KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A THEROPOD OF BRAZIL

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX + LEGENDA naris entirely posterior to premaxillary body (2). KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA, ARTHUR S. BRUM, RODRIGO V. PÊGAS, 7. Premaxilla, diastema (‘subnarial gap’) Phylogenetic data matrix LUCY G. DE SOUZA, PAULO VICTOR LUIZ G.C. PEREIRA & ANDRÉ Running title: A Jurassic theropod adjacent to maxilla along dentigerous For the present matrix, we utilize as basis the EDUARDO P. PINHEIRO of Brazil margin: absent (0), present (1). data set of Malafaia et al. (2020), which is derived 8. Premaxilla, mediolateral constriction of from Carrano et al. (2012) with modifications by posterior portion: absent (0), present (1). Zanno & Makovicky (2013) and Coria & Currie Academy Section: 9. Premaxilla, development of maxillary process: (2016). These last two works added characters PALEONTOLOGY well– developed (0), reduced to a short triangle (1). to the character list, but did not provide a full 10. Premaxilla, morphology of subnarial foramen: character list, nor did Malafaia et al. (2020). This distinct foramen (0), expanded channel (1). e20201557 means that, to retrieve the full character list 11. Premaxilla, articulation with employed by Malafaia et al. (2020), one must maxilla: planar (0), interlocking (1). check the Supplementary Materials of 3 different 93 12. Maxilla, development of anterior ramus: (Suppl. 2) papers (Carrano et al., 2012; Zanno & Mackoviky, 92(Suppl. 2) anteroposteriorly short or absent (0), moderate 2013; Coria & Currie, 2016). We offer below the (1), anteroposteriorly long (2). 13. Maxilla, complete character list and encourage future orientation of anteriormost alveolus: vertical workers to do the same. (0), angled anteriorly (1) 14. Maxilla, shape of ascending Characters from Carrano et al. (2012) ramus: smooth curve or straight (0), 1. Premaxilla, inter-premaxillary suture in adults: abruptly changes orientation (1). open (0), fused (1). 15. Maxilla, morphology of palatal process: long, 2. Premaxilla, height/length ratio ventral ridged or fluted prong (0), long and plate-shaped (1) to external naris: 0.5–2.0 (0), < 0.5 (1), > 2.0 (2). 16. Maxilla, position of palatal process: 3. Premaxilla, subnarial process and ventral, immediately dorsal to paradental ventral border of naris: contacts nasals, plates (0), dorsal, immediately ventral to excluding maxilla from narial margin (0), dorsal surface of maxillary anterior ramus (1). reduced and separate from nasals by 17. Maxilla, anterior end of junction maxillary contribution to narial margin (1). between medial wall and paradental plates: 4. Premaxilla, posterior extent of nasal horizontal (0); inclined anteroventrally (1). process relative to posterior tip of 18. Maxilla, horizontal ridge (prominent subnarial process: even (0); posterior (1). ‘lingual bar’) between palatal process and 5. Premaxilla, form of premaxilla-nasal antorbital fenestra: absent (0), present (1). suture: V-shaped (0), W-shaped (1). 19. Maxilla, depth of paradental plates relative to 6. Premaxilla, proportions and position anterior anteroposterior width: low, < 1.8 (0); tall > 1.8 (1). to external nares: shorter than premaxilla ventral 20. Maxilla, ventral extent of paradental plates to nares, angle between anterior and alveolar relative to lateral wall: as far ventral (0); fall short (1). margins > 75° (0), longer than body ventral 21. Maxilla, arrangement of nutrient to nares, angle < 70°, external naris overlaps foramina on lateral surface: single row or some of the premaxillary body (1); external no distinct pattern (0), two parallel rows (1).

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22. Maxilla, anteroventral border of 40. Nasal, development of dorsolateral surfaces: antorbital fossa: graded or stepped none, nasals low and dorsally convex (0), (0), demarcated by raised ridge (1). pronounced dorsolateral rims, sometimes 23. Maxilla, anterior margin of antorbital with lateral crests (1), tall, parasagittal fossa: rounded (0); squared (1). crests (2), inflated and forming 24. Maxilla, ventral extent of antorbital fossa: a hollow midline crest (3). moderate (0), absent (1), dorsoventrally deep (2). 41. Nasal, sculpturing: low rugosity (0), deeply 25. Maxilla, position of anterior end of antorbital rugose, bears large excresences (1) [inapplicable fossa relative to naris: posterior (0), ventral (1). in taxa that lack craniofacial rugosity]. 26. Maxilla, development of maxillary 42. Lacrimal, anterior process: ‘fenestra’: absent (0), fossa (1), fenestra (2). dorsoventrally deep (0), 27. Maxilla, development of promaxillary fenestra: dorsoventrally narrow, includes antorbital absent (0), present but shallow (1), present fossa and rim (0), dorsoventrally and extends into anterior ramus as a canal (2). narrow, antorbital fossa only (1). 28. Maxilla, dimensions of promaxillary fenestra 43. Lacrimal, morphology of lateral lamina of opening: small foramen (0), large fenestra (1). ventral process of lacrimal: anteriormost point 29. Maxilla, development of pneumatic situated around midheight of ventral process (0); fossa (excavation pneumatica) in anteriormost point situated dorsal to midheight ascending process: absent (0), present (1). of ventral process and a distinct rugose patch is 30. Maxilla, pneumaticity on medial present on the lateral surface (1) side of posterior section of ascending 44. Lacrimal, dorsal and ventral portions ramus: absent (0), present (1). of antorbital fossa: separated by anterior 31. Maxilla, posterior end of tooth row projection of lateral lamina (0), continuous, relative to orbit: beneath (0), anterior (1). lateral lamina does not project far anteriorly (1) 32. Maxilla, articulation with jugal: 45. Lacrimal, lacrimal fenestra morphology: slot or groove (0), lateral shelf (1). absent (0); present as small foramen (1); 33. Maxilla, anteroposterior length of jugal present as large oval opening with associated contact relative to total jugal length: less than dorsal rugosity, swelling or‘horn’ (2). 50% (0), more than 50% (1). 46. Lacrimal, openings in lacrimal 34. Maxilla and nasal, external recess: single (0), multiple (1). surface texture: smooth (0), sculptured (1). 47. Lacrimal, horn morphology: 35. Nasal, inter-nasal contact in adults: small rugosity (0); low, separate (0), partly or fully fused (1). broad, rugose bar (1); triangular horn (2) (Fig. 18). 36. Nasal, posterior narial margin: absent or weak 48. Lacrimal, suborbital process: absent (0), fossa (0), large fossa (1), laterally splayed hood (2). present (1) 37. Nasal, participation in antorbital 49. Lacrimal, angle between anterior and fossa: absent or at edge (0), present (1). ventral rami: ~90° (0), < 75° (1) 38. Nasal, antorbital fossa in lateral 50. Lacrimal, length of anterior process view: visible (0); occluded by relative to ventral process: subequal (0), ~75% (1). ventrolaterally overhanging lamina (1). 51. Jugal, position of anterior end: posterior 39. Nasal, pneumatic foramina: to internal antorbital fenestra, but reaching absent (0), present (1). its posterior rim (0), excluded from internal

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 2 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL antorbital fenestra (1), expressed at rim of 67. Frontal, exposure along orbital internal antorbital fenestra, with distinct rim: broad (0), narrow or absent (1). anterior process extending beneath it (2). 68. Parietal, articulation with 52. Jugal, pneumatisation: supraoccipital: abuts (0), overlaps (1). absent (0), internally hollowed 69. Parietal, development of median and transversely inflated by foramen skull table: flat and broad (0), narrow in posterior rim of antorbital fossa (1). with sagittal crest (1), very broad, widely 53. Jugal, antorbital fossa: absent (0), present (1). separating upper temporal fenestrae (2). 54. Jugal, morphology of lacrimal 70. Parietal, size and elevation of nuchal wedge articulation: abuts, no flange (0), and alae: moderate (0), tall and expanded (1). overlapping, flange present (1) (Fig. 19). 71. Supratemporal fossa, anteromedial 55. Jugal, orientation of orbital margin: corner: open dorsally (0); partially roofed angled posterodorsally (0), vertical (1) over by a small shelf of the frontalparietal (1). 56. Jugal, dorsoventral size of posterior process: 72. Squamosal, constriction of lower shallow (0), deep (1) temporal fenestra: absent (0), present (1). 57. Postorbital, articulation with 73. Squamosal, anterodorsal lamina: emarginated jugal: planar (0), grooved, ventral by upper temporal fenestra (0); continuous (1). process with U shaped cross-section (1). 74. Squamosal, flange covering quadrate 58. Postorbital, suborbital flange: head laterally: absent (0), present (1). absent (0), present as small eminence 75. Squamosal, articulation with (1), present as large flange (2). quadratojugal: at tip (0), absent (1), broad (2). 59. Postorbital, ventral extent relative 76. Quadratojugal, anteriormost point to ventral margin of orbit: substantially of ventral process relative to lower above (0), approximately same level (1). temporal fenestra: ventral (0), anterior (1). 60. Postorbital, participation in supratemporal 77. Quadrate, pneumatisation: fossa: fossa extends onto dorsal surfaces of absent (0), present (1). anterior and posterior processes (0), anterior 78. Quadrate, height of dorsal ramus process only (1), posterior process only (2). relative to orbit height: less (0), greater (1). 61. Supraorbital shelf formed mostly 79. Quadrate, axis in posterior by ‘palpebral’: absent (0), present (1). view: vertical (0), oblique (1). 62. Postorbital, anterior 80. Quadrate, height of pterygoid flange prominence: absent or small (0), relative to complete bone: 2/3 (0) subequal (1). large (1), contacts lacrimal (2). 81. Quadrate foramen: present (0), absent (1). 63. Postorbital, articulation with 82. Quadrate, axis in lateral view: squamosal: tongue-ingroove (0), helical (1).. vertical (0), anterior (1), posterior (2). 64. Laterosphenoid, articulations: frontal 83. Quadrate, head shape in dorsal and postorbital (0), postorbital only (1). view: oval (0), subrectangular (1). 65. Prefrontal, condition in adults: separate, 84. Quadrate, medial foramina adjacent moderate (0), separate, reduced (1), partly to condyles: absent (0), present (1). or completely fused to postorbital (1). 85. Paroccipital process, position of 66. Prefrontal, articulation with frontal: planar ventral rim of base relative to occipital (0), peg-andsocket (1) condyle: at same level (0), below (1).

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86. Paroccipital process, 97. Basisphenoid, shape of position of ventral edge of distal opening for basisphenoid recess: end relative to occipital condyle: at or ovoid (0), teardrop-shaped (1). above dorsal border of condyle, process 98. Basisphenoid, depth of indentation between approximately horizontal or dorsolaterally basal tubera and basipterygoid processes: inclined (0), at or below mid-height of deep notch (0), shallow embayment (1). condyle, process ventrolaterally oriented (1). 99. Basisphenoid, proportions of basipterygoid 87. Supraoccipital, anteroposterior depth processes: elongate (0), broad (1). of median ridge relative to occipital 100. Braincase, number of foramina (representing condyle length: less (0), greater (1). cranial nerves XII, XI and X) exiting ventrolateral 88. Supraoccipital, width of knob relative to to occipital condyle: two (0); three (1). foramen magnum diameter: equal (0), 1.5x (1). 101. Braincase, ventral extension of 89. Supraoccipital, participation in foramen subcondylar recess: pronounced (0); magnum: absent, exoccipitals contact dorsally shallow/absent (1); narrow incisure (2). (0), narrow, separating exoccipitals on dorsal 102. Braincase, shape of ventral edge of foramen (1), wide, supraoccipital extends margin of paroccipital process and ventrolaterally around foramen magnum (2). stapedial groove/foramen ovale: 90. Basioccipital, ventrolateral pair of pneumatic open curve (0); acute/closed curve (1). cavities invading neck of occipital condyle 103. Braincase, anteroposterior angle of and joining medially: absent (0), present (1). occiput in lateral view: vertical (0), sloping 91. Basioccipital, sharp dorsoventrally anterodorsally–posteroventrally (1). oriented lamina situated immediately ventral 104. Braincase, morphology of trigeminal to occipital condyle: absent (0), present (1). foramen: single (0), partly split (1), fully split (2). 92. Basioccipital, fossa ventral to occipital 105. Braincase, median ridge separating exits of left condyle in basioccipital apron: narrow and and right sixth cranial nerves: present (0), absent (1). groove-like, one-half or less the width of 106. Braincase, number of tympanic the occipital condyle (0), broad depression recesses: two (0), three (1). approximately two-thirds the width of occipital 107. Braincase, internal carotid pneumatization: condyle (1) absent (0), fossa (1), opening (2). 93. Basioccipital, notch along contact with 108. Braincase, ossification of interorbital exoccipitalopisthotic: absent (0), present (1). region: weak or absent (0), extensive, ossified 94. Basioccipital, width of basal tubera sphenethmoid and interorbital septum (1). relative to occipital condyle width: ≥ (0), < (1). 109. Palatine, shape: triradiate (0), 95. Basisphenoid, location of basipterygoid tetraradiate, welldeveloped jugal process (1). processes relative to basal tubera: anterior 110. Palatine, anteroposterior extent of or slightly anteroventral, basisphenoid recess maxillary flange: short (0), extended (1). opens ventrally (0), ventral, basisphenoid 111. Palatine, morphology of jugal process: recess narrow and opens posteroventrally tapered process (0), expanded process (1). (1), anteroventrally, basisphenoid 112. Palatine, orientation of maxillary recess opens posteroventrally (2). contact: lateral (0), ventral (1). 96. Basisphenoid, depth of basisphenoid 113. Palatine, pneumatic recess: shallow (0), very deep (1). recess: absent (0), present (1).

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114. Pterygoid, pocket on ectopterygoid 130. Splenial, foramen in ventral part: completely flange: absent (0), present (1). enclosed by bone (0), open anteroventrally (1). 115. Ectopterygoid, dorsoventral 131. Surangular, horizontal ridge on depth: narrow (0), deep (1). lateral surface below mandibular 116. Ectopterygoid, ventral joint: weak or absent (0), strong (1). fossa: absent (0), present (1). 132. Surangular, number of posterior 117. Ectopterygoid, lateral depth of surangular foramina: one (0), two (1). ectopterygoid fossa: shallow (0), deep (1). 133. Mandibular glenoid, morphology of 118. Mandible, size of external mandibular medial edge: flat or rounded (0), projecting (1). fenestra: small to moderate (0), large (1). 134. Mandibular glenoid, development 119. Mandible, position of anterior end of of anterior wall: weak (0), tall (1). external mandibular fenestra relative to 135. Retroarticular process, last dentary tooth: posterior (0), ventral (1). length: long (0), blunt (1). 120. Dentary, shape of anterior end in 136. Retroarticular process, mediolateral width lateral view: blunt and unexpanded (0), relative to posterior width of dentary: ≤ (0), > (1). dorsoventrally expanded, rounded, and 137. Retroarticular process, slightly upturned (1), ‘squared off’ in orientation of attachment surface: lateral view via anteroventral process (2). posterodorsal (0), posterior (1). 121. Dentary, size of mesialmost alveoli: subequal 138. Paradental plates, continuity and (0), third alveolus circular and enlarged (1). replacement groove: separated, groove 122. Dentary, shape in dorsal view: straight (0), present (0), forming a continuous medial curves anteromedially (1). lamina (‘fused’), groove absent (1). 123. Dentary, paradental groove: narrow 139. Paradental plates, visibility in medial along entire length (0), wide anteriorly view: widely exposed, subpentagonal and defining a distinct gap between medial moderate–tall (0), obscured by medial wall of dentary wall and paradental plates (1). dentary, triangular apices only may be visible (1). 124. Dentary, longitudinal groove housing 140. Paradental plates, surface texture: dorsally situated row of neurovascular smooth (0), vertically striated or ridged (1). foramina on lateral surface: absent or 141. Teeth, curvature: present, weak (0), present and well-defined (1). marked (0), reduced or absent (1). 125. Dentary, number of Meckelian 142. Teeth, crown striations: absent (0), present (1). foramina: one (0), two (1). 143. Teeth, enamel wrinkles: absent 126. Dentary, morphology of posterior (0), present, extending as bands across end: notched by external mandibular labial and lingual tooth surfaces (1), fenestra (0), straight or slightly concave (1). pronounced marginal enamel wrinkles (2). 127. Dentary, morphology of surangular 144. Teeth, mid-crown cross- articulation just above external mandibular section: elliptical (0), circular (1). fenestra: small notch (0), large socket (1). 145. Teeth, root shape: broad (0), tapered (1). 128. Splenial, contour of posterior edge: 146. Teeth, maxillary and dentary, straight (0), curved (1), notched (2). serrations: present (0), absent (1). 129. Splenial, size of splenial 147. Teeth, maxillary and dentary, extent (‘mylohyoid’) foramen: small (0), large (1). of anterior carina: to base of crown (0), at

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 5 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL mid-height of crown or more dorsally (1). 166. Axis, development of parapophyses: 148. Premaxillary teeth, arrangement of carinae: moderate/large (0), reduced/absent (1). nearly symmetrical, on opposite sides (0), 167. Axis, development of diapophyses: more asymmetrical, both on lingual side (1). moderate (0), reduced or absent (1). 149. Premaxillary teeth, 168. Axis, pleurocoels: absent (0), present (1). serrations: present (0), absent (1). 169. Cervical vertebrae, 150. Premaxillary teeth, number: four morphology of anterior pleurocoel: (0), three (1), five (2), six/seven (3). single opening (0), two openings 151. Premaxillary teeth, spacing: oriented anteroventralposterodorsal even (0), paired and spaced (1). or very plastic morphology (1). 152. Premaxillary teeth, size of tooth 1 170. Cervical vertebrae, middle, relative to others: subequal (0), smaller (1). shape of anterior pleurocoel: round 153. Maxillary teeth, number: > 17 (0), 11–17 (1), < 11. (0), anteroposteriorly elongate (1). 154. Maxillary teeth, mid-tooth spacing: 171. Cervical vertebrae, anterior, ventral adjacent (0), with diastemata (1). keel: present (0), absent or weak ridge (1). 155. Dentary teeth, size and number relative to 172. Cervical vertebrae, anterior, demarcation maxillary teeth: approximately equal (0), smaller of dorsal surface of neural arch from and approximately 1.5 times as numerous (1) diapophyseal surface: gently sloping (0), 156. Presacral vertebrae, anterior face ridge (prominent prezygapophyseal– of anterior elements: flat (0), convex (1) epipophyseal lamina) (1). 157. Presacral vertebrae, pleurocoel posterior 173. Cervical vertebrae, position of parapophysis to parapophysis (anterior pleurocoel) in on centrum: anterior (0), middle (1). anterior elements: absent (0), present (1). 174. Cervical vertebrae, articular surface 158. Presacral vertebrae, posterior pleurocoel of prezygapophyses: planar (0), flexed (1). in anterior elements: absent (0), present (1). 175. Cervical vertebrae, perimeter of anterior 159. Presacral vertebrae, extent of anterior articular surface: not rimmed by a flattened pleurocoel: to D4 (0), to sacrum (1). peripheral band (0), flat, forming a distinct rim (1). 160. Vertebrae, internal structure of pneumatic 176. Cervical vertebrae, anterior, transverse centra: absent, ‘pleurocoels’ if present, form distance between prezygapophyses relative to fossae, not foramina (0), camerate (1), camellate (2). width of neural canal: < (0), >, prezygapophyses 161. Atlas, length of epipophyses: situated lateral to neural canal (1). moderate (0), elongate (1). 177. Cervical vertebrae, anterior, 162. Axis, spinous process shape: morphology of epipophyses: low, dorsal end expanded transversely blunt (0), long, thin (1), long, robust (2). (0), tapers mediolaterally (1). 178. Cervical vertebrae, anteroposterior 163. Axis, orientation of intercentrum length of neural spines: nearly as long ventral surface: horizontal or slightly as centrum (0), ≤ 75% centrum length (1). anteroventral (0), tilted anterodorsally (1). 179. Cervical vertebrae, longest post- 164. Axis, length of epipophyses: axial elements: first five (0), last five (1). moderate (0), long (1), short (2). 180. Cervical vertebrae, middle, length/height 165. Axis, morphology of spinopostzygapophyseal ratio of centra: less than 3 (0), more than 3 (1). lamina: broad, well-developed (0), invaginated (1). 181. Dorsal vertebrae, pneumaticity/webbing at

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 6 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL base of neural spines: absent (0), present (1). 1.3x (0), moderate, 1.4-1.8x (1); tall, ≥ 2.0x (2). 182. Dorsal vertebrae, accessory 194. Dorsal vertebrae, posterior, centrum centrodiapophyseal lamina: absent (0), present (1). constriction: weak (0), strong (1). 183. Dorsal vertebrae, size 195. Dorsal vertebrae, centrum length relative of infraprezygapophyseal to height: more than 2 (0), less than 2 (1). fossa: small (0), expanded (1). 196. Sacral vertebrae, centrum 184. Dorsal vertebrae, anterior, ventral pneumaticity: absent (0), pleurocoelous keel: absent or developed as a weak ridge fossae (1); pneumatic foramina (2). (0), pronounced, around 1/3 the height of 197. Sacral vertebrae, number: 2 [primordial centrum and inset from lateral surfaces (1). sacrals only] (0), 5 [1 dorsosacral, 2 caudosacrals] 185. Dorsal vertebrae, anterior, size of pneumatic (1), 6 [2 dorsosacrals, 2 caudosacrals] (2). foramen in centrum: small (0); enlarged (1) 198. Sacral vertebrae, transverse 186. Dorsal vertebrae, elevation of dimensions of middle centra relative to parapophyses: slightly elevated from other sacrals: equivalent (0), constricted (1). centrum (0), project far laterally, more 199. Sacral vertebrae, orientation of ventral than half the diapophyseal length (1). margin of middle centra: approximately 187. Dorsal vertebrae, orientation horizontal (0), strongly arched (1). of hyposphene laminae: diverge 200. Sacral vertebrae, dorsal edge of ventrolaterally (0), parallel and sheet-like (1). neural spines: as thin as remainder of 188. Dorsal vertebrae, position of spine (0), transversely thickened (1). parapophyses in posteriormost elements: 201. Sacral vertebrae, pneumaticity on the same level as transverse process of neural arches: weak or absent (0), (0); distinctly below transverse process (1). paired fossa ventral to diapophyses (1) 189. Dorsal vertebrae, distinct step-like ridge 202. Caudal vertebrae, anterior, morphology lateral to hyposphene, running posterodorsally of ventral surface: flat (0), groove (1), ridge (2). from dorsal border of neural canal to posterior 203. Caudal vertebrae, L-shaped edge of postzygapophyses: absent (0); present (1); neural spines: absent (0), present (1). ridge present and is developed into a prominent 204. Caudal vertebrae, pleurocoels lamina that bisects the infrapostzygapophyseal (large pneumatic foramina in fossa in posterior dorsal vertebrae (2). centrum): absent (0), present (1). 190. Dorsal vertebrae, middle and posterior, 205. Caudal vertebrae, anterior, postzygapophyses with tab-like lateral extensions centrodiapophyseal laminae on neural arch: of articular facets: absent (0); present (1). weak or lacking (0), as prominent as in dorsal 191. Dorsal vertebrae, morphology of vertebrae, defining deep infradiapophyseal fossa neural spines: transversely compressed that penetrates neural arch (pneumatic) (1). sheets (0), transversely broad anteriorly 206. Caudal vertebrae, anterior, and posteriorly, central regions of lateral proportions of neural arch base relative surface embayed by deep vertical troughs (1). to centrum proportions: < (0), ≥ (1). 192. Dorsal vertebrae, posterior, inclination of 207. Caudal vertebrae, middle, morphology of neural spines: vertical or posterior (0), anterior (1). neural spines: rod-like and posteriorly inclined 193. Dorsal vertebrae, height of neural (0), subrectangular and sheet-like (1), rod-like spines relative to centrum height: low, ≤ and vertical (2).

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208. Cervical ribs, articulation with cervical indented or notched between acromial process vertebrae in adults: separate (0), fused (1). and coracoid suture (0), smoothly curved and 209. Cervical ribs, length of uninterrupted across scapula–coracoid contact (1). anterior process: short (0), long (1). 225. Scapulocoracoid, glenoid 210. Gastralia, posteriormost gastral lip: moderate (0), marked (1). segments: separate (0), united into 226. Coracoid, development of single, boomerang-shaped elements (1). posteroventral process: low, rounded 211. Sacral ribs, articulations in adults: posteroventral eminence (0), pronounced, separate (0), fused together (1). posteroventrally tapering process (1). 212. Sacral ribs, position of posterior attachment 227. Coracoid, development of biceps to ilium: ventral (0), posterodorsal (1). tubercle (= acrocoracoid process): absent 213. Sacral ribs, depth relative to or poorly developed (0), conspicuous and ilium height: < 85% (0), ≥ 90% (1). well developed as tuber (1), developed 214. Chevrons, morphology in middle as a posteroventrally oriented ridge (2). caudal vertebrae: rodlike or only slightly 228. Coracoid, prominent fossa on expanded ventrally (0), L-shaped (1). ventral surface posteroventral to glenoid 215. Chevrons, proximal articular surface: divided (subglenoid fossa): absent (0); present (1). into anterior and posterior facets by distinct 229. Humerus, shape of head: transverse ridge (0), no ridge, but low lateral elongate (0), globular (1). mounds may be present, one on each side (1). 230. Humerus, longitudinal torsion 216. Chevrons, curvature: straight or of shaft: absent (0), present (1). gently curved (0), strongly curved (1). 231. Humerus, size of trochanters relative to 217. Chevrons, anterior midshaft diameter: < (0), > 150% (1) > 250% (2). process: absent (0); present (1). 232. Humerus, development of internal 218. Chevrons, morphology of distal end in tuberosity: low/rounded (0), hypertrophied (1). anterior and middle elements: expanded 233. Humerus, length of deltopectoral crest relative anteroposteriorly (0), unexpanded, tapers to total bone length: < 0.4 (0), 0.43–0.49 (1) > 0.52 (2). ventrally (1). 234. Humerus, height of deltopectoral crest: low (0), prominent (1). Appendicular Skeleton 235. Humerus, orientation of deltopectoral crest 219. Scapula, angle between blade and acromion: apex: anteriorly (0), anterolaterally (1) gradual, oblique (0), abrupt, perpendicular (1). 236. Humerus, relative orientation of proximal 220. Scapula, size of acromion & distal condyles in anteroposterior view: process: moderate (0), marked (1). parallel, humerus straight (0), distal canted (1). 221. Scapula, midshaft expansion 237. Humerus, anterior surface of bone of blade: absent (0), present (1). adjacent to ulnar condyle: smooth or gently 222. Scapula, distal expansion of depressed (0), bears well-defined fossa (1). blade: marked (0), weak/absent (1). 238. Humerus, shape of distal 223. Scapula, length:width ratio condyles: rounded (0), flattened (1). of blade: ≤ 7 (0), 7.5–9 (1), > 10 (2). 239. Radius and ulna, development of 224. Scapulocoracoid, shape of anterior margin: radial external tuberosity and ulnar internal tuberosity: low, rounded (0), hypertrophied

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 8 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL distal ends of radius and ulna broadened (1). 256. Metacarpal III, position of base 240. Radius, shaft: straight (0); curves laterally (1). relative to those of other metacarpals: 241. Radius, development of medial biceps at same level (0), on palmar surface (1). tubercle: small or indistinct (0), hypertrophied (1). 257. Metacarpal III, shape of proximal 242. Ulna, olecranon process: absent (0), present (1). end: rectangular (0), triangular (1). 243. Ulna, morphology of olecranon process: 258. Metacarpal III, width relative to width transversely robust (0); transversely of metacarpal II: > 50% (0), < 50% (1). compressed and ‘blade-like’ (1). 259. Manual ungual I, length:height 244. Ulna, crest extending distally ratio: < 2.5x (0), > 2.5x (1). along posterior surface from olecranon 260. Manual unguals, proximal process: absent (0), present (1). height:width ratio: transversely broad, 245. Ulna, hypertrophied medial and lateral < 2.0 (0), transversely narrow, > 2.4 (1). processes on proximal end: absent (0), present (1). 261. Pelvic elements, articulations 246. Ulna, length relative to minimum in adults: separate (0), fused (1). circumference: stout, < 2.3 (0); gracile > 2.6 (1). 262. Ilium, large external pneumatic foramina 247. Carpus, morphology and articulations and internal spaces: absent (0), present (1). of distal carpals: separate dc1 and dc2 over 263. Ilium, vertical ridge on lateral surface of separate metacarpals, flattened proximodistally blade dorsal to acetabulum: absent (0), low (0), fused dc1 and dc2, dc1 overlaps metacarpals swollen ridge (1), low double ridge (2) I and II, flattened proximodistally (1), fused 264. Ilium, posterior width of brevis dc1 and dc2, dc1 overlaps metacarpals I fossa: subequal to anterior width, fossa and II, strongly arched proximodistally (2). margins subparallel (0), twice anterior 248. Manus, length relative to width, fossa widens posteriorly (1). length of arm + forearm: < (0), ≥ (1). 265. Ilium, height of lateral wall of brevis 249. Manus, composition: digit IV and V fossa relative to medial wall: taller along present (0), digit IV present, digit V absent whole length (0), shorter anteriorly, (1), MC IV present, IV phalanges and digit exposing medial wall in lateral view (1). V absent (2), digits IV and V absent (3). 266. Ilium, morphology between 250. Manual digits, lengths: supraacetabular crest and brevis shelf on III longest (0), II longest (1). lateral surface: gap (0), continuous ridge (1). 251. Metacarpals, transverse width of 267. Ilium, ventrolateral development proximal articular ends relative to minimum of supraacetabular crest: large/ transverse shaft width: < (0), ≥ 2x (1). pendant ‘hood’ (0), reduced shelf (1). 252. Metacarpal I, length to minimum 268. Ilium, orientation of pubic peduncle: mostly width ratio: 1.4–1.9 (0), ≥ 2.4 (1). ventral (0), mostly anterior or ‘kinked’ double 253. Metacarpal I, length relative to length facet with anterior and ventral components (1). of metacarpal II: > 50% (0), < 50% (1). 269. Ilium, shape of acetabular margin 254. Metacarpal I, extent of contact with metacarpal of pubic peduncle: transversely convex II relative to shaft length: < 1/3 (0), 1/2 (1). or flat (0); transversely concave (1) 255. Metacarpal I, angle between facet 270. Ilium, relative sizes of pubic and for metacarpal II and proximal articular ischial articulations: subequal (0), pubic facet: perpendicular (0), obtuse (1). articulation ≥ 130% of iliac articulation (1).

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271. Ilium, morphology of ischial 287. Pubis, morphology of obturator foramen: peduncle: rounded (0), acuminate (1). small and subcircular (0), large and oval (1). 272. Ilium, pubic peduncle length to 288. Pubis, anterior expansion of width ratio: ≤ 1 (0), 1.3–1.75 (1), > 2 (2). distal end: absent (0), present (1). 273. Ilium, ridge on medial surface adjacent 289. Pubis, boot length relative to to preacetabular notch: absent (0), present shaft length: < (0), > 30% (1), > 60% (2). (1), strongly developed, forming a shelf (2). 290. Pubis, shape of boot in ventral view: broadly 274. Ilium, preacetabulum length relative to triangular (0), narrow, with subparallel margins (1). anterior edge of pubic peduncle: reaches 291. Pubis, articulation with ilium: anteriorly to same point as (‘brachyiliac’) planoconcave (0), pegand-socket (1). (0), or well past (‘dolichoiliac’) (1). 292. Ischium, length relative 275. Ilium, depth of preacetabular to pubis length: 75–80% (0), ≤ process: shallow (0), deep (1). 70% (1), > 80% (2). 276. Ilium, anteroventral lobe of 293. Ischium, shaft orientation: preacetabular process: absent (0), present (1). straight (0), ventrally curved (1). 277. Ilium, shape of dorsal 294. Ischium, articulation with ilium: margin: convex (0), straight (1). planoconcave (0), pegand-socket (1). 278 Ilium, postacetabulum length relative 295. Ischium, morphology of antitrochanter: to ischial peduncle length: ≤ (0), > (1), 2x (2). large and notched (0), reduced (1). 279. Ilium, depth of postacetabular 296. Ischium, notch ventral to obturator process: shallow (0), deep (1). process: absent (0), present (1). 280. Ilium, shape of posterior margin of 297. Ischium, morphology of symphysis: postacetabular process: convex (0), concave unexpanded (0), expanded as apron (1). (1), straight (2), with prominent posterodorsal 298. Ischium, cross-sectional shape of paired process but lacking posteroventral process (3). midshafts: oval (0), heart-shaped, medial portions 281. Puboischiadic plate, morphology and of shafts extend posteriorly as midline flange (1). foramina/notches: fully closed along midline, 299. Ischium, morphology of distal end: 3 fenestrae (0), open along midline, 1 fenestra rounded (0), expanded, triangular (1). (obturator foramen of pubis) and 1–2 notches (1), 300. Ischium, articulation at distal open along midline, 0 fenestrae, 1–2 notches (2). end in adults: separate (0), fused (1) 282. Pubis, shaft orientation: 301. Femur, head orientation: 45° anteromedial straight (0), ventrally curved (1). (0), 10–30° anteromedial (1), medial (2). 283. Pubis, articulation between 302. Femur, head angle: ventromedial (0), apices in adults: unfused (0); fused (1). horizontal (medial) (1), dorsomedial (2). 284. Pubis, contact between distal portions: 303. Femur, groove on proximal surface of separate distally (0), contacting (1), head oriented oblique to long axis of head contacting with slit-like opening proximal (‘articular groove’): absent (0), present (1). to distal expansion (interpubic fenestra) (2). 304. Femur, oblique ligament groove 285. Pubis, angle between long axes of shaft and on posterior surface of head: shallow, boot: 75–90° (0), < 60° (1) groove bounding lip does not extend past 286. Pubis, morphology of posterior surface of head (0), deep, bound symphysis: marginal (0), broad (1). medially by well-developed posterior lip (1).

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305. Femur, placement of lesser trochanter astragalus (0), overlaps calcaneum (1). relative to femoral head: does not reach 318. Tibia, shape of edge of lateral malleolus: ventral margin (0), rises past ventral smoothly curved (0), tabular notch (1). margin (1), rises to proximal surface (2). 319. Tibia, morphology of distal cnemial process: 306. Femur, morphology of anterolateral rounded (0), expanded proximodistally (1). muscle attachments at proximal end: 320. Tibia, morphology of lateral (fibular) continuous trochanteric shelf (0), distinct condyle: large (0), small and lobular (1). lesser trochanter and attachment bulge (1). 321. Tibia, anterolateral process 307. Femur, development of fourth of lateral condyle: absent trochanter: prominent semioval or horizontal projection (0), prominent, curves flange (0), very weak or absent (1). ventrally (1) 322. Tibia, anteromedial buttress for 308. Femur, distinctly projecting accessory astragalus: absent (0), ventral (1), marked oblique trochanter (derived from lesser trochanter): step-like ridge (2), reduced oblique ridge (3), weak, forms slightly thickened margin of lesser bluntly rounded vertical ridge on medial side (4). trochanter (0), present as triangular flange (1). 323. Tibia, morphology of fibular 309. Femur, M. femorotibialis externus origin crest: narrow (0), bulbous (1). medially on anterodistal surface: faint, small 324. Tibia, development of fibular crest: extends rugose patch (0), pronounced rugose depression to proximal end of tibia as high crest (0), that extends to distal femur (1) extends to proximal end of tibia as low ridge 310. Femur, development of medial (1), does not extend to proximal end of tibia (2). epicondyle: rounded (0), ridge (1). 325. Fibula, depth of fibular fossa on medial 311. Femur, distal extensor aspect: groove (0), shallow fossa (1), deep fossa (2). groove: absent (0), present (1). 326. Fibula, position of fibular fossa on 312. Femur, morphology and orientation medial aspect: posterior edge (0), central (1). of tibiofibularis crest: broad (0), narrow, 327. Fibula, size of iliofibularis tubercle: faint longitudinal (0), lobular, oblique (2). scar (0), large (1), anterolaterally curving flange 313. Femur, infrapopliteal ridge connecting (2). medial distal condyle and crista 328. Fibula, size of proximal end relative tibiofibularis: absent (0), present (1). to width of proximal tibia: < 75% (0), ≥ 75% (1). 314. Femur, orientation of long axis 329. Astragalus, articulation between ascending of medial condyle in distal view: process and fibula in adults: separate (0), fused (1). anteroposterior (0), posterolateral (1). 330. Astragalus, orientation of distal 315. Femur, projection of lateral and medial condyles: ventral (0), 30-45° anterior (1). distal condyles: approximately equal (0), 331. Astragalus, ascending process lateral projects distinctly further than medial, morphology: absent (0), blocky (1), laminar (2). distal surface of medial is gently flattened (1). 332. Astragalus, angle of dorsal margin of ascending 316. Femur, morphology of distal end: process: low and oblique (0), high and oblique (1). central depression connected to crista 333. Astragalus, ascending process height tibiofibularis by a narrow groove (0), relative to depth of astragalar body: anteroposteriorly oriented shallow trough less (0), subequal (1), > 1.6 times (2). separating medial and lateral convexities (1). 334. Astragalus, prominent proximolateral 317. Tibia, lateral malleolus: backs extension: absent (0); present (1).

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335. Astragalus, round fossa 353. Ilium, lateral wall of brevis fossa, at base of ascending process: posterior aspect: straight or convex (0), or absent (0), small (1), large (2). truncated with anteriorly concave margin (1). 336. Astragalus, development of 354. Ischium, semicircular scar for M. articular surface for distal end of fibula: adductor femoris excavates posterolateral large, dorsal (0), reduced, lateral (1). aspect of proximal ischium: absent (0), or 337. Astragalus, posterolateral present (1). Adopted from Holtz (1994; char 326 crest: absent (0), present (1). in Holtz [1998]). 338. Astragalus, posteromedial 355. Ilium, pneumatic openings pierce dorsal crest: absent (0), present (1). floor of brevis fossa: absent (0), or present (1). 339. Astragalus, articulation with calcaneum in adults: separate (0), fused (1). Characters from Coria & Currie (2016) 340. Metatarsal I, length relative to length 356. Gastralia, medial gastralia; most unfused of metatarsal II: ≥ 50% (0), < 50% (1). (0), fused on midline (1). 341. Metatarsal III, shape of proximal end: 357. Proximal caudals neural spines: lateral rectangular (0), shallow notch (1), deep notch (2). sides flat (0), distal squared thickeness (1). 342. Metatarsal III, midshaft cross- 358. Lateral borders of frontals: diverging sectional shape: rectangular (0), wedge- from midline (0), parallel to midline (1). shaped, plantar surface pinched (1). 343. Metatarsal III, relative proportions of New characters (proposed by this shaft: short and thick, length:transverse width contribution) ratio < 12.0 (0), long and gracile, ratio > 12.5 (1). 359. Mid and posterior caudals, centrum, mid- 344. Metatarsal IV, proportions of distal end: width: over half of articular facets width (0), half broader than tall (0), taller than broad (1). or less (1). 345. Metatarsal V, morphology of distal 360. Mid and posterior caudals, centrum, end: articular (0), non-articular (1). ventral surface: flat (0), with a thin sulcus (1), 346. Metatarsal V, length relative to length with a broad and shallow groove (2). of metatarsal IV: > 50% (0), < 50% (1). 347. Antarctometatarsus: absent (0), present (1). Data Matrix 348. Pedal unguals, morphology of lateral xread and medial grooves: single (0), double (1). 360 69 349. Pedal unguals, digits III and IV, cross- Herrerasaurus 00001000000000????0?0 sectional shape: triangular (0), elliptical (0). 001000?0?0?00000?0000100??001201000000000 350. Pedal unguals, digit II, mediolateral 000?00000100000000020?000010?00000?10??00 symmetry: symmetrical (0), asymmetrical (1). 000000?000000?10000?0?0000?000010010000? 351. Pedal digit phalanges, length of I-1 + I-2 0?01000000000000001000010?00000000000000 relative to III-1: greater (0), less than or equal (1) 0?0?1000000?0000000000000??001??00?1?011?0 Characters from Zanno & Mackovicky (2013) ??000001000000100000101000100000000000010 352. Dorsal vertebrae, anterior: 000000?00000000000?0?001000000?00000??00 preygapophyseal pneumaticity expressed on 00100000000000000??001000010000000000000 external surface: absent (0), or present (1). 00000?0000?00?

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Acrocanthosaurus 020?1100?0000001111000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 000211111100010?000000211101211100020212011?1 ???????????????????????? 121111020110?02??11012100000100110100012011111 ??????????????????????????? ?111002100101020010?11111?000100010000010011 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 012?00110011?00?0012110001000110001211110?00 ??????????????????????????????????????????00001???? 21000000101?1?110110120012001110?00101111000 ???????100001000110?????????????????????????????? 0113110111111000????010?10??1110110201201?120?2 ??????????????????????????????0????????????????????? 01111000220111011110000110010302?1010?1110?1? ???????00010101????01?1111??101?????????????????? ?01210111001?1??1?0?002 ?0??????????????????2201210111100011100114022101 ??????????????????????????????????? 011121211101211????010?0???000?? ?????????????????????01?000?111??????????1000020 111?0201011210110?0000???02???1 0??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??01????0?001202011?0??????0??0?1111100??????0? ???????0????????????110121???????11?01001?1?0001 11011010001011?01??010210?011??????????00110101 0001011100111?????2?110??01????????0101100121??? 0?[1 2]101???1??0100101100013001011100[1 2]?100 ?????????????????????????????02011010010221110110 1001001000110111110100011000101010?0???000?0 201201?120???0??????????????????????1001?402???? 0??1??1?00??0?1?0100011111100010011010????????? 01112021110????????????10?111?02 ???10?0?11010?101?1110110[0 1]0?2?1?0????001100 ?????????00101011000001 0????1????00110100????????110?0?????????????0???? 00120011000?????0?000201001?011001011000????? ????000000001 ????00?001111001?????????????????????????????????? ??????0??0000001 ???????????????????0000000001?????10?11001?0?01 11100001001101110101111000?02?1?0??111100??212 1000010001101100001?001?000001???????100000? 11211?211????0????????110121?0??0100??01121121??? ??1?01010??????????0111?????00?0?????0?31001111? 1???????2?10??????????????1000020000?????10?110? 100001?10?01101011?011?2012?1?00?001011100011 2?????0??01?0?00101?0???1????0??????????????100? 101100001100001000020?11010110???111011?01110 0???1???1??????????????????????????????????????????? 0??100000?0?? ???????1??1???????11?????0?????0??11?????22??11011 00101[0 1]0000010001010000000 11??01?100???????010??????????????????????????0?0? 21111110001101100002[0 1]2[0 1]001011000000010 ? 11111000110200000020011011000110100100102012 021010001000000000000 0111111111200010011020111111111000010001102001 0000010100010120?000000202001100000001000 0011001100110010[0 1]10000101100010000100010 0111111000101001001000101010000000011010000 1111000011?0000000101?11011012001200111010110 1110000?100010000001??10000001001000100000 000100011131001111110000111010010211110110201 10100100011021?010001000000002110000001010 201?1100200111000[1 2]101110111100001100102022 0001010211??10000210?01000011010111101001001 10101111021110121011100101000000002 10000????0??1??1?01?00010?010?11100?000011101 Angaturama 11???201?1121?11???0????? 1110110100001[0 1]0001001100110[0 1]0011021000 ????????0??????????????????????????????????????????? 10100200211101001021??1?0001??10???00000?001 ??????????????????????????????????????????1?0??????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????110111101311???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????011011

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0000????????????????????11??????10????2110???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????22??111???1000?1100??40221????1?? ????????????????1020?0??????[0 1]0??100?????????????????[1 ???????2101??0????????0?0?? 2]?1??10????1???0211?1?1??[0 1]100?000????1?11111 Chuandongocoelurus ?????????????????? 0?10?1??0?0??10??0?1010001??????????????0?0?0?1 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0?11??111011020????????02011???1?22??1100??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????2??0?0?1?1?????0???0?1?00????00?00002 ????????????????????????????????????0??????????????? Condorraptor ??????????????????????????? ?????0?????????????0?????????0????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????00???0011101011 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???1?0?????0?????????????00?101000100000?10000 ?????????0010001????????01001????????0000?00101 40?2121011???21110?100??100???????????? ?00001000?2001?011101001?0002???01??101?????? Coelophysis_bauri 00101211000010????0?011 ?????????????????????????????????????0?1??01?01010 010100?0000000?0000101??0000000000000000 ????????0????0???00001100????????0??01000001?0 ?0?00000110110100000?0000000?0?2??1????0??1 0??01????????????????1?01???0???0?000??01 ?0?0?0?00??00110?0?0000?00?0000000010000?0 ???????????????????00????? 000000001100?100011000?000001011000000?00 ????1??00?1001?01010?000?0111??0?00[0 1]0?1?10 00000001000000000011?1100?01?000001002000 000?10??000000??10001000001??1?0010????0???? 001000000?0[0 1]?00101110100000000100100011 ??1??0????????????10?000000000?0?01??????0?010 000011011110100?10000001000010000110[0 1]00? 00????????00?0?000?0?1000??001000??010?0????? 00?000?01000100002100000010111100011000000 000200????0?01??????????????????????0?10001????? 000000001 ?????????00???00???0?????011??0????0???0?0??1001 Coelophysis_rhodesiensis 00???211000010? 1001?0?00110100000000?2??????01001011??0????? ??00?01101100?00000000?020010100001[0 1]000 ???????0000????? 00000?000100000000?0110?0000000000000000 CV00214 ??????????????????????????????????? 200100?000?10000000001000100000000000000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 000100000000100000000011011?0001100000000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 010110000000?0000000010000?0000?11?1100001 ????????????????1100[1 2]?0110001??1000012110001 ?000001002000001000?0010[0 1]00011011010000 000???000[1 2]11??0?????00?1????????????????????? 0000100100011000111011110000?1000?011100010 011010?0?00101000??0??000???????000?0010?10?? 000111[0 1]001102000?0100?100002100000010111 ???0110[1 2]0?[1 2]0??00?0?001???1?[1 2]1?10111?1 100011010000000000001 10?00???0???0???0?0?1???????01???????0?0?00??0? 00???100000100????0? 0?? 010002100?1??0000?0000000??00000?000?00 D_sinensis ?0?0?000?0010???????000202??0? ?00????1?00????????0??0????0??00?????0??0?0? 1??0??101300100??000?00?00?01?000???1??0????? ?????1?1????1?0000?00??0??100??10100?0000?- 1?0?????????????????????????????????????????00??0? 0??0000100?100[1 2]???????100?001??001100?000 00???1?????????0??0?0??????10?0100[1 2]?1?00??00 ????0000??1??0??000?0?00?1?0?0111?011100?0??? 010000?001000000100?000001??000?1000020??0 ??0???0???0??01?1310011????0?000??010?11??11001 1?010??010001?000111111000000010001???1010111 1?20?201?011?11?10??002???111?????????1?0??????? ?000000?0101?0000111011?[0 1]002010000?20001 01011???????01??0?11?01010000?00?? 0111001110000101000?1000021001010?0????0???11 ?????0???????0??????00100 0011100??1????????? 2??0?1?00?1111?10102010000?110??10??2????1?????

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 14 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL

Dilophosaurus 01?1121100001000000[0 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1]001000100000000?100200100??00?200100001? ?????????????????????????0?0?? 0001001000?1101101000000000?0000002001010 ?1???20000011?01 00001??0??0?????201100010000?1000000[0 1]100 100000010120?1???0???????100200001??????10?10 0000010000010101101??0001110010000010110000 001?1??00000???0111100010??1001000100?110000 0000000010101000010000201??10000100000010 12??????????00110111????????????00000?0?0100000 010010010000001010001?111011000100010010001 10011001???01101001000110110000010011000101? 1000011001100000?10000010001?00100110[0 1]0 100??1?0000????1????????111?0???0111210?00?????? 00000000001000201002100001010110100011000? ?????????????????00110101100011?011300?2?1?0000 0?01000?001 01010100?1111110000110000100002011101?1101021 11??1001??000??00000?0?? 01???100?0010101?000001001[1 2]0001??0??0??0? ???????????????????0?0?0?? ?002??001?0????1011?001011?000000??????????10? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?2011100?0??110010??0??????010?0110111??201???? ??????????????????????????????????????????0????????? ???0000000?0100000100?1001?????????0????????? ???????1000010?0110????00110?[1 2]????????1?????? 0?00??0?1??????1???????1??000?10????0110?????0?? ????0????0????????11??????????????????????????????1 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2001111101?001?1010??????????????11??????0??????? ?????????????????????????11????0?0???????????1?01?? ?????????????????????????21012101?1100011??01??02 ??????????????1??????0???0??01 ????01112121??012?1???0????????0?002 Duriavenator 00???100??0101011000?0? 02???000??0?00?11?1000 0?120?1???0???????????????????????????????????????? 01001101???10?1110100021110????????2021211??1121 ?????????????????????????????????????????????110101? 1??0??1?00020?110121???00100?0011211?1??????111 ???????????0000010?0??0?00100??????????????????? ??201010?????1?1111110?0020000??00010011012?0 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1?0??111001?01?1?00?100?11001?21?2?????2?00000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???1?10?10??0???01?0?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??01?11010010211110110201201?1200201111000220 ???????????????????????????0?? 11101??1?0???1001?30221010?10???????????????????1 ??????????????????????????? 0110?0?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????2????12?0???????01100200?10 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0010??0000010?201110010000??00011?11000????0 ????????????????????????0110[1 2]????????00100000 ?0???11?10??10?10010001021000?101?10?????0???? ?011000001?0000000002111?0000011??010??????? ????????10?11?0???1101?1???????1??????????????????? 0???11?01100100001000???????????????????0001110 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 00000?111111100?[1 2]??????0?0?00001100110?001 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10??00010000200??21?0??????111?001???1????0?00 ????????????????????????????1??????????????????????? 0?000 ??????????????????????????0???? Eocarcharia ?????????00000011100101 Leshansaurus 002111111?0??????????????????????01?00201111???1? ???????????1?1?1?001??1?0[0 1]???1???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????10000?????????????000000010 ?????????????1000010?01?????10???????????????????? 021001??00????0??????????????????????????????00?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?0????????[0 1]0?1100?1?0010??0110000121?0000? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?0????000001100??????????????????????????????????

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 15 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL

????????????1????????????0?0??????0110?0111011?[1 1??????????????10???????0?1????????????1??????????? 2]0????????0??0??????[0 1]????100001???1?10???201 ?????????????00?110100101011?0110010201?0000?0 110?0??????????????????0???????????? 0111000?????1??????????????????21???????0????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????000????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0?????0???0010010000010 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0001000???0?????????10???????????0??20101?10??? ????????????????????????1100?????????00100001?1?0 ??????0?001??00????000?0001??00???010????????? 00?000???00??01?1?00?1100000?????0?011???????? ?1110100001190??00?000100000000???002000110 ??????????????????????????????????00?01010?10?1111 2?00110010011000111?00000010100000000201111 011?2?????1???0?001?00??11011101?????????001?20 0001011?0100001?01011111001100100001?????????? 22101????????????2????????????00??001 ??????????001001?1000000011?11111112010000100 Magnosaurus ??????????????????????????? 1001??10011010011021000101002002?1111112021111 ??????0????????????????????????????????????????????? ?0011??1101?0??000001 ????????????????????????????????????????110?11?????? ?????????0000?01101100? ??????0000000?0????????0???0???????????????????? 00110?1?000?????????????????1?111????????????????? ??????????0?????????????00????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????00010 ???????????????????????????????0???01??1??????????? 1?????0?011000010010?01??00?100???01????????0? ??????0??0?????????1???????0?110?001000?20?????0 ?????1?????0?1????10002011100001?0000???010??? ?11???????????????????????????? ??01110?000001112110?000010000??????????????00 021010001000000100000 101010110101110113?00[1 2]??????0?10??1?00111011 0010010000011120?10020000?1012000000202120 00001?000010000211??0?0?1????1????1001??00??? 12?11110110110000100010100?00000010?01101?10 01000?001 100000101011001010011001000100101000000010 ??????????????????????????? 0001000110210011001001100012110000001010000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 001021?1111001201?01000011?1011?10?0110020000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10??????0????????????0??0011100000001111111????? ???????????????2????????11012????????11?0100121?0? ?0???1??1??????0????100110?10001010020021111111 ???????1??????????????110?0?1?????1?111011?0121??? 1021111?0001??1101?00?000001 ?????????0101011?2?01011111110???????????????????? ??????0???0000011110000 ??2????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1001101?101011110100021110??1111102?2121121????? ???????2?11???????????111?? ???201?000?0??????????????????????????????????002 ?????????????????? 01010?01001??????1000020000?0???10011012???01 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???1??0?0010??0001??01?00102012?????210000???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????1?11012?0????1???10?10???????0????1????????0 ??????????????????????????????????1001?????????0??0 01???0?0?102?1110110[1 2]1????????0?011?100022?? ??1?1?00011?00?00012111?????1?000?0???1????1??? 1101111?00?1100??30221010110??2111012101??0010 ????????????????????????????????????????00??101001 ?1?1100001 01111?011??012?1?0?00?101?01?111??110?11110001? 000??0000000010010001 ?0???11?????????????????????????????????0?? 102011001?000010?000??????????0?1001?10000??? 001?1000?00100??????00 ?1000000?10?0?01?0100020000001001?0?00?1?0 0002000?100011101300100?00012[0 1]1100011001 ???????????10001??0???1?011??0010010001000001 0?11110001?021000000??1000100000010?????0??? 0011001?0111110001000012110000000012001101? ?01?1??????001000010020100?0???00?0010?0??00

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 16 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL

00101110010?0010010010?0010110000000?100001 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 01?10?0?1?000?00?010???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????0011000101010111011?00?[1 2]0 ???????????????????100?0??1?????111??????????011?? 100???0001000?0?????????????????????????????????? 10110001000001????0?11????0????????????????????? ?????????????????00000?0?? ???????????????????????????????????10???2????0?0111 00???10000010001010100 1021?10????????000?????01000 00021001???10110110?????????????????????????????? 000??000?00100??????00 ??????????????????????????????????????1?????????110 0002100?1??0????????0???????201100000?????????? 000????????????1000010001?020010011012?1?????1 ??1??20??0??0????????????????????0??????????????00 1110100121100010001101100110?0???2100001???1? [0 2]00?0??0???00??1?1?110000?0??0000000?????? 10?10?1011?0120????????????????????????????????01? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 11010010221110110201201?1200000101011020?1101 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 111000111001130221010?10???1????210111?010?100 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 000002 ??????????????????????????????????????0???? 000??000?00000?????? ??????????????????????????? 000002100?1?00001000001010?0012?11000001 ??????????????????????????????0????????????????????? 000?1??10001?020?00??0??1000?00???0????0?? ?0?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0??????????????00000?0??0?0?0?0100111?00000- ????????????????????????1100?1??????????0?001?1?0 0??00001001100[1 2]?????????0100101?0?000?000 00?0??0??????11????????00??0????????10??????????0 1000000010100??1?00010??010??11??????????0010 11?0101100???????????????????00001?1010010?????? 1100000000???01??11??111??1??00?00010111211110 ???20?[1 2]01?1?00??01?????210?110??01???011001? 11020????????010010000021??211??0100001??????? 20??????????????????00????????0?1?????? 2??0?0???????????2001??0????00000?0?? ??????????000??11?101001 ??????????000?010000100 00110111?00???1???????????????????????????1?011??? 20110?1???0????????????????????????????????1???0?? ??0?00020011???1?0000100?0011??120???????????? ???????????10?0100000010?1101000?10???????????2 ?????????????????1?????????????????????????????????? 010?1????????????0010010?01?????00001001?00111 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1000100001211000010001200?1011100001?000?0? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?010?????01011?112001111101100??100?1??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???001?10100101011?011?0002?1000000001100001 ??????????????????????????????00 1?11100001000001000021121010?10???1????1001?? Shidaisaurus ??????????????????????????? 0????0?0?0?0?? ????????????????????????????????????0??11000??????? Piveteausaurus ??????????????????????????? ??????110?0??????????0????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????011?000??????? ???????????0??0?00???????????0??0110000???????1? ??????1000?0?1002100??1002?110?????????????????? ???001?00????012110100001?00???????0??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????00??0?1??1???11 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1011020?[1 2]0??00??20??0??0????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????00?0??01 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????0[1 2]???????????????????

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 17 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL

??????????0???1101000?0?000????010?????????????? 012110001000?1?00?011?1??0??000?100?????????01 ?????????????????????????????????002010100102?111 011?0???010021001000010001??2?00111111??00001 01122012110000??101101??????????????????????????? 010?10??1110110101[1 2]0?100?020011011111?1??0? ???????????????????????????010??0?? ?110?000?00??201[1 2]10?0??010?????????????????0 Sinraptor_dongi 00001000000000000000 00?????? 0100021111110001101000002110000111000100010 00???100?0010??11011000 01?1100001120010002001101100010010010011201 1012000??00????00?101200001?011111011000?[0 1] 00111?11111000000110020011111000000010?0?100 ??????????001111?01???????????????????????????????? 00100110011011000100100001211000110001100121 ???010?0?????????????0000010001001001001101101 1010?0?1?000?000010???1?01011100??????????????? 02100100100011211000011001100010111000011100 ???????2???????11?00020101001010111011220121110 00??010?101001110000000111211000000100?0[1 2] 000210110101110111011110000110000211210101101 ???001101101000001010110101110113000[1 2]?1000 0211101210111001010000000?? 002001010001110?100001100001000020211010110 110?1201011210????0??000 1021110?1001??0????00000?001 0020??1??0?????0?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????00110?0? ??????1?????????????????1111???????????????????????? ?011????????010110111?01311?101100[1 2]?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????20?010?0??? 1000??21?0100?00???0?02010?00????000?0??0???? ???????1??0?20?0????????01101?1???????1???1001?1? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 00??00?1?001?2?1???????000??0??????????11????01 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????0? ????????????????????????????????0???0?001 ???0?201?????20?????0?220?1?01111?0?01???????2?? Streptospondylus ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????010?1?0?0???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????1100[1 2]????????0??0?01?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1?0000010?1?0???010???????000?0??0?0?????????? ????????????????????????1100?????????0??????1?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 000?0??00??11???????1???????????????0?1???1?200? ???????0??1?000????????0??????????01000?01????2? 1111?01000010001102?001101?100????????????????? ??????110102111???????????????????0?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 111102010112101?0?00000 ??????????????????????????????? 100200?1??0?????0??????????????????????????1?????? Yangchuano_hepingensis 00001000000000 ?????110110???????????????????????????????????110?? ??????010002111?1?000110110000211000011100010 ????1????????0100101100013001011100[1 2]???????1 001001?110000112001000???11?12000?00?????01?? 00?0001121?1110100011000201?10?0???00000???1 ????1?1??????0000001?00?001???1?000?00?000?10 001?0001011?0100011111100010011010???????????? 000100110011011000100100001211000110001?001 100011?010?1000111011000?[1 2]?0?00?000011?00 211?1100011000100?0101?11001011100?0?????????? ?11??110100110100100??40211010?102021??0?1???? ??????????????????????000010100101?1110112[1 2]00 ??????0???????? 21110100210110?10110?1101111?00?????????????????? S_zigongensis ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????00?000?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? Yangchuano_shangyouensis_magnus ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0000?000000000??????000002111?1?00011011000 ?????????00?0??1?????00?1100[1 2]?????0010??000 02?1000011100010?010?1?1??0?0?120???0?0???????

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 18 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL

??????????????????0111???1??00000?1?00???1???1?0 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???00?0?0??00001001100[1 2]?0110001?010000121 ????????????????????????110?2??0??00?????????????0 10001000?1?000111010000?0000100?010????????? 010000??01??112??0?021000??0????11110?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????00000010010 ?????????????????????????????????01010100102211101 1?111011010120?100?020011?11111??0101?110????10 1??01201012002011?000???????????????????????????? 0??201??0101101021??0????????????001?0?0?? ???????????????????????????????12 00010000?00000??????0101000?0 Veterupristisaurus ??????????????????????????? ?0010000?0000100??0001?0000001000000?0000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 000000?10?00??0?001000?0000?0??????0??00?0? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 101000000?0?0000?00?0000?0?00?00010000000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 000000?????????000000000000000?0?00000000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 000000?0000001?0010000?00000100000000100 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0000000?00100000100000000000010000000?00 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 000000000??000?0000000?00000?0000?000?00 ???????????????????12 0000000???00000000000000000000000000000 Siamraptor ?????????????????????????????????? 00?000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? Siatsmeekerorum ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????1?12?????????1??????????0? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10001?010?011?????????1????????1111??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????0?0101?11??2????1?0?? ?????????????12 ???????????1???????????????????????????????????????? UFRJ_DG_524-R ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????1110????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? Murusraptor ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????210100000??????11?201000110110???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?1?1002111100101010210101001200?0?????00111??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????10111?1???000000210???????1012?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????101??0011100011210001?1?1????1?100000 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0?????????????????????????????????????????1?2011110 ???????????????????12 11022111011020????????0?00??000????????????????? ‘MCT_2670_LE’ ??????????????????????????? 10011402??????11???????????????????1??1111?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? Orkoraptor ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????11?2010????????????0????2????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??010000210??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????11110?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????12 ??????????????????????????011?02??????????????????? ;cnames ????????????1???? {358 Midand_posterior_caudals,_centrum,_ Lusovenator ??????????????????????????? width; ????????????????????????????????????????????????????

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 19 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL

{359 Mid_and_posterior_caudals,_centrum,_ (36 55)))) ((5 (28 51)) (7 53)))) (34 (16 42)))))) (17 19)) ventral_surface; (23 (9 (32 35)))) (20 (12 13)))))* ;tread (60 (0 ((((11 (39 (((((61 (64 (((1 (47 (8 (56 (27 (60 (0 ((((11 (39 (((((61 (64 (((1 (47 (56 (8 (27 33))))) (15 24)) (40 (10 (((2 37) (62 63)) (6 26))))))) 33))))) (15 24)) (40 (10 ((37 (2 (62 63))) (6 26))))))) (4 46)) (57 ((54 (18 59)) (48 (58 (49 (38 50))))))) (30 (4 46)) (57 ((54 (18 59)) (48 (58 (49 (38 50))))))) (30 (14 (41 45)))) ((52 ((25 ((3 (44 ((21 31) (29 43)))) (22 (14 (41 45)))) ((52 ((25 ((3 (44 ((21 31) (29 43)))) (22 (36 55)))) ((28 (5 51)) (7 53)))) (34 (16 42)))))) (17 19)) (23 (9 (32 35)))) (20 (12 13)))))*

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Figure S1. Strict consensus tree from our phylogenetic analysis.

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proc /; LINEAR MORPHOMETRICS comments 0 ; The linear regressions showed strong negative correlation only between the elongation with breadth and height (Supplementary Figure 2). Although the height and the breadth showed a positive correlation, it is weak. We could also observe a weak positive correlation between the

Figure S2. Linear regressions of the caudal vertebrae of abelisaurids, megalosauroids, carcharodontosaurians, megaraptorans, MCT 2670-LE and UFRJ-DG 528-R.

An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(Suppl. 2) e20201557 22 | 25 KAMILA L.N. BANDEIRA et al. A JURASSIC THEROPOD OF BRAZIL mid centrum constriction with the elongation, breadth, being most of group prediction based on as well as a weak negative correlation between elongation, breadth and height (Supplementary both breadth and height. Therefore, the centrum Figure 3). The smallest the group variation in constriction is poor correlated to the main PCA among the parameters also comprises the proportions of the vertebral centrum and other mid centrum breadth. factors are influencing its variation. Such analyses indicate that these factors are poor predictors to these theropod groups and other factors are influenced in the variation Although the parameters lack support, we observed in caudal vertebrae. The difference proceed with the LDA and PCA to check the among the anteroposterior and differentiation group assignment errors and the variation of between modules along the series between the parameters among the groups. The LDA these theropod groups could be a factor could correctly predict only 38.98% of the values, influencing the wide variation observed. Future indicating that these parameters are poor studies should evaluate the variation of such predictors of the groups together. The breadth parameters along caudal sequence and better is the main predictor of group membership delimit these modules along caudal sequence (>80% of all LD loading). The smallest remaining among these groups. contribution comprises the mid centrum

Figure S3. Principal component (a) and linear discriminant analyses (b) of abelisaurids, megalosauroids, carcharodontosaurians and megaraptorans.

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Taxon Specimen Group B H M L BI HI MBI VLI Log BI Log HI Log MBI Log VLI Reference

MCT 2670-LE MCT 2670-LE ? 29,075 27,093 16,526 45,139 64,412 60,021 56,839 160,729 1,809 1,778 1,755 2,206 Here

UFRJ-DG 528-R UFRJ-DG 528-R ? 63,415 80,325 41,789 84,553 75,000 95,000 65,898 117,647 1,875 1,978 1,819 2,071 Pereira et al. 2020

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd8 57,9 62,366 31 98,1 59,021 63,574 53,541 163,138 1,771 1,803 1,729 2,213 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd9 Abelisauridae 57,5 57,168 29,1 97 59,278 58,936 50,609 169,184 1,773 1,770 1,704 2,228 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd10 Abelisauridae 56,9 48,925 27,4 93,1 61,117 52,551 48,155 175,951 1,786 1,721 1,683 2,245 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd12 Abelisauridae 52,6 48,029 28,4 96,7 54,395 49,668 53,992 192,191 1,736 1,696 1,732 2,284 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd14 Abelisauridae 44,6 44,489 24,7 94,2 47,346 47,228 55,381 211,474 1,675 1,674 1,743 2,325 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd15 Abelisauridae 51 44,355 36,6 91,4 55,799 48,528 71,765 191,705 1,747 1,686 1,856 2,283 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd16 Abelisauridae 48,3 45,699 37,7 91,5 52,787 49,944 78,054 194,683 1,723 1,698 1,892 2,289 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd17 Abelisauridae 48,4 44,086 36,1 90,4 53,540 48,768 74,587 195,489 1,729 1,688 1,873 2,291 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd18 Abelisauridae 50,9 41,219 38 91,1 55,873 45,246 74,656 197,788 1,747 1,656 1,873 2,296 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd19 Abelisauridae 48,8 40,323 35,8 90,9 53,685 44,360 73,361 203,988 1,730 1,647 1,865 2,310 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd20 Abelisauridae 46,8 38,71 34,4 88,7 52,762 43,641 73,504 207,461 1,722 1,640 1,866 2,317 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd21 Abelisauridae 45,8 33,871 33,2 86,6 52,887 39,112 72,489 217,394 1,723 1,592 1,860 2,337 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd22 Abelisauridae 44 32,258 31,6 83,5 52,695 38,632 71,818 218,993 1,722 1,587 1,856 2,340 O’Connor 2007

Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100_cd23 Abelisauridae 42,6 28,136 33,3 81,6 52,206 34,480 78,169 230,717 1,718 1,538 1,893 2,363 O’Connor 2007

Carnotaurus sastrei MACN-PV-CH 894_cd9 Abelisauridae 60 73 50 99 60,606 73,737 83,333 148,872 1,783 1,868 1,921 2,173 Méndez 2014

Aucasaurus garridoi MCF-PVPH 236_cd8 Abelisauridae 54 65 23 92 58,696 70,652 42,593 154,622 1,769 1,849 1,629 2,189 Méndez 2014

Aucasaurus garridoi MCF-PVPH 236_cd9 Abelisauridae 56 59 24 93 60,215 63,441 42,857 161,739 1,780 1,802 1,632 2,209 Méndez 2014

Aucasaurus garridoi MCF-PVPH 236_cd10 Abelisauridae 56 54 31 89 62,921 60,674 55,357 161,818 1,799 1,783 1,743 2,209 Méndez 2014

Aucasaurus garridoi MCF-PVPH 236_cd11 Abelisauridae 54 51 29 84 64,286 60,714 53,704 160 1,808 1,783 1,730 2,204 Méndez 2014

Aucasaurus garridoi MCF-PVPH 236_cd12 Abelisauridae 55 47 32 82 67,073 57,317 58,182 160,784 1,827 1,758 1,765 2,206 Méndez 2014

Ekrixinatosaurus novasi MUPCv 294 Abelisauridae 61 67 34 94 64,894 71,277 55,738 146,875 1,812 1,853 1,746 2,167 Méndez 2014

Ekrixinatosaurus novasi MUPCv 294 Abelisauridae 61 55 34 90 67,778 61,111 55,738 155,172 1,831 1,786 1,746 2,191 Méndez 2014

Ilokelesia aguadagrandensis MCF-PVPH 35 Abelisauridae 62 41 39 92 67,391 44,565 62,903 178,641 1,829 1,649 1,799 2,252 Méndez 2014

Ilokelesia aguadagrandensis MCF-PVPH 35 Abelisauridae 52 46 34 84 61,905 54,762 65,385 171,429 1,792 1,738 1,815 2,234 Méndez 2014

Rajasaurus narmadensis GSI 21141 Abelisauridae 75 88 41 114 65,789 77,193 54,667 139,877 1,818 1,888 1,738 2,146 Méndez 2014

Wiehenvenator albati WMN P27500 85 76 35 114 74,561 66,667 41,176 141,615 1,873 1,824 1,615 2,151 Rauhut et al. 2016

Wiehenvenator albati WMN P27499 Megalosauroidea 82 79 38 114 71,930 69,298 46,341 141,615 1,857 1,841 1,666 2,151 Rauhut et al. 2016

Megalosaurus bucklandii SDM 1944.5 Megalosauroidea 73,039 70,778 42,645 112,439 64,959 62,948 58,387 156,364 1,813 1,799 1,766 2,194 Benson 2010

Megalosauridae indet. SHN.388/8 Megalosauroidea 110,851 116,194 60,1 193,656 57,241 60,000 54,217 170,588 1,758 1,778 1,734 2,232 Malafaia et al. 2017

Megalosauridae indet. SHN.388/9 Megalosauroidea 145,692 117,493 83,551 179,634 81,105 65,407 57,348 136,508 1,909 1,816 1,759 2,135 Malafaia et al. 2017

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Megalosauridae indet. SHN.388/10 Megalosauroidea 121,149 129,504 67,885 179,112 67,639 72,303 56,034 142,916 1,830 1,859 1,748 2,155 Malafaia et al. 2017

Megalosauridae indet. SHN.388/11 Megalosauroidea 87,728 83,029 58,486 154,569 56,757 53,716 66,667 181,040 1,754 1,730 1,824 2,258 Malafaia et al. 2017

Megalosauridae indet. SHN.388/12 Megalosauroidea 86,162 78,851 63,708 150,131 57,391 52,521 73,940 181,963 1,759 1,720 1,869 2,260 Malafaia et al. 2017

Baryonyx walkeri ML 1190 Megalosauroidea 66,768 81,018 43,359 127,634 52,312 63,477 64,940 172,728 1,719 1,803 1,813 2,237 Mateus et al. 2011

Baryonyx walkeri ML 1190 Megalosauroidea 69,313 62,901 42,443 113,282 61,186 55,526 61,234 171,362 1,787 1,744 1,787 2,234 Mateus et al. 2011

Veterupristisaurus milneri MB R 2166 83,587 87,234 48,632 148,936 56,123 58,571 58,181 174,377 1,749 1,768 1,765 2,241 Rauhut 2011

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdC Allosauroidea 81,95 82,819 42,859 107,791 76,027 76,833 52,299 130,839 1,881 1,886 1,718 2,117 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdD Allosauroidea 72,683 71,525 32,432 101,351 71,714 70,572 44,621 140,562 1,856 1,849 1,650 2,148 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdE Allosauroidea 76,163 79,651 43,314 100,872 75,505 78,962 56,870 129,477 1,878 1,897 1,755 2,112 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdG Allosauroidea 61,919 63,372 37,5 96,512 64,157 65,662 60,563 154,061 1,807 1,817 1,782 2,188 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdH Allosauroidea 57,818 55,364 37,091 98,455 58,725 56,233 64,151 173,976 1,769 1,750 1,807 2,240 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdI Allosauroidea 60,818 54,273 39 98,455 61,772 55,125 64,126 171,091 1,791 1,741 1,807 2,233 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdJ Allosauroidea 57,545 52,091 40,909 89,182 64,525 58,410 71,090 162,687 1,810 1,766 1,852 2,211 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdK Allosauroidea 46,015 46,015 33,676 89,974 51,143 51,143 73,185 195,532 1,709 1,709 1,864 2,291 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdL Allosauroidea 48,329 41,388 36,89 90,906 53,164 45,528 76,331 202,651 1,726 1,658 1,883 2,307 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdM Allosauroidea 52,057 44,73 34,319 79,627 65,376 56,174 65,926 164,541 1,815 1,750 1,819 2,216 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdN Allosauroidea 46,841 39,216 35,076 83,224 56,283 47,121 74,883 193,416 1,750 1,673 1,874 2,286 Brusatte et al. 2008

Neovenator salerii MIWG 6348_cdO Allosauroidea 49,673 36,383 34,858 80,828 61,455 45,013 70,175 187,850 1,789 1,653 1,846 2,274 Brusatte et al. 2008

Lajasvenator ascheriae MLL-Pv-005 Allosauroidea 39,035 33,039 15,371 54,347 71,825 60,793 39,377 150,809 1,856 1,784 1,595 2,178 Coria et al. 2019

Carcharodontosauridae indet. SHN.019/3 Allosauroidea 87,611 78,319 41,593 104,646 83,721 74,842 47,475 126,133 1,923 1,874 1,676 2,101 Malafaia et al. 2019

Carcharodontosauridae indet. SHN.019/4 Allosauroidea 75,811 78,54 38,053 103,872 72,985 75,612 50,195 134,592 1,863 1,879 1,701 2,129 Malafaia et al. 2019

Carcharodontosauridae indet. UFRJ-DG 524 Allosauroidea 57,87 76,69 29,18 94,651 61,140 81,024 50,423 140,682 1,786 1,909 1,703 2,148 Pereira et al. 2020

Carcharodontosauridae indet. UFRJ-DG 523 Allosauroidea 48,307 57,502 23,663 88,766 54,421 64,779 48,985 167,785 1,736 1,811 1,690 2,225 Pereira et al. 2020

Megaraptora indet. MPMA 08-003-94 87,085 64,022 51,661 114,576 76,006 55,877 59,323 151,649 1,881 1,747 1,773 2,181 Méndez et al. 2012

Megaraptora indet. CPPLIP 1324 Megaraptora 63,9 53,942 44,813 91,563 69,788 58,912 70,130 155,400 1,844 1,770 1,846 2,191 Martinelli et al. 2013

Megaraptora indet. UFRJ-DG 558-R Megaraptora 57,622 55,385 45,734 74,126 77,735 74,717 79,369 131,188 1,891 1,873 1,900 2,118 Pereira et al. 2020

Aoniraptor libertatem MPCA-Pv 804/1-25 Megaraptora 31,026 32,821 15,641 69,487 44,650 47,233 50,413 217,667 1,650 1,674 1,703 2,338 Motta et al. 2016

Aoniraptor libertatem MPCA-Pv 804/1-25 Megaraptora 32,051 32,796 19,487 66,154 48,449 49,575 60,800 204,031 1,685 1,695 1,784 2,310 Motta et al. 2016

Aerosteon riocoloradensis MCNA-PV-3137 Megaraptora 78,772 83,376 53,026 98,38 80,069 84,749 67,316 121,346 1,903 1,928 1,828 2,084 Martinelli et al. 2013

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