Our Water Resources * Water Is the Most

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Our Water Resources * Water is the most important thing on the earth. - It is a free gift of nature. - Life is not possible without water. - We depend on water for all our needs. The uses of water are- * Drinking * Bathing * Washing * Cleaning * Cooking * Irrigation “Irrigation means supplying water to land or crops”. The various means of water resources are- * It is the best means of irrigation. But still we can’t depend only on rains for our irrigation. Reasons- - We don’t have rains throughout the year. - We get rains mostly in the months of July to August. - Sometimes rains are too late. - Sometimes it is too early. - Sometimes it is too heavy which cause flood. - Sometimes it is not at all which cause famines. (Drought) 2) Rivers:- “A large natural stream of water is called as river”. * Some of the important and big rivers in India are: A) The Himalayan Rivers- - The Satluj, Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra. - These rivers rise in the Himalayas and have plenty of water throughout the year. B) Deccan/Southern Plateau Rivers:- - The Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri. - These rivers rise in the Southern plateau and have water during rainy season. 3) Canals:- “Canal is a channel of water drawn from a river or dam”. - It is man-made river. - We have many canals in our country. Ex- Indira Gandhi Canal - These canals supply water for irrigation. - Canal works as a major source of irrigation in the state of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. 4) Dams:- “Dams are strong walls built across the rivers”. - These are man-made lakes. - Water is stored for various purposes. Ex- Irrigation, producing electricity, drinking, washing, cooking etc. * Many big dams have been built across rivers in our country. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru called these dams the ‘new temples of modern India’. Dams Rivers Bhakra Nangal Dam Satluj Gandhi Sagar Dam Chambal Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Krishna Hirakud Dam Mahanadi Kosi Dam Kosi Mettur Dam Kaveri 4) Wells and tube wells:- * Wells are used as a domestic source of water from ancient time. - It is also used for irrigation. * The area where water level is very low, tube wells are built over there. - These tube wells are run by diesel engines or electrical motors. 5) Tanks:- In hilly areas, it is very difficult to dig wells and tube wells. - Big tanks are built. - Rain water is stored. - This water is used for irrigation and other purposes. - In the state of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan and Karnataka we can see this kind of arrangement. .

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6. Water Quality ------61 6.1 Surface Water Quality Observations ------61 6.2 Ground Water Quality Observations ------62 7
Version 2.0 Krishna Basin Preface Optimal management of water resources is the necessity of time in the wake of development and growing need of population of India. The National Water Policy of India (2002) recognizes that development and management of water resources need to be governed by national perspectives in order to develop and conserve the scarce water resources in an integrated and environmentally sound basis. The policy emphasizes the need for effective management of water resources by intensifying research efforts in use of remote sensing technology and developing an information system. In this reference a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on December 3, 2008 between the Central Water Commission (CWC) and National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to execute the project “Generation of Database and Implementation of Web enabled Water resources Information System in the Country” short named as India-WRIS WebGIS. India-WRIS WebGIS has been developed and is in public domain since December 2010 (www.india- wris.nrsc.gov.in). It provides a ‘Single Window solution’ for all water resources data and information in a standardized national GIS framework and allow users to search, access, visualize, understand and analyze comprehensive and contextual water resources data and information for planning, development and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Basin is recognized as the ideal and practical unit of water resources management because it allows the holistic understanding of upstream-downstream hydrological interactions and solutions for management for all competing sectors of water demand. The practice of basin planning has developed due to the changing demands on river systems and the changing conditions of rivers by human interventions.
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Environmental Geology
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