:
a. The cat smiled to me at the train
This sentence behaves a cat like human who is able to smile to another
human.
b. The dwellings seem asleep
This sentence behaves dwellings like human who is able to seem asleep.
c. The heavenly body sway playfully in the moon sky
This sentence behaves heavenly body like human who is able to sway
playfully in moon sky.
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E. Personification
In this analysis the researcher aims on the personification words. The
researcher decides on one type of figure of speech above because that type is often
applied in the song lyrics of Taylor Swiftalbums. Personification involves in
giving the attributes of a human being to a beast, an object, or a concept. It means
that all objects carry out something like human being.
Personification isthe attribution of human traits to an inanimate object,
abstract idea or impersonal being which is used with action verbs most commonly
employed to describe the action of a person. It can be given a voice and be casual,
general or representative (Dodson, 2008: 40).
From the denotation above, it can be deduced thaat personification words
is a figurative language that gives the human characteristic (values, senses,
behaviour or traits) to an inanimate or abstract thing.
F. Biography
Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989, is an American
singer and songwriter.Raised in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to
Nashville, Tennessee at 14 to pursue a career in country music. She signed with
the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest songwriter
ever hired by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. The release of Swift first
album in 2006, Taylor Swift,established her as a country music star. She has 11
singles, consist ofTim McGraw, Picture To Burn, Teardrops on My Guitar, A
Place In This World, Cold As You, The Outside, Tied Together With A Smile , Stay
Beautiful, Should've Said No, Mary's Song (Oh My MyMy), Our Song.The single
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Our Songmade her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.
Swift's second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. In this album consist of 8 singles, they are: Love Story, White Horse, Change, You're Not
Sorry, You Belong with Me, Fifteen, Fearless, and Breathe.Fearless became the best-selling album of 2009 in the US. The album won four Grammy Awards, with
Swift becoming the youngest ever Album of the Year winner. And Swift's third album, 2010's Speak Now, consist ofMine, Sparks Fly, Back to December, Dear
John, Mean, The Story of Us, Never Grow Up, Enchanted, Better than Revenge,
Innocent, Speak Now, Haunted, Last Kiss, and Long Live. The single Mean, won two Grammy Awards. Additionally Taylor released fourth the studio album,
Red, was released 2012. There are 16 singles consist of We Are Never Ever
Getting Back Together, Begin Again, Red, I Knew You Were Trouble, State of
Grace, Holy Ground, Stay StayStay, 22, Treacherous, All Too Well, I Almost Do,
The Last Time, Sad Beautiful Tragic, The Lucky One, Everything Has Changed, andStarlight. The singles We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together and I Knew
You Were Troublewere worldwide hits.
Swift is known for narrative songs about her personal experiences. In addition to her as a philanthropist, Swift supports arts education, children's literacy, natural disaster relief, LGBT anti-discrimination efforts, and charities for sick children.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research method is required to help the researcher to obtain the result of the analysis. Research method handles with the proceses the analysis were managed which is actually obliging the resercher in clearing up the difficulty. As well as, the important topic being worked will be transparent and uncomplicated to comprehend if a ssufficient method were used.
In this chapter, the researcher will describe the method that the researcher applies in this study. There were: research design, object of research, data and data source, unit of analysis, and procedures of collecting data analysis.
A. Research Design
In this part, the researcher would like to describe about the research kind
that he applies. As specified by Sugiyono (2010: 21-22), there are two kinds of
research, there are qualitative and quantitative research.
1. Qualitative Research
As quoted by Sugiyono (2010: 21-22), Bogdan and Biklen revealed that
characteristic of qualitative research such as:
a. Qualitative research has the natural setting the direct source of data and
researcher is the key istrument.
b. Qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected is in the form of
words or pictures rather than number.
c. Qualitative research are concerned with process rather than simply with
outcomes or products.
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d. Qualitative research tend to analyze their data inductively.
e. Meaning is of essential to the qualitative approach.
2. Quantitative Research
As quoted by Sugiyono (2010: 22), Erickson states the characteristics of
quantitative research are such as:
a. Intensive, long term participation is field setting.
b. Careful recording of what happens and interview note by collecting other
kinds of documentary evidence.
c. Analytic reflection on the documentary records obtained in the field.
d. Reporting the result by means of detailed description, direct quotes from
interview, and interpretative commentary.
Derive from the clarification above, this research is descriptive
qualitative. The researcher applies descriptive qualitative type to run the study
because the researcher purposes to explain the sense of every single
personification words found on the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums.
B. Object of Research
Object of research here implies the object which researcher undertakes to
question. This is a qualitative research then, it is dissimilar from quantitative one.
Qualitative research does not apply population because it begins from a precise
case in precise community situation and the conclusion of data analysis will not
be publicied to population but will be conveyed to other sites in the identical
community as the discerned case (Sugiyono, 2010: 19-20). The object of this
research is the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums.
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C. Data and Data Source
Data is certainty or truth, mainly when questioned and applied to
discover objects or to reach conclusion. Data is very main to discover and answer
the difficulty in the research. Data is required by researcher because the data is
solution required in research. In this research, the researcher cites the data from
song lyrics on the Taylor Swift albums.
D. Unit of Analysis
This research studies the meaning of the sentences that are included in the
personification words found in the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums.
E. Procedures of Collecting Data
As specified by Arikunto (2010: 274), one of technique in collecting data
is using documentation technique. Documentation technique is technique that
discovers the data about objects such as, report, records, transcript, book, daily
paper, tabloid, etc. In this analysis, the researcher applies transcript of the song
lyrics of Taylor Swift albums.
There are two kinds of the data source in this analysis. They are primary
source and secondary sourc. (Sugiyono, 2010: 308)
1. Primary Source
Primary souce is source from which the foremost data of the examining
were cited. They are cited from the objects of the analysis that are song lyrics
on the Taylor Swift albums.
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2. Secondary Source
Secondary source is source from which the recommending data were
cited. It contains biography of the Taylor Swift. Those data were cited from
books and websites.
In obtaining the data, the researcher cites various ways are as follows:
1. Reading the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums continually.
2. Trying to comprehend the content of every single song lyric.
3. Detecting the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums that includes
personification words
4. Identifying and coding the personification words discovered on the song
lyrics of Taylor Swift albums.
T : Taylor Swift
F : Fearless
S : Speak Now
R : Red
A-E : The number of song titles
1-50 : The number of line on the song lyrics
5. Collecting all song lyrics that involves personification words.
F. Procedures of Data Analysis
Sugiyono (2010: 335) explains that data analysis is disapproving to the
qualitative research method. It contains a step of thoughtful. It deal with the
structured study of something to decide its part, the correlation among parts, and
the relation to every part. Study is a look for examples.
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In the wake of researcher carried out accumulating the data, he studied the supplied data. According to Sugiyono (2010: 337), Miles and Huberman asserted that the stages in studying qualitative data are data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification.
1. Data Reduction
In this stage, the researcher is choosing the song lyrics from Taylor Swift
albums that are including personification words.
2. Data Display
In this stage, the researcher is studying the data to discover the sense of
every single personification words on the song lyrics.
3. Conclusion Drawing
In this stage, the researcher deduces resolution derive from the studied
data to finalize this analysis.
22
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
As revealed in the previous chapter, the researcher takes desciptive
research method in gaining and studying the data. The researcher acquired the
data from Taylor Swift albums: Taylor Swift, Fearless, Speak Now, Red. The
researcher exclusively studies lyrics that contain personification words.
This chapter classified into four parts. The first is personification words
found on the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums. The second part is the studies
of personification words found on the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums. The
third is the meaning of personification words found on the song lyrics of
Taylor Swift albums. The finale one is an applicationofpersonification words
found on the song lyrics of Taylor Swiftalbums in English Language Teaching.
In studying the meaning of personification words, the researcher takes New
Oxford American Dictionary By Angus Stevenson and Christine A Lindberg
(2010) as reference.
A. Research Finding
1. Personification Words Found in the Song Lyrics of Taylor Swift
Albums
In this stage, the researcher is choosing the song lyrics from Taylor
Swift albums that are involving personification words.
The researcher has discovered entire nineteen lyrics that involve
personification words on the Taylor Swift albums. The researcher
discovered two personification words on the Taylor Swift album, two
22
23
personification words on theFearless album, ten personification words on
the Speak Now album and five personification words on the Red album.
It is displayed in the table 1.
Table 1
Personification Words Found in the Song Lyrics of Taylor Swift Albums
Lyrics that
contain No Albums Titles Code personification
words
1 Taylor Swift Stay I hope your T/ A/ 15
Beautiful love will lead
you back to my
door
2 Our Song Our song is the T/ B/ 13
way you laugh
3 Fearless White Horse Holding on the F/ A/ 6
days drag on
4 Change In your eyes F/ B/ 21
says we can
beat this
5 Speak Now Dear John But I took your S/ A/ 39
matches before
fire catch me
24
6 Enchanted Walls of S/ B/ 4
insincerity
shifting eyes
and vacancy
7 Your eyes S/ B/ 7
whispered,
“Have we
met”?
8 Across the S/ B/ 8
room, your
silhouette starts
to make its way
to me
9 The lingering S/ B/ 18
question kept
me up
10 Innocent Before the S/ C/ 21
monster caught
up to you?
11 Haunted Something S/ D/ 26
keeps me
holding on to
nothing
25
12 Long Live Long live the S/ E/ 12
walls we
crashed
through
13 Hold on to S/ E/ 38
spinning
around
14 Singing long S/ E/ 57
live all the
mountain we
moved
15 Red Red Cause love was R/ A/ 33
like driving a
new Maserati
down a dead
end street
16 Stay staystay All those times R/ B/ 24
that you did not
leave its been
occurring to me
17 The last time All roads, they R/ C/ 4
lead me here
26
18 Everything And your eyes R/ D/ 11
has changed look like
coming home
19 And all my R/ D/ 17
walls stood
painted blue
B. Discussion
1. The Analysis of Personification Words Found in The Song Lyrics of
Taylor Swift Albums
a. T/ A/ 15
The first personification word is found on the Taylor Swift album
entitled Stay Beautiful on the line 15, as revealed;
And when you find everything you looked for
I hope your love will lead you back to my door
The word lead meansto go with someone by holding them by
the hand while moving forward. It is a human being characteristic
because human can lead someone. In actual fact, love can not lead
anything. Later, it is a personification word because lead is human
characteristic that is conveyed to an abstract thing, love. This song
lyrics expresses the creator wish someone come back because
someonehas disappeared.
27
b. T/ B/ 13
The second personification word is found on the Taylor Swift
album entitled Our Song on the line 13, as revealed;
Our song is the way you laugh
The word laugh means to make the spontaneous sounds and
movements of the face and body that are the instinctive expressions of
lively amusement and sometimes also of contempt or derision. It is a
human characteristic because human can laugh. In actual fact, song can
not laugh. Later, it is a personification word because laugh is human
characteristic that is conveyed to an abstract thing, song. This song
lyrics expresses the creator feels glad because of a thing, which as if
laugh of someone, song.
c. F/ A/ 6
The third personification word is discovered on the Fearless
album entitled White Horseon the line 6, as revealed;
As I paced back and forth all this time
Cause I honestly believed in you
Holding on the days drag on
Stupid girl, I should've known
The word holding on means to wait/ stop/ endure or keep going in
difficult condition. It is a human characteristic because human can
hold on with someone. In the actual fact, human can not be hold on by
the days. Later, it is a personification word because holding on is
28
human characteristic that is conveyed to an abstract thing, the days
drag on. This song lyric expresses that the creator express a strong
desire or hope wait for something.
d. F/ B/ 21
The fourth personification word is discovered on
theFearlessalbum entitled Change on the line 21, as revealed;
We've got the ways
That we can beat this
There's something
In your eyes says we can beat this
The wordsays means to utter words so as to convey information,
an opinion, a feeling or intention, or an instruction. It is a human
characteristic because human can say a word, information, an opinion,
a feeling or intention, or an instruction. In the actual fact, human can
not be said by eyes. Later, it is a personification word because says is
human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing, eyes. This
song lyrics expresses that the creator has no doubt that the possibility
of something is right.
e. S/ A/ 39
The fifth personification word is discovered on the Speak Now
album entitled Dear John on the line 39, as revealed;
But I took your matches before fire catch me So don't look now I'm shining like fireworks over your sad empty town
29
The word catch means to intercept and hold something that has
been thrown, propelled, or dropped. It is a human characteristic
because human can catch something. In the actual fact, human can
not be caught by fire. Later, it is a personification word because catch
is a human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing,
fire.This song lyric expresses that the creator bring a response
expressing a feeling anger.
f. S/ B/ 4
The sixth personification word is discovered on the Speak
Now album entitled Enchanted on the line4, as revealed;
Walls of insincerity
Shifting eyes and vacancy
Vanished when I saw your face
All I can say is
It was enchanting to meet you
The word shiftingmeans to change the position of one's body,
because one is nervous or uncomfortable. It is a human
characteristic because human can shifting a position of one’s body.
In the actual fact, walls of insincerity can not shifting. Later, it is
personification word because shifting is a human characteristic that
is conveyed to an inanimate thing, walls of insincerity. This song
lyric expresses that the creator does not want to express genuine
30
feelings but wants to deliver that walls of insincerity change in
moving eyes and vacancy.
g. S/ B/ 7
The seventh personification word is discovered on the
Speak Now album entitled Enchanted on the line 9, as revealed;
Your eyes whispered, “Have we met”?
The word whispered means to speak very softly using one's
breath without one's vocal cords, for example for the sake of
privacy. It is a human characteristic because human can whisper
words to someone. In the actual fact, eyes can not whisper words.
Later, it is a personification word because whisper is a human
characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing, eyes. This
song lyric expresses that the creator perceive in someone’s eyes as
though saying something.
h. S/ B/ 8
The eighth personification word is found on the Speak Now
album entitled Enchanted on the line 10, as revealed;
Across the room, your silhouette starts to make its way to me
The word starts to make its way means to go in a specified
direction or manner; change position. It is a human characteristic
because human can starts to make a way position. In the actual fact,
silhouette can not start to make a position. Later, it is a
personification word because start to make a way is a human
31
characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing, silhouette.
This song lyric expresses that the creator feels the silhouette walk
to him/her through the room.
i. S/ B/ 18
The ninth personification word is found on the Speak Now
album entitled Enchanted on the line 22, as revealed;
The lingering question kept me up
2 am, who do you love?
The word kept up(past and past participle of keep)means
toprevent someone from going to bed or to sleep. It is a human
characteristic because human can kept up someone. In the actual
fact, the lingering question can not keep up someone. Later, it is a
personification word because keep up is a human characteristic that
is conveyed to an inanimate thing, the lingering question. This
song lyric expresses that the creator feelsworry because a question
about love appear suddenly when he/she take a nap in a night.
j. S/ C/ 21
The tenthpersonification word is discovered on the Speak
Now album entitled Innocent on the line 21, as revealed;
Wasn't it beautiful runnin' wild 'til you fell asleep?
Before the monster caught up to you?
The word caught up means to success in reaching a person
who is ahead of one. It is a human characteristic because human can
32
caught up somebody else. In the actual fact, monster can not catch up
somebody else. Later, it is personification word because caught up is
a human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing,
monster. This song lyric expresses that the creator suppose someone
that is typically large, ugly, and frightening grab her/his beloved
whichcome before her/him.
k. S/ D/ 26
The eleventh personification word is discovered on the Speak
Now album entitled Haunted on the line 26, as revealed;
Oh, holding my breath
Won't see you again
Something keeps me holding on to nothing
The word keeps holding on means to continue or cause to
continue in a specified condition and endure or keep going in difficult
condition.It is a human characteristic because human can keeps hold
on something. In the actual fact, something can not keeps going on
something. Later, it is a personification word because keeps holding
on is a human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing,
something. This song lyric expresses that the creator feels depend on a
thing that containing nothing andunspecified.
l. S/ E/ 12
The twelvepersonification word is discovered on the Speak
Now album entitled Long Live on the line 12, as revealed;
33
Long live the walls we crashed through
How the kingdom lights shined just for me and you
The word long live means to express loyalty or support for a
specified person. It is a human characteristic human can long live
because of something. In the actual fact, walls can not long live
because of something. Later, it is a personification word because long
live is a human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing,
walls. This song lyric express that the creator feels of desire for the
walls reach loyalty which have been stricken.
m. S/ E/ 38
The thirteenthpersonification word is discovered on the Speak
Now album entitled Long Live on the line 38, as revealed;
Hold on to spinning around
The word hold on tomeans to keep/ hang on to something. It
is human a characteristic because human can be hold on to
something. Later, it is a personification word because hold on to is a
human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing, spinning
around.This song lyric expresses that the creator wants to keep
something in aturnwhicharound quickly.
n. S/ E/ 57
The fourteenthpersonification word is discovered on the
Speak Now album entitled Long Live on the line 57, as revealed;
Singing long live all the mountain we moved
34
Confetti falls to the ground
May these memories break our fall
The word long live means to express loyalty or support for a
specified person. It is a human characteristic human can long live
because of something. In the actual fact, the mountainscan not long
live because of something. Later, it is a personification word because
long live is a human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate
thing, the mountains. This song lyric express that the creator feels of
desire for the mountains reach faithfulness which have been changed
position.
o. R/ A/ 33
The fifteenthpersonification word is discovered on the Red
album entitled Red on the line 33, as revealed;
Cause love was like driving a new Maserati down a dead end street
The word driving means to operate and control the direction
and speed of a vehicle by a driver. It is a human characteristic
because human can drive a vehicle. In the actual fact, love can not
drive anything. Later, it is a personification word because drive is a
human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing,
love.This song lyric expresses that the creator assume that love is the
case on the reasoning of probability her/his displeasure but without
proof.
35
p. R/ B/ 24
The sixteenthpersonification is discovered on the Red album
entitled Stay StayStay on the line 24, as revealed;
All those times that you did not leave its been occurring to me
I just like hanging out with you all the time
All those times that you didn't leave it's been occuring to me
I'd like to hang out with you for my whole life
The word occurring to means a thought or idea that come
into the mind of someone. It is a human characteristic because human
can occur to someone else. In the actual fact, time can not occur to
someone. Later, it is a personification word because occuris a human
characteristic that is conveyed to n inanimate thing, all those times.
This song lyric expresses that the creator feels regret or
disappointment over something that has happened or been done.
q. R/ C/ 4
The seventeenthpersonification word is discovered on the Red
album entitled The Last Time on the line 4, as revealed;
But I'm not sure how I got there
All roads, they lead me here
The word lead means to show someone the way to a
destination by going in front of or beside them. It is a human
characteristic because human can lead someone. In the actual fact,
roads can not lead. Later, it is a personification word because lead is
36
a human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing, roads.
This song lyric expresses that the creator feels has a power of sense
to move in this place which is shown by the way of life.
r. R/ D/ 11
The eighteenthpersonification word is discovered on the Red
album entitled Everything Has Changed on the line 11, as revealed;
Cause all I know is we said hello
And your eyes look like coming home
All I know is a simple name
Everything has changed
The word coming homemeansthe seriousness of someone that
become fully realized by someone. It is a human characteristic
because human can come home. In the actual fact, eyes can not come
home. Later, it is a personification word because come home is a
human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing,
eyes.This song lyric expresses that the creator make one think about
someone who wants to back because feels something like awkward/
difficult.
s. R/ D/ 17
The nineteenthpersonification word is discovered on the Red
album entitled Everything Has Changed on the line 21, as revealed;
And all my walls stood painted blue And I'll take them down, take them down and Open up the door for you
37
The word stood (past and past participle of stand)means to
have or maintain an upright position, supported by someone's feet. It
is a human characteristic because human can stand. In the actual fact,
walls can not stand. Later, it is a personification word because stand
is a human characteristic that is conveyed to an inanimate thing,
walls. This song lyric expresses that the creator he or she wants to
open his or her heart to be loved by his or her beloved.
2. The Meaning of Personification Words Found in the Song Lyrics
of Taylor Swift Albums
Personification words that found on the song lyrics of
Taylor Swift albums have different meaning. It can be seen on the
table 2.
Table 2.
The Meaning of Personification Words Found in the Song Lyrics of
Taylor Swift Albums
Lyrics that
contain No Titles Code Meanings personification
words
1 Stay I hope your T/ A/ 15 This song lyrics
Beautiful love will lead expresses the creator
you back to my wish someone come
door back because someone
38
has disappeared.
2 Our Song Our song is the T/ B/ 13 This song lyrics
way you laugh expresses the creator
feels glad because of
a thing, which as if
laugh of someone,
song.
3 White Holding on the F/ A/ 6 This song lyric
Horse days drag on expresses that the
creator express a
strong desire or hope
wait for something.
4 Change In your eyes F/ B/ 21 This song lyrics
says we can expresses that the
beat this creator has no doubt
that the possibility of
something is right.
5 Dear John But I took your S/ A/ 39 This song lyric
matches before expresses that the
fire catch me creator bring a
39
response expressing a
feeling anger.
6 Enchanted Walls of S/ B/ 4 This song lyric
insincerity expresses that the
shifting eyes creator does not want
and vacancy to express genuine
feelings but wants to
deliver that walls of
insincerity change in
moving eyes and
vacancy.
7 Your eyes S/ B/ 7 This song lyric
whispered, expresses that the
“Have we creator perceive in
met”? someone’s eyes as
though saying
something.
8 Across the S/ B/ 8 This song lyric
room, your expresses that the
silhouette starts creator feels the
40
to make its way silhouette walk to
to me him/her through the
room.
9 The lingering S/ B/ 18 This song lyric
question kept expresses that the
me up creator feels worry
because a question
about love appear
suddenly when he/she
take a nap in a night.
10 Innocent Before the S/ C/ 21 This song lyric
monster caught expresses that the
up to you? creator suppose
someone that is
typically large, ugly,
and frightening grab
her/his beloved
whichcome before
her/him.
11 Haunted Something S/ D/ 26 This song lyric
keeps me expresses that the
41
holding on to creator feels depend
nothing on a thing that
containing nothing
andaunspecified.
12 Long Live Long live the S/ E/ 12 This song lyric
walls we express that the
crashed creator feels of desire
through for the walls reach
loyalty which have
been stricken.
13 Hold on to S/ E/ 38 This song lyric
spinning expresses that the
around creator wants to keep
something in a turn
which around quickly.
14 Singing long S/ E/ 57 This song lyric
live all the express that the
mountain we creator feels of
moved desire for the
mountains reach
faithfulness
which have been
changed position.
42
15 Red Cause love was R/ A/ 33 This song lyric
like driving a expresses that the
new Maserati creator assume that
down a dead love is the case on the
end street reasoning of
probability her/his
displeasure but
without proof.
16 Stay All those times R/ B/ 24 This song lyric
staystay that you did not expresses that the
leave its been creator feels regret or
occurring to me disappointment over
something that has
happened or been
done.
17 The last All roads, they R/ C/ 4 This song lyric
time lead me here expresses that the
creator feels has a
power of sense to
move in this place
which is shown by the
43
way of life.
18 Everything And your eyes R/ D/ 11 This song lyric
has look like expresses that the
changed coming home creator make one
think about someone
who wants to back
because feels
something like
awkward/ difficult.
19 And all my R/ D/ 17 This song lyric
walls stood expresses that the
painted blue creator he or she
wants to open his or
her heart to be loved
by his or her beloved.
3. The Application of the Research Finding in English Language
Teaching
This research can be applied in the twelve grade of Senior High
School. It is found inthe twelve grade of Senior High School Syllabus,
44
especially for Language Programme of Student. Thereisone of the
learning material which deliver about figurative language in a song. The
researcher believes that using a song, it can amuse and entertain. It can
change the atmosphere in a classroom or prepare students for a new
activity. It can also make a satisfactory connection between the world of
leisure and the world of learning. Here is the example of the lesson plan
about Personification In a Song Lyric.
LESSON PLAN
School : SMA N 1 Petanahan
Lesson : English
Class : XII/1
Subject : Personification In the Song Lyric
Time : 90 minutes
1. Competence Standard
Mention the figurative language in the song lyric
2. Basic Competence
To response the personification word in the song lyric
3. Indicator
• To translate the whole of song lyric into indonesian
• To identify the personification word of the lyric in the song
• To make an example of personification word
45
4. Learning Objectives
• The students can identify the meaning of lyric in the song
• The students can identify the personification word of the lyrics in
the song
• The students can make an example of personification word
5. Learning Material
Enchanted from Taylor Swift
There I was again tonight
Forcing laughter, faking smiles
Same old tired, lonely place
Walls of insincerity
Shifting eyes and vacancy
Vanished when I saw your face
All I can say is
It was enchanting to meet you
Your eyes whispered "Have we met?"
Across the room, your silhouette
Starts to make its way to me
The playful conversation starts
Counter all your quick remarks
Like passing notes in secrecy
And it was enchanting to meet you
All I can say is
46
I was enchanted to meet you
CHORUS
This night is sparkling, don't you let it go
I'm wonderstruck, blushing all the way home
I'll spend forever wondering if you knew
I was enchanted to meet you
The lingering question kept me up
2 am, who do you love?
I wonder 'til I'm wide awake
Now I'm pacing back and forth
Wishing you were at my door
I'd open up and you would say
It was enchanting to meet you
All I know is
I was enchanted to meet you
CHORUS
This is me praying that
This was the very first page
Not where the story line ends
My thoughts will echo your name
Until I see you again
These are the words I held back
As I was leaving too soon
47
I was enchanted to meet you
Please don't be in love with someone else
Please don't have somebody waiting on you
6. Method
Listening (and mixed) techniques
7. Learning Activity
Learning Activity Time
¾ Pre-Teaching
• Greeting the students
• Praying 15’
• Introduction
• Stating the material
¾ While Teaching
a. Exploration
• Teacher plays the whole of “Enganged from
Taylor Swift” song
• The teacher asks the student about what they 60’
have heard
b. Elaboration
• Teacher plays the “Enganged from Taylor
Swift” song lyric by lyric
• The teacher asks student to repeat every
48
single lyric
• The teacher asks student to find the
personification words
c. Confirmation
• Teacher gives opportunity to the student to
ask about the material
• Teacher disscuss the correct answer with
student
• Teacher command the student to make 10
sentences using personification word
• Teacher and student correct answer with
student
¾ Post Teaching
• Teacher deduces the material
• Teacher motivate the students 15’ • Teacher ends the lesson
• Praying
8.Media and Sources
• Media : White Board, Spidol, Speaker, eraser, Netbook, Enchanted
from Taylor Swift song.
49
• Sources : An Analysis of Personification Words Found in the Song
Lyrics of Taylor Swift Albums and Its Application in
English Language Teaching.
9. Assesment
• Assessment Techniques :Individual
• Assesmentform : Written
• Assessment type : Subjective
10. Cognitive Scoring
Task No Indicator Test Task Example Key Answer Type
1. Making 10 Written We have been Example:
sentences using discussed about a. The moon sits in
personification personification in the sky
word song, now please b. I feel the light
make 10 betray me
sentences using c. The memory will
personification escape me
word! d. The clouds
looking me so
dissatisfied
e. The questions
kill me
f. The sun
50
climbeinto the
clouds
g. The wild grass
dance
wonderfully
h. Watch the time
go right out
suddenly
i. The rain laughing
in my sadness
j. The time will
opens up to
bring you back
here
12. Scoring System
CATHEGORY No Name
1.
2.
SCOR = Right Answer X 100 = MARK Total Score
51
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter show conclusion and suggestion managing with the data
analysis. For the suggestion, it is employed for achieving the discussion of
this chapter.
A. Conclusion
After studying the song lyrics of Tayor Swift albums, the
researcher deduces that there are nineteen personification words that
can be discovered and studied from the song lyrics of Taylor Swift
albums.
Personification words that discovered on the song lyrics of Taylor
Swift album have different meaning. Personification words discovered
on the song lyrics of Taylor Swift albums disccuss about:
a. Unhappiness, on the song lyrics: Dear John, Innocent
b. Pain, on the song lyrics: Enchanted, Everything Has Changed
c. Upset, on the song lyric:Enchanted
e. Situation, on the song lyric:Enchanted, The Last Time, Everything
Has Changed
g. Motion, on the song lyric:Enchanted
h. Give up, on the song lyric:White Horse, Haunted
i. Mind, on the song lyric: Stay Beautiful, Our Song, Change, Long Live
j. Disfavor, on the song lyric:Stay Stay Stay
51
52
Studying personification words that found in the song lyrics of
Tayor Swift albums, It can also be applied in the twelve grade of Senior
High School. It is found in the twelve grade of Senior High School
Syllabus, especially for Language Programme of Student.
B. Suggestions
In this part, the researcher wants to show some suggestion which
are given to the readers, mainly song and music lovers, who want to
employ this analysis as a reference to understand the unseen meaning
behind the song lyrics, and other researcher who want to employ this
analysis as reference for the more research on figurative language,
among others:
1. It s very necessary as the first way to aware correctly what the
meaning of the song lyric, so music lovers can analyis about
figurative language.
2. Music lovers should comprehend the unseen meaning of the song
lyric, mainly when it involves figurative language, so they can
understand the meaning exactly.
3. In addition, the researcher recommend that the following researchers
will carry out similar study in the other song lyrics of their fondness
musicians. To get fullness in the research, the following researchers
can use other thesis of figurative language or mix it with other thesis.
53
4. The researcher must be watchful in analysis about figurative
language because some figurative language have inappreciable
dissimilarity among others.
5. It is preferable to take pleasure the song/ literary work we’d like to
bring about research, in order to get a preferable result in carrying
literary on the song lyrics.
APPENDIX
Song Lyrics of Linkin Park Albums that Contains Personification Words
(T) Album: Taylor Swift
A. Stay Beautiful
1. Cory's eyes are like a jungle
2. He smiles, it's like the radio
3. He whispers songs into my window
4. In words that nobody knows
5. These pretty girls on every corner
6. They watch him as he's walking home
7. Saying, "Does he know?"
8. Will you ever know?
9. You're beautiful
10. Every little piece love
11.And don't you know
12. You're really gonna be someone
13. Ask anyone
14. And when you find everything you looked for
15. I hope your love will lead you back to my door
16. Oh, but if it don't
17. Stay Beautiful
18. Cory finds another way to be
19. The highlight of my day
20.I'm taking pictures in my mind
21. So I can save them for a rainy day
22. It's hard to make a conversation
23. When he's taking my breath away
24. I should say, hey, by the way...
25. If you and I are a story
26.That never gets told
27. If what you are is a daydream
28. I'll never get to hold
29. At least you'll know...
30. You're beautiful
31. Every little piece love
32.And don't you know
33. You're really gonna be someone
34. Ask anyone
35. And when you find everything you looked for
36. I hope your love will lead you back to my door
37. Oh, but if it don't
38. Will you stay
39.Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful
B. Our Song
1. I was riding shotgun
2. With my hair undone
3. In the front seat of his car
4. He's got a one-hand feel
5. On the steering wheel
6. The other on my heart
7. I look around, turn the radio down
8. He says, "Baby is something wrong?"
9. I say, "Nothing,
10. I was just thinking
11. How we don't have a song"
12. And he says...
13. Our song is the way you laugh
14. Sneakin' out late, tapping on your window
15. When we're on the phone and you talk real slow
16. 'cause it's late and your mama don't know
17. The first date: "Man, I didn't kiss her, when I should have"
18. And when I got home ... 'fore I said amen
19. Asking God if he could play it again
20. I was walking up
21. The front porch steps
22. After everything that day
23. Had gone all wrong
24. And been trampled on
25. And lost and thrown away
26. Got to the hallway,
27. Well on my way
28. To my lovin' bed
29. I almost didn't notice
30. All the roses
(F) Album: Fearless
A. White Horse
1. Say you're sorry
2. That face of an angel
3. Comes out just when you need it to
4. As I paced back and forth all this time
5. Cause I honestly believed in you
6. Holding on The days drag on
7. Stupid girl,
8. I should have known, I should have known
9. That I'm not a princess, this ain't a fairy tale,
10. I'm not the one you'll sweep off her feet,
11. Lead her up the stairwell
12. This ain't Hollywood, this is a small town,
13. I was a dreamer before you went and let me down,
14. Now it's too late for you and your white horse to come around
15. Maybe I was naïve,
16. Got lost in your eyes
17. And never really had a chance
18. My mistake, I didn't know to be in love
19. You had to fight to have the upper hand
20. I had so many dreams
21. About you and me
22. Happy endings
23. Now I know
24. That I'm not a princess, this ain't a fairy tale,
25. I'm not the one you'll sweep off her feet,
26. Lead her up the stairwell
27. This ain't Hollywood, this is a small town,
28. I was a dreamer before you went and let me down,
29. Now it's too late for you and your white horse to come around
30. And there you are on your knees,
31. Begging for forgiveness, begging for me
32. Just like I always wanted but I'm so sorry
33. Cause I'm not your princess, this ain't a fairytale,
34. I'm gonna find someone someday who might actually treat me well
35. This is a big world, that was a small town
36. There in my rear view mirror disappearing now
37. And it's too late for you and your white horse
38. Now it's too late for you and your white horse to catch me now
39. Oh, whoa, whoa, whoa
40. Try and catch me now
41. Oh, it's too late
42. To catch me now
B. Change
1. And it’s a sad picture, the final blow hits you
2. Somebody else gets what you wanted again and
3. You know it’s all the same, another time and place
4. Repeating history and you’re getting sick of it
5. But I believe in whatever you do
6. And I’ll do anything to see it through
7. Because these things will change
8. Can you feel it now?
9. These walls that they put up to hold us back will fall down
10. This revolution, the time will come
11. For us to finally win
12. And we’ll sing hallelujah, we’ll sing hallelujah
13. So we’ve been outnumbered
14. Raided and now cornered
15. It’s hard to fight when the fight ain’t fair
16. We’re getting stronger now
17. Find things they never found
18. They might be bigger
19. But we’re faster and never scared
20. You can walk away, say we don’t need this
21. But there’s something in your eyes says we can beat this
22. Because these things will change
23. Can you feel it now?
24. These walls that they put up to hold us back will fall down
25. This revolution, the time will come
26. For us to finally win
27. And we’ll sing hallelujah, well sing hallelujah
28. Tonight we stand, get off our knees
29. Fight for what we’ve worked for all these years
30. And the battle was long, it’s the fight of our lives
31. But we’ll stand up champions tonight
32. It was the night things changed
33. Can you see it now?
34. These walls that they put up to hold us back fell down
35. It’s a revolution, throw your hands up
36. Cause we never gave in
37. And we sang hallelujah, we sang hallelujah
(S) Album: Speak Now
A. Dear John
1. Long were the nights when
2. My days once revolved around you
3. Counting my footsteps
4. Praying the floor won’t fall through, again
5. And my mother accused me of losing my mind
6. But I swore I was fine
7. You paint me a blue sky
8. And go back and turn it to rain
9. And I lived in your chess game
10. But you changed the rules everyday
11. Wonderin’ which version of you I might get on the phone, tonight
12. Well I stopped pickin’ up and this song is to let you know why
13. Dear John, I see it all now that you're gone.
14. Don't you think I was too young
15. To be messed with?
16. The girl in the dress
17. Cried the whole way home, I should've known.
18. Well maybe it’s me
19. And my blind optimism to blame
20. Or maybe it’s you and your sick need
21. To give love then take it away
22. And you'll add my name to your long list of traitors who don't understand
23. And I'll look back in regret how I ignored when they said,
24. "Run as fast as you can."
25. Dear John, I see it all now that you're gone.
26. Don't you think I was too young
27. To be messed with?
28. The girl in the dress
29. Cried the whole way home
30. Dear John, I see it all now it was wrong
31. Don’t you think nineteen’s too young
32. To be played by your dark, twisted games?
33. When I loved you so, I should've known.
34. You are an expert at "Sorry"
35. And keeping lines blurry
36. Never impressed by me acing your tests
37. All the girls that you've run dry have tired lifeless eyes
38. Cause you've burned them out
39. But I took your matches before fire could catch me
40. So don’t look now
41. I’m shining like fireworks
42. Over your sad empty town
43. Dear John, I see it all now that you're gone.
44. Don't you think I was too young
45. To be messed with?
46. The girl in the dress
47. Cried the whole way home
48. I see it all now that you're gone
49. Don't you think I was too young
50. To be messed with?
51. The girl in the dress
52. Wrote you a song, you should’ve known.
53. You should’ve known
54. Don’t you think I was too young?
55. You should’ve known.
B. Enchanted
1. There I was again tonight
2. Forcing laughter, faking smiles
3. Same old tired lonely place
4. Walls of insincerity shifting eyes and vacancy
5. Vanished when I saw your face
6. All I can say is it was enchanting to meet you
7. Your eyes whispered, "Have we met?"
8. Across the room your silhouetteStarts to make its way to me
9. The playful conversation starts
10. Counter all your quick remarks
11. Like passing notes in secrecy
12. And it was enchanting to meet you
13. All I can say is I was enchanted to meet you
14. This night is sparkling, don't you let it go
15. I'm wonderstruck, blushing all the way home
16. I'll spend forever wondering if you knew
17. I was enchanted to meet you
18. The lingering question kept me up
19. 2 AM, who do you love?
20. I wonder 'til I'm wide awake
21. And now I'm pacing back and forth
22. Wishing you were at my door
23. I'd open up and you would say, "Hey,
24. It was enchanting to meet you,
25. All I know is I was enchanted to meet you."
26. This night is sparkling, don't you let it go
27. I'm wonderstruck, blushing all the way home
28. I'll spend forever wondering if you knew
29. This night is flawless, don't you let it go
30. I'm wonderstruck, dancing around all alone
31. I'll spend forever wondering if you knew
32. I was enchanted to meet you
33. This is me praying that
34. This was the very first page
35. Not where the story line ends
36. My thoughts will echo your name
37. Until I see you again
38. These are the words I held back
39. As I was leaving too soon
40. I was enchanted to meet you
41. Please don't be in love with someone else
42. Please don't have somebody waiting on you
43. Please don't be in love with someone else
44. Please don't have somebody waiting on you
45. This night is sparkling, don't you let it go
46. I'm wonderstruck, blushing all the way home
47. I'll spend forever wondering if you knew
48. This night is flawless, don't you let it go
49. I'm wonderstruck, dancing around all alone
50. I'll spend forever wondering if you knew
51. I was enchanted to meet you
52. Please don't be in love with someone else
53. Please don't have somebody waiting on you
C. Innocent
1. I guess you really did it this time
2. Left yourself in your warpath
3. Lost your balance on a tightrope
4. Lost your mind tryin' to get it back
5. Wasn't it easier in your lunchbox days?
6. Always a bigger bed to crawl into
7. Wasn't it beautiful when you believed in everything?
8. And everybody believed in you?
9. It's all right, just wait and see
10. Your string of lights is still bright to me
11. Oh, who you are is not where you've been
12. You're still an innocent
13. You're still an innocent
14. Did some things you can't speak of
15. But tonight you'll live it all again
16. You wouldn't be shattered on the floor now
17. If only you had seen what you know now then
18. Wasn't it easier in your firefly-catchin' days?
19. And everything out of reach, someone bigger brought down to you
20. Wasn't it beautiful runnin' wild 'til you fell asleep?
21. Before the monsters caught up to you?
22. It's okay, life is a tough crowd
23. and still growin' up now
24. Who you are is not what you did
25. You're still an innocent
26. Time turns flames to embers
27. You'll have new Septembers
28. Every one of us has messed up too
29. Lives change like a weather
30. I hope you remember
31. Today is never too late to
32. Be brand new
33. Lost your balance on a tightrope
34. It's never too late to get it back
D. Haunted
1. You and I walk a fragile line
2. I have known it all this time
3. but I never thought I'd live to see it break
4. It's getting dark and it's all too quiet
5. And I can't trust anything now
6. And it's coming over you like it's all a big mistake
7. Oh, I'm holding my breath
8. Won't lose you again
9. something's made your eyes go cold
10. Come on, come on, don't leave me like this
11. I thought I had you figured out
12. Something's gone terribly wrong
13. You're all I wanted
14. Come on, come on, don't leave me like this
15. I thought I had you figured out
16. Can't breathe whenever you're gone
17. Can't turn back now, I'm haunted
18. Stood there and watched you walk away
19. From everything we had
20. But I still mean every word I said to you
21. He would try to take away my pain
22. And he just might make me smile
23. But the whole time I'm wishing he was you instead
24. Oh, I'm holding my breath
25. Won't see you again
26. somethingkeeps me holding on to nothing
27. Come on, come on, don't leave me like this
28. I thought I had you figured out
29. You're all I wanted
30. Come on, come on, don't leave me like this
31. I thought I had you figured out
32. Can't breathe whenever you're gone
33. Can't turn back now, I'm haunted
34. I know, I know, I just know
35. You're not gone. You can't be gone. No.
36. Come on, come on, don't leave me like this
37. I thought I had you figured out
38. Something's gone terribly wrong
39. Won't finish what you started
40. Come on, come on, don't leave me like this
41. I thought I had you figured out
42. Can't breathe whenever you're gone
43. Can't go back, I'm haunted
44. You and I walk a fragile line
45. I have known it all this time
46. Never ever thought I'd see it break.
47. Never thought I'd see it
E. Long Live
1. I said remember this moment in the back of my mind
2. The time we stood with our shaking hands
3. The crowds in stands went wild
4. We were the Kings and the Queens
5. And they read off our names
6. The night you danced like you knew our lives
7. Would never be the same
8. You held your head like a hero
9. On a history book page
10. It was the end of a decade
11. But the start of an age
12. Long live the walls we crashed through
13. How the kingdom lights shined just for me and you
14. I was screaming long live all the magic we made
15. And bring on all the pretenders
16. One day, we will be remembered
17. I said remember this feeling
18. I pass the pictures around
19. Of all the years that we stood there
20. On the side-lines wishing for right now
21. We are the Kings and the Queens
22. You traded your baseball cap for a crown
23. When they gave us our trophies
24. And we held them up for our town
25. And the cynics were outraged
26. Screaming, "This is absurd!"
27. Cause for a moment a band of thieves
28. In ripped up jeans got to rule the world
29. Long live the walls we crashed through
30. How the kingdom lights shined just for me and you
31. I was screaming long live all the magic we made
32. And bring on all the pretenders
33. I'm not afraid
34. Long live all the mountains we moved
35. I had the time of my life fighting dragons with you
36. I was screaming long live that look on your face
37. And bring on all the pretenders
38. One day, we will be remembered Hold on to spinning around
39. Confetti falls to the ground
40. May these memories break our fall
41. Will you take a moment, promise me this
42. That you'll stand by me forever
43. But if God forbid fate should step in
44. And force us into a goodbye
45. If you have children some day
46. When they point to the pictures
47. Please tell them my name
48. Tell them how the crowds went wild
49. Tell them how I hope they shine
50. Long live the walls we crashed through
51. I had the time of my life, with you
52. Long, long live the walls we crashed through
53. How the kingdom lights shined just for me and you
54. And I was screaming long live all the magic we made
55. And bring on all the pretenders
56. I'm not afraid
57. Singing, long live all the mountains we moved
58. I had the time of my life fighting dragons with you
59. And long, long live the look on your face
60. And bring on all the pretenders
61. One day, we will be remembered
( R ) Album: Red
A. Red
1. Loving him is like driving a new Maserati down a dead-end street
2. Faster than the wind, passionate as sin, ending so suddenly
3. Loving him is like trying to change your mind once you're already flying through
the free fall
4. Like the colors in autumn, so bright just before they lose it all
5. Losing him was blue like I'd never known
6. Missing him was dark grey all alone
7. Forgetting him was like trying to know somebody you never met
8. But loving him was red
9. Loving him was red
10. Touching him was like realizing all you ever wanted was right there in front of
you
11. Memorizing him was as easy as knowing all the words to your old favorite song
12. Fighting with him was like trying to solve a crossword and realizing there's no
right answer
13. Regretting him was like wishing you never found out that love could be that
strong
14. Losing him was blue like I'd never known
15. Missing him was dark grey all alone
16. Forgetting him was like trying to know somebody you never met
17. But loving him was red
18. Burning red
19. Remembering him comes in flashbacks and echoes
20. Tell myself it's time now, gotta let go
21. But moving on from him is impossible
22. When I still see it all in my head
23. In burning red
24. Burning, it was red
25. Oh, losing him was blue like I'd never know
26. Missing him was dark grey all alone
27. Forgetting him was like trying to know somebody you never met
28. 'Cause loving him was red
29. Yeah, yeah, red
30. We're burning red
31. And that's why he's spinnin' 'round in my head
32. Comes back to me, burning red
33. Cause love was like driving a new Maserati down a dead-end street
B. Stay StayStay
1. I'm pretty sure we almost broke up last night.
2. I threw my phone across the room at you.
3. I was expecting some dramatic turn-away,
4. But you stayed.
5. This morning I said we should talk about it.
6. 'Cause I read you should never leave a fight unresolved.
7. That's when you came in wearing a football helmet and said "okay, let's talk."
8. And I said,
9. Stay, stay, stay.
10. I've been lovin' you for quite some time, time, time.
11. You think that it's funny when I'm mad, mad, mad.
12. But I think that it's best if we both stay.
13. Before you, I'd only dated self-indulgent takers,
14. Who took all of their problems out on me.
15. But you carry my groceries, and now I'm always laughin'.
16. And I love you because you have given me no choice but to:
17. Stay, stay, stay.
18. I've been lovin' you for quite some time, time, time.
19. You think that it's funny when I'm mad, mad, mad.
20. But I think that it's best if we both stay, stay, stay, stay.
21. You took the time to memorize me:
22. My fears, my hopes, and dreams.
23. I just like hangin' out with you, all the time.
24. All those times that you didn't leave; It's been occurring to me
25. I'd like to hang out with you, for my whole life.
26. And I'll be loving you for quite some time.
27. No one else is going to love me, when I get mad, mad, mad.
28. So I think that it's best if we both stay, stay, stay, stay, stay, stay.
29. Stay, stay, stay.
30. I've been lovin' you for quite some time, time, time.
31. You think that it's funny when I'm mad, mad, mad.
32. But I think that it's best if we both stay, stay, stay, stay, stay, stay.
33. Stay, stay, stay.
34. I've been lovin' you for quite some time, time, time.
35. You think that it's funny when I'm mad, mad, mad.
36. But I think that it's best if we both stay.
C. The Last Time
1. I find myself at your door,
2. Just like all those times before,
3. I'm not sure how I got there,
4. All roads—they lead me here.
5. I imagine you are home,
6. In your room, all alone,
7. And you open your eyes into mine,
8. And everything feels better,
9. and right before your eyes,
10. I'm breaking, no past
11. No reasons why,
12. Just you and me.
13. This is the last time I'm asking you this,
14. Put my name at the top of your list,
15. This is the last time I'm asking you why,
16. You break my heart in the blink of an eye, eye, eye.
17. You find yourself at my door,
18. Just like all those times before,
19. You wear your best apology,
20. But I was there to watch you leave
21. And all the times I let you in,
22. Just for you to go again,
23. Disappear when you come back,
24. Everything is better.
25. and right before your eyes,
26. I'm aching, no past
27. Nowhere to hide,
28. Just you and me...
29. This is the last time I'm asking you this,
30. Put my name at the top of your list,
31. This is the last time I'm asking you why,
32. You break my heart in the blink of an eye, eye, eye
33. This is the last time you tell me I've got it wrong,
34. This is the last time I say it's been you all along,
35. This is the last time I let you in my door,
36. This is the last time, I won't hurt you anymore.
37. This is the last time I'm asking you this,
38. Put my name at the top of your list,
39. This is the last time I'm asking you why,
40. You break my heart in the blink of an eye.
41. This is the last time I'm asking you,
42. Last time I'm asking you,
43. Last time I'm asking you this...
D. "Everything Has Changed"
1. All I knew this morning when I woke
2. Is I know something now, know something now I didn't before.
3. And all I've seen since eighteen hours ago
4. Is green eyes and freckles and your smile
5. In the back of my mind making me feel like
6. I just wanna know you better, know you better, know you better now
7. I just wanna know you better, know you better, know you better now
8. I just wanna know you better, know you better, know you better now
9. I just wanna know you, know you, know you
10. 'Cause all I know is we said, "Hello."
11. And your eyes look like coming home
12. All I know is a simple name
13. Everything has changed
14. All I know is you held the door
15. You'll be mine and I'll be yours
16. All I know since yesterday is everything has changed
17. And all my walls stood tall painted blue
18. And I'll take them down, take them down and open up the door for you
19. And all I feel in my stomach is butterflies
20. The beautiful kind, making up for lost time,
21. Taking flight, making me feel right
22. Taking flight, making me feel right like
23. I just wanna know you better, know you better, know you better now
24. I just wanna know you better, know you better, know you better now
25. I just wanna know you better, know you better, know you better now
26. I just wanna know you, know you, know you
27. 'Cause all I know is we said, "Hello."
28. And your eyes look like coming home
29. All I know is a simplenam
30. Everything has changed
31. All I know is you held the door
32. And you'll be mine and I'll be yours
33. All I know since yesterday is everything has changed
34. Come back and tell me why
35. I'm feeling like I've missed you all this time, oh, oh, oh.
36. And meet me there tonight
37. And let me know that it's not all in my mind.
38. I just wanna know you better, know you better, know you better now
39. I just wanna know you, know you, know you
40. All I know is we said, "Hello."
41. And your eyes look like coming home
42. All I know is a simple name
43. Everything has changed
44. All I know is you held the door
45. You'll be mine and I'll be yours
46. All I know since yesterday is everything has changed
47. All I know is we said, "Hello."
48. So dust off your highest hopes
49. All I know is pouring rain and everything has changed
50. All I know is a new found grace
51. All my days I'll know your face
52. All I know since yesterday is everything has changed