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Caro Lettore ! " # # $% & ' ( & ) *+% & $ $ +*,-.% /$ 0 / 1-1- # $ % & ' ( & ) Caro lettore, il libro che avete in mano è stato originariamente pubblicato con il titolo "I . ] I", ISBN 978-3-330-19614-8. La sua pubblicazione in italiano è stata resa possibile grazie all'uso dell'Intelligenza Artificiale in campo linguistico. Questa tecnologia, che ha ricevuto il primo premio onorario per l'intelligenza artificiale a Berlino nel settembre 2019, è più vicina al funzionamento del cervello umano. È quindi in grado di catturare e trasmettere le più piccole sfumature in un modo mai raggiunto prima d'ora. Ci auguriamo che questo libro vi piaccia e vi chiediamo di tener conto di eventuali anomalie linguistiche che possono essersi verificate durante questo processo. Buona lettura! Edizioni Accademiche Italiane 1 2 Boris Zalessky I confini del partenariato sostenibile. Parte I 3 4 Indice Sfide globalie diplomazia parlamentare ...................................................................... 7 Bielorussia - Kazakistan: riserva - diplomazia parlamentare .................................... 10 Bielorussia - Pakistan: dalla diplomazia parlamentare a progetti specifici .............. 13 Bielorussia-Malesia: fondazione delle relazioni - cooperazione interparlamentare . 16 Cultura dell'esportazione e coscienza di massa ......................................................... 21 Programmi statali dell'Unione: verso il rinnovamento ............................................. 24 Città gemellate e Union Building .............................................................................. 26 Repubblica di Bielorussia - Regione di Irkutsk: gli accenti saranno posti sulla road map ............................................................................................................................ 28 Repubblica di Bielorussia - Territorio di Stavropol: prospettive di un accordo ....... 30 Regione di Vitebsk - regioni della Russia: corso sull'intensificazione dei contatti .. 33 Regioni della Bielorussia - Regione di Pavlodar: il partenariato come punto di crescita economica..................................................................................................... 36 Regione di Vitebsk - voivodato di Łód`: geografia dei collegamenti in espansione 39 Bielorussia - Turchia: verso nuove forme di interazione regionale .......................... 42 Bielorussia-Cina: il partenariato si basa sull'approccio scientifico ........................... 45 Bielorussia - Hunan: dai punti di contatto alla linea di partenariato ......................... 48 Regione di Brest - Province cinesi: prospettive di cooperazione reciprocamente vantaggiosa ................................................................................................................ 52 Bielorussia - Siria: dalla stabilizzazione alla cooperazione ...................................... 56 5 6 Sfide globali e diplomazia parlamentare Nel settembre 2016, in Bielorussia è stato eletto il Parlamento della sesta convocazione. Il tempo trascorso da allora ha dimostrato che una delle direzioni più importanti della sua attività è una significativa intensificazione della cosiddetta "diplomazia parlamentare", che dovrebbe basarsi sui compiti di "diversificazione dei mercati di vendita e promozione dei beni e servizi bielorussi"1. Ricordiamo che il termine "diplomazia parlamentare" si riferisce a una serie di azioni attive del parlamento, di gruppi all'interno della sua composizione o di singoli parlamentari per raggiungere gli obiettivi della politica estera in forme di dialogo, nonché a vari aspetti delle attività internazionali dei parlamentari legati sia all'attuazione degli obblighi internazionali dello Stato sia alla promozione delle sue varie iniziative di politica estera e di economia estera. Si ritiene che i formati di dialogo destinati a costruire l'arena internazionale dei rappresentanti eletti dal popolo possano contribuire alla ricerca di strategie efficaci per risolvere problemi e contraddizioni globali e regionali. E se ricordiamo che l'attuale contesto internazionale è caratterizzato dal persistere di una crescente instabilità e di una maggiore incertezza causata dalla trasformazione globale in corso e dall'impatto negativo delle tradizionali e nuove sfide e minacce, non è difficile capire perché oggi "la tendenza alla crescita dell'attività multifunzionale dei parlamenti nelle relazioni internazionali è universale". Vale per quasi tutti gli Stati del mondo e per le strutture interparlamentari da essi create"2. Nel valutare lo stato attuale dello sviluppo della diplomazia parlamentare, si dovrebbe anche partire dalla consapevolezza che oggi si sta sempre più tornando agli interessi nazionali e si comincia a risolvere gravi questioni di politica estera e di economia. E questo è comprensibile perché "un ritorno agli interessi nazionali, gli approcci pragmatici sono per molti versi non solo una risposta alle crisi esterne, ma anche un passo logico nel ripensare la metodologia per attuare <...> gli obiettivi nella politica globale". A sua volta, l'aumento dell'attività parlamentare sulla scena internazionale è un importante punto di crescita nello sviluppo dell'istituzione del parlamentarismo stesso e nell'istituzione di un parlamento nazionale come centro per lo sviluppo della 1 L'attività internazionale dei deputati dovrebbe contribuire al benessere del popolo - Andreichenko [risorsa elettronica]. - – 2016. - URL: http://www.belta.by/politics/view/mezhdunarodnaja-aktivnost- deputatov-dolzhna-sposobstvovat-povysheniju-blagosostojanija-naroda-224872-2016/ 2 Likhachev, V. Diplomazia parlamentare / V. Likhachev // [risorsa Electron]. - – 2009. - URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/122 7 strategia di politica estera, in quanto "l'aumento dell'efficacia della diplomazia parlamentare a livello globale può essere visto nell'espansione dei poteri, nell'ambito geografico di attività e nella gamma di questioni trattate3. In altre parole, la diplomazia parlamentare è uno strumento che può migliorare il nostro modo di discutere e creare un ambiente favorevole alla cooperazione internazionale, sia a livello bilaterale che multilaterale. Allo stesso tempo, è importante che i parlamentari nell'attuale realtà politica ed economica globale siano organicamente integrati nel sistema di attuazione della politica estera e di un processo decisionale efficace, contando sul rafforzamento della componente analitica del loro lavoro, poiché è l'analisi approfondita della situazione nei Paesi stranieri che può rendere efficace la loro ricerca di possibili modi di influenzare la società civile per affrontare le questioni esistenti di interazione. In questo contesto, è rilevante anche il tema del miglioramento del supporto informativo delle attività di politica estera del parlamento nazionale per la formazione mirata non solo della sua immagine internazionale, ma anche del Paese nel suo complesso. Tanto più che "un problema importante nel campo dell'informazione è l'eccessiva segretezza dell'accesso alle informazioni, l'eccessiva segretezza del materiale presentato alla stampa potrebbe essere notevolmente potenziata specificando le linee d'azione e l'elenco di alcune iniziative proposte"4. Diversi parlamenti nazionali si distinguono oggi tra le principali forme di attività di politica estera. In primo luogo, il rafforzamento istituzionale e giuridico della cooperazione internazionale attraverso la creazione di un quadro giuridico basato su trattati, il miglioramento del diritto internazionale e l'adozione di dichiarazioni, ricorsi e risoluzioni su questioni di politica estera. In secondo luogo, il rafforzamento della sicurezza internazionale attraverso la partecipazione di parlamentari a conferenze internazionali, simposi, dibattiti, tavole rotonde, missioni di pace e di osservazione elettorale in altri Paesi. In terzo luogo, lo sviluppo della cooperazione interparlamentare attraverso incontri internazionali di parlamentari, contatti personali con colleghi stranieri, rappresentanti di organizzazioni governative e non governative. Se parliamo del Parlamento bielorusso, la cooperazione interparlamentare occupa un posto speciale nel suo sistema di attività di politica estera, in quanto "questa forma contiene il massimo potenziale per condurre una propria politica internazionale attiva, nonché per assistere la diplomazia ufficiale nell'attuazione di iniziative di politica 3 Kondrashova, E.V. Evoluzione del parlamentarismo nel contesto della politica estera russa / E.V. Kondrashova // [risorsa Electron]. - – 2008. - URL; http://www.lib.ua-ru.net/diss/cont/295367.html. 4 Kondrashova, E.V. Evoluzione del parlamentarismo nel contesto della politica estera russa / E.V. Kondrashova // [risorsa Electron]. - – 2008. - URL; http://www.lib.ua-ru.net/diss/cont/295367.html. 8 estera"5. Le priorità della diplomazia parlamentare bielorussa comprendono le questioni anticrisi, oltre a promuovere le relazioni internazionali delle regioni bielorusse in tutti gli ambiti. 5 Gorelik, A.A. Attività di politica estera del parlamento bielorusso in condizioni moderne (in russo) / A.A. Gorelik // [risorsa Electron]. - – 2016. - URL: http://www.pac.by/ncatfiles/000038_786310_k_Gorelik.pdf 9 Bielorussia - Kazakistan: riserva - diplomazia parlamentare Nel marzo 2017 una delegazione parlamentare del Kazakistan, guidata dal presidente
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