Edward Ellis Smith Papers
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Stalin's Baku Curve: a Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution
Stalin’s Baku Curve: A Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution by Fuad Akhundov A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education Leadership Higher and Adult Education, OISE University of Toronto © Copyright by Fuad Akhundov 2016 Stalin’s Baku Curve: A Detonating Mixture of Crime and Revolution Fuad Akhundov Master of Arts in Education Leadership Higher and Adult Education, OISE University of Toronto 2016 Abstract The Stalin’s Baku Curve, a Detonating Mix of Crime and Revolution presents a brief insight into the early period of activities of one of the most ominous political figures of the 20th century – Joseph Stalin. The major emphasis of the work is made on Stalin’s period in Baku in 1902-1910. A rapidly growing industrial hub providing almost half of the world’s crude oil, Baku was in the meantime a brewery of revolutionary ideas. Heavily imbued with crime, corruption and ethnic tensions, the whole environment provided an excellent opportunity for Stalin to undergo his “revolutionary universities” through extortion, racketeering, revolutionary propaganda and substantial incarceration in Baku’s famous Bailov prison. Along with this, the Baku period brought Stalin into close contact with the then Russian secret police, Okhranka. This left an indelible imprint on Stalin’s character and ruling style as an irremovable leader of the Soviet empire for almost three decades. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work became possible due to the tremendous input of several scholars whom I want to hereby recognize. The first person I owe the paper Stalin’s Baku Curve, a Detonating Mix of Crime and Revolution to is Simon Sebag Montefiore, an indefatigable researcher of former Soviet and pre-Soviet history whom I had a pleasure of working with in Baku back in 1995. -
Chronology of Stalin's Life
Chronology of Stalin's Life ('Old Style' to February 1918) 1879 9 Dec Born in Gori. 1888 Sept Enters clerical elementary school in Gori. 1894 Sept Enters theological seminary in Tbilisi. 1899 May Expelled from seminary. 1900 Apr Addresses worker demonstration near Tbilisi. 1902 Apr Arrested in Batumi following worker demonstration of which he was an organizer. 1903 July-Aug Appearance of Lenin's Bolshevik faction at the Second Congress of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Stalin not present). 1904 Jan Escapes from place of exile in Siberia and returns to underground revolutionary work in Transcaucasia. 1905 Revolution, reaching peak in Oct-Dec. threatens the survival of the tsarist government. Stalin marries Ekaterina Svanidze. Dec Attends Bolshevik conference. also attended by Lenin, in Tammerfors, Finland. 1906 Apr Attends 'Unity' congress of party in Stockholm. 1907 Mar Birth of first child, Yakov. Apr Publishes first substantial piece of writing, 'Anarchism or Socialism?' Apr-May Attends party congress in London. Jun Moves operations to Baku. Oct Death of his wife, Ekaterina. 1908 Mar Arrested in Baku. 317 318 Chronology of Stalin's Life 1909 June Escapes from place of exile, Solvychegodsk, returns to underground in Baku. 1910 Mar Arrested and jailed. Oct Returned to exile in Solvychegodsk. 1911 June Police permit his legal residence in Vologda. Sept Illegally goes to St Petersburg but is arrested and returned to Vologda. 1912 Jan Bolshevik conference in Prague at which Lenin attempts to establish his control of party; Stalin not present but soon after is co-opted to new Central Committee. Apr Illegally moves to St Petersburg, but is arrested there. -
The Reflection of Communist Ideology in the Street Naming Policy in Soviet Tbilisi (1922-1939)
E. Bodaveli / Analytical Bulletin 8 (2015) The Reflection of Communist Ideology in the Street Naming Policy in Soviet Tbilisi (1922-1939) Elene Bodaveli Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University ([email protected]) Keywords: toponyms, Tbilisi streets, soviet identity, communist ideology, Soviet Union, revolutionist, street naming policy, bolsheviks The Soviet Union, as a single state created a system to unite peoples with different identities and historic pasts. To achieve this goal and create a new Soviet citizen, long-term and diverse reforms were implemented in the organization of political life and the structure of the government, which were directly related to daily life. This article focuses on the example of Soviet Georgia--based on the materials related to the capital Tbilisi--and presents the policy of the Soviet Union on the changing of toponyms, or assigning new names to both existing and newly-built streets, and examining how this reflected the formation of the new Soviet identity in the citizens of Soviet Tbilisi in the early Soviet period (1922-1939). The article considers in detail the history of toponyms of Tbilisi streets from the time of their creation, and covers the changes that occurred in various periods, in order to clarify the policy of the Soviet Government in Tbilisi. This helps show the principle that guided the leadership when assigning names to central streets. Also, it explains how the Soviet authorities tried to influence the local identity by using toponymy. The topic discusses micro-toponyms that, unlike macro-toponyms usually are more conservative and less subject to political and ideological influences. However, they are not a minor part of the reform process. -
High Treason: Essays on the History of the Red Army 1918-1938, Volume II
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH TITLE : HIG H TREASON: ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF TH E RED ARMY 1918-193 8 VOLUME I I AUTHOR . VITALY RAPOPOR T YURI ALEXEE V CONTRACTOR : CENTER FOR PLANNING AND RESEARCH, .INC . R . K . LAURINO, PROJECT DIRECTO R PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : VLADIMIR TREML, CHIEF EDITO R BRUCE ADAMS, TRANSLATOR - EDITO R COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 626- 3 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or i n part from funds provided by the National Council for Sovie t and East European Research . HIGH TREASO N Essays in the History of the Red Army 1918-1938 Volume I I Authors : Vitaly N . Rapopor t an d Yuri Alexeev (pseudonym ) Chief Editor : Vladimir Trem l Translator and Co-Editor : Bruce Adam s June 11, 198 4 Integrative Analysis Project o f The Center for Planning and Research, Inc . Work on this Project supported by : Tte Defense Intelligence Agency (Contract DNA001-80-C-0333 ) an d The National Council for Soviet and East European Studies (Contract 626-3) PART FOU R CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE RKK A Up to now we have spoken of Caligula as a princeps . It remains to discuss him as a monster . Suetoniu s There is a commandment to forgive our enemies , but there is no commandment to forgive our friends . L . Medic i Some comrades think that repression is the main thing in th e advance of socialism, and if repression does not Increase , there is no advance . Is that so? Of course it is not so . -
Forgotten Lessons of the Russian Empire†
A LOST WAR ON TERROR: FORGOTTEN LESSONS † OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE Alexander N. Domrin* INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 63 I. RUSSIAN HISTORY OF CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS ....................................... 65 II. EUROPEAN EXAMPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL CRISES AND EMERGENCY STATUTES ................................................................................................. 67 III. RUSSIAN EMERGENCY LAW OF 1881 ..................................................... 69 IV. THE GOLDEN AGE OF RUSSIAN LAW ..................................................... 70 V. IMPLEMENTATION IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY ....................... 81 VI. RUSSIAN EMERGENCY LAW IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT ......................... 89 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 93 INTRODUCTION The strength of a society based on the rule of law can be measured by its ability to cope with extraordinary situations. It is under these conditions that constitutional guarantees of individual rights are in the greatest tension with the state’s need for self–preservation. There are times in any nation when extraordinary power must be used, notwithstanding many risks that are run when a state of exception (a.k.a. state of emergency, national emergency, state of siege, state of alert, state of readiness, situation of public danger, regime of full powers, regime of counterterrorist operations, prompt measures of security, etc., as referred -
Okhrana Records
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt538nf189 Online items available Register of the Okhrana records Finding aid prepared by Andrej Kobal and Sally DeBauche Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, 94305-6010 (650) 723-3563 [email protected] © 1964, 2016 Register of the Okhrana records 26001 1 Title: Okhrana records Date (inclusive): 1883-1917 Collection Number: 26001 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of Material: Russian Physical Description: 232 manuscript boxes, 86 card file boxes, 6 oversize boxes(194.6 linear feet) Abstract: Intelligence reports from agents in the field and the Paris office, dispatches, circulars, headquarters studies, correspondence of revolutionaries, and photographs, relating to activities of Russian revolutionists abroad. Collection is available on microfilm (509 reels). Digital copies of select records also available at https://digitalcollections.hoover.org. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Russia. Departament politsii. Zagranichnaia agentura (Paris) Access Microfilm use only. Digital copies of select records also available at https://digitalcollections.hoover.org. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Okhrana records, [Index number, Folder number], Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 1926. -
Notes on Stalin 2016
Notes on Stalin 2016 Joseph Stalin created around his rule a formidable cult of personality that has been interpreted in many ways, as a product of Russia’s recent feudal past, as reflecting the inevitable outcome of centralized, authoritarian politics; or as a reflection of Stalin’s own psychology. Isaac Deutscher’s Stalin: A Political Biography, roots Stalin’s tyranny in the psychology of his class and ethnic background. Deutscher opens the story in 1875 at the time Stalin’s father, Vissarion Ivanovich Djugashvili, left his native village to work as an independent shoemaker in the Georgian town of Gori. He establishes three essential biographical details about Stalin. His father was born a peasant, a “chattel slave to some Georgian landlord”;1 in fact, ten years before, Stalin’s grandparents had been serfs. Like his father, Stalin’s mother, Ekaterina Gheladze, was also born a serf.2 When Stalin was born, on 6 December 1878 (Baptised Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashvili), he was the first of her children to survive—two sons had died in infancy.3 Deutscher considers Stalin’s class origins to be central to an understanding of his subsequent biography. Serfdom, he claimed, “permeated the whole atmosphere” of Stalin’s early life, weighing heavily on “human relations …, psychological attitudes, upon the whole manner of life.”4 In this world of “[c]rude and open dependence of man upon man, a rigid undisguised social hierarchy, primitive violence and lack of human dignity,” the chief weapons of the oppressed were “[d]issimulation, deception, and violence,” traits, he argues, that Stalin was to exhibit at many points of his political career.5 Second, Stalin wasn’t Russian; his nationality and first language were Georgian. -
The Overview of the Memory Politics of Georgia
The Overview of the Memory Politics of Georgia This material has been financed by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida nad the Open Society Institute Budapest Foundation (OSI). Responsibility for the content rests entirely with the creator. Sida and the Open Society Institute Budapest Foundation (OSI) do not necessarily share the expressed views and interpretations. 1 Table of Contents Legal Dimension ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Lustration ................................................................................................................................................. 3 The Prevention of the Re-Emergence of Totalitarian Ideologies and the Spread of Totalitarian Symbolic ................................................................................................................................................... 6 The Rehabilitation of Victims ............................................................................................................... 14 Institutional Dimension ............................................................................................................................. 16 State Institutions/Organizations ............................................................................................................ 16 Non-Governmental Organizations ...................................................................................................... -
Stalin: from Terrorism to State Terror, 1905-1939 Matthew Alw Z St
St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in History Department of History 5-2017 Stalin: From Terrorism to State Terror, 1905-1939 Matthew alW z St. Cloud State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/hist_etds Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Walz, Matthew, "Stalin: From Terrorism to State Terror, 1905-1939" (2017). Culminating Projects in History. 10. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/hist_etds/10 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in History by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Stalin: From Terrorism to State Terror, 1905-1939 by Matthew Walz A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St. Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History May, 2017 Thesis Committee: Marie Seong-Hak Kim, Chairperson Mary Wingerd Edward Greaves Plamen Miltenoff 2 Abstract While scholars continue to debate the manner in which the Great Terror took shape in the Soviet Union, Stalin’s education as a revolutionary terrorist leader from 1905-1908 is often overlooked as a causal feature. This thesis analyzes the parallels between the revolutionary terrorists in Russia in the first decade of the twentieth century, particularly within Stalin’s Red Brigade units, and the henchmen carrying out the Great Terror of the 1930s. Both shared characteristics of loyalty, ruthlessness and adventurism while for the most part lacking any formal education and existing in a world of paranoia. -
Lenin Included in Volumes 26-31 of This Edition
W O R K E R S O F A L L C O U N T R I E S , U N I T E! L E N I N COLLECTED WORKS 44 A THE RUSSIAN EDITION WAS PRINTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH A DECISION OF THE NINTH CONGRESS OF THE R.C.P.(B.) AND THE SECOND CONGRESS OF SOVIETS OF THE U.S.S.R. ИНCTИTУT МАРÇCИзМА — ЛЕНИНИзМА пpи ЦK KНCC B. n. l d H n H С О Ч И Н E Н И Я И з д a н u е ч е m в е p m o e ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ M О С К В А V. I. L E N I N cOLLEcTED WORKS VOLUME 44 October 1o17–November 1o 20 PROGRESS PUBLISHERS MOSCOW TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN BY CLEMENS DUTT EDITED BY BERNARD ISAACS From Marx to Mao M L © Digital Reprints 2014 www.marx2mao.com First printing 1970 Second printing 1975 Third printing 1977 10102—213 л беэ объявл. 014 (01)—77 7 C O N T E N T S Page Preface ........................ 35 1917 1. INSTRUCTION TO THE RED GUARD STAFF. October 30 (November 1?) ................... 43 2. TO THE PETROGRAD COMMITTEE OF THE R.S.D.L.P.(B.). November ? (15) .................. 43 3. TO Y. M. SVERDLOV. Not earlier than November 8 (?1) . 44 4. TO THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION OF THE LABOUR PRESS OF AMERICA, FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN. November, prior to 10 (?3) ...... 44 5. TO MAJOR-GENERAL S. I. ODINTSOV. November 15 (?8). -
1907 TIFLIS BANK ROBBERY 1 ° N
POLITICAL PARTY FUNDING : 1907 TIFLIS BANK ROBBERY 1 ° n f o l i a t e D Weekly transmission 26-2018 presents: Tbilisi's pre-1936 international designation Tiflis II e 1907 Tiflis Bank Robbery, also known as the Yerevan Square Expropriation III -VII Weekly Drawing by éophile Bouchet: “Yerevan Square ” VIII Tbilisuri Street Pavement Studies, 8 silver prints 1-8 Previous transmissions can be found at: www.plantureux.fr 6 ° n f o l i a t e D Tbilisi - Tiflis “Tbilisi (in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis) is the capital of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of 1.5 million people ... The history of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, dates back to at least the 5 th century AD. Since its foundation, Tbilisi has been an important cultural, political and economic center of the Caucasus and served, with intermissions, as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Under the Russian rule, from 1801 to 1917 it was called Tiflis and held the seat of the Imperial Viceroy governing both sides of the entire Caucasus ... By the 1850s Tbilisi once again emerged as a major trade and a cultural center. The likes of Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, Mirza Fatali Akhundzade, Iakob Gogebashvili, Alexander Griboedov and many other statesmen, poets, and artists all found their home in Tbilisi. The city was visited on numerous occasions by and was the object of affection of Alexander Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy, Mikhail Lermontov, the Romanov Family and others. Tbilisi acquired different architectural monuments and the attributes of an international city, as well as its own urban folklore and language, and the specific Tbilisuri (literally, belonging to Tbilisi) culture.. -
The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule
The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule The Caucasus is a strategically and economically important region in contempo- rary global affairs. Western interest in the Caucasus has grown rapidly since 1991, fuelled by the admixture of oil politics, great power rivalry, ethnic separatism and terrorism that characterizes the region. However, until now there has been little understanding of how these issues came to assume the importance they have today. This book argues that understanding the Soviet legacy in the region is critical to analysing both the new states of the Transcaucasus and the autonomous territories of the North Caucasus. It examines the impact of Soviet rule on the Caucasus, focusing in particular on the period from 1917 to 1955. Important questions cov- ered include how the Soviet Union created ‘nations’ out of the diverse peoples of the North Caucasus; the true nature of the 1917 revolution; the role and effects of forced migration in the region; how over time the constituent nationalities of the region came to redefine themselves; and how Islamic radicalism came to assume the importance it continues to hold today. A cauldron of war, revolution and foreign interventions – from the British and Ottoman Turks to the oil-hungry armies of Hitler’s Third Reich – the Caucasus and the policies and actors it produced (not least Stalin, ‘Sergo’ Ordzhonikidze and Anastas Mikoian) both shaped the Soviet experiment in the twentieth century and appear set to continue to shape the geopolitics of the twenty-first. Making unprecedented use of memoirs, archives and published sources, this book is an invaluable aid for scholars, political analysts and journalists alike to understanding one of the most important borderlands of the modern world.