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Download Article Advances in Engineering Research, volume 177 International Symposium on Engineering and Earth Sciences (ISEES 2018) Tourism and Its Influence on the Environment and Living Standards of the Local Population Rudsky V.V. Dugarskaya Т.А. Department of SKS and tourism Department of general disciplines Gzhel State University Gzhel State University Elektroizolyator, Russia Elektroizolyator, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Mechkovskaya О.А. Sidorov I.V. Department of SKS and tourism Department of SKS and tourism Gzhel State University Gzhel State University Elektroizolyator, Russia Elektroizolyator, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract- The studies on tourism activities aim to assess the environmental changes and is one of the primary scale and nature of human impact on the environment of Russian anthropogenic impact on natural landscapes and living regions taking into account the experience of Russian and foreign standards of the population. Tourism can have positive and researchers. It was identified that changes in using natural negative impacts on natural-economic systems. resources, including recreational environmental management, are an important factor influencing regional and global The positive impact is manifested through the system of environmental changes and is one of the primary anthropogenic protected natural territories, some of which, for example, impacts on natural landscapes and living standards of the national parks or UNESCO World Heritage were created for population. establishing an optimal ratio of the categories “use” and “protection” within these objects. It helped solve problems of Keywords-: tourism, recreational nature management, ecological state, living standards, environment, landscape. preserving natural potential of landscapes actively used by humans for recreational purposes. The category “use” implies I. INTRODUCTION violation and destruction of natural landscapes, but controlled The relevance of the study is due to acceleration of natural- use minimizes the negative component of the use of the resource potential development in various regions, territory for recreational purposes. transformation of the environment, uncertainty of structural Environmental and geographical researches carried out in and spatial changes in environmental management. These various regions of the Russian Federation (Siberia, Central facts cause instability of public preferences at the local level Russia) in the 1990s and 2000s as well as the experience of which reduces effectiveness of regional policies aiming to Belarusian and German researchers in various international improve living standards of the population. Existing programs and grants (INTAS, USAD “Local Entrepreneurship unreasonable ideas about environmental management of the and Economic Development ” implemented by UNDP in the region being put into practice face underevaluation of own Republic of Belarus in 2012-2015) helped develop knowledge about the region and overvaluation of coordinated approaches to economic and environmental issues "inexhaustibility" of its natural resources. based on rational environmental management, preserving Tourism as an important economic sector can stir discord in biodiversity and environmental protection [26,27]. in the stable environmental management system causing The research aims to develop and coordinate areas of significant changes in environment and national economy recreational use of the regions of Russia and CIS countries development. The studies on tourism activities aim to assess (using the example of the Republic of Belarus) in the context the scale and nature of human impact on environmental of development of new social economic and environmental management in Russian regions taking into account the relations. experience of foreign researchers. The studies were carried out in various regions of Russia (Altai Krai, the Altai Republic, For this purpose, the following tasks were solved: the Republic of Khakassia, Smolensk and Moscow regions), 1. To choose model territories to justify their recreational and the Republic of Belarus. We identified that environmental development changes in recreational environmental management is an 2. To assess recreational potential of model territories. important factor influencing regional and global Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 85 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 177 3. To suggest specific activities for tourism their own cultural traditions: nature and type of settlement, development in the regions. appearance of the local environment, and peculiarities of nature management. Long coexistence of these peoples within 4. To justify creation of tourist and recreational one region enriched their cultural traditions and formed systems taking into account social, economic and original cultural landscapes. environmental factors. At the same time, inherited national features of the spatial 5. To use foreign experience, involve experts from dynamics of local population groups are preserved. To identify developed European countries at all stages. territorial interest development trends, it is necessary to compare results of the previous studies on social economic II.METHODS AND MATERIALS transformation of the countryside of the Russian Federation Researches [1–9, 12, 14, 16, 20,21, 24, 25] were the and the Republic of Belarus and new data. This monitoring theoretical and methodological basis of the study. When will contribute to sustainable social economic development of choosing and justifying research methods, several approaches, the region. To compare the old and new data, various including regional and systemic ones, were used. The regional sociological methods, including questioning, and approach used for studying interaction of the environment and mathematical methods for processing statistical data were society aims to explain differences in spatial organization of used. human activities, create the spatial structure of these activities Most of the methodological ideas of our project are which reflects the resource potential of the territory and consistent with the European Landscape Convention (2000) eternal social values . which continues to preserve the natural and cultural heritage The system approach assumes that the object under study initiated by other European agreements. These are the is examined at various spatial levels which allows for Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and identification of causes and effects of various object states, Habitats (1979), the Convention on the Protection of the directions of state changes, expansion of possibilities for Architectural Heritage of Europe (1985), the European controlling system-forming processes. Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (1992), the European Convention on Transboundary Implementation of these approaches to solve tourism and Cooperation between Territorial Communities or Authorities recreation problems in territorial environmental management (1980) and its additional Protocols, European Charter of Local systems makes it necessary to consider the environment and Self-Government (1985), the Convention on Biological society of the region as well as territorial recreational systems Diversity (Rio, 1992), The Convention on the Protection of the and clusters as separate subsystems. World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), The Convention The environment is characterized by the landscape on Accessibility and information and public participation in structure which transforms under the influence of various decision-making, as well as legal participation in types of environmental management, including recreational environmental issues (1998). environmental management. Therefore, the modern landscape We believe that the quality and diversity of landscapes is a structure of the territory is a combination of natural and common recreational resource. Therefore, cooperation in natural anthropogenic landscapes. Various correlations management and tourism and recreation planning in the post- between the landscapes of these two groups within the region Soviet space and adjacent territories is crucial. create “local environments” which, on the one hand, reflect the nature of experience in exploiting the resource potential of the local society; on the other hand, they reveal problems III. RESULTS caused by interaction of traditional and new methods of At the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty- economic activities. first century, we carried out special ecological and geographical researches in the Altai-Sayan mountain region. Thus, compulsory methods for studying the environment The researches aimed to develop a network of specially are as follows: mapping using GIS technology, historical, protected natural territories with regard to recreation and factor analysis, modeling, zoning. Studies on the landscape tourism development potential [18]. National parks, including structure of the region as an aspect of the environment Katunsk national park which were designed in the late 1990s, contribute to preservation of biodiversity at all levels. A were at the heart of this network [17, 18]. The basic principles relevant and effective way of practical implementation of of park planning organization resulted from comprehensive these studies is identification of landscape foci of biodiversity studies on recreational development
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