Birmingham Eastside Extension
ES Volume 2 Technical Appendix Q1: Historic Environment Technical Information
MMD-300207-HS30-DOC-0000-1041 October 2016
West Midland Combined Authority
Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
Issue and revision record
Revision Date Originator Checker Coordinator Approver Description A July 2016 PR JT CS KL First draft CH KL
B October 2016 PR JW CS KL Final for submission JT
Information class: Standard
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Contents
Chapter Title Page
Historic Environment 8 1.1 Background ______8 1.2 Legislation and Planning Policy ______8 1.3 Methodology ______15 1.4 Baseline Conditions ______16 1.5 Built heritage ______39 1.6 Archaeological potential ______44
Annexes 48 A. Heritage asset heritage value assessment tables ______49 B. Selected photographs from the proposed development area ______91
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
Historic Environment
1.1 Background
1.1.1 This technical appendix should be read in conjunction with Chapter 14 Historic Environment of ES Volume 1 Main Statement. This technical appendix will identify and assess the heritage value1 of all heritage assets within a 200m study area and is used to support the recommendations made in Chapter 14: Historic Environment of ES Volume 1 Main Statement. This technical appendix is a description of the baseline only and the impacts and effects of the BEE are dealt with in Chapter 14: Historic Environment of ES Volume 1 Main Statement and ES Volume 2 Technical Appendix Q2: Impact Assessment Table.
1.1.2 The archaeological and heritage constraints are illustrated in drawing MMD-300207-HS30- DRA-0000-0001-0004 in ES Volume 2 Technical Appendix A: EIA Drawings.
1.2 Legislation and Planning Policy
European
European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised) Treaty no.143 , ratified 2001
1.2.1 The European Convention for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage promotes high standards for archaeological work. It states that procedures should be put in place to ensure that archaeological excavation and other archaeological activities are properly authorised and supervised to ensure archaeology is properly recorded and protected. It also states that destructive techniques, such as excavation, are only carried out by qualified, specially authorised people (Article 3). Current English planning policy (as set out in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)) follows the steps set out in Article 5 of the Convention for the protection and recording of archaeology during development.
Convention for the Protection of Architectural Heritage of Europe, Treaty no.121, ratified 1998
1.2.2 This Convention outlines that each country takes statutory measures to protect architectural heritage (Article 3) and that appropriate procedures are put in place ensure that any demolition, alteration or scheme affecting the protected building or structures is properly authorised and supervised (Article 4). Current English planning policy (as set out in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)) follows the steps set out in Article 10 of the Convention for the protection and recording of architectural heritage during development.
1 Please note that national and local policy and guidance refers to “heritage significance”. To prevent confusion with EIA terminology of “significance of effect” this report will use the term “heritage value” in place of “heritage significance” unless directly quoting from policy or guidance. The definition of “heritage significance” as defined in the National Planning Policy Framework will be applied to “heritage value” in the context of this report. 8 MMD/300207/HS30/DOC/0000/1041 B August 2016 http://pims01/pims/llisapi.dll?func=ll&objId=2091112192&objAction=browse&viewType=1
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National legislation
1.2.3 The law in England regarding ancient monuments, archaeological areas, listed buildings and conservation areas are covered by two acts: Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979; and Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.
Planning policy
National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), 2012
1.2.4 NPPF came into effect in March 2012 and this legislation provides a framework for the management of the historic environment. Of particular relevance to the BEE are the following policies:
1.2.5 "128. In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets' importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation."
1.2.6 "129. Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset's conservation and any aspect of the proposal."
1.2.7 “131. In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of: the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation; the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness.”
1.2.8 “132. When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or
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lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional.”
1.2.9 “133. Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply: the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use.”
1.2.10 “134. Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use.”
1.2.11 “135. The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.”
1.2.12 “137. Local planning authorities should look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset should be treated favourably.”
“138. Not all elements of a World Heritage Site or Conservation Area will necessarily contribute to its significance. Loss of a building (or other element) which makes a positive contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area or World Heritage Site should be treated either as substantial harm under paragraph 133 or less than substantial harm under paragraph 134, as appropriate, taking into account the relative significance of the element affected and its contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area or World Heritage Site as a whole.”
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1.2.13 “141. Local planning authorities should make information about the significance of the historic environment gathered as part of plan-making or development management publicly accessible. They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible.30 However, the ability to record evidence of our past should not be a factor in deciding whether such loss should be permitted.”
Local planning policy
The Birmingham Unitary Development Plan, 2006
1.2.14 The Unitary Development Plan (UDP) contains policies and proposals that currently guide development and land use across the City and is the existing Development Plan for Birmingham. The UDP policies which are relevant to the historic environment considerations for the BEE are: 3.20 - Designated Conservation Areas within the City will continue to provide a powerful means of preserving the best of our historic and architectural heritage and within these areas and other areas identified in the Constituency Statements as of conservation importance, the emphasis will be on protecting and enhancing the individual character and appearance of the particular area; 3.22 - Proposals which would adversely affect buildings or areas of architectural interest will not normally be allowed; 3.25 - Any development affecting a listed building should preserve or enhance its character. Applications affecting Listed Buildings will be considered in the light of the following policies: – the setting of listed buildings will be preserved and enhanced by the exercise of appropriate control over the design of new development in their vicinity, control over the use of adjacent land, and where appropriate, by the preservation of trees and landscape features;2 3.26 - Proposals for the demolition, alteration and/or extension of a building on the ‘Local List’ should ensure that the features of historic or architectural interest are preserved and that all new work and any new buildings [is] are [in keeping with] of at least equivalent quality to [the character of] the original building and make a similar contribution to its setting; 3.27 - . Development proposals within Conservation Areas will be considered in the light of the following policies; – the development should [normally] preserve or enhance the character or appearance of the area, and the demolition of buildings or removal of trees or other landscape features which make a positive contribution to the area’s character or appearance will be resisted;
2 Of the policies in the UDP, this is considered to be the only one relevant to the BEE as all others relate to alterations to the historic fabric of the building. 11 MMD/300207/HS30/DOC/0000/1041 B August 2016 http://pims01/pims/llisapi.dll?func=ll&objId=2091112192&objAction=browse&viewType=1
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– the development should respect the character of the existing architecture, in scale, grouping and materials, and should generally reflect the character and appearance of the area; and – where a detailed Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan has been prepared for a particular conservation area, this will be a material consideration in determining applications for development within that Conservation Area. 3.28 - Proposals for development adjacent to Conservation Areas should respect the character and appearance of the Conservation Area; and 3.33 - More detailed development control policies towards archaeology are set out in paragraph 8.36 and in the Conservation Strategy which has been adopted as Planning Guidance. The Archaeology Strategy also contains detailed guidance on protecting and managing the City’s archaeological resource.
The Birmingham Development Plan 2031
1.2.10 In time, the UDP will be replaced by the Birmingham Development Plan 2031 and other key planning policy documents currently being prepared, known as Development Plan Documents. Once approved, these documents will form the statutory Development Plan for Birmingham and will be the main basis for planning application decisions. At this time there is a holding direction in place from the Secretary of State preventing BCC taking any steps in connection with the adoption of the Birmingham Development Plan 2031. However the BDP will hold significant weight in planning decisions as it has been found sound by an inspector. The relevant policies relating to the historic environment are Policy ES12; A strategy for the conservation and enjoyment of Birmingham’s historic environment:
1.2.11 This assessment is compliant and takes into consideration the key principles set out within policy ES12, which are: Birmingham’s historic environment is an asset that does not stifle regeneration and growth. The historic environment makes a positive contribution to local distinctiveness and can add value to regeneration, design quality and sustainability. Heritage assets that are currently non-designated may nonetheless have a high significance in a local context because of their contribution to character; and The importance of those types of heritage assets which are rare in the city is recognised in addition to those which are particularly characteristic and therefore better appreciated.
The Big City Plan, 2011
1.2.15 The Big City Plan is a 20 year vision to encourage and support the transformation of Birmingham ‘to create a world class city centre’, setting out the detailed framework to deliver the strategy set out in the Birmingham Development Plan 2031. It covers every aspect of the built environment, from improving links into and out of the city, and maintaining and enhancing its unique character, to developing new residential communities and supporting our diverse economy’. This assessment has used the Big City Plan as a reference guide to ensure that
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that principles of understanding the character, contribution and the inherent quality of each heritage asset within the study area has been assessed.
1.2.16 Furthermore this assessment has assessed the full potential of archaeological remains to provide information about the past which will be exploited through investigation and recording where their preservation is not feasible.
Supplementary Planning Guidance/Document (SPG/D)
Birmingham City Council (BCC) Archaeology Strategy, 2004 (SPG)
1.2.17 BCC Archaeology Strategy provides detailed guidance on protecting and managing the city’s archaeological resource; it gives further advice to developers on the archaeological implications of development schemes.
1.2.18 Policy 2 states that “The City Council will ensure that the Planning Archaeologist is involved in pre- or post-application discussions on proposals where there are archaeological implications.”
1.2.19 Policy 9 states that “where scoping has identified archaeological remains are likely to be affected by a proposed development, an Environmental Impact Assessment which does not contain an adequate assessment of the archaeological impact of the proposed development and proposed mitigation measures will not be acceptable.”
1.2.20 Policy 14 deals with archaeological remains within the city centre. It states that “The City Council will require planning applications for development involving significant ground disturbance or alteration to historic buildings in Digbeth, Deritend and adjoining parts of the City Centre to be accompanied by an archaeological assessment. This will depend on the extent of proposed development and the archaeological sensitivity of the location as indicated by existing information. The assessment will normally include an archaeological evaluation. If the assessment shows that archaeological remains are likely to be affected by the proposed development, the City Council will require archaeological excavation and/or building recording in advance of commencement of development if preservation of archaeological remains in situ is not feasible.”
1.2.21 There is further detail in Section 2.12 which states that “excavations in the Bull Ring and Digbeth have revealed archaeological remains of the medieval town on every site investigated, and it can be anticipated that every site in this part of the City Centre has similarly good survival.”
1.2.22 Of particular relevance is Section 5.21 which states that “excavations in the Bull Ring and elsewhere in the City Centre have demonstrated the extensive survival of well-preserved archaeological remains from the 12th century onwards and including industrial residues and waterlogged deposits in which organic remains survive. There are likely to be similar 13 MMD/300207/HS30/DOC/0000/1041 B August 2016 http://pims01/pims/llisapi.dll?func=ll&objId=2091112192&objAction=browse&viewType=1
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remains of medieval and later date along the whole of Digbeth and High Street Deritend. In north Digbeth archaeological remains of 18th and 19th century date survive.”
1.2.23 The conservation area strategy and management plans relevant to the BEE Scheme are: The Birmingham conservation strategy (BCC 1999); Colmore Row and Environs Character Appraisal and Supplementary Planning Policies (BCC 2006); Digbeth, Deritend and Bordesley High Streets (Digbeth/ Deritend) Conservation Area Character Appraisal (BCC 2009); and Warwick Bar Conservation Area Character Appraisal (BCC 2008).
Digbeth, Deritend and Bordesley High Street Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan, 2009 (SPD)
The Digbeth/Deritend Conservation Area was designated in May 2000 in order to preserve the most significant remains of Birmingham’s mediaeval townscape and its setting within a distinctive inner city industrial quarter. The large size of the area affords the opportunity not only to include important historic buildings and structures but sites of lesser quality where sensitive redevelopment will be actively encouraged in order to create a harmonious street scene.
1.2.24 Based on the three concepts of learning, heritage and technology, the Eastside Development Framework (2001) seeks to encourage city centre expansion, regeneration and the creation of a new quarter. The heritage value of Digbeth/Deritend Conservation Area is seen as an important element in the drive to achieve sustainable economic regeneration.
Warwick Bar Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Supplementary Planning Policies, 2008 (SPD)
1.2.25 The supplementary planning policies contained in the conservation area appraisal provide the framework for the preservation and enhancement of the character of the Conservation Area. Warwick Bar Conservation Area was designated in June 1987 in recognition of the considerable group value, as well as individual heritage merit, of the surviving canal side buildings and structures included within its boundaries. The conservation area was extended in 2000 to include the whole of the former Bordesley Wharf and the surrounding street plan. The heritage value of Warwick Bar Conservation Area is seen as an important element in the drive to achieve sustainable economic regeneration. Warwick Bar Conservation Area contains the most complete remaining canalside quarter in Birmingham. Its heritage value derives from a concentration of surviving canal structures, including basins, locks and wharves, together with a wide range of historic canal related warehousing and works.
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Colmore Row and Environs Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Supplementary Planning Document, 2006 (SPD)
1.2.20 The heritage value of Colmore Row and Environs Conservation Area lies in the quality and diversity of its architecture, particularly that of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It contains a number of buildings of exceptional interest and national importance. The conservation area reflects Birmingham’s development from a prosperous market town into a great provincial city. In particular its buildings, streets and monuments exemplify a period of great achievement when the principles of the civic gospel promulgated by Joseph Chamberlain and other prominent citizens provided a standard for municipal government which made Birmingham ‘the best governed city in the world.’
1.3 Methodology
1.3.1 The study area has been defined as a 200m radius from the centre of the indicative alignment shown on the Land and Works plans. The extent of the study area is commensurate with Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) guidance (DMRB, 2007) and due to the heritage value of the buried archaeology and the consideration of the setting of the listed buildings, a 200m study area was considered appropriate rather than 100m. The archaeological and historical background of this study area has been compiled in order to produce this baseline report.
1.3.2 The assessment will follow the guidance set out in the following Historic England (formerly English Heritage) document: Historic England (formerly English Heritage) 2008) Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance; Historic England (2015) Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2; Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment.(GPA2) Historic England (2015) Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3; The Setting of Heritage Assets (GPA 3).
1.3.3 This report contains the baseline assessment, identifying and assessing the heritage value of heritage assets within the study area in line with the methodology outlined in Chapter 14: Historic Environment of ES Volume 1 Main Statement, and with the first step set out in paragraph 6 of GPA 2 and steps 1 and 2 set out in paragraph 12 of GPA 3. The impacts and effects of the BEE are dealt with in Chapter 14: Historic Environment of ES Volume 1 Main Statement and ES Volume 2 Technical Appendix Q2: Impact Assessment Table.
1.3.4 The first step of paragraph 6 of GPA 2 states “Understand the significance of the affected assets”. Steps 1 and 2 of GPA 3 state; 1. identify which heritage assets and their settings are affected; and 2. assess whether, how and to what degree these settings make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s).
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1.3.5 Guidance contained within the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists ‘Standards and Guidance for Historic Environment (CIfA 2014) has been used for compiling the baseline.
1.3.6 A summary of the works undertaken to create this baseline report are as follows: a search of the BCC Historic Environment Record (BCCER) database; a search of the Historic England download database for archaeological sites, archaeological find spots, listed buildings, registered parks and gardens, scheduled ancient monuments, world heritage sites, and event locations (archaeology) within the study area; examination of Historic Landscape Character using the website https://localview.birmingham.gov.uk/Planning/Sites/HLC_Records; a search of the study area on MAGIC mapping; an assessment of relevant published and unpublished archaeological sources; a review of sources held within the archive of the BCC Birmingham Heritage and Archives Services at the Library of Birmingham; a map regression exercise looking at the cartographic evidence for the land use history of the study area; an examination of local, regional and national planning policies in relation to the historic environment; an examination of the relevant conservation area appraisals; an examination of topographical and geological evidence; and a site walkover survey of the BEE on 28 July 2015 and 15 June 2016. All listed and locally listed buildings and known archaeological sites were observed. Selected photographs taken during the walkover are included in Annex B. The walkover was confined to a walk of the proposed route and key assets which were within the study area. The walkover allowed for an assessment of the heritage significance of the built heritage assets by viewing their special characteristics, assessing the setting of the assets and what contribution setting makes to the value of the heritage assets.
1.4 Baseline Conditions
Geology and topography
1.4.1 Much of the present day city lies on the Birmingham Plateau, whose highest ground is on its south-western, western, and north-western sides, rising to just over 200m above sea level within the present city boundaries. As the name suggests Birmingham Plateau is a relatively flat area with few steep or abrupt slopes. The topography of the area is slopes from the Keuper Marl ridge that runs SW-NE across the Birmingham city centre to Sutton Coldfield in the NE, towards the NSE and the former flood plain of the River Rea, which forms the boundary between Digbeth and Deritend. The approximate height is 140m AOD at the start of the BEE at Bull Street to approximately 130m AOD at the termination point of the BEE on High Street Deritend.
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1.4.2 The sedimentary bedrock underlying the entirety of the proposed development area comprises of Bromsgrove Sandstone of the early Triassic Age, dating to approximately 252- 24 million years ago. The superficial geology underlying the majority of the proposed development area comprises of Glaciofluvial Deposits of sand and gravel of the Devensian Age dating to 115,000 – 10,000 years ago. High Street Deritend is underlain by Alluvium, comprising of compressible silty clay, silt, sand, peat and basal gravel, of the Flandrian Age dating from 12,000 years ago (Geology of Britain Viewer 2015). Due to the BEE’s inner city centre environment, Made Ground deposits and any worked ground should be anticipated along the whole length of the BEE. Made Ground is typically described as rubble comprising slag, clinker, brick, concrete, coal, mortar, ceramics, tile and ash; with sand, silt or gravel.
Designated Heritage Assets
1.4.3 There are 33 listed buildings and three conservation areas within the study area. Details on all of the conservation areas and listed buildings within the study area, including an assessment of their heritage value, can be found Annex A; Table 0.3.
Listed buildings
1.4.4 The following listed buildings are within the study area;
Grade I listed buildings
1.4.5 There are two Grade I listed buildings within the study area: Curzon Street L.M.S. Railway Goods Office (MM05)3 (approximately 20m from the BEE alignment). This 19th Century building is the world's oldest surviving piece of monumental railway architecture; and Cathedral Church of St Philip (MM06) (approximately 180m from the BEE alignment). The cathedral was consecrated in 1715 and incorporates work by notable figures including Thomas Archer, Sir Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris.
Grade II* listed buildings
1.4.6 There are six Grade II* listed buildings within the study area: The Old Crown Public House, High Street Deritend, this is the oldest surviving building in Birmingham (MM07); The Listed Building, Floodgate Street (formerly Floodgate School) (MM08); New Street City Arcade, New Street/Corporation St/Fore Street (MM09); Birmingham Gun Barrel Proof House, Andover Street (MM10); The Murdoch Chambers, Corporation Street (MM11); and Grand Hotel, Colmore Row (MM12).
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Grade II listed buildings
1.4.7 There are 25 Grade II listed buildings within the study area. Of these, the closest are within approximately 30m from the BEE alignment: Devonshire House, High Street Deritend (MM14); 224 & 225 Digbeth High Street (MM15); 85 Digbeth High Street (MM13); the Woodman Public House, New Canal Street (MM16); and St Michael’s Church, Moor Street Queensway (MM19).
1.4.8 A full list of all listed buildings within in the study area is set out at Table 2.3 in Annex A.
Conservation areas
1.4.9 The BEE will pass through three conservation areas:
Warwick Bar Conservation Area (MM01)
1.4.10 The part of the BEE located along New Canal Street falls within the Warwick Bar Conservation Area. The conservation area was designated in 1987 due to it containing the most complete canalside quarter in Birmingham (BCC, 1987). The Warwick Bar Conservation Area contains the most complete remaining canalside quarter in Birmingham. Its heritage value derives from a concentration of surviving canal structures, including basins, locks and wharves, together with a wide range of historic canal related warehousing and works. The area reflects the importance of the canal system in the growth and development of Birmingham’s trade and industry from the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century and the city’s history as a focus of the waterways.
Digbeth, Deritend and Bordesley High Street Conservation Area (MM02)
1.4.11 The part of the BEE which is located from Meriden Street along to its termination point on High Street Deritend is situated within this conservation area, designated in 2000 due to it containing the most significant remnants of medieval settlement in Birmingham (BCC, 2000). The report also states that ‘the conservation area also derives significance from its survival as an inner city industrial quarter with a good range of industrial and commercial buildings dating from the mid-19th to the mid-20th Century’.
Colmore Row and Environs Conservation Area (MM03)
1.4.12 The BEE on Corporation Street falls 30m within this conservation area. The character appraisal states ‘The conservation area lies at the civic and commercial heart of Birmingham and reflects its development from a prosperous market town to a great provincial city. Its significance lies in the quality and diversity of its architecture particularly that of the late
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nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and it contains a number of buildings of exceptional interest and national importance’.
Digbeth and Deritend Area of Archaeological Significance (MM04)
1.4.13 The BCC Archaeology Strategy (2004) outlines the Digbeth and Deritend Area of Archaeological Significance (BCC, 2004). This area has been specified due to the ‘extensive survival of well-preserved archaeological remains from the 12th century onwards’ that are ‘likely to be (present) along the whole of Digbeth and High Street Deritend’ (BCC, 2004). The document also outlines the importance of the surviving archaeology dating to the 18th and 19th centuries. The BEE falls within the area of archaeological significance from its location on Moor Street Queensway, to its termination on High Street Deritend.
Non designated heritage assets
1.4.14 There are 51 locally listed buildings in the study area. Birmingham City Council have graded the locally listed buildings based on their relative local value from A to C. Details on all locally listed buildings including an assessment of their heritage value can be found in Annex A; Table 0.4. Grade A locally listed buildings within the study area are listed below; 2 (Former Lloyds Bank), High Street Deritend (MM56) 115 (Police Station), Digbeth High Street (MM58) 4 and 6 (Former Deritend Library) Heath Mill Lane (MM64) 8a – 10 Bordsley Street (MM69) 135 and 136 (Key Brooks), Digbeth High Street (MM77)
Historic landscape evolution
1.4.15 Historic landscape evolution helps to assess how the designation of land has altered over time. A study of the characterisation maps online has shown that by 1340 the majority of the land surrounding the BEE was outdoor recreation including private grounds and residential and commercial to the north of Digbeth and along High Street Deritend. This reflects the archaeological record as we know Digbeth was occupied from the 12th Century with houses and workshops and continued to be settled throughout the medieval period.
1.4.16 By 1538 there is little difference apparent in the historic landscape. During the medieval period the residential and commercial activity remained segregated to the city centre and to the north side of Digbeth and High Street Deritend.
1.4.17 By 1750 the historic landscape surrounding New Canal Street was residential dwellings’. South of Digbeth and High Street Deritend where areas of residential terraces/flats alongside industrial and commercial premises including metalworking and related uses.
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1.4.18 By the 1880s the majority of the historic landscape in the eastside of the city is characterised by residential, commercial and industrial areas.
1.4.19 By 1920 the historic landscape of the city centre is mostly commercial and there are far fewer residential areas to the Eastside. There was network of trams across the city including the eastside of Birmingham. For example, trams with full catenary were operational all along Digbeth and Deritend from the late 19th Century until the early 1950s.
1.4.20 By 1980 the majority of the areas through which the BEE passes are described mixed industrial and commercial much like today. The BEE does not pass through any other ‘Residential’ areas, reflecting the nature of the Eastside of the city as no longer a residential area by the end of the 20th Century.
Historic Landscape Character Areas
BCA98 Central Birmingham's 'Civic & Business District' HLC Area
1.4.21 The BCC HLC describes Birmingham’s central 'Civic & Business District' which includes many of Birmingham's main civic/public/religious buildings close to ‘The Minories Courts & Shopping Arcade’ (1991-93), re-using the 1880-90s Lewis's department store buildings & including the Friends' Meeting House (built 1703, enlarged in 1778, 1792, re-built in 1856-7). The legibility of the historic city has been substantially removed by 19th and 20th Century commercialisation. Within the study area a distinct boundary between the two is provided by Moor Street Queensway and Park Street. Buildings to the west form a physical and aesthetic boundary, with continuous frontages creating a varied streetscape of building heights, mass and materials.
BCA59 Digbeth/Deritend (excluding High Street) - West Bordesley HLC Area
1.4.22 The BEE extends east towards across the Park Street Burial Ground and close to the grade I listed Curzon Street L.M.S. Railway Goods Office (MM1) where the surrounding area is less built up and features the Eastside City Park. The land below Curzon Street, once covered by railway wharves and sidings, allows good views west from the canal which connect the area to the city centre. Beyond Jennens Road the Warwick Bar Conservation Area reaches up to Ashted Top Lock and is confined to the canal and towpath. Here the buildings which are traditionally clustered around the canal have been cleared and Aston Science Park provides an uncharacteristic setting.
1.4.23 Further south along New Canal Street there area is characterised by industrial/trading premises/estates, which most often re-use pre-existing works/warehouses, many of which in their turn replaced (since 1930s) a mixture of 19th Century courtyard (incl. back to back) terraces & earlier industrial units. It also includes retail premises, mainly along Lawley/Watery Lane Middleway, but also housed in former industrial units elsewhere in the area (e.g. M. Latif's store). M. Latif & Sons' warehouse (1990s) re-uses the former Typhoo tea packing 20 MMD/300207/HS30/DOC/0000/1041 B August 2016 http://pims01/pims/llisapi.dll?func=ll&objId=2091112192&objAction=browse&viewType=1
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works & warehouse (1930s) on Typhoo Wharf (previously Bordesley Wharf since c. 1800). Nearby several stores (including M. Latif & Sons) re-use the buildings of 1920s Solar Works (electric fittings), works built on site of older courtyard terraces.
1.4.24 Some businesses have survived on their original sites. Cerro EMS Ltd. (non-ferrous forgings) continues Deritend Stamping Co., which was originally Brass & Alloy Pressings Ltd. (1890s). MacDermid UK Plc. Albion Works (1940s) continues Ludlow Brothers Ltd.'s galvanised iron works (founded in 1868). Sulzer Dowding & Mills (UK) Ltd. moves to current site ca. 1947-49 & expands massively after 1970 at the expense of courtyard terraces.
1.4.25 The Bordesley Railway Viaduct is not included in the designation of the Lawley Street Railway Viaduct (grade II), but is still considered to be of heritage value and is on the BCC local list. It is constructed in a simpler girder style than the Lawley Street Railway Viaduct, completed in 1839, and consists of 28 arches of blue brick with stone voussoirs. The structure was heightened in the 1840s as the line was extended in New Street.
1.4.26 The BEE then extends south along Meriden Street towards Digbeth through the Warwick Bar Conservation Area where a significant number of buildings in the conservation area are vacant or underused and/or suffer from lack of maintenance. This detracts from the quality and interest both of the buildings themselves and of the local street scene and degrades the character of the area as a whole (BCC, 2008).
1.4.27 Where Meriden Street meets Digbeth High Street, medieval building plots are still discernible within the present landscape.
BCA106 Central Birmingham's Commercial and Historic Core HLC Area
1.4.28 Where the BEE meets Digbeth and Deritend High Street it enters into central Birmingham's commercial and historic core. This has developed since the 1100s around St. Martin's Church, the Manor & Parsonage moated houses and along the roads leading up to them, including along Digbeth & Deritend's High Street, over the Rea into Bordesley manor.
1.4.29 This area has acquired its current character, dominated by retail premises and office buildings, during the massive re-development of the 1960-70s, when most of the existing structures were replaced or re-built e.g. the Bull Ring shopping centre mall was built and the Wholesale Markets greatly extended when the Queensway inner ring road system (including the now re-developed Masshouse Circus interchange) was laid out and then New Street and part of High Street pedestrianised. The whole area was then redeveloped in the late 1990s to early 2000s with the extensive redevelopment of the Bullring Shopping Centre, St Martin's Square, Markets and the car park on Park Street. The character of the area was altered significantly looking towards the NW by these developments.
1.4.30 On the High Street a variety of small buildings on medieval plots were replaced by a four- storey principal frontage range of fifteen bays, containing offices and workshops (1902, 1908,
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1913). South & City College Birmingham, opened its Digbeth Campus in 2002-03 on site of St. Michael's School and extended it in 2010-11 on the site of the inter-war Smithfield Garage.
1.4.31 Before the 1960s, the area also including a significant amount of (mainly small- & medium- sized) industrial premises, as well as back-to-back & street-facing courtyard terraces, which have gradually been demolished after 1920.
1.4.32 At the eastern end along High Street Deritend where the BEE will terminate close to the Grade II listed Old Crown Public House the historic landscape character has been greatly diminished by the constructed of the dual carriageway in the 1950s. Along High Street Deritend, retail establishments sit alongside other leisure establishments such as public houses. The north side of the high street consists mainly of 18th-19th century buildings, nine of which are listed and 25 of which are locally listed. The south side of the high street consists mainly of late 20th and 21st Century buildings and warehouses of no architectural merit, with some open spaces where buildings have been demolished. High Street Deritend is built over the River Rea which drains to the north-east. The area to the west of the River Rea is Digbeth, and the area to the east is Deritend.
1.4.33 The dynamic nature of the study area has resulted in significant late 20th century commercial and residential developments, road networks and areas of recreation, both within the city centre and the suburbs. This has had a dramatic impact on the built form and continues to influence its evolution (HS2, 2013).
Area of Archaeological Significance
1.4.34 The BCC Archaeology Strategy states the Digbeth and Deritend Area of Archaeological Significance was recognised due to the “extensive survival of well-preserved archaeological remains from the 12th century onwards” that are “likely to be (present) along the whole of Digbeth and High Street Deritend”. (BCC, 2004). However, previous excavations along the Digbeth/Deritend High Corridor have proved the medieval and post-medieval archaeology is deeply buried often at depths between 2m and 3m below ground level.
Historic map regression
1.4.35 Table 1.1 below lists the historical maps consulted alongside notes of what has been deduced from the consultations. On each map which has been reproduced for this assessment; MMD- 300207-HS3-DRA-0000-0005 & MMD-300207-HS3-DRA-0000-0006, a red line has been added to show the BEE.
Table 1.1: Historic map regression Map Map Cartographer and date illustration details Description 1553 MMD- Joseph Hill’s This conjectural map was produced in 1890. It is based on
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Map Map Cartographer and date illustration details Description 300207- conjectural plan of evidence from historic records and represents a valuable HS3—DRA- Birmingham produced piece of evidence because it used evidence that was lost 0000-0005 in 1890. during the fire that destroyed the original Birmingham Library as well as other surviving sources. The Priory Hospital (now Bull Street) is shown. Digbeth is names as ‘Well Street, from the many springs in its neighbourhood’. These numerous watercourses seem to have been used from the earliest periods of the town’s history. The south side of ‘Dygbeth’ with free tenants and Lord of the Manor dwellings also shown with ‘Colmgrea tan yard’ to the west of the River Rea crossing with ‘Elmsgree Tan Yard’ to its immediate south’ St John’s Chapel and the Old Crown House also shown with various free tenants on either side of the Deritend road here. Dygbeth and Deritend separated by ‘Cawsey’ to the immediate west of the bridge of the River Rea. The course of the River Rea and the series of springs and streams on the south side of Digbeth must have discouraged housing development there; instead, the 1553 survey records a series of meadows, deerpark, corn mills, pools and watercourses belonging to the manor house, which occupied the large site to the south of St Martin’s Church 1731 MMD- Map of Birmingham This early map illustrates how the east side of Birmingham 300207- Surveyed in the Year was mostly undeveloped in the mid- 18th century. New HS3—DRA- 1731, Westley Canal Street which the BEE runs along (parallel to Park 0000-0005 Street) is not yet built. In its place are fields which appear to be subject to field boundaries and possibly used as orchards or nursery grounds. The maps shows St Martins and ‘Cock or Well Street’ leading from it, towards Digbeth and ‘Deretend’ (High Street Deritend). A small settlement of possibly nine buildings are encircled by what appears to be a moat, situated south-east of St Martins Church. This is labelled ‘The Ancient seat of the Lord Birmingham’, and is thought to refer to the moated manor house noted by Hodder (Hodder, 2011; MM100). East of the moated manor, ‘Lloyds Slitting & Corn Mills’ (MM122) is situated and the HER data suggests this was the site of a mill from the 16th century onwards (Annex A). A bridge is situated on High Street Deritend, over the River Rea (MM125) and south-east of this St John’s Chapel is recorded (MM110). This chapel also had a small burial ground surrounding it. The areas surrounding Digbeth and High Street Deritend are mostly undeveloped. 1732 See Figure Westley’s south Westley’s prospect of the town, drawn up in 1731, shows a 1.1 prospect of wide stone bridge carried over the River Rea on three Birmingham piers, demonstrating that the river was spanned by a stone bridge from at least the early 18th century. The Prospect has a number of pieces of distinct evidence that support the archaeological and historical evidence, In particular square pits and drying posts are shown in the back-plots along Floodgate Street associated with the tanning industry. 1750 MMD- Map of Birmingham This map details St Bartholomew’s Chapel and surrounding 300207- Surveyed by Samuel burial ground, to the north of Park Street (MM103). This HS3—DRA- Bradford and Thomas burial ground was extensively cleared by 1961, and the
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Map Map Cartographer and date illustration details Description 0000-0005 Jefferys majority of the church was demolished by 1943. It is considered few buried remains relating to the church or burial ground survive. The area west of Park Street labelled ‘Land for Building’ in Westley’s 1731 map appears to have been built on by 1750. The east side of Birmingham remains mostly undeveloped, and New Canal Street is still not built. Again the moated manor is detailed at the top of Digbeth (in this instance labelled ‘The Moat’) and the bridge is present over the River Rea. To the east of Lloyds Mill, on this map labelled ‘ Lloyds Slitting Mill’ (suggesting it no longer functioned as a corn mill by this date) a space labelled ‘Mill Yard’ is situated. This is thought to have been an area where multiple activities relating to the mill took place, including an area to bring the raw materials to. The map suggests there was little development made to Digbeth and High Street Deritend from 1731-1750, where the street is still surrounded by open fields. Heath Mill was situated on an island in the Rea, astride the Birmingham- Aston parish boundary and about 500m downstream from Deritend Bridge. The present day line of the Rea represents a bypass leat which looped around Heath Mill from the floodgates in the early post-medieval period. The mill lay at the end of a widened section of the river serving as the mill-pond, and was the manorial corn mill for Birmingham. The mill leat and floodgates are shown, and the mill buildings appear to have been constructed on a raised piece of land at the centre of the River Rea, with waterwheels on either side. The 17th century Flood Gates (to which the street name Floodgate Street refers) were part of the Heath Mill and are shown. . 1778 MMD- Map of Birmingham There appears to have been little development to the study 300207- Survey’d by Hanson area by this date. There is some development along HS3—DRA- Floodgate Street and Mill Lane (north of Deritend High 0000-0005 Street) where new buildings either side of the roads seem to have been erected, connected with the tanning industry (as shown on previous maps). 1779 MMD- Map of Birmingham as This map is less detailed than the previous maps, however 300207- surveyed by Snape still illustrates that there was some development south-east HS3—DRA- Park Street. This map indicates that additional buildings 0000-0006 were erected in this area, connecting it with the buildings off of Digbeth. There are still large expanses of undeveloped land to the east of Birmingham in 1779. 1795 MMD- Map of Birmingham as This map shows that by 1795, ‘Canal Street’ (now named 300207- surveyed by Pye New Canal Street) leading on to Meriden Street had been HS3—DRA- built. The BEE will run along these roads towards Digbeth, 0000-0006 however this map shows that in 1795, Meriden Street had not yet been extended to meet Digbeth. Again this is not a detailed map, however is indicative of vast development to the east side of the city. East of Canal Street, a network of new roads had been built in a grid system where buildings labelled ‘Steam’ and ‘Mills’ is indicative of industrial activity having taken place in this area. Further roads were added south of Digbeth and High Street Deritend. 1810 MMD- Map of Birmingham as To the east of Park Street, this map indicates two areas of
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Map Map Cartographer and date illustration details Description 300207- surveyed by Kempson land labelled ‘Burial Ground’. This refers to ‘Park Street HS3—DRA- Gardens Burial Ground’ (MM153) which acted as an 0000-0006 overspill burial ground for St Martin’s, located to the south- west. This map suggests that buildings continued to be erected south of the High Street Deritend, indicated by the shaded areas. Kempson’s survey of 1794 shows the water from the Rea had been diverted into the former mill leat and this leat now represented the new course of the river. On this map the original course of the river is referred to as the ‘Back Brooke’. 1824 MMD- Map of Birmingham as This map shows also illustrates the areas labelled ‘Burial 300207- surveyed by Piggot Ground’ east of Park Street (MM137). Although unclear, HS3—DRA- Smith this map shows that development to the east side of the 0000-0006 city continued into the early 19th century. West of New Canal Street, residential housing was built to accommodate the growing population (Richards 2007). More roads and buildings appear on this map in the fields which were shown to be undeveloped throughout the 18th century. The map shows that the area where the moated manor at Digbeth once stood has by 1824 been demolished, the moat been filled, and the Smithfield Market built on this site. 1855 Not Map of Birmingham This map also marks the Park Street Burial Ground reproduced unknown cartographer (MM119). To the north-east of this, Curzon Street Railway Goods Office (MM1) is visible. The Great Western Railway lines are also visible on the map, stretching across the landscape which appears entirely built up by this period. This map shows few open fields or undeveloped parts to the east side of the city. 1890 Not Birmingham OS 1st Here the areas previously marked at the Park Street Burial reproduced edition Sheet 65 Ground (MM119) are here labelled ‘Park Street Gardens’. By 1873, the area was no longer used as burial grounds, and it was transformed in public gardens. This map details the rail lines running out of Curzon Street Good Station (MM05) and gives the indication that by this period, the east side of the city had been subject to a vast amount of development, where new rail lines, roads and buildings are evident all over the area. 1905 Not Birmingham OS 2nd This map does not show the entirety of the study area. It reproduced edition Sheet 65 details the viaduct situated south of Curzon Street Goods Station (MM05), which stretched over New Canal Street where the BEE will operate. Again, this is a detailed map showing what some of the buildings in the Deritend and Digbeth areas were used for; for example one building to the south of Digbeth high street is labelled ‘Meat Market & Public Slaughter House’. 1918 Not Birmingham OS 3rd This map does not show the entirety of the study area. reproduced edition Sheet 65 Labels associated with individual buildings on this map give insight into the industrial nature of the Eastside of the city in 1918. Labels such as ‘Rolling Mills’ and ‘Carriage Works’ provide this information.
1937 Not Birmingham OS 4th This map does not show the entirety of the study area. It
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Map Map Cartographer and date illustration details Description reproduced edition Sheet 65 gives indication to the industrial activities taking place in the Birmingham east side in the mid-20th century; buildings are labelled with titles such as ‘Solar Works’, ‘Machine Tool Works’, ‘Hide and Skin Market’ or simply ‘Warehouses’. This map reflects the nature of the area in this time period, where the vast majority of the buildings were used for industrial rather than residential purposes. 1960 Not Birmingham OS map The later OS maps from the 1960s and the 1970s show the reproduced expansion of the Digbeth and High Street Deritend dual carriageway covering the previous building plots which existing on the south side of the original High Street.
Source: BCC Birmingham Heritage and Archives Service at the Library of Birmingham
Pictorial evidence
1.4.36 All of the following pieces of pictorial evidence were supplied by the BCC Birmingham Heritage and Archives Services at the Library of Birmingham.
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Figure 1.1: Westley’s prospect of the town, drawn up in 1731, showing stone bridge over the River Rea
Source: Birmingham Heritage and Archives Services at the Library of Birmingham.
Figure 1.2: The 14th Century Chapel (MM110)
Source: Birmingham Heritage and Archives Services at the Library of Birmingham.
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Figure 1.3: St John’s Chapel, 1764 Figure 1.4: St John’s Chapel, 1930
Source: Birmingham Heritage and Archives Services at Source: Birmingham Heritage and Archives Services at the Library of Birmingham. the Library of Birmingham.
Figure 1.5: High Street Deritend, 1887. This early photography details buildings on the southern side of High Street Deritend. None of these buildings survive, apart from the Golden Lion Public House which was re-erected in Cannon Hill Park
Source: Birmingham Heritage and Archives Services at the Library of Birmingham.
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Figure 1.6: High Street Deritend, September 1902. This photograph looks west along High Street Deritend, displaying the Old Crown (MM07) and Devonshire Works (MM9) in the background. The pigs are being taken to Smithfield Market.
Source: Birmingham Heritage and Archives Services at the Library of Birmingham.
Previous archaeological works
1.4.37 Previous archaeological works and relating reports were consulted as part of this baseline report and the events that have taken place within the study area provided by the Historic Environment Record are included in Annex A.
1.4.38 Archaeological excavations carried out by the University of Leicester produced floral remains indicative of purposeful clearing and manipulation of the environment (Higgins & Score 2009). This excavation was located west of Curzon Street Railway Goods Office (MM05), and approximately 10m west of the BEE alignment. Nearby, excavations and evaluations carried out at Park Street Burial Gardens (MM137) and St Bartholomew’s Chapel Burial Ground (MM103) uncovered the extent of the burial grounds used to the eastside of the city in the post-medieval period. Prior to the 1990s, little archaeological work was conducted in Digbeth and Deritend High Street.
1.4.39 In 1953, the road along High Street Deritend was widened into a dual carriageway, where salvage observation recording revealed remains dating to the medieval period along the old high street. This was one of the first pieces of archaeological work which determined that some archaeological remains dating from the medieval period have survived in the Digbeth and High Street Deritend areas. Due to the construction activities and in filling following developments like the road widening and erection of the warehouses on the south side of the
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high street, it is possible that such archaeology has been substantially damaged during the modern period, but the footings may still exist beneath the road surface. An example of these buildings is provided by the Grade II listed Golden Lion Inn, a medieval timber-frame building dismantled and rebuilt in the Cannon Hill Park during the 1950s widening. This was originally located east of St John's Chapel on Deritend High Street, south of the road.
Historical and archaeological background
Early Prehistoric
Palaeolithic 450,000 – 12,000 BC
1.4.40 Evidence of human activity during the Late Palaeolithic – Early Mesolithic period was found in an area of land west of Banbury Street opposite the Curzon Street Railway Goods Office (ibid 2009). This is situated approximately 10m west of the BEE alignment. Several layers of organic clay were identified at the Birmingham City University Eastside Campus Banbury Street Excavation, preserving floral remains that were radiocarbon dated to the Late Palaeolithic to Early Mesolithic period (Higgins & Score 2009). Two worked flints (MM114) and pine charcoal (indicative of a purposeful burning and clearing of the area) were found and dated to the same period. Archaeological works on the site ‘produced significant results including information on the environment for the Late Upper Palaeolithic to Early Mesolithic and human activity and possibly manipulation of the local environment’ (ibid, 2009).
Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC
1.4.41 Other than remains found at the Banbury Street site (above) no further archaeological remains dating from the Mesolithic period have been found within the study area.
Late Prehistoric
Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC
1.4.42 A stone axe, named the Deritend Polished Stone Axe (MM174), was dated to the early Neolithic to early Bronze Age. The axe was made from stone from Langdale in the Lake District and is indicative of trading links across the country (Hodder, 2011).
Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC
1.4.43 No archaeological remains dating from the Bronze Age period have been found within the study area.
Iron Age 600 BC - AD 43
1.4.44 No archaeological remains dating from the Iron Age have been found within the study area.
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Roman AD 43 - 410
1.4.45 A Roman coin was found in a garden within the study area, although the precise location is not known (MM156). The coin is a Dupondius (a large, bronze, cast coin) of Vespasian who was Roman Emperor from 69 A.D. – 79 A.D (BBC, 2015).
Early medieval AD 410 - 1066
1.4.46 There is no early medieval archaeological evidence within the study area, or indeed Birmingham in general, however most of the early place-names in Birmingham are of early- medieval (Saxon) origin, suggesting there were settlements in and around the city during this period (BCC, 2004). Birmingham derives from the Anglo-Saxon place name ‘Beorma-inga- ham’ ("the homestead of Beorma") or Beorma -inga -ham ("the homestead of the tribe or people of Beorma"). Beorma is the name most commonly given to the 7th century Anglo- Saxon founder of Birmingham. Digbeth is thought to have derived from the Anglo Saxon word ‘dic’, a variation of the work ‘dyke’ thought to refer to the embankment alongside the River Rea. Hodder (2011) argues there is the possibility that the moat surrounding the 12th century manor house (MM100) located to the west of Deritend High Street could possibly date from the late 10th or 11th century. This is based on the moat’s apparent shape and size (as seen on Sheriff’s map of 1808), likening it to a 9th century moat found in Lincolnshire (Hodder, 2011). However Hodder concedes this is minimal evidence and suggests only a possible theory for the moat dating to the early medieval period. The extent of early medieval Birmingham is suggested as being between Curzon Street and Hockley Brook and a fragment of possible early medieval pottery was found at Moor Street (Burrows and Mould 2000). It has also been suggested that the area around Digbeth where the medieval centre of Birmingham was located would have been an attractive place for early medieval settlement and it may be that the expansion of the later medieval town has eradicated much of the ephemeral evidence for earlier settlement (Basset, 2001).
1.4.47 A site in Hockley would have been more central to the manor. In 1783 William Hutton recorded a moated site here, the residence of Sir Thomas de Birmingham. Although Sir Thomas had inherited the manor in 1390 from his brother John, he could not gain the manor house until John's widow died. So he built himself a 'castle' at 'Warstone near the Sandpits'. It was surrounded by a square moat typical of that date, but it is possible that the site is earlier. Alternatively, a site on Easy Hill between the top of New Street and the beginning of Broad Street is also a possibility.
Medieval AD 1066 – 1550
1.4.48 In total there are 22 features dating to the medieval period within the study area, as supplied by the HER (these are all listed in Annex A). They consist of one chapel and burial ground (MM110); one building or foundations of buildings (MM07; MM112); one moat (MM100); three boundary ditches (MM97-98 & MM113) ; and four find spots (consisting mainly of medieval pottery) (MM109, MM187, MM119 & MM130). There is a known medieval tail race (MM116;
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MM126) of a water mill and industries such as leather tanning and a large flax retting pit pool at Deritend Bridge (MM117 & MM127).
The Priory or Hospital of St Thomas
1.4.49 The archaeological evidence for St Thomas’s Priory or Hospital (MM147), which existed by 1286, is scant but human remains have been found around it during later development, such as the Upper Minories and Corporation Street, which indicate the extent of its graveyard. Human bones have been found south-west of Bull Street and there have been various theories by historians such as the possibility of an earlier church on this site, but these bones may have been much older (Hodder, 2011).
Birmingham medieval town and environs
1.4.50 Birmingham was a ‘new creation of the 12th century’ (ibid). Before this time, there were only scattered settlements dating to the Anglo Saxon period, located within what is today regarded as the city of Birmingham. The new town of Birmingham was located to the west of Deritend High Street and consisted of a moated manor house (MM100; thought to have been built in the mid-12th century), parish church (later established as St Martin’s Church in the 13th century) and possible original market place between them. A small deer park and small row of houses were also located here. The right to hold market is recorded to have been granted to Peter de Birmingham, Lord of the manor house, in 1166, and this was the catalyst that led to the sudden rapid expansion of the town along Digbeth and the High Street Deritend (Buteux, 2003).
1.4.51 Documentary sources suggest that the textile industry was prominent in the Digbeth area of Birmingham throughout the medieval period, but evidence for this does not appear within Birmingham HER data as evidence for the woollen and flax industry is notoriously difficult to establish through archaeological evidence in comparison with the tanning and metal industries that have provided good survival.
1.4.52 A site situated at the crossing of Floodgate Street and High Street Deritend provided evidence of occupation during the 12th—13th centuries (MM187). A ditch along the high street frontage may have been the result of a causeway up to the bridge crossing the River Rea (Hodder, 2011; MM125), supporting the historical evidence that refers to the bridge and 'causey' across the River Rea (Demidowicz, 2008). Other ditches would have formed tenement boundaries for medieval dwellings. Medieval pottery sherds at the Floodgate Street site (MM187), indicate occupation may have ceased here by 1250-1300. It is possible that the occupants of the settlement moved elsewhere due to the River Rea flooding the area.
1.4.53 Although pottery was imported from a variety of sources (Coventry, Worcestershire, Staffordshire and even the Mediterranean) pottery was also being made in Birmingham in the 12th and 13th centuries. Although no kilns have been found, waste piles of discarded pottery either over or under fired indicates the location of where working kilns were once located.
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Fragments of misfired jugs and cooking pots were located on the south side of Deritend High Street following the road widening in 1953 (MM179). This particular style of pottery was named ‘Deritend Ware’. To the rear of The Old Crown (MM07), large quantities of over/under fired medieval pottery were found (MM109) indicating the location of pottery production was occurring across the general area of the Old Crown. The location of the kilns associated with Deritend Ware has never been proved and consideration should be given to this and the possibility (however slight) that it might be near St John’s. Part of the clay used in this pottery was Mercia Mudstone, and would have been sourced locally where this clay underlies the Deritend area. It is most likely it came from pits dug to extract clay that were found the other side of Heath Mill Lane at sites excavated on the Custard Factory in 1999 and to the rear of the Old Crown in 2008. The clay used for the decorative parts of Deritend Ware would have been sourced from further afield, resulting in pottery imitating north French decorative styles of approximately 1300. The same type of pottery is thought to have been made at ‘several locations stretching from Deritend High Street up to Moor Street’ where kilns are likely to have been situated in the back yards of the houses along the High Street. This suggests it was an area of both concentrated industrial and residential activity in the medieval period (ibid). Worked animal bone was located at Hartwell Smithfield Garage, indicating a workshop using animal bone to create items such as handles.
1.4.54 There is evidence of a blacksmith’s workshop having been situated on Gibb Street during the 13th – 14th century (MM108). Slag from ironworking thought to date from the 15th – 16th centuries was found at Park Street and Floodgate Street (20m north of the BEE alignment) and a fragment of a crucible and coal (the fuel for the process) found at Moor Street (200m east of the BEE alignment). This suggests that the area had metal smithing activities during the medieval period (Hewitson, 2010).
1.4.55 Further settlement is thought to have been situated around the area of the Hartwell Smithfield Garage to the west of Floodgate Street, where ditches containing pottery dating from the 13th – 14th centuries (MM166) were found which indicate an early medieval settlement.
1.4.56 Two human burials were located near to the street frontage of Park Street (approximately 150m east of the BEE alignment). The bodies were identified as a young male and middle aged female, possibly buried from as early as the 13th century, but sherds of pottery dating from the 17th century means they could have been buried much later. Therefore speculation lies on whether the burials were result of the bubonic plague (14th century), the ‘Battle of Birmingham’ (17th century) or something else (Buteux, 2003). They were buried outside of the boundaries of the Park Street Burial Ground (MM137).
1.4.57 The original St John’s Chapel (MM110) is thought to have been built in the second half of the 14th century, and was located on the southern front of the Deritend High Street (approximately 10m south of the BEE alignment and approximately 140m south-west of the Old Crown (MM07) was built as a chapel of ease to allow parishioners in the Parish of Deritend to attend church without visiting the church at Aston. The chapel was demolished and rebuilt in 1791, and later demolished in 1938. Floor stones were the only remnants of the
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14th century chapel, but it was made clear that the 18th century chapel was built on the same alignment to the previous one. A burial ground, known as ‘Deritend Burial Ground’ is thought to have once surrounded St John’s Chapel. The chapel was situated under the modern day dual carriageway.
1.4.58 Pottery dating to the late 15th – early 16th century was also found at Floodgate Street suggesting there was renewed activity occupation across the area during the late-medieval period (Hodder, 2011). The water supply from the River Rea means this activity may have been industrial as well as residential, where ‘development along the main roads leading to (St Martins) including Digbeth and Deritend High Street’ took place in this period (ibid, 2011). A water system with leats was excavated containing the remains of cattle and animal bones associated with the tanning industry (Hewitson 2011). This was supplied by the River Rea and a series of ditches to the rear of the properties north of Digbeth. A similar system of ditches supplied the mill pool under the Digbeth Coach Station that supplied the Lloyds Slitting Mill (Wessex Archaeology 2010). The area relied on the springs that rose on the Keuper Marl Ridge that fed these ditches to provide the water supplies for the tanning and retting (flax and hemp) industries which were water reliant during the industrial processes. Hodder suggests that the Deritend High Street would have consisted of back-to-back houses along the street front alternated with workshops carrying out processes such as tanning, metalworking and pottery making.
1.4.59 By the 16th century, ‘although agriculture remained an important element in the economy of the town, this was of minor importance compared with the manufacturing and trade activities taking place’ in Birmingham (Hodder, 2011). During the medieval period settlement appears to have been focused near St Martin’s Church and on the eastern side of Deritend, with much infilling along Digbeth and High Street Deritend. There was evidence for linen, rope and canvas manufacture found at Park Street (approximately 180m east of the BEE alignment) and further evidence to suggest cattle were kept here in the 15-16th centuries. The ‘thriving cattle market’ of Birmingham in the medieval period provided the raw material for the tanning industry that took place at Park Street, Edgbaston Street (approximately 230m east of the BEE alignment) and possibly along Deritend High Street intermittently during the medieval period. Evidence of this industry includes pits lined with clay or timber to hold tanning liquor in which the hides were soaked, pieces of bone to scrape the hides and the cores of cattle horns and foot bones being found in these areas.
Post medieval AD 1550 - 1900
1.4.60 Birmingham was subject to staggering expansion in the post-medieval period; in 1600 the population was 5,000 and by 1900 the population was over 500,000.
1.4.61 The hearth tax returns of 1683 noted that of the 202 forges in Birmingham, more than half of them were located on Edgbaston Street and on or off of High Street Deritend. Tools, nails and swords were produced in these metalworking workshops, where one blade mill located on the River Rea supplied the Parliamentary army with 15,000 swords during the Civil War (Buteux,
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2003). The expansion of the metal-working industry began to occur in the 17th century as a result of the expansion of the iron production on the Birmingham Plateau to the west. The production increased markedly after the Civil War finding markets for military equipment in the Irish Campaigns and for the markets in London including nails and domestic fittings and fixtures after the Great Fire of London. Out of this developed the ‘toy’ market as there was a rise in consumerism in the 17th and 18th century. The hearths referred to were not necessarily for metal production but the quantity suggests an increase in 'workshop' production in small hearths located along the Digbeth and Deritend High Street (Hewitson pers comm.).
1.4.62 At Hartwell Smithfield Garage (MM129, MM130), these waterlogged deposits preserved leather, wood and pottery dating from the 16th-19th centuries (ibid). New workshops were set up and altered to utilise the Digbeth area as effectively as possible and create as much product as possible.
1.4.63 Industrial activity not only continued, but increased within the study area in the post-medieval period. In the 17th – 18th centuries, deliberate dumping occurred on waterlogged deposits at both Hartwell Smithfield Garage and Floodgate Street to make more land suitable for building (Litherland & Moscrop, 1996). Evidence of the flax industry was uncovered at a site on Rea Street immediately south of the high street and west of the River Rea which remains unpublished (referenced in Hewitson, 2010).
1.4.64 The ‘toy’ industry (meaning small metal pieces such as buttons and buckles) was hugely successful and multiple workshops were located in the Digbeth and Deritend area over the 17th-late 18th centuries.
1.4.65 Leather tanning was still an important industry in Digbeth and Deritend areas in the post- medieval period, where new tanning workshops were established near to the River Rea in the 17th and 18th centuries. The main site as shown on Bickley and Hill’s 1980 survey was known as Tanner’s Row. One of the larger of these was excavated on Floodgate Street (MM123), a tanning site which operated from the medieval period onwards. Here, a large, post-medieval tank or pool measuring 20m x 9m was found, which included large quantities of wood, leather, animal hair and animal bone.
1.4.66 In a pit located on Park Street (approximately 250m west of the BEE alignment), a late 17th century wooden chair was found almost completely intact, with remnant of the leather seat and organic stuffing surviving (MM232). This was possibly discarded from a house clearance, where it is believed that the wealthier inhabitants moved out of this area and out of the city centre towards the end of the eighteenth century, due to the industrial revolution.
1.4.67 Industrial activity increased along with the population, and by 1769 the medieval market place was very congested, ‘completely choked by buildings and filth’ (ibid). Parliamentary laws introduced in the 18th century aimed to segregate activity in the town, so that industrial activity
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was concentrated to the Digbeth, Digbeth market place and Deritend areas and residential areas resided in the north/west of the city.
1.4.68 During the evaluation trenches and further excavations at the Digbeth Coach Station site (MM169) (Wessex Archaeology 2010) a buried surface was revealed which contained ivory working offcuts with pottery, bottle glass and clay pipe of 17th and 18th cent date. There was also some residual medieval pottery in this deposit, and later deposits contained shell button making waste. Trench and test pits revealed a possible soil containing medieval pottery and overlain by a deposit containing worked ivory, post-medieval pottery, a late 17th to early 18th century glass bottle and a late 17th to early 18th century clay pipe, and coal and glassy or puffed charcoal. A pearl oyster shell in a modern layer is a waste piece from the manufacture of mother-of-pearl buttons.
1.4.69 Evidence of iron smithing and casting dating from the 18th century was found on Park Street, as well as pieces of crucibles and the presence of copper of zinc, indicative of brass working (MM107). These have been suggested to include unusual alloys associated with gunmetal and provide evidence of the gun industry in this area (Patrick and Ratkai, 2008).
1.4.70 Large amounts of worked animal bone were found on Park Street, dating from the late 17th – early 18th century (MM161), suggesting the industry continued in the area from the medieval period onwards. Sheep bone worked into knifes, spoons, spatulas and nit combs suggest workshops in the area produced such items. Also horn cores discovered at Edgbaston Street, Floodgate Street and Gibb Street. These a by-product of butchery, the tanning industry but also show evidence of horn-working, an important medieval and early post-medieval industry.
1.4.71 Hemp remains found as palaeoenvironmental seeds were found in pits dating to the mid-18th century on Park Street (MM214). This suggested that the textile industry continued in this area during the post-medieval period and also supports the production of rope or textiles. Hemp was not used for clothing generally – flax was used for linen. Furthermore multiple fruits and vegetable remains suggest that food was traded in Digbeth area. Further evidence of luxurious fruits such as figs and grapes, and flowers such as roses, has led some to argue that grand town houses may have been situated on the street frontage of Park Street with workshops operating to the rear (ibid).
1.4.72 Buttons were not only made of metal, but also of shell and bone. Evidence for the manufacture of buttons, usually in the form of blanks and mother-of-pearl discs, were found on Gibb Street, Deritend High Street opposite The Old Crown (MM07) and on Floodgate Street, indicating it was a prominent industry in the area in the 18th – 19th centuries.
1.4.73 Terraced housing was erected in the areas between Park Street and New Canal Street by 1824, and an archaeological evaluation carried out by the University of Leicester Archaeological Services in 2007 uncovered evidence of extensive cellarage across the whole of the site (Richards, 2007).
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1.4.74 Two burial grounds dating to the post-medieval period are included within the study area. In 1878 an Act of Parliament was obtained by Birmingham Corporation, with consent from the Bishop of Worcester, to acquire closed neglected burial grounds and to turn them into areas of recreation (see section 1.4.77).
1.4.75 During the 19th century, the area surrounding the River Rea at the High Street Deritend was raised by two-three metres in some places, to counteract flooding and enable more space for new buildings to be erected (Conway, 2002). This means any archaeology will be very well sealed beneath these deep made ground deposits. This supported by evaluation conducted in 2001 (Williams 2002) and excavation in 2008 that revealed evidence of over 2m of buried deposits below the current ground level on sites south of the Digbeth High Street either side of the River Rea.
1.4.76 Pottery continued to be produced in eastside of the city; flower pots with drainage holes were produced on Floodgate Street (indicated by large amounts of waste) and similar remains were found on Park Street, thought to have been used in the gardens of the Georgian town houses here (Patrick and Ratkai 2008).
1.4.77 By the middle of the nineteenth century the River Rea, always prone to flood, had become seriously polluted. A scheme for improvement was first put forward in 1888. In 1890 it was decided to improve the river along its course through the city, a distance of approximately four miles, to prevent flooding and the accumulation of toxic sediment.
1.4.78 The works, completed in 1893, were considerable and included deepening the river channel, constructing a brick culvert and rebuilding bridges. Behind the High Street frontage, housing, largely composed of courts of back to backs, was the principal form of development in the nineteenth century. From the mid-century onwards, a range of community facilities was provided by religious charities and by the Corporation to serve the large local population. These included Birmingham’s first branch library, opened on Heath Mill Lane in 1866, the Free Christian Sunday School and Chapel of 1865 and 1876 on Fazeley Street, the Medical Mission of 1878-80 on the corner of River Street and Floodgate Street and the board school built on Floodgate Street in 1891.
1.4.79 There are three known post-medieval burial grounds (MM103 & MM110, MM137) with the study area. There are 114 HER data items of the post-medieval period within the study area; 83 buildings (see designated building lists Table 0.3 and locally listed buildings Table 0.4) and 31 are other HER records relating to post-medieval buildings (Table 0.5). Other records relate to pits and ditches; one earlier River Rea channel (MM124); two features relating to button workshops and tanning (MM121, MM123); one Mill pool for town mill or Lloyds mill (MM96); and one feature relating to the canal (MM95). These are all listed in Annex A; Table 0.5).
1.4.80 St Bartholomew’s Chapel Burial Ground (MM103) surrounded St Bartholomew’s Chapel, situated to the north of Park Street. The chapel and burial ground date to the mid-18th century. The majority of the church was demolished 1943. An evaluation on the site was
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conducted by Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit in 2001 as part of new road groundworks (Neilson & Duncan, 2001). The evaluation recovered small amounts of disarticulated human bone, coffin furniture and a small number of broken gravestones. The results of a watching brief on the site concluded that the graveyard was cleared reasonably effectively after the Second World War, but that quantity of human remains (possibly already disarticulated as a result of disturbance from earlier interments) was not removed. The report written by Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit suggests that ‘foundations and vaults within the building may also be preserved’.
1.4.81 The Park Street Burial Ground was situated east of Park Street and was active from 1804 to 1873 and acted as an overspill burial ground to St Martin’s. Whilst burials formally ceased at the Park Street Burial Ground in 1873, it is uncertain as to how many inhumations remain within the proposed development area. The cemetery was experiencing overcrowding by 1857 and this may also have led to some partial clearance to prevent public outcry and to enable further burial during the peak usage. In the late 19th century St Bartholomew’s Church burial ground, which was separated from Park Street only by Masshouse Lane, was also formally cleared.
1.4.82 In 1880, 0.2ha of the Park Street burial ground was given to widening of the adjacent streets (it is unknown whether burials were removed during this period), and the remainder of the burial ground was fenced. The burial ground was from this point on transformed into the Park Street Gardens, and is documented as a ‘health resort for the local children’. No records have been found at Birmingham Archives to confirm any removals of the human remains within the main section of the Park Street Burial ground, and it should be assumed that the burials remain in-situ.
1.4.83 In 1894 the construction of the L.N.W.R dissected the southern corner of the Park Street Burial Ground and 1,151 burials were removed and re-interned to Witton Cemetery. A plan obtained from Birmingham Archives of the clearance in 1894 shows frequent brick vaults and brick lined graves within Park Street Burial Ground. There is the potential that vaults and brick lined graves may remain within the proposed development area.
1.4.84 Further landscaping and re-modelling of the Park Street Gardens took place in the 1960s and work in the gardens revealed more human remains and placed into nine boxes which were then re-buried at Witton Cemetery.
Modern AD 1900 - Present
1.4.85 Into the modern period, the Birmingham city centre, Digbeth and Deritend areas all continued to be subject to vast amounts of redevelopment.
1.4.86 Public transport in the city was adapted; a tramway network was introduced to the city centre and outskirts, running along High Street Deritend, which operated from 1904-1953 (see Error! Reference source not found.). Error! Reference source not found.The first Corporation
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electric trams were introduced in 1904 and the system built up to reach a total of over 80 route miles by 1930, after which decline set in, with the last tram running on 4th July 1953. Birmingham’s tram system was built to an unusually narrow gauge, only 3’6”, which seemed to give the city’s trams a slender grace and elegance lacking in the rather wide looking trams of London and most other cities. In total, Birmingham had 843 trams of three main varieties.
1.4.87 One of the major developments in Digbeth and Deritend was the road-widening along High Street Deritend during the 1950s. The conversion of the road into a dual carriageway was deemed necessary following the traffic congestion which repeatedly occurred along the road following the city’s population expansion. Other industrial buildings consisting of workshops and warehouses continued to be erected in the Digbeth and Deritend areas in the 1970s-90s, many of which are located along the south of High Street Deritend and are of no architectural merit.
1.4.88 The success of Birmingham during the industrial revolution and the establishment of a large number of important industrial sites in the region, led to the area being a prime target for German bombers during World War II. From the period between 1940 and 1943, around 2,000 tonnes of explosive were dropped on the city centre. Despite this, Birmingham became an important contributor to the war effort with areas such as Castle Bromwich producing 59% of all Spitfires.
1.4.89 The post-war period saw the creation of regeneration areas within the centre of Birmingham to provide self-contained 'new towns'; to house communities, complete with shopping centres, open spaces, churches, schools, and other public buildings. By the 20th century/modern period, the study area is characterised by the construction of large scale commercial and retail developments, road networks and areas of recreation.
1.4.90 These large-scale developments have led to the erosion of much of the city’s heritage; however, fieldwork undertaken in advance of these developments has done much to record and document the earlier history of Birmingham.
1.5 Built heritage
Digbeth and Deritend High Street corridor general description
1.5.1 The built fabric along the High Street corridor dates mostly from the mid-19th century to the early 20th Century and is more varied in type than elsewhere in the conservation area. It includes, for example, retail shops, banks, warehouses, manufactories, and civic and religious institutions.
1.5.2 Architectural variety adds interest to the street scene and the fine roofscape provides a cohesive townscape element. Traditional buildings range in height from three to five storeys.
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1.5.3 Characteristic plot sizes vary from relatively narrow burgage and other early holdings to larger sites formed by plot amalgamation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With the exception of Heath Mill Lane the streets on the north side of the High Street corridor were cut through early frontage plots. This is particularly obvious in the lines followed by Meriden and Milk Streets, both brought down to join Digbeth from the land behind. The rear boundary of the building plots on Bordesley High Street is closely defined by the impressive bulk of Bordesley Viaduct. From there its course veers northward and the railway’s presence as seen from High Street Deritend and Digbeth gradually decreases.
1.5.4 The ancient route followed by Digbeth and the High Streets curves gently down the Rea Valley from Park Street to the river at Floodgate Street, then winds more steeply through Deritend before climbing up Bordesley High Street to the conservation area boundary on the A45 Coventry Road.
Key heritage assets
1.5.5 A full description of the heritage values of all heritage assets, their heritage value and contribution their setting makes to their heritage value within the study area can be found in Annex A. Below is a detailed description of the key assets, identified based on their heritage value, proximity to the proposed scheme area and potential for significant impact.
British Rail Goods Office (Curzon Street Station) (MM05)
1.5.6 The Grade I listed British Rail Goods Office represents a significant landmark structure of high heritage value, designed by a nationally important architect. The classical façade creates an imposing streetscape presence with ionic columns running the full three storeys. The building has historic and aesthetic value.
1.5.7 The Curzon Street structures represent a significant historic group. They played an important part in the development of Birmingham with the railway providing the stimulus for surrounding industrial growth. Architecturally they form a distinct unit, designed by some of the leading engineers and architects of the 19th century, both nationally and locally (HS2, 2013).
1.5.8 The London and Birmingham Railway employed a single architect to design both the station at Euston as well as that at Curzon Street so to create a unified image. The two stations were designed by Philip Hardwick in a monumental classical style. Although smaller in scale and costing a fraction of the price his station at Curzon Street employed the more ornate Ionic order in contrast to the simple Doric columns at Euston (demolished in the 1960s). Although not directly associated with the railway, a separate group of buildings emerged in response to the development of Curzon Street. And have survived the clearances of the late 20th century. The grade II listed The Woodman Public House and locally listed Eagle and Tun Public House are both located on New Canal Street, but remain significant historic structures which retain their historic legibility.
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1.5.9 The new line was due to run into Curzon Street from the south-west along the newly constructed Bordesley Viaduct from 1844, but was never completed due to the objections of the London and Birmingham Railway and their refusal to let it cross their lines. Instead the Great Western Railway took control and extended the line north through a tunnel under the city to a new terminus at Snow Hill, which opened in 1852. The increasing popularity of this new line created a need for a second station created at Moor Street (MM32) which opened as a temporary station in 1909. The present station was completed in 1914, with an extensive goods yard to the rear, partly under the viaduct.
1.5.10 Curzon Street Station (British Rail Goods Office; MM05) closed to passengers with the opening of New Street station, but remained in use for excursions until 1893 when it became a goods station with a fish market to the west and cattle market occupying the eastern parcel. The station finally closed in 1966.
1.5.11 Many of the structures dominate the surrounding streetscape, with the viaduct providing a terminus for key views within the Warwick Bar Conservation Area. However, the clearance of land around Curzon Street has been detrimental to this setting. The removal of the former Curzon Street Station structures has removed the cohesion of the group. In addition, the clearances along New Canal Street have isolated the public houses, removing their social context. The contribution setting makes to the heritage value of the asset is therefore considered to be low.
The Old Crown Public House (MM07)
1.5.12 The Old Crown Public House (MM07) has a high heritage value as a medieval building listed grade II*, located approximately 10m north of the BEE alignment. It is the oldest surviving building in Birmingham and is thought to date from 1368, however the character of the structure suggests a rebuilding in the early 16th century and it underwent restoration in 1862. It would have formed one of the buildings on the medieval High Street Deritend and is thought to have originally served as the guild hall of St John the Baptist. Recent research (Stephen Price, Nicholas Molyneux and George Demidowicz ) has convincing shown it to be the late 15th century Guildhall and School of the Guild of St John the Baptist of Deritend4. The street frontage indeed has a civic feel, with a close studded and jettied first floor and central entrance with a gabled oriel above on big brackets and attached columns. Original round headed wooden windows to its sides (Foster, 2007). The evidential value lies primarily in the timber-framed elements of the medieval building, and to a moderate extent in the 19th century alterations and additions. The building has historical value which is enhanced by its association with Joshua Toulmin Smith, a local antiquary who saved the building and extended the east wing to the north.
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1.5.13 The timber-framed Old Crown Public House on High Street Deritend provides a landmark of considerable visual and historical heritage value and is a key feature of the Digbeth and High Street Deritend Conservation Area. The asset is a standalone late medieval building surrounded by mix of Victorian and modern developments including a busy dual carriageway to its south. Its setting therefore has been diminished and does not make a significant contribution to the value of the asset.
The Listed Building (Formerly Floodgate School) (MM08)
1.5.14 This grade II* listed building has high heritage value with aesthetic value and a handsome exterior. Historic value gained from its designers Martin and Chamberlain, one of the leading architectural practices in late-Victorian Birmingham. The building was constructed in 1890-1 in their later, more directly functional style. Huge windows under gables; on the north side, fronting Moore’s row, these are separated by buttresses with gabled tops enclosing open terracotta tracery. Large and small gables grouping well on the east strongly modelled ventilation tower, square with corner turrets. The building is largely intact and is one of twenty-six surviving schools built by the Birmingham School Board, which together form one of the most important groups of board schools in the country.
1.5.15 The Listed Building is set back from the Digbeth and High Street Deritend and is surrounded by a modern college building to the south and an empty plot to the west. To the north is the 119, Former W.J. Wild no. 3 Works. The building was originally a metal stamping works and was the third of a number of workshops which were built by W. J. Wild along Floodgate. The date is 1940 is therefore does not contribute to the setting of The Listed Building. The Devonshire Works Chimney is directly opposite the Listed Building and provides a significant landmark, particularly when viewed from the west. It was once part of Devonshire Works, now known as the custard factory and is broadly contemporary with The Listed Building therefore making a contribution to its setting. Most of the social context has been removed from the areas surrounding this building and it is therefore considered that the urban context has been mostly eroded meaning the setting of the asset does not make a significant contribution to its value.
Church of St Michael (MM19)
1.5.16 Church of St Michael (Grade II listed) has a moderate heritage value located on Moor Street Queensway, and constructed in the early 19th century as a dissenting chapel, replacing an earlier structure on the site. It subsequently became a Catholic church and was adopted by Birmingham's Polish population after World War II. The façade is classical in design with paired ionic pilasters to the first floor, rising to a pediment above. The windows are round headed to the first floor, with simple sash windows below. This pattern is repeated in the side elevations. The elevations are of stucco, in contrast to the surrounding brick buildings. The modern street lies at a higher level giving the building a sunken quality, and reducing its impact within the streetscape. This is reinforced by the clearance of buildings to either side, replaced by modern apartments to the south.
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1.5.17 The Grade II listed Church of St Michael is situated on the busy Moor Street Queensway. Its stucco façade stands out from the surrounding streetscape; however, its impact is reduced by the present street level which obscures much of the ground floor. The removal of adjacent buildings and those on the south side of Moor Street have eroded the urban context, leaving the building isolated. It is therefore considered that setting does not contribute to the heritage value of the asset.
Devonshire House (Custard Factory) (MM14)
1.5.18 Industrial buildings continued to be erected along High Street Deritend into the early modern period, one of the most iconic of the High Street being Devonshire House (MM14; located 10m north of the BEE alignment), also known as the Custard Factory as the building was originally housed by Bird’s Custard factory. It is a six-bay centre of 1902 with buff terracotta arches and windows, ornate lettering and a rich shaped gable with a ship in the tile work. Parapet cut out like a pie crust, waiting for custard. Two plain bays of 1913 to the west, eight more of 1907-8 to the east with functional later 20th century extensions running down Gibb Street. Converted into studios, shops and workshops, with an internal court-yard by Glenn Howell Architects in 1994. The building and the chimney are both grade II listed which are a reflection of its moderate heritage value.
1.5.19 The grade II listed building is of well-proportioned design which was common in this industrial district during the late Victorian/Edwardian period. Its architectural value is reinforced as entirely typical of its date and place. While of lesser architectural value other buildings along the north side of High Street Deritend, each fulfilled a specific role in various manufacturing process, and are collectively of moderate evidential and historical value.
1.5.20 The former Devonshire Works of Alfred Bird and Sons (now known as the Custard Factory) clearly illustrates the late nineteenth and twentieth century tendency for manufactories to spread as the scale of production increased.
1.5.21 The factory complex now accommodates a mix of studios, offices and retail shops. The late Victorian inner city industrial quarter setting of the asset has been dissipated by the post war widening of the High Street and the loss of the earlier fabric on the southern side of the conservation area boundary.
Bordesley Railway Viaduct (MM40)
1.5.22 The Bordesley Railway viaduct was built 1847-1849, this great blue-brick viaduct runs across the Rea. Trains initially terminated at Snow Hill station via the viaduct, but tin 1852 the Bordesley Station was built which is where the trains terminated. It allows for good views into the Warwick Bar Conservation Area.
1.5.23 The bridge and viaduct make a significant contribution to the railway history of the area, contributing to the setting of British Rail Goods Office (Curzon Street Station). The
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monumental character of the viaduct creates a dominant feature within the surrounding streetscape, forming an important physical division. This dominance is enhanced by the clearance of land either side, substantially replaced by light industrial units. The BEE is proposed to run along Meriden Street and beneath the Bordesley viaduct. To the north of the viaduct the area has been cleared and modern buildings now form the setting of the heritage asset. However to the south of the viaduct the Victorian and Edwardian industrial, enclosed streetscape is dominant and is important in funnelling and framing historic views of the viaduct. The heritage value of this structure is considered to be moderate even though it is not statutorily listed.
1.6 Archaeological potential
Early prehistoric
Late Palaeolithic to Early Mesolithic (12,000 BC – 4000BC)
1.6.1 Excavations at the Birmingham City University Eastside Campus Banbury Street site (MM114), situated approximately 10m west of the BEE alignment ‘produced significant results including information on the environment for the Late Upper Palaeolithic to Early Mesolithic and human activity and possibly manipulation of the local environment’ (Higgins & Score, 2009). It is considered that although the results from the geo-archaeological review of Borehole 1304 was inconclusive, the potential to encounter buried remains of Late Palaeolithic origin within the proposed development area is moderate to high within the area to the west of British Rail Goods Office (Curzon Street Station).
1.6.2 Further to the south Borehole 1305 contained gleyed sand with clay at 1.40m BGL, just above sand and gravel, which may have indicated the presence of a waterlogged landscape in the early Holocene; this deposit was only 0.40 cm in depth, and it may have represented a margin of a paleo-channel or temporary wetland environment. The potential for New Canal Street to contain evidence of the prehistoric landscape is therefore considered to be moderate.
Late prehistoric
Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC
1.6.3 There had been one Neolithic stone axe (MM174), found within the study area, and therefore it is considered that the potential to encounter Neolithic remains within the proposed development area is low.
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Bronze Age 1,800 BC - 600 BC
1.6.4 No evidence dating to the Bronze Age has been located within the study area; therefore it is considered that the potential to encounter buried remains of Bronze Age origin within the proposed development area is low.
Iron Age 600 BC - AD 43
1.6.5 No evidence dating to the Iron Age has been located within the study area; therefore it is considered that the potential to encounter buried remains of Iron Age origin within the proposed development area is low.
Romano-British AD 43 - 410
1.6.6 One Roman coin was found within the study area (MM155) and due to sparsity of evidence it is considered that the potential to encounter buried remains of Roman origin within the proposed development area is low.
Early medieval AD 410 - 1066
1.6.7 Most of the early place-names in Birmingham are of early-medieval (Saxon) origin, suggesting there were settlements in and around the city during this period (BCC, 2004). Furthermore Hodder argues that a 12th century moated manor was once located west of Deritend High Street. However there is no archaeological evidence dating from the early medieval period within the study area, although the Saxon town is thought to have existed around the British Rail Goods Office (Curzon Street Station) and Hockley Brook (Burrow and Mould 2000). However, given early medieval remains are likely to have been removed by later medieval and post-medieval construction it is considered that the potential to encounter buried remains of early medieval origin within the proposed development area is low.
Medieval AD 1066 – 1550
1.6.8 The evidence dating to the medieval period within the study area is extensive; in particular along Edgbaston Street, Park Street, Digbeth and High Street Deritend where there is documentary and archaeological evidence of multiple occupations, the earliest of which date to the 12th-13th centuries close to Floodgate Street (MM187). Archaeological evidence for industrial activities such as pottery making, metalworking, tanning, leather working and bone working will be from back plots rather than the street line. The greatest potential is Digbeth/Deritend High Street corridor, within the area on the southern side of the road where the road was expanded in the 1950s. The area between the Dubliner and the Coach Station was the location of Tanner’s Row and there is the potential for archaeological remains associated with the metal-working and tanning industry. Towards the River Rea the build-up of ground is up to 2m+ in depth. This precludes the BEE effecting these deposits. There is
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potential for further evidence of the pottery industry and metal working industry along High Street Deritend close to the Old Crown Public House.
1.6.9 St Johns Chapel (MM110) and surrounding burial ground was situated on the southern front th of High Street Deritend from the second half of the 14 century (known as the ‘Proper Chapel’ (see Figure 1.2)) before being rebuilt in 1791. A surviving plaque on Chapel Lane indicates the 18th century chapel was situated in the centre of High Street Deritend. The Old Crown Public House on the north side of High Street Deritend is Birmingham’s only surviving medieval building (MM07). It is considered that the potential to encounter buried remains of medieval origin within the proposed development area is high, but as the BEE will not require deep ground reduction the likelihood of impacting archaeological deposits are low.
Post medieval AD 1550 - 1900
1.6.10 Evidence within the study area dating to the post-medieval period is extensive. Industrial activity in the study area increased in the post-medieval period, and the archaeology of industries such as pottery making, metalworking (especially in Digbeth and High Street Deritend and on Edgbaston Street), leather tanning, bone working and button making have proven to have survived well. Furthermore, rubbish piles from house clearances found on Park Street are indicative of the residential settlements situated alongside the industrial activities that operated in the area. The Park Street Burial Ground and the site of the Church of St. John are known to contain human burials and the likelihood of encountering burials during construction is considered to be high.
Modern AD 1900 - present
1.6.11 The majority of the buildings along the BEE route date to the modern period and are industrial buildings, or leisure buildings such as public houses. It is considered that the potential to encounter buried remains of modern origin within the proposed development area is high, but any remains will be of low archaeological value.
Summary of archaeological potential
1.6.12 It is considered that there is high potential to encounter early prehistoric buried remains close to British Rail Goods Office (Curzon Street Station), and high potential for medieval remains along Digbeth High Street, including the area close to the Old Crown Public House and the area close to the corner of Meriden Street, and high potential for burials where the BEE crosses the Park Street Burial Ground and low-moderate potential for burials or buried remains of St John’s Chapel, High Street Deritend.
1.6.13 This is the completion of the baseline report, but the assessment of the impact of the BEE upon all built heritage and archaeological assets can be found in the Technical Appendix Q2; Impact Assessment Tables and all impacts are summarised in the ES Chapter.
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Annexes
A. Heritage asset heritage value assessment tables ______49 B. Selected photographs from the proposed development area ______91
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A. Heritage asset heritage value assessment tables
A.1 Introduction
1.6.14 Annex A contains heritage asset tables covering the following assets; Conservation areas (Table A.1). Areas of archaeological significance (Table A.2); Listed buildings (Table A.3); Locally listed buildings within the study area (Table A.4) Monument data (Table A.5); and Event data (Table A.6).
1.6.15 All assets within the study area are listed and their heritage value established. This is done through a description of their setting, an assessment of the contribution the setting makes to the asset’s heritage value, an assessment of heritage value and the level of heritage value in accordance with the methodology outlined in in Chapter 14: Historic Environment of ES Volume 1 Main Statement.
1.6.16 These tables, along with the rest of the technical appendix, form the baseline for the impact assessment in ES Volume 2 Technical Appendix Q2: Impact Assessment Table.
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Table A.1: Conservation Areas within the study area. MM Name Description of the setting of the Contribution setting makes to the Assessment Heritage Value Level of Approx. No. heritage asset heritage value of the asset heritage distance to value centre of BEE alignment (m) MM01 Warwick Bar Warwick Bar Conservation Area lies The historic buildings within the The conservation area was Medium 0 Conservation within an inner city setting. conservation area make a significant designated in 1987 due to it Area The continuation of Banbury and New contribution to its heritage value, with containing the most complete Canal Streets beyond the conservation the enclosed views and dense canalside quarter in Birmingham area boundary and the surviving street streetscapes creating a distinct (Birmingham City Council, 1987). pattern around Belmont Row (Belmont character. Beyond Jennens Road the The Warwick Bar Conservation Row beyond the conservation area conservation area reaches up to Area contains the most complete boundary, AB Row, Cardigan Street, Ashted Top Lock and is confined to the remaining canalside quarter in Gopsal Street, Penn Street and Pitt canal and towpath. Here the buildings Birmingham. The conservation Street) provide historic context for the which traditionally clustered around the area derives from a concentration designated area and are vital to its canal have been cleared and Aston of surviving canal structures, industrial Victorian/Edwardian setting. Science Park provides an including basins, locks and uncharacteristic setting. wharves, together with a wide
Much of the wider setting of the area range of historic canal related has been redeveloped in association warehousing and works. The with the construction of the Inner and area reflects the importance of Middle Ring Roads and the growth of the canal system in the growth Aston University. This process and development of continues through the regeneration of Birmingham’s trade and industry Eastside, with Millennium Point on from the late eighteenth to the Curzon Street and the proposed city mid-twentieth century and the park. The contribution setting makes to city’s history as a focus of the the heritage value of the conservation waterways. area is considered to be important as it allows an understanding of the how the area developed in the late Victorian/Edwardian period. MM02 Digbeth, The conservation area lies within the The conservation area encompasses This conservation area was Medium 0 Deritend and inner city and the northern boundary to an important group of historic structures designated in 2000 due to it Bordesley High the Warwick Bar Conservation Area is which reflect the commercial and containing the most significant Street similar with a distinctive industrial industrial development of Birmingham. remnants of medieval settlement Conservation setting. On the west, the conservation The historic buildings within the in Birmingham (Birmingham City Area area boundary is defined by wide conservation area make a significant Council, 2000). The report also roadways and the traditional scale of contribution to its heritage value, with states that ‘the conservation area development in the area is set against the enclosed views and dense also derives heritage value from the metropolitan scale of the city centre. streetscapes creating a distinct its survival as an inner city
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MM Name Description of the setting of the Contribution setting makes to the Assessment Heritage Value Level of Approx. No. heritage asset heritage value of the asset heritage distance to value centre of BEE alignment (m) The southern boundary along Digbeth, character. The contribution setting industrial quarter with a good High Street Deritend and High Street makes to the heritage value of the range of industrial and Bordesley is clearly defined by the conservation area is considered to be commercial buildings dating from widened roadway and the redeveloped important as the setting allows an the mid-19th to the mid-20th street frontage on its southern side understanding of the how the area century’. stands in clear contrast with the historic developed in the late street frontage on the north which Victorian/Edwardian period. diminishes the historic setting. Farther south, redevelopment in Cheapside, the industrial district to the east of the wholesale markets, has brought in a range of new uses. To the north and east the conservation area is confined by the railway viaducts. MM03 Colmore Row The conservation area setting contains a The setting of the conservation area The conservation area lies at the High 0 and Environs number of landmark buildings, some of reflects Birmingham’s development civic and commercial heart of greater architectural merit than others, from a prosperous market town into a Birmingham and reflects its which close or command the views on or great provincial city. In particular its development from a prosperous beyond the boundary. These include for buildings, streets and monuments market town to a great provincial example, the iconic Rotunda on New exemplify a period of great city. Its heritage value lies in the Street and the Methodist Central Hall in achievement when the principles of the quality and diversity of its Steelhouse Conservation Area which civic gospel promulgated by Joseph architecture particularly that of closes the view north-east along Chamberlain and other prominent the late nineteenth and early Corporation Street. Alpha Tower, on citizens provided a standard for twentieth centuries, and it Suffolk Street Queensway, provides an municipal government which made contains a number of buildings of effective closure to Paradise Street but Birmingham ‘the best governed city in ‘exceptional interest and national erodes the visual heritage value of the the world.’ The setting of the importance’ (Birmingham City nineteenth century buildings in conservation area therefore makes a Council, 2006). Victoria/Chamberlain Squares, significant contribution to the value of particularly the Town Hall. the asset.
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Table A.2: Areas of Archaeological Significance within the study area. MM No. Name Summary of heritage value Level of Approximat heritage e distance value to centre of the BEE alignment (m) MM04 Digbeth and Deritend Area of Archaeological This area has been specified due to the ‘extensive survival of well-preserved Medium 0 Significance archaeological remains from the 12th century onwards’ that are ‘likely to be (present) along the whole of Digbeth and High Street Deritend’ (BCC, 2004). The document also outlines the importance of the surviving archaeology dating to the 18th and 19th centuries which has evidential value and adds to the heritage value of the area. As the archaeology within this area is all entirely buried, its setting is not considered to make a significant contribution to the value of the archaeology.
Table A.3: Listed buildings within the study area. MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) MM0 134308 British Rail I See section 1.5.6 for a full See section 1.5.10 Built in 1838, by Philip Hardwick. It High 20 5 6 Goods Office description of the assets setting acted as the original terminus to (Curzon Street the London-Birmingham railway, Station), New and an identical arch was built at Canal Street London Euston Station (now demolished). It is the world’s oldest surviving piece of monumental railway architecture. Built in the Ionic style, of three storeys and four large Ionic columns to the front. A full description of the heritage value of this asset can be found in 1.5.5.
5 National Heritage List for England list entry number
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MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) MM0 107617 Cathedral I The setting of St Philip’s The setting of St Philip’s Designed 1709 and consecrated in High 180 6 3 Church of St Cathedral, is an important Cathedral contributes to the 1715, raised to cathedral status in Philip, Temple landmark asset within the heritage value of the asset as 1905. By Thomas Archer, his first Row. historic late 19th Century setting the asset is experienced as part big commission, and of far more of Temple Row within the heart of the historic surrounding than local importance as a major of the Colmore and Environs townscape character with views monument of the English Baroque. Conservation Area. all around which give it a visual Stone, refaced in 1864-9 by J A dominance, prominence and Chatwin. Restored after war role as a focal point. There are damage, 1947-8. The east and other features within the west stained glass windows of churchyard which when all 1885-97 designed by Sir Edward considered together make the Burne-Jones and made by William setting of high heritage value to Morris. The heritage value of this the value of the asset. cathedral is High and lies in its original Baroque style of its architectural design and as a stand-alone impressive dominant monument within the Colmore and Environs Conservation Area. MM0 107629 Old Crown II* See section 1.5.11 for a full See section 1.5.12 The oldest surviving secular High 10 7 8 Public House, description of the assets setting. building in Birmingham city centre. High Street It was thought to date from 1368, Deritend the character of the structure however suggests a rebuilding in the early 16th century. Restored in 1862. Originally acted as guild hall to St. John the Baptist, currently serves as a public house. A full description of the heritage value of this asset can be found in 1.5.11. MM0 121951 The Listed II* See section 1.5.13 for a full See Section 1.5.14 A handsome and striking school High 70 8 0 Building description of the assets setting. by Martin and Chamberlain, one of (formerly the leading architectural practices Floodgate in late-Victorian Birmingham. The School), building is largely intact and is one
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MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) Floodgate of twenty-six surviving schools Street built by the Birmingham School Board, which together form one of the most important groups of board schools in the country. A full description of the heritage value of this asset can be found in 1.5.14. MM0 128957 New Street City II* The setting of the asset is 19th The setting is not considered to The heritage value is gained from High 140 9 9 Arcade century and makes a significant make a contribution to the the late Victorian date and contribution to the setting of the heritage value of the asset as architectural merit of the building Colmore Row and Environs the majority of the surrounding by T.W.F Newton and Cheattle, a Conservation Area. contemporary architecture has leading architect of the times. The been eroded by later 1960s decorative terracotta and green developments. faience by Doulton and Co and other detailing by W J Neatby. The gabled facade to Union Street is of 3 storeys plus attic and set diagonally to the arcade with a big central arch flanked by polygonal turrets terminating in little cupolas with windows and scrolly buttresses. MM1 129126 Birmingham II* The setting of the asset makes a The setting is considered to Opened in 1813 with distinct High 160 0 2 Gun Barrel significant contribution to the make a contribution to the architectural quality and includes Proof House, setting of the Warwick Bar heritage value of the asset with an impressive gateway and board Banbury Street Conservation Area and the the Gun Barrel Proof House a room. The building is a remarkably Warwick Bar Wharf. The prominent landmark on the intact example of its type with a nineteenth century entrance Digbeth Branch Canal. large number of original fittings. range has an important However, on the landward side The buildings were designed as an presence east of the railway the asset occupies a guarded obvious, public expression of one viaduct on Banbury Street and location in a quiet part of the of Birmingham's foremost when considered with the Warwick Bar Conservation Area. industries. warehouse complexes on The area reflects the importance Fazeley Street as a group they of the canal system in the do much to define the character growth and development of of the conservation area. Birmingham’s trade and industry from the late eighteenth to the
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MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) mid-twentieth century and the city’s history as a focus of the waterways.
MM1 107560 Murdoch II* The setting of the asset is inner The setting is considered to This building was built in 1896-7, High 180 1 4 Chambers/Pitm city urban within a mixed context make a contribution to the by J Crouch and E Butler, partly an Chambers, of surviving and impressive heritage value of the asset as for A R Dean, manufacturer of Corporation contemporary architecture and the original late Victorian much of the furniture for Crouch Street piecemeal later 20th century physical surroundings are and Butler's houses and partly for developments. largely intact, albeit with some a vegetarian restaurant. The later developments within the purple bricks and buff terracotta; streetscape especially to the tile roof are in attractive Arts and west. The asset is experienced Crafts style with carved lively through associative relationships reliefs are by Benjamin Creswick, between heritage assets such a famous Victorian sculptor. as the nationally important law courts and plays an important part within the surrounding townscape character. MM1 139124 Grand Hotel, II* The setting of the asset is inner The assets original late Victorian Built in 1876, this block forms one High 200 2 6 Colmore Row city at the heart of the Colmore physical surroundings are of the largest C19 buildings in and Environs Conservation largely intact, with Colmore Row central Birmingham. The asset Area. retaining much of its original late makes a very positive and well- Victorian fabric. The asset is mannered contribution the asset experienced through associative makes to the townscape. The relationships between heritage Barwick Street façade of the block assets such as the nationally designed in and inside are some important St Philip’s Cathedral especially fine original interiors. and plays an important part within the surrounding townscape character. MM1 107561 85 High Street, II The setting of the asset is inner The assets original physical Warehouse of approximately Mediu 10 3 4 Digbeth city. The built fabric along the surroundings from the time of its 1860. Brick with stone dressings m High Street corridor dates mostly construction are largely intact on and slate roof. The ground floor from the mid-nineteenth to the the north side of the High Street entrance with lintel inscribed early twentieth century and is but enclosure is dissipated Bouser and Company and iron
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MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) more varied in type than through the post war widening of and glazed fanlight within a stone elsewhere in the Digbeth and High Street arch with big keystone supporting Digbeth/Deritend Conservation Deritend with the loss of the a stone band inscribed Area. It includes, for example, earlier fabric on the southern Warehouse. retail shops, banks, warehouses, side. The noise, vibration and manufactories, and civic and other pollutants and nuisances religious institutions. of the modern High Street also Architectural variety adds detract from how the asset is interest to the street scene and experienced, and it is therefore the fine roofscape provides a considered that setting does not cohesive townscape element. makes a contribution to the heritage value of the asset. MM1 134307 Devonshire II The setting of the asset is inner The assets original physical Built in 1902, of red brick and Mediu 10 4 3 House, High city. The built fabric along the surroundings from the time of its terracotta with some stone m Street Deritend High Street corridor dates mostly construction are largely intact on dressings. Four storeys plus attic, from the mid-nineteenth to the the north side of the High Street 3 bays. In the centre, the bands early twentieth century on the but enclosure is dissipated inscribed 'Alfred Bird and Sons north side. It includes, for through the post war widening of Limited/Devonshire Works/1837 example, retail shops, banks, Digbeth and High Street and 1902' with foliage. A warehouses, manufactories, and Deritend with the loss of the description of the heritage value of civic and religious institutions. earlier fabric on the southern this asset can be found in 1.5.19. Architectural variety adds side. The noise, vibration and interest to the street scene and other pollutants and nuisances the fine roofscape provides a of the dynamic modern High cohesive townscape element. Street also detract from how the asset is experienced and it is therefore considered that setting makes a limited contribution to the heritage value of the asset. MM1 121233 224-225 High II The setting of the asset is inner The assets original physical Built 1860. Polychromatic brick Mediu 10 5 6 Street Deritend city. The built fabric along the surroundings from the time of its with stone dressings and slate m High Street corridor dates mostly construction are largely intact on roof. Five storeys, 7 bays. Ground from the mid-nineteenth to the the north side of the High Street floor with apparently original shop
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MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) early twentieth century on the but enclosure is dissipated fronts. Incised decoration and north side. It includes, for through the post war widening of elaborately cut brick arch soffits example, retail shops, banks, Digbeth and High Street and bold sills. The heritage value warehouses, manufactories, and Deritend with the loss of the is gained from its mid-19th century civic and religious institutions. earlier fabric on the southern date and attractive design Architectural variety adds side. The noise, vibration and characteristic of the industrial interest to the street scene and other pollutants and nuisances nature of this part of Birmingham. the fine roofscape provides a of the modern, dynamic High cohesive townscape element. Street also detract from how the asset is experienced and it is therefore considered that setting does not makes a contribution to the heritage value of the asset. MM1 123408 The Woodman II The setting of the asset is The building is situated on a Public house of 1896-7 by James Mediu 15 6 8 Public House, modern inner city. The corner, giving it prominence & Lister Lea. Brick and terracotta, m New Canal Woodman forms a pair with the within the streetscape, however, slate roof, 2 storeys. Interior Street nearby Eagle and Tun public the original physical includes original counter and bar house. surroundings of the asset have back with engraved and gilded been largely removed detracting mirror glass and much tiling. from the context and the ability Smoke Room with original seating to appreciate the social and tiling. This is a relatively motivation behind its compete example of a type of establishment. As the asset is small corner pub produced in located within a changing inner Birmingham during the late city environment the contribution Victorian period and was famously setting makes to the heritage used by the WWI soldiers who value of the asset is negligible. departed for France from Curzon Street Station, most never to return. MM1 107560 Community II The setting is industrial urban Setting makes a significant 1875-80 by Martin and Mediu 30 7 0 Industry, typical of this area of contribution to the value of the Chamberlain. Part of same former m Deritend, Birmingham. asset as the assets physical school complex as The Bridge Garrison Lane surroundings are of similar Centre. Probably a former primary
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MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) historic materials and the assets school building. Steep gabled tiled cultural associations with this roofs. Stone dressed coupled industrial quarter of Birmingham windows retaining original iron help to understand the and frame glazing. This is a good experience the surroundings. surviving example of Victorian school architecture in Deritend. th MM1 121143 Great Western II The setting is 19 Century within Setting makes a significant Built 1875-6 by W H Ward in Mediu 30 8 4 Arcade, the heart of the Colmore and contribution to the value of the stone. Three storeys, 4 bays. m Colmore Row Environs Conservation Area. asset as the assets physical Ground floor with modern shops surroundings are of similar and an inserted mezzanine floor historic materials and the asset above, where the tops of the is experienced in this context. coupled Corinthianesque columns appear. The moulded arch to the arcade is decorated with allegorical figures. The building is striking attractive example of Victorian ingenuity which also served to cover the railway line between Snow Hill and Moor Street Stations. MM1 121972 St Michael’s II See section 1.5.15 See Section 1.5.16. The Church of St Michael was built Mediu 30 9 1 Church, Moor in 1800 and was originally a m Street dissenting chapel to replace a Queensway building of 1732 destroyed by rioters in 1791. In 1861 the then Unitarian congregation sold the former meeting house to Roman Catholics. A description of the heritage value of this asset can be found in 1.5.16. MM2 138022 58 Oxford II The building lies on a prominent The setting has been affected by 58 Oxford Street was built in 1912, Mediu 45 0 9 Street corner within an industrial the clearance of land to the by Buckland & Farmer of m streetscape, terminated to the south removing its historic Birmingham for Thomas Walker & north by the railway viaduct. context. The contribution setting Son, manufacturers of marine
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MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) makes to the heritage value of instruments. Mid and late C20th the asset is considered to be additions and alterations. Red negligible. brick, with polychrome brick dressings. Framed construction, with RSJs on concrete columns, concrete floors and asphalted flat roofs. Its heritage value is gained as a good example of an Edwardian factory building within a typical industrial Birmingham setting. MM2 121231 Former Church, II The building is set back from The setting has been diminished Built 1898-1900. Small brick built Mediu 50 2 8 (Part of High Street Deritend and lies by frequent graffiti and modern church but with considerable m Premises close to the railway viaduct. It art works on adjacent buildings, height to walls. Basilican- occupied by has an inner city urban setting. but this does lend to the urban Lombardic style with good Arts Dolphin context of the area. The and Crafts brickwork. Showers), High adjacent building has suffered Street Deriend extensive fire damage which diminishes the historic industrial setting. The contribution setting makes to the heritage value of the asset is considered to be negligible. MM2 123427 7-12 II The building has an inner city The setting has been diminished Houses and workshops, now Mediu 60 3 3 Bartholomew urban setting. by removal of the original lighting shop. Mid-19th Century m Row surrounding context leaving only with possible late 18th Century and a mix of modern developments. early 19th Century origin, and late The contribution setting makes 19th and early 20th Century to the heritage value of the asset additions. Brick with some painted is considered to be negligible. stone or stucco dressings, and slate roofs. MM2 133495 RTP Crisps, II The building forms part of a Setting makes an important Built 1872 for Corder & Turley, Mediu 70 4 3 Allison Street continuous commercial contribution to the value of the manufacturers of umbrella ribs. m streetscape with a Victorian asset as the assets physical Factory with adjoining boundary industrial setting. surroundings are of similar wall and gateway. Adapted 1923 historic materials and the asset as a clothing factory for Fawcett is experienced through this Bros. and in 1975 as a food
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) context. processing factory for RTP crisps. Alterations and additions 1896 by Cross Franklin and 1923 by Ewan Harper Bros. & Co. The heritage value lies in the Victorian date of construction and industrial Birmingham setting. The building has undergone multiple changes with the production of classic products within the manufacturing industry. MM2 121969 Gentleman’s II Within arch of the railway bridge, The asset adds to the historic Built 1880-90. Cast iron and within Mediu 75 5 9 Urinal, Allison only visible within arch. Other streetscape and alludes to the an arch of the bridge across the m Street, Digbeth openings around leading to car areas industrial Victorian past. road. Eight bays of panels in 2 park or covered by modern Setting makes a significant tiers, Adamish below, floral above. shutters. contribution to the value of the Little decorative arches over the asset as it was constructed to entrance bays at either end. The specifically fit into the arch of the asset’s moderate heritage value bridge. lies within the rare survival of this type of decorative cast iron Victorian urinal typical of this part of industrial quarter of Birmingham during the late Victorian period. MM2 139275 Former Ice II The building has an inner city The setting has been diminished Designed in 1899 by Ernest Mediu 80 6 3 Factory and urban setting. by the widening of the Digbeth Bewlay for the Linde British m Cold Store, High Street and the construction Refrigeration Company and Allison Street of low quality buildings in the completed in 1900, by which time 1970s directly opposite. The Bewlay had joined Cossins and contribution setting makes to the Peacock of Colmore Row. Red heritage value of the asset is brick with a slate roof. Four considered to be negligible. storeys and a basement. Much of the asset’s heritage value lies in the Victorian date of construction within an industrial Birmingham setting. MM2 127627 The White II The public house is within a The open space and car park Early 19th century in appearance, Mediu 100 7 2 Swan Public typical late Victorian/Edwardian diminishes the context of the though probably of older origin. m
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) House, industrial setting common original setting, but enough Stuccoed; tile roof. Two storeys; 6 Bradford Street throughout this part of survives to make the reasons for gabled bays. The moderate Birmingham. Directly opposite a its establishment within the heritage value lies within the building has been demolished historic streetscape still legible. assets communal value over the and the open space is presently The setting of the public house past century. used as a car wash. does make an important contribution to the value of the asset as there is enough surviving of the original streetscape with its industrial warehouses to make sense of the historical reasons for the establishment of this public house. MM2 123416 The Anchor II The public house is within a The open space and diminishes Built in1901 by James and Lister Mediu 100 8 7 Public House, typical late Victorian/Edwardian the context of the original Lea for Holt Brewery Company. m Bradford Street industrial setting common setting, but enough survives to Red bricked terracotta. Flat roof throughout this part of make the reasons for its concealed behind parapet. Brick Birmingham. Directly opposite is establishment within the historic end and axial stacks. Has an empty site which is waiting streetscape still legible The entrance porch in corner, low for development.. setting of the public house does paneled screen with Art Nouveau make a significant contribution stained glass panels. The use as to the value of the asset as there public house over the last century is enough surviving of the has also added communal value to original streetscape with its the asset. empty industrial warehouses to make sense of the historical reasons for the establishment of this public house. MM2 122089 Fountain on II Forms part of the boundary wall The setting makes a significant Late 19th century. Shell basin Mediu 120 9 8 Temple Row and railings around St Philips contribution to the value of the within a wreath. Above, an angel m Cathedral. Faces into Temple asset as it is experienced with open book. All in a pediment Row with Cathedral as its back through the setting of the grade I stone. Its heritage value is gained drop. Temple Row is listed St Philip’s Cathedral. by its association with the early predominantly modern office 18th Century St Philip’s Cathedral buildings with some Victorian and it has aesthetic value. commercial buildings retained.
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) MM3 122087 Lower part of II Within the Cathedral Square, The setting makes a significant Intended for the town hall during Mediu 140 0 9 fluted column, formerly the churchyard to St contribution to the value of the the building of which, in 1833, m Temple Row Philip’s. Now landscaped as a asset as it is experienced John Heap and William Badger public open space with some through the setting of the grade I were killed and to whom it was monuments retained. listed St Philip’s Cathedral. erected as a monument. The asset’s moderate heritage value is gained from its association with the Grade I listed Birmingham Town Hall and the act of remembrance of the men who dies during its construction. MM3 107570 17, Cannon II Surrounded by mid to late 20th The original setting of the asset Built in 1881-2 in the Arts and Mediu 140 1 5 Street B2, 10, century commercial was the late Victorian in the Crafts style by J L Ball and his first m Cherry Street development. style of the main commercial independent work. Red brick; tile buildings of that era. The setting roof. Four storeys plus attic; 5 of the asset has been eroded by irregular bays. Ground floor with the surrounding modern modern or altered shop fronts. developments from the 1960s onwards, especially the House of Frazier, and therefore the contribution setting makes to the heritage value of the asset is considered to be negligible. MM3 137597 Old Moor Street II The station has recently been The station forms part of the Railway station and warehouses Mediu 150 2 2 Station, Moor restored after being closed in railway heritage associated with first opened in 1906 with m Street 1987. The station forms part of this part of Birmingham. While it temporary buildings, with main Queensway the railway heritage associated remains an important element building erected 1991-1916 by with this part of Birmingham. To within the streetscape, the visual W.Y. Armstrong, GWR engineer the north the area has been setting of the station has been for New Works; warehouses also cleared and is now a car park eroded by the loss of buildings by L.G. Mouchel employing the and wasteland. It now forms part to the north with the area now in Hennebique ferroconcrete system. of the modern Moor Street use as a car park and The heritage value is gained by its Station. wasteland. The setting is communal value and railway considered to make a negligible heritage. contribution to the heritage value of the asset, given the loss of the original buildings to the
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MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) north. MM3 107617 F.G. Burnaby II Within the Cathedral Square, The setting makes a significant Late 19th century. Portland stone. Mediu 180 4 4 Obelisk formerly the churchyard to St contribution to the value of the Tall, inscribed on 3 sides Burnaby m Monument, Philip’s. Now landscaped as a asset as it is experienced (i.e. F G Burnaby (1842-85)): Temple Rowl public open space with some through the setting of the Khiva 1875: Abu Klea 1885 and monuments retained. nationally important grade I with an oval portrait medallion on listed St Philip’s Cathedral. its fourth side. The heritage value is gained by the rare tribute to Col. Burnaby killed in the Sudan by Robert Bridgeman of Lichfield who carved the statutes on Lichfield Cathedral and its association with the smaller red obelisk to Lt. Col. Unett killed at Sebastopol by Peter Hollins, 1856. MM3 134339 County Court, II The setting of the asset is inner The assets original late Victorian 1882, by James Williamson Stone. Mediu 200 5 9 Corporation city urban within a mixed context physical surroundings are In an Italiante palazzo style. Two m Street of surviving and impressive largely intact, albeit with some storeys plus basement; 6 bays. contemporary architecture later developments within the Ground floor with banded alongside piecemeal later 20th streetscape especially to the rustication, the entrance in an century developments. west. The asset is experienced elaborate surround and within a through associative relationships Roman Doric porch and 5 between heritage assets such windows with their elongated as the nationally important law brackets carrying a broad band courts and Murdoch Chambers with guilloche decoration and and plays an important part containing the blind balconies to within the surrounding the 6 pedimented first floor townscape character. The windows. All windows sashes. contribution setting makes to the Decorated eaves frieze and heritage value of the asset is bracketed cornice. The right-hand therefore considered to be return on Newton Street brick of 2 important. bays plus another 5 bays slightly lower but to the same design except that the first floor windows have corniced rather than pedimented frames. The heritage value of this asset is considered to be moderate due to its aesthetic
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) and communal value plus its architectural detail which is a classic example of Italianate palazzo style. MM3 107562 106-108 II The setting of this asset is The industrial canalside setting 1840-50 former house. Two Mediu 200 6 5 Fazeley Street industrial Victorian canalside. contributes to the heritage value storeys red brick with some m (C19 Works) The warehouses on Fazeley and of the asset as the building and engineering brickwork grooved Bordesley Streets impart a clear the canal are connected through ashlar gate pier built into left hand identity to the Warwick Bar association and display an corner with yard entrance shared Conservation Area. impressive example of late with No 110 adjacent qv giving eighteenth and nineteenth access to common wharf on canal century transport engineering. arm by the Warwick Bar. The 106-108 Fazeley Street adds to heritage value of this asset is the hard industrial appearance considered to be moderate due to created by the traditional the buildings traditional industrial building types and makes a vital use within the heart of the contribution to local Warwick Bar Conservation Area. distinctiveness and sense of place. MM3 107559 Fox and II The setting of the asset is The building is situated on a Possibly late 17th early 18th century Mediu 200 7 8 Grapes Public modern inner city, with much of corner, giving it prominence with alterations in mid-19th century. m House, the original streetscape at the within the streetscape, however, Corner site with Park Street. May Freeman Street time of the assets constructed the original physical incorporate some elements of now removed. surroundings of the asset have framing. Two storeys and attic been largely removed detracting house, stucco faced on brick, with from the context and the ability 2 storey rear wings. The heritage to appreciate the social value of this asset is considered to motivation behind its be moderate as it’s a relatively establishment. As the asset is complete example of a type of located within a changing inner small corner pub produced in city environment the contribution Birmingham during the late setting makes to the heritage Victorian period. value of the asset is negligible. MM3 107562 122, Fazeley II The setting of this asset is The industrial canalside setting Built approximately 1840-50 Mediu 200 8 5 Street industrial Victorian canalside. contributes to the heritage value former house. Two storey red brick m The warehouses on Fazeley and of the asset as the building and with some engineering brickwork. Bordesley Streets impart a clear the canal are connected through Gable end slate roof with deep flat
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM NHLE Name Grad Description of the setting of Contribution setting makes to Assessment of heritage value Level Approx. No. No.5 e the heritage asset the heritage value of the asset of distance heritag to e value centre of BEE alignme nt (m) identity to the Warwick Bar association and display an eaves. Four bays, grouped in twos Conservation Area. impressive example of late to left and right with doorway to left eighteenth and nineteenth hand. Revealed glazing bar century transport engineering. sashes with moulded stucco 122 Fazeley Street adds to the consoles to thin cornices with hard industrial appearance blocking courses, stucco sills. The created by the traditional heritage value of this asset is building types and makes a vital considered to be due to the contribution to local asset’s traditional industrial use distinctiveness and sense of within the heart of the Warwick Bar place. Conservation Area. MM3 139187 Powell’s Gun II Surrounded by mid to late 20th The setting of Powell’s Gun Formerly gun shop, workshops Mediu 50 9 6 Shop, Carr century buildings on a narrow Shop has been diminished as and living accommodation m Lane. secondary street. it’s the only surviving building of [converted to offices] of 1861, mid Victorian date on Carr Lane. designed by Charles Edge [1827- As the streetscape has been 1867]. Red brick with diapered completely altered since the patterns in black brick and painted creation of the asset, therefore stone dressings. The street setting is not considered to frontage is three storey with attic make a contribution to the and the rear, L-shaped workshop heritage value of the asset. range has five floors. The heritage value of this asset is due to the historical association of Birmingham with the arms and gun manufacturing trade throughout the 19th Century.
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
Table A.4: Locally listed buildings within the study area MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) MM40 Bordesley Railway B The viaduct represents The setting of the viaduct Built 1847-1849, this great blue-brick Medium 0 Viaduct a dominant feature in makes an important viaduct runs across the Rea. Trains the surrounding contribution to the value of initially terminated at Snow Hill station streetscape with its the asset being a key via the viaduct, but tin 1852 the setting defined by the component of the Warwick Bordesley Station was built which is surrounding railway Bar Conservation Area and where the trains terminated. It allows for infrastructure. the Digbeth/Deritend good views into the Warwick Bar Conservation Area. Views Conservation Area. The asset is a and connectivity through historic landmark feature which the arches of the viaduct dominates the local townscape. are important to the historic streetscape. MM41 109 Digbeth High B The setting of the Its corner location gives it Originally the Castle and Falcon public Low 0 Street asset is busy inner city prominence within the house. The building has extensive rear setting The asset is streetscape. The removal of accommodation suggesting that it may located on the corner the south side of the post- have once functioned as an inn. The of Meriden Street and medieval High Street has front façade features a course of Digbeth High Street. diminished the setting of the decorative blue and cream brick work. The original physical asset and therefore it is Part of the building’s historic value is surroundings of the considered that setting gained from its former use as a public asset have been does not make a significant house which increases its communal removed to the south contribution to the value of heritage value. and the east. the asset. MM42 Eagle and Tun Public B The setting of the The clearances along New Built 1900. Once home of a thriving Low 5 House, New Canal Eagle and Tun is Canal Street have isolated music scene and UB40 filmed their Street currently in an isolated the public house removing music video for ‘red red wine’ in the pub position as a result of their social context. The in the 1980s and featured on the cover the clearance of the structure remains a of their album ‘Best of UB40’. The loss of area as part of the significant historic feature of the surrounding buildings has removed Eastside Development; the area. The contribution the context of asset and removed the however, new HS2 setting makes to the ability to appreciate the social motivation development will heritage value of the asset behind its establishment. Nevertheless, reinstate the urban is therefore considered to the heritage value is secured by its setting of the structure. be low. communal value as a traditional However the Victorian Birmingham public house construction of the which is still in use today. HS2 viaduct will
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) significantly affect the asset by removing its roof. MM43 17 & 18 New Canal B This building has been This building has been This building has been demolished N/A 5 Street (former demolished demolished. within approximately the last year and is Birmingham House for now a public car park. Lost and Stray Dogs) MM44 Former Solar Works B The asset has a The setting makes a Factory originally built to manufacture Low 15 (M. Latif & Sons), Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the brass goods and then specialised in Bordesley Street industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. electricity meter. Built in 1913 and 1919. setting. The assets physical The asset’s heritage value gained from surroundings are of historic the building’s design features elements materials and the asset is of the arts and crafts movement. experienced through its functional relationship with the adjacent industrial buildings. MM45 21 Meriden Street B The asset has a The setting does not make Late Victorian public house, presently Low 5 (Old Spotted Dog Victorian/Edwardian a significant contribution to covered in street art. The heritage value P.H.) industrial inner city the value of the asset due is gained from the assets communal setting. to the continuous value as a traditional and long redevelopment and established Birmingham public house, alteration of the surrounding albeit with modern graffiti exterior today. townscape. MM46 Former Digbeth B The asset has a semi There is a view of the Built in the 1950s as a warehouse. Low 5 Motors, Meriden Victorian/Edwardian Bordesley viaduct but this is Currently a bar. The asset is an example Street industrial inner city somewhat obscured by a of 1950s architectural style within the setting, the principal later 1970s development to industrial quarter of Birmingham. view from the front of the north. Its immediate the building faces the setting on a corner plot and Bordesley Viaduct. with an open car park area There are open spaces is important in around this asset with understanding the historic a car park to the function of the asset. immediate east. However with its wider setting with its degraded historic townscape it is not considered that setting
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) makes an important contribution to the value of the asset. MM47 43 & 45 (Offices of B The asset has a The setting makes a Built during the Edwardian period this Low 5 Redfern Stevens Ltd.) Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the typical industrial building fronts Meriden Meriden Street industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. Street which contributes to the traditional setting. The assets physical industrial setting of the Digbeth/Deritend surroundings are of historic Conservation Area. materials and the asset is experienced through its functional relationship with the canalside which provided invaluable transport links in and out of Birmingham. MM48 160 (Rainbow P.H.), B The asset has a The Rainbow has a Rebuilt 1875. The heritage value is Low 5 High Street Deritend Victorian/Edwardian prominent location on the secured as the building represents the industrial inner city corner of High Street areas traditional character and quality of setting. Deritend however, the the Digbeth and Deritend Conservation original physical Area and features full height geometric surroundings of the asset design stained glass windows. It has have been largely removed cumulative value as a long established detracting from the context local pub. Historic features were and the ability to appreciate reinstated as part of the Heritage the social motivation behind Economic Regeneration BEE between its establishment. 2001 and 2005. MM49 Highway C The asset is within the The setting is considered to Plaque commemorating the widening Low 5 Commemorative central reservation and make a significant and reconstruction of Digbeth and High Plaque, High Street has a modern contribution to heritage Street Deritend in 1953. The low Deritend streetscape setting. value of the asset, as the heritage value is gained by the asset commemorates the commemoration of this significant widening and reconstruction change of use of the area with the of the road in which it sits. widening of highway in the 1950s seen at the time as a step forward to ease traffic congestion into the City Centre. MM50 Former King Edwards B The asset has a The setting makes a Opened in 1837 and in 1852 had 125 Low 10 Branch School, Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the boys and 120 girls. The schools moved Meriden Street industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. to the Camp Hill site in 1883. One of four
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) setting. The assets physical other branch schools the heritage value surroundings are of historic lies with the early Victorian date of the materials and the asset is structure and the historical association of experienced through the a Victorian boarding school. The building surrounding townscape is in need of urgent and wide ranging character. repair. MM51 Public Urinal, Corner B The asset is concealed The asset is not readily Victorian or Edwardian, were known as Low 10 of New Canal Street behind a boundary wall visible in the streetscape temples of relief. The heritage value is and not visible from the and was not visible during gained as only within Birmingham and street. the site walkover. It is Bristol have these features been assumed that its setting is preserved in any significant number. confined to the land in Featured highly decorative cast iron which it is located. panels and is a relic of a rapidly expanding industrialised society. The asset is located behind a high wall and is on private land which is not accessible. MM52 Island House (No.2), B This building has been This building has been Demolished in 2012, built in 1913, N/A 10 New Canal Street demolished. demolished. designed by G. E. Pepper. Once resembled the iconic flat Iron building in New York City in the Edwardian Mannerist style. MM53 Urinal Adjoining B The asset has a The setting makes a Victorian or Edwardian, were known as Low 10 Railway Bridge, New Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the temples of relief. Only Birmingham and Canal Street industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. Bristol have these features preserved in setting. The assets physical any significant number. Featured highly surroundings are of historic decorative cast iron panels and is a relic materials and the asset is of a rapidly expanding industrialised experienced through the society. The low heritage value of this surrounding townscape asset has been diminished as character. ornamental relief work is no longer present and the recess is used for storage by workmen. MM54 101 New Canal Street C The asset has a The setting makes a Most recently an ‘A & S: The Low 10 Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the Warehouse’ discount cash and carry but industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. was formerly the Hope and Anchor setting. The assets physical Public House. The current building was surroundings are of historic constructed in 1906 and has historic materials and the asset is value from its former use as public
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) experienced through the house. The building is brick and gains its surrounding townscape heritage value from the stone character. decorative features. MM55 18 (Former Pig B The asset has a The setting makes a Designed by James and Lister Lea in Low 10 Market) Meriden Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the 1898. The heritage value is gained form Street industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. its prominent position within the Warwick setting. The assets physical Bar Conservation Area which surroundings are of historic characterises the industrial setting of the materials and the asset is area. experienced through the surrounding townscape character. MM56 2 (Former Lloyds A The asset has a The setting makes a Built 1874-75, designed by J. A. Medium 15 Bank), corner of Heath Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the Chatwin. This building’s heritage value Mill Lane and High industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. is gained from its Victorian date of Street Deritend setting. The assets physical construction. It was a former Lloyds surroundings are of historic Bank facing onto Deritend High Street. materials and the asset is experienced through the surrounding townscape character. MM57 179-182 High Street C The asset has a The removal of the south Built 1906, a three storey terrace Low 15 Victorian/Edwardian side of the post-medieval containing four separate retail units with industrial inner city High Street has diminished residential accommodation above; built setting. the setting of the asset and as a speculative venture. The central therefore it is considered carriageway leads to a yard which that setting does not make contains a separate works behind. The a significant contribution to heritage value is gained by its typical the value of the asset. Edwardian style residential units characteristic of the Digbeth/Deritend Conservation Area. MM58 115 (Police Station), A The asset has a The removal of the south Built 1911, designed by Henry E. Stilgoe, Medium 20 Digbeth High Street Victorian/Edwardian side of the post-medieval City Surveyor. The heritage value is industrial inner city High Street has diminished gained by its Edwardian date, baroque setting. the setting of the asset and style with a picturesque corner turret. therefore it is considered that setting does not make a significant contribution to
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) the value of the asset. MM59 86-87 (Gregory Pank), B The asset has a The removal of the south Three storey late Victorian building with Low 20 Digbeth High Street Victorian/Edwardian side of the post-medieval shop front on the ground floor and industrial inner city High Street has diminished symmetrical twin facades above with setting. the setting of the asset and twin gables. The heritage value is therefore it is considered gained by its Victorian date with historic that setting does not make associations with trade in Digbeth. a significant contribution to the value of the asset. MM60 Former Ash and B The asset has a The setting makes a Built as a metal perforating works in Low 20 Lacey Works, Allison Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the 1905, designed by J. G. Dunn. Features Street industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. a long crisply articulated brick and setting. The assets physical terracotta range. The building surroundings are of historic contributes to the heritage value of the materials and the asset is industrial setting of the Digbeth/Deritend experienced through the Conservation Area. surrounding townscape character. MM61 164 (Cosifit Chairs B The asset has a The setting makes a Rebuilt in the 1850s, the building gains Low 20 Ltd. & Bordesley Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the its heritage value as a common Chambers), High industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. Victorian building type for the area. The Street Deritend. setting. The assets physical four storey, three bay building has a surroundings are of historic series of workshops of varying date materials and the asset is attached to the rear. experienced through the surrounding townscape character. MM62 16 New Bartholomew B The asset has a The setting makes a Factory designing and manufacturing Low 25 Street (Premier Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the jigs, PVC coating and other specialised Plating Jigs) industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. items. Was previously used as a sheet setting. The assets physical metal works. The heritage value is surroundings are of historic secured as one of the materials and the asset is Victorian/Edwardian factories still in experienced through the operation in central Birmingham and its surrounding townscape historical associations with the area character. MM63 80-81 (The Kerryman B The asset has a The removal of the south Public house of Victorian date. Originally Low 25
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) P.H.), Digbeth High Victorian/Edwardian side of the post-medieval known as the Old Bull’s Head public Street industrial inner city High Street has diminished house feature decorative corbels and setting. the setting of the asset and frieze. The heritage value is gained by therefore it is considered aesthetic value of the historic features, that setting does not make many of which were reinstated as part of a significant contribution to the Heritage Economic Regeneration the value of the asset. BEE between 2001 and 2005. MM64 4 & 6 (Former A The asset has a The removal of the south Built in 1866, designed by Bateman and Medium 25 Deritend Branch Victorian/Edwardian side of the post-medieval Corser in very ecclesiastical gothic Library), Heath Mill industrial inner city High Street has diminished design the building gains its heritage Lane setting. the setting of the asset and value as the first branch library in therefore it is considered Birmingham. Converted to industrial in that setting does not make the mid-twentieth century and is a significant contribution to currently a conference centre. Red brick the value of the asset. with little blue diapering, stone dressing and three light Perp windows. Two gabels to the street, the taller with two steps interrupted by a brick rectangle, were rebuilt during repairs of 2003 by Bryant Priest Newman along with other historic features, all reinstated as part of the Heritage Economic Regeneration Scheme between 2001 and 2005. Inside, four centred-arched arcades, also Perp, and a complex roof. MM65 Ladbrooke House, B The asset has a The setting makes a Four storey former warehouse built in Low 40 Bordelsey Street Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the the 1930s. The building’s heritage value industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. as it contributes to the traditional setting. The assets physical industrial setting of the Warwick Bar surroundings are of historic Conservation Area. materials and the asset is experienced through the surrounding Victorian/Edwardian townscape character. MM66 90 (S. Rose Co. C The asset has an inner The setting is considered to Originally a tea packing works owned by Low 50 Warehouse), city industrial setting. make a minor contribution Typhoo Tea. The building featured its Bordesley Street The asset contributes to the heritage value of the own canal basin (Typhoo Basin) to the
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MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) to the industrial setting asset. Car parks opposite rear. Built in stage from 1931 to 1950, of the Warwick Bar the building create an open designed by Harry W. Weedon and Conservation Area. space with a good Partners. The building has a heritage intervisibility between the value as it is within the Art Deco style asset and the railway and is the largest building in the area in viaduct. terms of scale and mass. It is presently empty. MM67 Devonshire Works B The asset has a The removal of the south The heritage value is gained from the Low 65 Chimney, Floodgate Victorian/Edwardian side of the post-medieval chimney representing a significant Street industrial inner city High Street has diminished landmark, particularly when viewed from setting. the setting of the asset and the west. The Chimney is part of therefore it is considered Devonshire Works, now known as the that setting does not make custard factory, which is grade II listed a significant contribution to and is considered as part of its curtilage. the value of the asset. MM68 Cast Iron Bollard, C The asset has a The setting makes a Ornate iron bollard currently painted Low 65 Allison Street Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the silver. The heritage value is gained from industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. its late Victorian date and rarity within setting. The assets physical the historic streetscape. surroundings are of historic materials and the asset is experienced through the surrounding townscape character. MM69 8a-10 Bordesley A The asset has a The setting makes a Row of 3 late Victorian terraced houses, Medium 80 Street Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the four storeys. The ground floor is industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. occupied by what was originally setting. The assets physical commercial units however only one of surroundings are of historic these is now used for this purpose. The materials and the asset is heritage value is gained from the rare experienced through the survival within this part of Birmingham of surrounding Victorian terraced houses. Victorian/Edwardian townscape character. MM70 119 Former W.J. Wild B The asset has an inner The setting makes a The building was originally a metal Low 90 No.3 Works, city industrial setting. valuable contribution to the stamping works and was the third of a Floodgate Street The asset contributes heritage value of the asset. number of workshops which were built to the industrial setting The assets physical by W. J. Wild along Floodgate Street.
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MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) of the Digbeth/Deritend surroundings are of historic Date inscription on building 1940. The Conservation Area. materials and the asset is building contributes to the traditional experienced through the industrial setting of the Warwick Bar surrounding townscape Conservation Area. character. MM71 1-8 Bordesley Street B The asset has a The setting makes a Row of 8 late Victorian terraced houses, Low 95 Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the three storeys. Digbeth Community industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. Garden is to the rear. The heritage setting. The assets physical value is gained from the rare survival surroundings are of historic within this part of Birmingham of materials and the asset is Victorian terraced houses. experienced through the surrounding Victorian/Edwardian townscape character. MM72 Old Works Building B The asset has a The setting makes a The building is nestled within and forms Low 100 and Stack at Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the part of a group of traditional industrial Arkinstalls Ltd, rare of industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. buildings within the Digbeth/Deritend Coventry Street. setting. The assets physical Conservation Area. surroundings are of historic materials and the asset is experienced through the surrounding Victorian/Edwardian townscape character. MM73 Offices of S. Wood C The asset has a The setting makes a The building contributes to the traditional Low 100 Ltd, Bordesley Street. Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the industrial setting of the Warwick Bar industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. Conservation Area. setting. The assets physical surroundings are of historic materials and the asset is experienced through the surrounding Victorian/Edwardian townscape character. MM74 6 Well Lane B The asset has a The setting makes a Currently pewter casting works but may Low 110 Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the have previously been a printing works or industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. an extension of the adjacent Allison
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MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) setting. The assets physical Street Works an Umbrella Furniture surroundings are of historic Works. The heritage value is gained materials and the asset is from the Late Victorian or Edwardian experienced through the design with white render façade. surrounding Victorian/Edwardian townscape character. MM75 Public Urinal within B The asset has a The setting makes a Situated underneath a railway arch on Low 115 Railway Arch Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the Allison Street. Victorian or Edwardian, industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. were known as temples of relief. The low setting. The assets physical heritage value is secured as only surroundings are of historic Birmingham and Bristol have these materials and the asset is features preserved in any significant experienced through the number. Featured highly decorative cast surrounding iron panels and is a relic of a rapidly Victorian/Edwardian expanding industrialised society. townscape character. MM76 Old Wharf P.H, B The asset has a The setting makes a Public house with 4-light windows to the Low 120 located on the corner Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the first and second floor with prominent of Coventry Street and industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. crowns supported by ornate corbels, Oxford Street. setting. The assets physical ornate parapet. Ground floor timber surroundings are of historic façade. Present on the 1889 OS materials and the asset is Birmingham Town Plan. The asset’s experienced through the heritage value comes from the historic surrounding and communal value as a traditional Victorian/Edwardian Birmingham public house within the townscape character. industrial quarter of Birmingham. MM77 135 & 136 (Key A The asset has a The setting has been Built in 1913, designed by James Medium 130 Brooks), Digbeth High Victorian/Edwardian diminished by the removal Pratchett. The assets heritage value is Street industrial inner city of the historic fabric to the gained from its Edwardian date and setting. southside of the Digbeth features of a first floor lunette, small oriel High Street and therefore windows and a green tiles frieze does not make a significant featuring ‘G. Makepeace’ the owners contribution to the heritage name, a second hand clothes seller. value of the asset. MM78 138 & 139 Digbeth B The asset has an inner The setting has been Built in 1940s as a four storey weighing Low 130 (B.V.S.) Digbeth High city setting. diminished by the removal appliances works. The heritage value is Street of the historic fabric to the gained as building heavily influenced by
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MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) southside of the Digbeth the Art Deco movement. Features a High Street and therefore three storey elongated window above does not make a significant eastern doorway topped by a protruding contribution to the heritage decorative crown. value of the asset. MM79 137 (Folio Ash) B The asset has an inner The setting has been A narrow building originally built in the Low 135 Digbeth High Street city setting. diminished by the removal 18th century but the façade was rebuilt in of the historic fabric to the in 1947 and features art deco inspired southside of the Digbeth brick work. A large 20-light window High Street and therefore occupies much of the first floor with a does not make a significant neo-classical pediment. The interior contribution to the heritage features evidence of a timber value of the asset. construction with 18th century doors with broad plain architraves. MM80 27 Alcester Street B The asset has a The setting makes a Originally built as a brass works. The Low 135 Victorian/Edwardian valuable contribution to the heritage value is gained from its setting industrial inner city heritage value of the asset. and its Victorian date and pedimented setting. The assets physical central doorway. surroundings are of historic materials and the asset is experienced through the surrounding Victorian/Edwardian townscape character. MM81 Former bank of B The asset has an inner The setting has been Commissioned by the Bank of England Low 140 England, Temple Row city setting. diminished by the removal and completed in 1972. Includes a large of the historic fabric on basement banking vault. The heritage Temple Row and therefore value is gained from its prominent does not make a significant position within Colmore Row contribution to the heritage Conservation Area and opposite St value of the asset. Philips Cathedral. MM82 Billy’s Public House. B The asset has an inner The setting makes a Public House built in 1922 (date stone) Low 150 Corner of Milk Street city setting. valuable contribution to the in brick construction. Formerly known as and Coventry Street. heritage value of the asset. Malt Shovel Inn (1889) now a The assets physical backpackers hostel. The asset’s heritage surroundings are of historic value is gained from the historic and materials and the asset is communal value as a traditional experienced through the Birmingham public house within the
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MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) surrounding industrial industrial quarter of Birmingham. townscape character. MM83 Labrea House B The asset has an inner The setting makes a Built 1948, designed by Harry Bloomer Low 150 (Former Trinidad city setting. valuable contribution to the and Son. Building of brick pillars with House), Floodgate heritage value of the asset. white render façade. Formerly known as Street The assets physical Trinidad House, then used by The surroundings are of historic General Asphalte Company Ltd and materials and the asset is currently a backpacking hostel. experienced through the surrounding industrial townscape character. MM84 Former Fairbanks B The asset has an inner The setting makes a Built 1919-1920 and the heritage value Low 165 Works (Thyssen city setting. valuable contribution to the is gained form its use as characteristic Krupp Materials (U.K. heritage value of the asset. small inter-war factory. The building has Ltd.), Fazeley Street. The assets physical a single storey and was built to produce surroundings are of historic weighing machines. Designed by James materials and the asset is and Lister Lea. experienced through the surrounding industrial townscape character. MM85 Former Gravity B The asset has an inner The setting makes a Built in 1959 its heritage value is derived Low 175 Ladders and Perfector city setting. valuable contribution to the from a restrained art deco design by Motors heritage value of the asset. Holland W. Hobbiss & M. A. H. Hobbiss. The assets physical surroundings are of historic materials and the asset is experienced through the surrounding industrial townscape character. MM86 93-96 Former W.J. B The asset has an inner The setting makes a Built in 1935 the building features a Low 175 Wild No.1 Works, city setting. valuable contribution to the symmetrical façade. With the company Floodgate Street heritage value of the asset. name W. J. Wild Ltd. over the central The assets physical doorway. The building was originally a surroundings are of historic metal stamping works but is now a salon materials and the asset is furniture showroom. The building was experienced through the the first of a number of workshops built surrounding industrial by W. J. Wild along Floodgate. townscape character.
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MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) MM87 28 Pickford Street, B The asset has an inner The setting makes a The heritage value is derived from its Low 185 Former SGB city setting. valuable contribution to the setting and Art Deco design, possibly Scaffolding, Oxford heritage value of the asset. 1930s. Street The assets physical surroundings are of historic materials and the asset is experienced through the surrounding townscape character. MM88 Former W.J. Wild B The asset has an inner The setting makes a Built in 1940, the building is of brick Low 195 No.6 Works, city setting. valuable contribution to the construction and features geometric Floodgate Street heritage value of the asset. gables. The company name W. J. Wild The assets physical Ltd. and date of construction is featured surroundings are of historic in a central panel of white render. The materials and the asset is building was originally a metal stamping experienced through the works. surrounding townscape character. MM89 Floodgate Tavern, B The asset has a post- The setting makes a Built 1785. Once a Public House, Low 195 Floodgate Street medieval industrial valuable contribution to the wooden facing to the ground floor, white inner city setting. heritage value of the asset. render above. The asset’s heritage value The assets physical comes from its setting and the historic surroundings are of historic and communal value as a traditional materials and the asset is Birmingham public house within the experienced through the industrial quarter of Birmingham. surrounding townscape character. MM90 21-25 (Britannia B The asset has an inner The setting makes a Designed by North, Robin and Wilson. Low 200 Hotel), New Street city setting. valuable contribution to the Built 1938-1956. Originally a department heritage value of the asset. store for Marshall and Snelgrove, but The assets is experienced was converted into a hotel in 1970 and through the surrounding the ground floor is now occupied by retail New Street townscape outlets. The heritage value is derived character. from its prominent location on New Street of an art deco design. MM91 The Institute (formerly B The asset has a The removal of the south The Digbeth Institute of 1906-8 by Arthur Low 5 Digbeth Civic Hall) Victorian/Edwardian side of the post-medieval Harrison is Edwardian Mannerist, its
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MM Name Grade Description of the The contribution setting Assessment of heritage value Level of Approx. No. setting of the asset makes to the value of the heritage distance asset value to centre of BEE alignment (m) including 78, 78A & industrial inner city High Street has diminished classical elements used un-structurally 79, Digbeth. setting. the setting of the asset and to indicate the steel frame beneath. therefore it is considered Doric columns supported only draped that setting does not make female figures with musical instruments. a significant contribution to Deliberate recessions between canted the value of the asset. bays above. Baroque centre piece and contrasting spiked central turret and Wren styled side cupolas.
Table A.5: Monument data within the study area (the heritage value has been assessed as low for all the following heritage assets as they are of local value) No. Preferred Reference Heritage Period Name Summary No. value MM93 MBM2560 Low Post- Albert Street buildings Historic building survey before demolition concluded that the medieval buildings were all early to mid-19th century in date MM94 MBM2082 Low Post- Curzon Street goods yard Former stables of goods yard and 18th century cultivation soil medieval MM95 MBM1987 Low Post- Digbeth Branch Canal Canal completed in 1790 medieval MM96 MBM2749 Low Post- Mill pool Mill pool for town mill or lloyds mill medieval MM97 MBM2567 Low Medieval Carrs Lane pits and gully Medieval and post-medieval clay-lined pits and gully and associated levelling deposits MM98 MBM2443 Low Medieval Freeman Street pits and soils Pits and soils containing medieval pottery, and 18th century cellars, walls, yards. MM99 MBM2458 Low Post- The Brolly Works excavation Evaluation and a small area excavation revealed 19th century
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No. Preferred Reference Heritage Period Name Summary No. value medieval cellars
MM100 MBM897 Low Medieval Birmingham moat Manor House Moat, Birmingham MM101 MBM2389 Low Post- Chapel Street structures Brick structures of 18th and 19th century date medieval MM102 MBM1688 Low Post- Turner's Brass house, Coleshill Marked on Bradford's map 1750. Consists of 9 furnaces, 3 in medieval Street each of 3 separate buildings. MM103 MBM2333 Low Post- St Bartholomew's chapel burial Mid 18th cent chapel. Evaluation showed that site of chapel and medieval ground burial ground extensively cleared, few remains. MM104 MBM2349 Low Post- Masshouse and Franciscan Site of Catholic Masshouse and Franciscan Convent, 1687-88 medieval convent MM105 MBM2463 Low Post- Masshouse Possible ditch but no other features medieval MM106 MBM2459 Low Post- Warwick Street evaluation 19th century brick buildings revealed medieval MM107 MBM2410 Low Post- 149-159 High Street Bordesley Industrial activity from 17th to 18th century, with smithing medieval residues and probable smithies. Also large tank. MM108 MBM2081 Low Medieval Gibb Street Medieval layers, with probable pottery wasters and smithing waste, and 17th-18th century clay extraction pits used for disposal of tanning waste MM109 MBM2471 Low Medieval Rear of Old Crown Remains of medieval pottery manufacture and other features MM110 MBM875 Low Medieval St John the Baptist Chapel The chapel of St John the Baptist, Deritend, was founded in the second half of 14th century MM111 MBM2501 Low Post- Digbeth rope walk Named on 1750 map
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No. Preferred Reference Heritage Period Name Summary No. value medieval
MM112 MBM1006 Low Medieval Syres House Next door to Old Crown. Family lived here from 1450 for about 100 yrs. Records of family at Aston Church MM113 MBM2383 Low Medieval Heath Mill Lane, 25-27 Medieval boundary ditch, pits post-holes and stakeholes and ironworking, and 17th or 18th century cobble surface MM114 MBM2492 Low Mesolithic Eastside prehistoric deposits Tree holes covered by peaty clay, with radiocarbon dates of c12000 BP and c10000 BP. Two worked flints at base of deposit. Pollen suggests Boreal date. Overlying layer of charcoal. Also 18th century and later features. MM115 MBM1239 Low Post- Hall Green college Annexe to Hall Green technical college medieval MM116 MBM2398 Low Medieval Bradford Street mill race and other Probable remains of the tail race of a water mill and industries features such as leather tanning. MM117 MBM2359 Low Medieval Deritend bridge former pool, pit and Former pool, channel and large flax retting pit channel MM118 MBM2756 Low Post- Former course of River Rea Course of River Rea in early 18th century medieval MM119 MBM2267 Low Medieval High Street Deritend medieval Medieval pottery found during watching brief of 1953 on High St. pottery Deritend road widening work. MM120 MBM2266 Low Post- Green Street, Deritend 17th/i8th c 17th/18th Century Pottery found during salvage excavation medieval pottery November 1983 MM121 MBM2757 Low Post- Deritend button workshop and Excavation revealed 19th century button-maker's workshop and medieval possible medieval features some possible medieval features MM122 MBM1740 Low Post- Town mill and Lloyd's mill Water-powered corn mill from 16th century or earlier, later also a
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No. Preferred Reference Heritage Period Name Summary No. value medieval slitting mill
MM123 MBM2320 Low Post- Floodgate Street tanning site Documentary evidence for 18th century and earlier tanning. 17th medieval century waterlogged deposits surviving under 19th century cellars. MM124 MBM2357 Low Post- High Street Deritend, 170 Former channel of R Rea, with probable remains of 18th and 19th medieval century industry and potentially earlier remains including waterlogged organic deposits MM125 MBM2493 Low Post- Coach station industrial debris Ivory working and button making medieval MM126 MBM2754 Low Medieval Watercourse Stream leading from mill pool to River Rea MM127 MBM2755 Low Medieval Pool Pool on south side of Digbeth/High Street Deritend MM128 MBM2083 Low Post- Oxford Street gasholders Two gasholders shown on Pigott Smith map. medieval MM129 MBM2077 Low Medieval Hartwell Smithfield garage, east Evaluation by trial trenching demonstrated the survival of part "islands" of archaeological deposits. MM130 MBM2296 Low Medieval Hartwell Smithfield garage- west Medieval pits recorded in evaluation and watching brief. Surviving part stratigraphy also observed in test pits MM131 MBM2460 Low Post- Oxford Street test pits Buried remains of 19th century date observed in geotechnical test medieval pits MM132 MBM2290MBM155 Low Post- Digbeth/Deritend medieval and Extent of Digbeth/Deritend Medieval and post-medieval medieval post-medieval settlement, settlement City Centre B2. Intended for the town hall during the Unknown building of which, in 1833, John Heap and Will MM133 MBM2345MBM733 Low Post- Baptist meeting house. Unknown Site of Baptist Meeting House, built 1729Formerly listed as medieval Obelisk to FG Buranby (1842-1885). Late C19. Portland stone.
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No. Preferred Reference Heritage Period Name Summary No. value MM134 MBM2343 Low Post- Freeman Street, numbers 7, 8 and 18th to 20th century buildings medieval 8a MM135 MBM2346 Low Post- Gough's hide yard Hide yard in existence by 1889 medieval MM136 MBM2347 Low Post- Ditch or watercourse North-south ditch or watercourse in 1553 survey medieval MM137 MBM2348 Low Post- Park Street gardens burial ground Overspill burial ground for St Martin's church medieval MM138 MBM2350 Low Post- Playhouse Playhouse in existence by 1750 medieval MM139 MBM1739 Low Post- Mill Watermill medieval MM140 MBM2753 Low Medieval Head race to town mill Head race to Town Mill. Runs into mill pool. MM141 MBM2338 Low Medieval Moor Street medieval and post- Excavated remains consisting of a ditch, pits, wells and layers medieval features MM142 MBM2337 Low Post- Park Street medieval and post Excavated remains consisting of boundary ditches, pits, graves medieval medieval features and timber-lined tanks MM143 MBM2272 Low Post- Park Street and Bordesley street Buried soil c.1700 A.D., pit, and one medieval pottery sherd. medieval MM144 MBM2344 Low Post- Freeman Street Freeman Street was laid out between 1727 and 1731. medieval MM145 MBM2381 Low Post- Park Street, 27-28 19th century building and potentially earlier below-ground medieval remains
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No. Preferred Reference Heritage Period Name Summary No. value MM146 MBM2489 Low Medieval Digbeth burgage plots, boundary Surviving burgage plot boundaries. Evaluation revealed boundary ditch, tanning and environmental ditch, medieval and post- medieval tanning and organic deposits deposits with excellent pollen and beetle survival. MM147 MBM877 Low Medieval Priory or hospital of St Thomas the Priory or Hospital of St Thomas, first mentioned 1286 apostle MM148 MBM2363 Low Post- St Philips churchyard and former Burials in churchyard and former churchyard medieval churchyard MM149 MBM2472 Low Medieval Medieval boundary ditch Ditch revealed in evaluation and excavation. Southern arm of ditch was c7m wide and c2.4m deep and contained substantial environmentally rich deposits. Part of northern arm was found and was cut by a lime tank base MM150 MBM578 Low Post- Cannon Street bank Includes No.10, Cherry Street. 1881-2 in an Arts and Crafts style medieval by JL Ball MM151 MBM990 Low Post- High Street tenement Medieval tenement (?) at 46-49, High St. Cellars were examined medieval when Marks & Spencers expanded MM152 MBM884 Low Post- Stone cross The Stone cross at the nether end of Dale End, probably marked medieval the limit or end of the manor of Birmingham MM153 MBM954 Low Post- Dale End mill house Windmill. It is uncertain whether a windmill actually existed - only medieval the mill house is recorded. MM154 MBM878 Low Neolithic Deritend polished stone axe A polished stone axe was found in Sept 1953 during road widening on the N side of High St Deritend MM155 MBM2136 Low Post- High Street 16th century house Old house of wood and plaster constructed in 1567 was medieval demolished by William Hutton in 1775. MM156 MBM1775 Low Roman Birmingham garden roman coin Dupondius of Vespasian - found in Birmingham Garden. No unknown location more precise location is known.
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No. Preferred Reference Heritage Period Name Summary No. value MM157 MBM1766 Low Medieval St Philip's churchyard medieval Medieval sherd found by Mr B Carter while walking through St sherd Philip's churchyard
Table A.6: Event data within the study area (these are records of evaluation work undertaken and are not heritage assets) MM No. Event I.D. Name MM158 EBM246 27-28 Park Street desk-based assessment MM159 EBM51 Curzon Street building recording MM160 EBM623 Fox and Grapes building recording 2006 MM161 EBM635 Park Street Gardens watching brief MM162 EBM568 Warwick Bar Canalside features MM163 EBM348 Warwick Bar Conservation Area assessment and recording MM164 EBM624 Curzon Park desk based assessment 2007 MM165 EBM346 Walker Building watching brief MM166 EBM377 Hartwell Smithfield garage test pits MM167 EBM393 Connaught square watching brief MM168 EBM394 Connaught square desk-based assessment MM169 EBM404 Digbeth coach station evaluation and excavation MM170 EBM425 Typhoo Wharf Desk-Based Assessment MM171 EBM494 Rea Street Excavation Area 1
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MM No. Event I.D. Name MM172 EBM350 Curzon Park desk based assessment 2005 MM173 EBM366 Curzon Street watching brief MM174 EBM279 149-159 High Street Bordesley desk-based assessment and evaluation MM175 EBM345 Warwick Street evaluation MM176 EBM363 149-159 High Street MM177 EBM148 Green Street salvage recording MM178 EBM594 Bull Ring Trading Estate Desk-based Assessment MM179 EBM595 High Street Deritend salvage recording 1953 MM180 EBM598 Deritend excavation MM181 EBM600 Custard Factory/ 210 High Street desk-based assessment MM182 EBM531 Old Crown watching brief MM183 EBM502 25-27 Heath Mill Lane excavation MM184 EBM247 25-27 Heath Mill Lane evaluation MM185 EBM23 Gibb Street evaluation MM186 EBM503 Gibb Street excavation MM187 EBM241 Floodgate Street excavation MM188 EBM530 Old Crown evaluation
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MM No. Event I.D. Name MM189 EBM601 Custard Factory/ 210 High Street building recording MM190 EBM239 Floodgate Street desk-based assessment MM191 EBM479 Building Survey of Eastside Plot 42 MM192 EBM380 Digbeth cold store area MM193 EBM381 Digbeth cold store area desk-based assessment MM194 EBM205 Hartwell Smithfield evaluation MM195 EBM255 Trenches at St Bartholomew's chapel site, Albert Street and Chapel Street MM196 EBM441 St Bartholomew's chapel watching brief MM197 EBM20 Park street/ Bordesley Street evaluation MM198 EBM365 Curzon Street evaluation MM199 EBM216 St Bartholomew's Chapel evaluation MM200 EBM316 Freeman Street evaluation MM201 EBM240 Floodgate Street evaluation MM202 EBM4 Old Crown historic building assessment MM203 EBM128 Birmingham Moat Salvage Recording MM204 EBM604 Beorma Quarter excavation MM205 EBM242 170 High Street evaluation
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MM No. Event I.D. Name MM206 EBM495 Rea Street excavation Area 2 MM207 EBM271 312-314 Bradford Street desk based assessment MM208 EBM1 Hartwell Smithfield Garage Desk-Based Assessment MM209 EBM9 Hartwell Smithfield Garage evaluation MM210 EBM170 Hartwell Smithfield Garage Watching brief= MM211 EBM160 Hartwell Smithfield garage watching brief 1997 MM212 EBM382 Digbeth Cold Store Evaluation MM213 EBM432 Park Street/Allison Street desk-based assessment MM214 EBM433 Park Street excavation MM215 EBM435 Moor Street excavation 2000 MM216 EBM424 Banbury Street BCU excavation MM217 EBM320 Freeman Street building recording MM218 EBM321 Freeman Street building recording during demolition MM219 EBM335 Ditch evaluation MM220 EBM351 Masshouse Plot 7 evaluation MM221 EBM392 BCU Eastside Evaluation MM222 EBM424 Banbury Street BCU excavation
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
MM No. Event I.D. Name MM223 EBM403 Digbeth Coach Station Archaeological Desk Based Assessment MM224 EBM646 Orwell Passage watching brief MM225 EBM489 Carrs Lane Desk-based assessment MM226 EBM491 Carrs Lane excavation MM227 EBM436 Edgbaston Street desk-based assessment MM228 EBM422 Colmore Row and St Philip's Place watching brief MM229 EBM421 St Philip's Place watching brief MM230 EBM423 St Philip's churchyard desk-based assessment MM231 EBM434 Moor Street, Bull Ring and Park Street archaeological assessment MM232 EBM533 St Philip's churchyard watching brief MM233 EBM532 St Philip's churchyard watching brief on test pits MM234 EBM445 Midland Metro extension MM235 EBM413 Floodgate Street, Digbeth, Birmingham: An Archaeological Evaluation MM236 EBM428 Small Brooke Queensway desk based assessment MM237 EBM427 Open markets evaluation
89 MMD/300207/HS30/DOC/0000/1041/B October 2016 http://pims01/pims/llisapi.dll?func=ll&objId=2093550168&objAction=browse&viewType=1
Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
90 MMD/300207/HS30/DOC/0000/1041 B August 2016 http://pims01/pims/llisapi.dll?func=ll&objId=2091112192&objAction=browse&viewType=1
Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
B. Selected photographs from the proposed development area
Figure 0.1: Birmingham East Side City Park, looking east towards British Rail Goods Office (Curzon Street Station) (MM05). The BEE will head to the right of the picture across to New Canal Street. The location of the digger is very close to the Birmingham City University Eastside Campus Banbury Street site which produced significant results dating from the Late Upper Palaeolithic to Early Mesolithic (MM146).
Source: MM 2016
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
Figure 0.2: Meriden Street, Digbeth, looking west towards High Street Deritend. To the right is Digbeth Coach Station and the rest of the building on the south side of the dual carriageway are mostly of 1970s-1980s date. On the north side of the road, the buildings are mostly late Victorian/Edwardian date. The BEE will extend along the centre of the dual carriageway pictured.
Source: MM 2016
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Birmingham Eastside Extension Historic Environment Technical Information
Figure 0.3: High Street Deritend, looking west towards Digbeth and Birmingham city centre. In the foreground is The Old Crown (MM07). On the other side of Heath Mill Lane, Devonshire Works (MM09) is situated. The BEE will terminate in front of Devonshire Works.
Source: MM 2016
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