9916 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1968 EXTENSIONS O·F REMARKS "Operation Soapbar" in Clark County, as the actual collection. A local moving and ing as Vietnam-based reporters for the storage group furnished the boxes and trucks Queens College Phoenix. Nev. needed to package the soap up for hauling to McCarran Airport where it was :flown to . These articles discuss the special prob­ San Diego by a local airline. The U.S. Navy lems connected with the South Viet­ HON. HOWARD W. CANNON took charge of the soap in San Diego for namese student community. Mr. Dem­ OF NEVADA shipment to Vietnam, where it is given to bart also writes about the reactions of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Marines for distribution among the citizenry American soldiers to recent political de­ of South Vietnam. velopments here at home, and Mr. Wednesday, April17, 1968 There are two wars in Vietnam. The first Paladino describes the problems faced is to defeat the invading North Vietnamese Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, in an Army and the Viet Gong guerrilla forces. by those soldiers who decide that, for important but little publicized effort the The second and most important battle is to reasons of conscience, they cannot fight citizens of Clark County, Nev., are at­ win the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese in Vietnam. tempting to help make life a little more people through a strong civic action program. The articles follow: bearable for the citizens of South Viet­ American Allied and South Vietnamese (By Lee Dembart) Army forces decisively beat the invaders and nam. SAIGON.--0. K. Armstrong, a member of A shipment of 25 tons of soap is on guerrillas whenever they choose to meet the free world forces on the battlefield. However, the editorial board of Reader's Digest and its way to the South Vietnamese people winning the support and cooperation of the former Congressman from Missouri, was in to help raise their health and sanitation Vietnamese people is a long and slow process. town last week as part of a whirlwind South­ standards and to keep them free from Marines believe projects such as "Operation east Asia tour. many forms of disease prevalent in areas Soapbar" in Las Vegas are helping them to Inasmuch as he had just arrived from of poor sanitation. win the second and most important part of the States, several people were anxious to the war in Vietnam. talk to him about Eugene McCarthy, Robert "Operation Soapbar" was a Las Vegas Kennedy, and the host of others who are community project coordinated by local A simple thing like a bar of soap or a toothbrush presented by a Marine can lead to fast endeavoring to create the greatest Amer­ citizens through the Marine Corps civic the beginning of a mutual trust between ican political quagmire since Aaron Burr in­ action program in which each citizen in American forces and the Vietnamese people. sisted he had been running for President the area was asked to donate a bar of A letter from Las Vegas Mayor Oran K. all along. soap. Gragson has been enclosed in every box of The reason for the interest is that few Probably the most significant feature soap that left here for Vietnam. It said in people here know or seem to care very much of "Operation Soapbar" was the fact part: about the internecine struggles of the Demo­ "Sending soap to you is a very small way cmtic Party and any fresh information is that it was carried off with no financial eagerly sought. Pacific Stars and Stripes, the aid from any source. All labor, equip­ in which we thought we could help you (Marines) with your Civic Action Program. Armed Forces newspaper published in Tokyo, ment, and professional services were I'm sure it would please you to know that has been the only source of dally news con­ donated. the citizens of our city in every walk of life cerning McCarthy and Kennedy's quixotic Civic groups across the Nation have and all ages contributed towarr· this drive quest. undertaken similar projects, but on a as a token of their appreciation for what you Harumphed a Navy captain: "I have al­ much smaller scale. Never before has an are doing for our country." ways put God and country before me. And No less enthusiastic are the Marine lead­ whoever doesn't, like the people in Wash­ entire community undertaken this par­ ington, will someday be a loser." ticular project. It is a "first" not only ers involved in "Operation Soapbar." When in town to thank Las Vegas personally, Maj. Not a single military leader has expressed for Clark County, but for the whole Gen. Lowell E. English, commandant of the anything that might be called worry over Nation; and I am proud to represent the Marine Corps Recruit Depot at San Diego, the double-barreled Democ;ra.tic challenge public-spirited citizenry of my State of - said, "It is amazing the way the commu­ to President Johnson's Vietnam policy. Nevada.. nity here has responded ... truly a tre­ Nor has anyone been stirred by the martial This project was interestingly set forth mendous effort." and not-so-martial pronouncements of Rich­ in a story in the Las Vegas Sun. Col. Donald R. Kennedy, director of the ard Nixon. Or the nonpronouncements of 12th Marine Corps District, San Francisco, Nelson Rockefeller. I ask unanimous consent that the who was here with Gen. English, echoed the The attitude among m111tary men here article be printed in the RECORD. general's praise. seems to be that when all is said and done, There being no objection, the article Col. Kennedy originated "Operation Soap­ and when the conventions and elections are was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, bar," aimed at collecting soap from all over over, no matter who wins, the war wm con­ as follows: the country for distribution in South Viet­ tinue and continue in basically the same OPERATION SOAPBAR MONTH PROCLAIMED IN nam. Assisting in collection in Las Vegas manner it is being waged now. LAS VEGAS were Marine capt. Mike Corrigan aided by Not so the civ111an workers. One official Sheila Regan. in the Agency for International Develop­ "Operation Soapbar" in Clark County has ment asked a reporter, "You going baek to achieved its purpose-phenomenally. Some 25 Vegas businessman Sammy Cohen was lauded by "Operation Soapbar" leaders as a work for Bobby Kennedy?" tons of bar soap is now on its way to South "Maybe," said the reporter. "How about Vietnam to make life a little more bearable prime mover in the project. for its citizens. The response of Southern Nevadans and you?" So great was the zeal of Southern Nevada other Americans around the nation, to "Op­ "I'm thinking of quitting my job and join­ proponents of "Operation Soapbar," it in.:. eration Soapbar" and projects similar to it ing the Kennedy forces." spired the citizens of Phoenix, Ariz., to start should prove once and for all to everyone And a USIA aide, while not about to quit a very successful "Operation Soapbar" of from Ho Chi Minh on down, the hearts and his job, also confided that Kennedy would their own. This in turn sparked a third such minds of Americans are with the GI who is be his choice to run the Government. program in Tucson, Ariz. doing his country's bidding in Vietnam. Those m111tary leaders who would say any­ Probably the most significant feature of thing at all asked the one question that most "Operation Soapbar" is the fact it was carried troubles Sens. McCarthy and Kennedy, not off with no financial aid from any source. All to mention their followers: It's all well and labor, equipment .and professional services good to say you're going to end the war, but were donated. When the project was started Student Reporters in Vietnam-VIII how? Dec. 7, the area literally blossomed with soap And with a shrug of the shoulders and the collecting gimmicks. Collection barrels were tolerant but knowing look that one reserves distributed county wide. HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL for politicians, they walk off. One businessman matched all donations OF NEW YORK The SL.igon English-language press was taking a more serious if dimmer view of the that came through his doors. A movie theater IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made the admission to a matinee a bar of challenge to LBJ. Heavily pro-Government, soap. Donations of soap from local hotels and Thursday, April 11, 1968 The Saigon Daily News and The Saigon Post motels could be measured in only hundreds were busy giving both Kennedy and Mc­ of pounds. Local news media and advertising Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, once Carthy their comeuppance. groups kept "Operation Soapbar" before the again, I would like to submit for the Headlines like "Bob Kennedy .Admits Er­ Southern Nevada public constantly. RECORD, the most recent dispatches from ror," ·~BJ Blasts Critics," "No Alternative The logistics of moving 26 tons of soap to Lee Dembart and Ralph Paladino, two to LBJ VN Policy, Voters Told," and ~·Pres. its destination waa a project Almos' as big Queens College students, currently serv- Thieu Blasts Kennedy Brothers" set the tone April _17, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9917 for the coverage of the upcoming U.S. Presi­ yers and engineers and generally teach use­ Nonetheless, social service remains the out­ dential election. less subjects. let that most nationalist students use to At week's end, with the Digest's Armstrong The complaint was echoed by Nguyen channel their energies. They are mostly stu­ explaining how he got McCarthy to propose Thinh Anh, the head of the Student Affairs dents who are neither pro-Vietoong nor pro­ his coalition settlement, most Saigonites, Otll.ce of the University of Saigon. Said Anh Government, are anxious to see the war ended both American and _Vietnamese, were more of the faculty, largely Vietnamese, "The pro­ and are w1lling to work in whatever construc­ concerned with when the black market would fessors must become more eager and con­ tive way they can until it does. reopen than with U.S. political debate. scientious about teaching. For the most part, this "nationalist" group ''Under French domination, the professors rejects coalition as an aooeptable solution to (By Lee Dempart) learned to stand aloof from the students. We the war. They believe the government is so should now teach them to supervise and ad­ weak that the NLF would take over complete (First of two articles on Vietnam's students) vise the students, and be more friendly to­ control inside of a year. SAIGON.-There are streets in Saigon that ward them." The distrust felt by students extends not look like they were imported from Paris' While the relationship between the Gov­ only to the Government, but also to each Left Bank. ernment and the students is tense, it is much other. One of the continuing problems in Bookstalls line both edges of the side­ better now than it has been in as long as the formation of a solid student community walk, an occasional canopy overhead, crowds anyone can remember. While the students has been the great fragmentation among the of youngish looking Vietnamese sift through might still be able to muster the power that students themselves, a fragmentation that the stacks of dusty, yellowed volumes, and they did against Diem and his immediate parallels that in the rest of Vietnamese American rock and roll blares through loud­ successors, there is little evidence that they society. speakers outside record shops. want to. Catholic students, for example, favor an It is the students' section, and the books For one thing, the Government seems final­ end to the war, but wlll not consider ending range from Vietnamese translations of Vic­ ly to have realized that it must court the it on any terms remotely favorable to the tor Hugo to American chemistry texts. Dog­ student blocs if it is to stay in power. Inas­ Communists. "Many of the Catholics are eared, battered copies of The Asian Economic much as they represent not only the xna­ refugees from the North," said one Ameri­ Review stand in piles on the sidewalk, tied jorit y of educated people in the country, can. "They didn't come down here in order together with unraveling rope. but also a large portion of the middle class to get more Communism." A coffee shop nearby is jammed with and the sole source of future leadership, the The Buddhist students, on the other hand, students rereading their notes and discus­ students command power far beyond their are willing to accept a ooalition government sing the day's lectures. They eye Americans numbers. on the belief that they can handle the with suspicion, lowering their voices and In addition, with half the population of Communists. Many students claim this is a gazing coldly whenever one enters the shop the country under 18 and 75 percent under wishful view that commands little support and sits at a table. 30, the Government is reluctant to give the from the facts. "What do you want here?" an American appearance of cracking down on youth. The Noninvolved students span the range from was asked last week by an older student average age of the members of the National staunch government supporters to an oc­ whose English was easily understandable. Assembly's Lower House is only 36, and many casional NLF sympathizer or party member. "You must be in the wrong place," he said, of the deputies are in their late 20's and Many claim that it is useless. to be simply not waiting for an answer to his question. would be considered student leaders if they against the government. "We have to have "We have no bar girls here." weren't in the government. faith in the government," they say. "We have The students didn't buy the explanation Among them is Dr. HoVan Minh, the First to give the government a chance." that was given. Most got up and left soon Vice President of the Lower House, who spent Others hold that this is a foreign war after the American sat down, with those the last 10 years as a student leader in Saigon. being fought between major powers on Viet­ who remained breaking off their conversa­ "Our government has the duty to procure namese soil and no affair of Vietnamese. tions and turning instead to their books. more facilities in order to help young peo­ They are anxious to bring down any govern­ Vietnamese students have reason to be ple, and particularly students, in their ac­ ment that not only allows the war to con­ suspicious. Since the days of Ngo Dinh Diem tivities," Minh said. "This is the only way tinue, but condones it. they have been suppressed, beaten, drafted, for our government to involve them and orga­ The majority are content, even in the kidnapped, and murdered whenever their vo­ nize t hem for the common struggle." midst of chaos and war, to go about their cal demands conflicted with the Govern­ Currently, most student activity is in the daily business and hope that things wm ment's wishes. Only in the past six months form of social betterment programs. They someday be better. They are not so much has there been a discernible change in the offer an example of the changing Govern­ unconcerned as cynical, cynical about the Government's attitude toward students, with ment attitude toward student activities. government, cynical about the Vietcong, and an uneasy truce now being observed by both Since the Tet offensive, many students cynical about 'the possib111ty of any group sides. have become involved in refugee and relief or individual creating a nationwide political The university students are bright. Very projects. A few of these, reliable sources say, base. bright. They should be, because, following have been infiltrated by the Vietcong, a sit­ But the encouraging fact about Vietnam­ the French system, on completing each stage uation not unknown in student affairs here. ese students is that they represent an of his education the student takes an exam. Under previous governments, if it became expanding middle class and a generation ca­ And only 50 percent of those who take the know that a student group had been infil­ pable of taking over effective polltical con­ exam pass it and go on, the rest returning trated, the police would be sent in to break trol of the country. to their families and homes to pursue other up the organization. They a:re one af the few hopeful signs careers. But the Thieu-Ky government has adopted in Vietnam. Primary education in Vietnam lasts five a different approach. Rather than disband years, which is the legal education require­ organizations, the government has sent in (By Ralph Paladino) ment, though many never complete even informants disguised as refugees to report The dateline has been omitted to protect that much school. on the activities of the student workers. an individual. Ray is a 20 year old soldier After the five years comes the first exam, Several groups that had beim labeled "infil­ who enlisted two weeks after finishing his with those who pass going on to four years trated" have been cleared by this process. last year in a Colorado high school. He is of middle school, somewhat like junior high Whether it would strike an American civil a handsome, dark-haired, intelligent young school. Then comes the second exam, 50 libertarian as a better method is not the man, who after nearly two years in Vietnam, percent failing, and those passing going on question. Vietnamese students expect clan­ has decided he is finished with killing and to three more years of high school, after destine Government activities as a matter death. He is being court-martialed for that which they get a "baccalaureate" degree. of course, and do not react strongly against decision. The university system itself is unlike any­ them. Last year's disclosure of NSA-CIA links Ray is in an engineer company, is a para­ thing known in the States. The 27,000- was greeted by students here with a smug trooper and demolition expert. Members of student University of Saigon, by far the larg­ indifference. They accused American students his comp·any do not operate as a unit in est of the country's fiv.e universities, houses of being naive in thinking that such things the field but as individuals loaned out to a dozen different faculties, ranging from did not go on regularly. infantry companies to act as their engineers. letters to science, law, arts, and medicine. A A continuing source of friction between While the engineer must be on hand to student can register in as many or as few the students and the Government is the stu­ handle situations that require his skills, for faculties as he wishes. dents' fear that their well-intentioned efforts most of his term with a line unit, he is Most wish to register in a few, and even will be turned around for someone's political just another weapon, another foot soldier. then , not for a total of more than one or advantage. The students are anxious to work, Out of 21 months in Vietnam, Ray has served t wo courses a semester. The result is that but are not anxious to be grist for the po­ 19 on the line. aft er enrolling in the university, a student litical mill, especially when their loyalties After returning from his last tour in the can stay there practically forever, never com­ are not firmly with the Government. field in early February, Ray went to see his pleting a degree though taking many courses. "The students have a tremendous desire Company Commander, a first Lieutenant, The students have many complaints about to be of service to their people," explained and asked that he not be assigned to combat the educational system. Some say the quality an American official. "But they're afraid of for the rest of his tour in Vietnam. At the of the professors is very low. Others claim being exploited by people wlrth political srune time he asked that he be allowed to that the universities produce too many law:. interests." see a psychiatrist. The CO agreed he would CXIV-625-Part 8 9918 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1968 do all he could. Six weeks later, three weeks I spent three days with Ray, talking with ing of a decision from the innermost recesses ago, he was ordered to pack his field gear and him, discussing his future and the decision of one's conscience and free will, and being report to a line company. Respectfully, po­ that so endangers it. He is not a pacifist, not willing to abide by the consequences of that litely, he refused. a hippie, not left-wing, not even a peacenik. decision, then Ray is, in a larger measure The Army is not entirely without feeling. He does not really care about Vietnam. Yet, than most of us, a brave man. He was given two days time to change his he has chosen not to kill. mind or accept the consequences. When he It is not the first time he has made such (By Ralph Paladinv) tried to explain his reasons, his CO told a decision. During his first tour here, in an him he was "full of ---." Each day he re­ area called a free-fire zone where anyone and The Universities are closed. For the time fused and someone was sent in his place. anything can be killed and usually is, he was being, there is no dissent of consequence He was then restricted to the company area ordered to kill an old and harmless looking to the government of South Vietnam, not to await court-martial. man. He refused and though he was loudly even in this most dissident of cities. Per­ Since then he has requested numerous berated for it, there are enough people will­ haps the crisis is too grave, the country too times to see both a lawyer and a psychiatrist ing and even eager to carry out such an divided into pro and anti factions for any­ with no success. This week he insisted, and order that nothing more came of it. He has one who truly loves Vietnam to add another a psychiatrist is flying from a nearby base seen many people shot for simply being voice. to see him. The court-martial forms did not where they should not have been. He will ad­ The following is a folk song written by a leave the company area until two weeks mit to the necessity of it sometimes, but young and very popular Vietnamese folk­ after the incident. He has never been noti­ does not want to do it himself. He has seen singer known simply as Son (pronounced fied of that fact and he waits in the nervous his friends shot and maimed. He has seen Shun). He is reported to have been a leader tension that comes with waiting for an ax fellow soldiers who took part in the same of the student demonstrations in Hue in to fall. The charge is "Willful disobedience things he has and crack up afterwards. 1965, though there is no proof. It was labor­ to a commanding officer." It is not the only Through it all, he has retained his sanity. iously translated for me by a first year medi­ possible charge (there is for instance the It is not easy for Ray to explain his reasons cal student at the General Hospital in Hue, charge of "cowardice in the face of the for refusing to go out on the line any longer. who is also a member of a folksinging group. enemy") but it is the most convenient and It took nights of talk before he could ex­ It is difficult for a Western ear to describe easy to prove, and it is in all likelihood press himself and even then was not com­ the melody of a piece of Vietnamese music. the one that will be used. It is a very serious pletely clear. =rowever I try to explain his To our ears, even the speech has a sing-song charge, for under the provisions of the Uni­ motives, it is an injustice to the depth of his quality that is difficult to reproduce. While form Code of Military Justice, conviction sincerity. It is dangerous to make friends the song was sung in a high, lilting voice under general court-martial, the most solemn in Vietnam knowing that they can die so without accompaniment, the lyricism was of military courts, can bring in time of quickly and so easily. So, one stops making unmistakable, and though the language is peace a dishonorable discharge, reduction friends using every bit of conscious effort strange, somehow it can be understood. There to lowest enlisted grade, forfeiture of all pay necessary to avoid intimacy. The effort can is no anger in the song, no bitterness, only and allowances, and five years at hard labor be almost as much of a strain as the loss regret and sorrow. The song is banned in in the federal military prison at Fort might have been. Ray has found the strain Vietnam. Leavenworth. overpowering. He will not see any more "After a thousand years of Chinese domina- The course of justice in the Army is friends killed before his eyes. tion, laborious and time consuming, and in many But there is something more to consider. After one hundred years as a French colony, ways far superior to what passes for justice Ray has been in danger every day in the field After twenty years of civil war, every day, in most civilian courts. The charges must be of having his own life snuffed out or waking The fortune (heritage, bequest) of our reviewed at every level of command from up in a hospital, blind, or without legs or Mother is a forest of dry bones. Company to Division, and recommendations more. He does not want to die, and with only The fortune of our Mother is as mountains made. Only if every level of command rec­ three months to go, with lD months of court­ covered with graves. ommends a general court-martial, and only ing death behind him, he sees the odds She has taught us to speak truly. if it is personally approved by the command­ against him as astronomical, his plans, his Our Mother desires that her children will ing general, can it be convened. Any level life can cease to exist at any moment. He never forget of command can recommend lesser charges does not want to be killed, he does not see The color of their skins, and no level may increase them. If the why it should be him. He has spent his time That they do not forget the Nation that is final decision is to convene the court, an on the line, he has done more than his part Vietnam. investigation similar to a civil grand jury at a time when so many other people have After a thousand years, etc. investigation is launched, and from this never even fired a weapon in Vietnam. And Our Mother desires that we soon come back point on the defendant will have a lawyer to looming large is the simple fact that Vietnam home, defend him. If the jury rules that the gen­ is not worth dying for. All children of the same father must forget eral court is not warranted, the entire pro­ There were other alternatives open to Ray their hatred. cedure begins again, with no possibility of that might have accomplished the same After a thousand years, etc. a general court-martial. things for him. He could have agreed to go The fortune of our Mother is fields with A general court-martial consists of at least back to the line and there since it is not his no rice. five officers, or if the accused requests, one­ company, perform so badly that he would The fortune of our Mother is homes de­ third of the court can be enlisted men. Most be sent back. He could have gone to the line stroyed by fire. EM choose not to have their peers sit in with only 60 more days to go and stayed After a thousand years, etc. judgment, feeling that an officer is more low, avoiding trouble, and hopefully staying The fortune of our Mother is a band of exiles likely to be sympathetic to the problem. The alive. But he feels that he is requesting very within their own country. accused must be represented by a defense little, that he should not have to go out The fortune of our Mother is a band of counsel, a certified lawyer from the Staff traitors." Judge Advocates office, though he may re­ again for even one more day. quest a particular individual if he is avail­ Ray is aware of the consequence of his ac­ able or pay for his own civ111an lawyer ( dif­ tions. He is very afraid of what will happen ficult in Vietnam, of course). to him. He does not think that he will be Ray has no legal grounds for acquittal if able to survive five years in prison. But he Minshall Opinion Poll a court-martial is convened. He is not a cannot change his mind. He hopes that the Conscientious Objector, he is not insane, he psychiatrist can do something to help him, will not obey the order if it is given him in he hopes that his 19 months of performing HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL the future. And most decidedly, he will be his duty will mitigate the severity of the OF OHIO found guilty if tried. But he has some punishment. But he does not know. The peo­ chances before trial. A psychiatrist may ple in his unit do not hold anything against IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES attest that a return to combat duty would him. Many think he is being stupid, but they Thursday, April 11, 1968 endanger his mental health and is not rec­ do not treat him any differently than before. ommended. The court will consider the fact. Even his replacement on the line, who had Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, under The Army itself may decide to discharge him come back with a broken ankle, does notre­ leave to revise and extend my remarks, on grounds of unfitness or inadaptability for sent the decision. If peer judgment were to I wish to insert my 1968 opinion poll in decide the case, Ray would be free. military service. Since Ray is only three the RECORD: months from discharge, the Army may just How can one categorize a man like Ray? wait and allow him to be released on sched­ Is he a coward, a martyr, a murderer turned CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM E. MINSHALL WOULD ule (though the Army can hold him beyond scared? The truth, as in most thing::; prob­ LIKE YOUR OPINION his discharge while proceedings are in prog­ ably lies somewhere in between. If being APRIL, 1968. ress) . Someone along the line of command afraid to die is a sign of cowardice, then that DEAR FRmNDs: As in previous years I am can recommend a lesser charge or lesser court is there too. If one considers the penalty sending the Minshall Opinion Poll to the and therefore lesser penalties (A special court greater in severity than the consequences of home of every registered voter in the 23rd may not imprison a man for more than six the act, then he is part martyr (though he District-Democrat, Republican or Independ­ months). would not agree.) But if bravery is the mak- ent. April 17, 1968 EXTENSIONS. OF .REMARKS . 9919

In this questionnaire I have. tried .to rover and. debates not readily available to the pub­ re~urn it to Minshall Opinion Poll, 2243 Ray­ as many of the issues as possible and know lic but your response to ,this poll wm be burn House Office Building, Washington, it is difiicult to r:espond with a "yes" or "no" helpful in reaching my dec1s1ons in the D.C.. 20515. Your participation ~d coopera­ answer to such comple~ and serious ques~ months ahead. tion are very mucb appreciated. tions. The votes that will be' t~ke.n •n Con­ Each questionnaire wlli be tabulated by With best wishes, gress, however, also must be reduced to a computer .and results will be released to the · Sincerely yours, _ "yes" or "no". As your Representative I news media and in a future newsletter. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL, formulate my judgments on hearings, studies When y.ou have completed the poll, please Member of Congress.

.MINSHAll OPINION POLL (Read each question carefully and check appropriate box or boxes where applicable] Yes No 1. If a satisfactory peace in Vietnam cannot be achieved in the forseeable future, 4. Do you favo ~ a Federal open housing law?______D 0 which of the following courses of action do you favor? (Check only one) : 5. Do you favor an increase in Federal funds to combat air and water pollution?._ 0 0 (a) Maintain present policy ______---- ______. . _ 0 6. Do you favor an increase in Federal income taxes? ______0 0 (b) Further intensify efforts to secure peace by negotiation ______0 7. Should Federal spending be reduced on- (a) Foreign aid .• ______(c) "Win or get out"------.------0 D 0 (d) Increase U.S. military efforts .• ______------______._ 0 (b) Space program ______. __ ._ .. ______·__ .• ______-- __ •. ----- D 0 (e) Gradual deescalation of U.S. military efforts with subsequent with- (c) Poverty program. ______D 0 drawal to coastal enclaves ______D (d) Supersonic transport program ______-- ___ _--- D D (f) Completely stop all bombing of North Vietnam to bring about peace (e) Agriculture subsidies ______. ______. _. ______---- __ ------0 D negotiations. ______D (1) Military spending ______------__ --- - - D D (g) Immediate withdrawal of all U.S. troops ______D 8. Should Congress create a Captive Nations Committee to study peaceful ways (h) Seek solution through United Nations ______D the Unit~d States can help Communist controlled countries regain freedom?_ D D (i) Seek solution through Geneva Conference. ____ ... _____ . ______D 9. Should mall-order sale of f1rearms be federally regulated? ______D 0 2. In dealing with civil disorders1 do you favor- Yes No 10. Do you favor- (a) Stricter handling of noters and demonstrators by police and courts __ D D (a) Federal rent supplements for low-income families ______0 D (b) More multi-billion-dollar programs for improvement of slum areas •• D D (b) Guaranteed annual incomes subsidized by the Federal Government.. 0 D 3. To curb the soaring crime rate, do you favor- (c) Student busing between city and suburban school districts to provide (a) Restoration of police authority in apprehending and interrogating racially and socioeconomically balanced schools ______D D suspects._------__ ------D D (b) Less leniency toward convicted criminals by the courts______D D (c) Stronger laws penalizing sale and possession of hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD ______------______D D

"The Cassiopeia Affair" Is it civilized to let decay our beautiful Let us light up the firmaments, not with cities like Paris and Rome and New York the blaze of a nuclear fireball but with a and Bangkok, to name a few? Is it civilized shining beacon, the glory of man's eternal HON. VANCE HARTKE that we let these former jewels of our society dream of peace on Earth realiZed at last. become great festering sores, oozing uncon­ OF INDIANA trollable traffic, polluted air, ugly and unin­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES habitable buildings, slums, dirt, and crime? Wednesday, April17, 1968 Are we civilized when so many of us still hate each other according to the difference in Grant to Northwestern University for Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, there was pigmentation of our most superficial at­ African National Unity Project recently published a most unusual novel tribute, our skin? called "The Oassiopeia Affair," the au­ Finally, how would our problem of war thors of which are Mrs. Chloe Zerwick look to the dwellers of a distant star? How HON. BARRATT O'HARA could you explain why, on this speck of cos­ and Dr. Harrison Brow.a. Mrs. Zerwick is mic dust sailing through eternity, blessed OF ILLINOIS the distinguished public affairs consult­ with great rivers and stately mountains, a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ant to the World Law Fund, and Profes­ wealth of fertile fields and bountiful mineral Wednesday, April17, 1968 sor Brown is the eminent geochemist at resources, manufacturing centers and lovely the California Institute of Technology, villages, music and painting and poetry, Mr. O'HARA of Tilinois. Mr. Speaker, as well as foreign secretary of the Na­ blessed with such beautiful children, how as chairman of the African Subcommit­ tional Academy of Sciences. In this re­ could you explain why we face each other tee of the Committee on Foreign Affairs markably prescient novel, the authors every day with the threat of nuclear extermi­ I am happy to announce a $400,000, 3- nation? Man is one of the few creatures year grant to Northwestern University decipher a message from a remote which kills its own wholesale. Yet man's in­ planet which proves the existence of an ner essence-and some of our best biologists from the Ford Foundation to study prob­ advanced civilization there-a civiliza­ will bear me out--lies in his extraordinary lems connected with the development of tion more developed than our own on ability to love others of his own kind. And cohesive and stable nation-states in earth, and one that has learned how to this basic drive toward altruism is as firmly Africa. survive its own nuclear age without de­ based on our animal ancestry as is physical The grant, for the ''Developing Na­ stroying itself in a senseless holocaust. man himself. tional Unity in Africa" project in North­ I am reminded of this novel because Yet we men, who can live together side by western's African studies program, will side in peace in our cities and nations, we the world has been alerted since its pub­ still have found no way to live together in be administered by Gwendolen M. lication to the discovery by both Ameri­ peace in the world. Why? I don't believe the Carter, one of the Nation's outstanding can and British astronomers of radio wisest man could . find a persuasive answer authorities on Africa. signals from beyond the earth. to that question. Miss Carter is director of the inter­ This intriguing blend of science and So Y9U understand why, as I am speak­ disciplinary African studies program fiction could hold meaning more directly ing to you, our Ambassadors in the other capitals of the world are delivering to heads and professor of political science at related to our immediate problems; for, if of state, great and small, the text of this Northwestern. Fields covered under the indeed there may even prove to be ad­ announcement and an urgent proposal. Next grant will include political science, vanced life on other planets, beings who week's Rome Conference of Foreign Minis­ geography, sociology, anthropology, eco­ have conquered their nuclear dilemma ters has been scheduled for some time to nomics, and linguistics. without destroying themselves, this is a discuss the political problems created by Announcement of the grant ·was made lesson all nations on earth should want the crisis on the Chinese-Siberian border jointly by Howard R. Dressner, secre­ to learn. near Dzhalinda. I am proposing that this conference be reconstituted as a Summit tary, the Ford Foundation, New York, In "The Cassiopeia Affair," Mrs. Zer­ Meeting, world-wide in scope. and Dr. J. Roscoe Miller, president of wick and Dr. Brown hav~ created a fic­ I myself plan to go to Rome, to the Northwestern University. Dr. Miller tional President of the United States parish of Pope John XXIII, to discuss with said: who, on learning of the existence of an the leaders of the nations of the world, if We have great confidence in Professor advanced civilization on Cassiopeia they will join me, the implications of this Carter and are convinced that this project 3579, addresses the world in an eloquent new discovery for our society. constitutes a logical and valuable develop­ plea for rationality and peace. What he I would hope that out of such a meeting ment in our academic program and in our says is poignantly applicable to the con­ at · this time would come not only a de­ first plan for the seventies. cis~on about our reaction to this message dition of mankind today. I quote one sec- · but the beginnings of a plan truly to civilize Dr. Miller said strengthening North­ tion of it: th~s small spaceship we all inhabit. western's academic activities has prior- 9920 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April-17, -1968 ity under the first plan. In the plan, Vietcong Tactics-Report by Dr. Loran B. staying at the Christian and Missionary Al­ special emphasis is placed on interdis­ liance Church for safety-it had received ciplinary approaches in the study of im­ Morgan, Torrington, Wyo. stray shots only, as was true of my house. portant social problems. The African The man on the other side of the house was studies program is interdisciplinary in tape recording the battle sounds from an HON. GALE W. McGEE open window the first night of the attack focus and brings together specialists OF WYOMING when a stray shot went through the win­ from many academic departments. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES dow beside him. The only American civilians Including the new $400,000 grant, Ford killed were a police advisory official while Foundatio11 gifts since 1955 to the Af­ Wednesday, April17, 1968 working with the local police--Mr. Al Farkas rican studies program have totaled more Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, Dr. Loran born and reared in Erie, P a. and retired Chief of Police of Lancaster, P a.-and Mr. than $2 million. The foundation gave B. Morgan, of Torrington, Wyo., is an the program $261,610 between 1955 and Lobit who was several kilometers out of American physician who has given much town, contrary to orders, but sorry to say, 1961. In 1961, it gave ~1,050,000 to endow of himself to aid the victims of warfare in keeping with his attitude. Too many graduate training and research in in Vietnam. He is now in that war-torn Americans lose their lives as a result of try­ African studies. It made a $250,000 grant country on his second tour of duty as ing to play cops and robbers, or something. in 1961 for high school summer institutes a volunteer physician. He has forwarded A special delegation from USAID, Dr. Hal in African studies, and gave $40,000 in to me a report, not by himself, but by Hall, Director of USAID Elementary Educa­ 1967 for summer programs of joint re­ his roommate, on the events at Vinh tion and Dr. D. J. Hays, USAID Chief of Edu­ cation in Region IV, a local CORDS man, and search by professors and graduate stu­ Long earlier this year, during the Tet dents of Northwestern Rnd the Univer­ I went to see the Deputy Province Chief con­ offensive. This report gives a vivid pic­ cerning his acceptance of the location of the sity of Ghana. ture of the Vietcong tactics-an attack new women's dormitory. The contracts h ave Miss Carter said the grant will help on a girls' orphange is mentioned as a been let but he now wants it turned 90 support and expand the following as­ postscript--but also gives us a picture degree& to the planned orientation for which pects of Northwestern's current pro­ of the efforts being put forward by many all drawings are completed. The change will gram: Americans, military and civilian, to im­ entail new drawings for which no money is Field studies by Northwestern faculty available. He was adamant in a very nice prove living conditions in Vietnam. Mr. way but his lack of interest in education may members and advanced graduate stu­ President, I ask consent that the report dents at the national, r egional, and in­ cost the loss of over $600,000 in two badly be printed in the Extensions of Re­ needed new dormitories for the College. If the ternational levels in Africa; marks. change in drawings can be done for under Visiting professorships and lecture­ There being no objection, the report $500 the reorientation may t ake place--we ships by outstanding scholars from Af­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, hope. rican universities; as follows: The college is to reopen April 1. Since the Fellowships to support study at North­ squad of twelve Vietnamese soldiers stationed There had been two attacks on Vinh Long, in the dormitories are to remain in this stra­ western by outstanding graduate stu­ one January 30 to February 3 and the other dents from Africa; and tegic spot the women will sleep on the floor February 16-18, approximately. Somewhat of the auditorium and eat in the kitchen Preparation of a new series of pub­ more than 40 % of the town was destroyed. (picnic style, I guess). lications on the development of national The VC burned the public market and the Damage done to the buildings includes unity in Africa, to be issued by the string of stores nearby belonging to Chinese more than 125 windows, 30 sheets of roofing, Northwestern University Press. absentee landlords and some run by Chinese. one hole in the dormitory floor from a small The national unity project wa.:; estab­ Odd, isn't it, because the main damage in shell, plus the damage, pilfering and mess Saigon was in the Chinese section known as lished last year, accordiing to Miss Car­ caused by the refugees. All the toilets were Cholon and there was no attack on the clogged as well as the intake pipe to the ter. These are some aspects of the proj­ American PX there. Many Vietnamese feel e'}t already underway: septic tank. Many used the tile (on hand for toward the Chinese as some Westerners do a building project) to mark out their little Development of long-term data on about Hebrews. In Vinh Long as in Saigon areas of "home" in the auditorium and on linguistic diversity and standardization the greater damage was done by the Ameri­ the corridors. Some of the bricks have been and social change in West Africa, di­ cans driving the VC out because they were restacked and the cleanup and repair work rected by Jack Berry, professor and in the people's homes. In general the people has begun. This is also true in town. Much of understood the necessity of this. There was a chairman of the department of lin­ the rubble has been removed, some of it used little resentment where people lost homes in for needed land fill and loose b_ricks and tile guistics; the areas suspected of hiding VC when there Research on the impact of Western for repair work. were none, but the Americans had to be This costly holocaust seems to have made education and urbanization on different sure. They couldn't rap at each door from ~ the Vietnamese realize more than anything cultural groups in the Ivory Coast, di­ helicopter (in Vinh Long). else could, that there is a war. In the Delta rected by Remi P. Clignet, associate pro­ From Vinh Long and adjacent areas 19,000 area a new Vietnamese general h as been put fessor of sociology; refugees had to be provided for. 3,000 were in command-a man who has a widespread Communications processes and the in­ in the Normal College but that was down reputation among his countrymen for hon­ to 1,700 when I arrived and today, March esty. We have a new province chief with the terrelationships o:L ethnic groups and 27, only ten families remain. I am happy to of rural and arban areas in Nigeria, di­ same kind of reputation. Plans by Americans say that neither my interpreter or driver were and Vietnamese have had to be changed and rected by Edward Soja, assistant pro­ affected in any way. My clerk-typist's family transportation out of town is not considered fessor of geography. had the roof blown off their house and con­ safe except by air. However, the growers are Effects of traditional economic sys­ siderable damage to the contents. They are getting their produce to market in spite of tems on modernizatior. processes, di­ living with relatives. Four college teachers VC orders to embargo the cities. We even get rected by George Dalton, professor of lost their homes. Mr. Diep, who is 63, semi­ vegetables from Dalat (200 miles) via truck, retired, but with six children at home, lost altho the drivers are probably paying "taxes" economics and anthropology; and the beautiful home inherited from his fa­ Modernization indicators and values, to the VC. The markets are not quite up to ther which he had modernized. He will re­ their former standards but prices are low be­ directed by Ronald Cohen, ~sociate pro­ ceive $68.00 from the government to re­ cause it 1s harvest time for rice and the farm­ fessor of anthropology and political build. This will help pay for a bamboo and ers want to sell. It is somewhat difficult to science. thatch cabin, but that is all. He had some get their produce to Saigon. New African studies faculty members fine furniture which was also lost. The su­ The people dislike the VC to say the least, have greatly strengthened the pro­ pervisor general has his family in the two because of their ruthlessness and terrorism. gram's academic capabilities, said Miss offices-his and mine. I hear this is for pro­ They have no loyalty to their government Carter. They include Irma Adelman, pro­ tection against possible further attacks. One because, altho the French are out, the ruling of the saddest facets of the entire action was class was French trained and act according­ fessor of economics, an authority on eco­ the looting of the town by the Vietnamese ly. The people in general are inclined to look nomic development; Ethel M. Albert, pro­ soldiers. My loss was about $750.00 (replace­ out for their own and that is all. The Hoa fessor of anthropology and speech, an ment value) but many lost furniture as well Hao (sect of Buddhists) have no trouble expert in African value systems; Frank {hauled away in army trucks). My maid with the VC because they stick together and Willett, professor of art, an archeological came to the house at noon of the 19th of help each other out. The VC are afraid of investigator of African art; John Paden, February and found the soldiers there (they them and let them alone. There are about a instructor in political science, author of forced a window to get in) . They threatened million of them in the country but they are to kill her if she tried to stop them but by a sociolinguistic study of the city of quite parochial, in their outlook, perhaps be­ claiming some of my things as hers she was cause their armies were defeated in a bid for Kano, Nigeria; and Morris F. Goodman, able to save them. I turned in a list of my power a few years ago. A spirit of "all for one, associate professor of linguistics, a things to MACV at their request and may one for all" is sadly lacking, but 1! it ever specialist in African languages. receive some compensation. My maid was caught fire the fight would quickly be over. April 17, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9921 rhis is something the American government ations and their resolution should be an In the initiation and execution of such Ls expending much effort to develop but so iinportant component of such programs. programs, utopian promises characteristic f ar without much evidence of success. (2) We urge the iinmediate establish­ of all the preceding programs and of political There are interesting stories of the battle ment of massive aid programs to upgrade campaigns should be eschewed since they which I will save until later. Right now my the quality and organization of the police serve only to generate further frustration; work seems to be to help secure assistance to forces and to double the total number. the frustration is the natural consequence repair the damage at the College and pray (3) We urge the immediate establish­ of either real cut-backs in programs or the for the saving of the dormitories. Tomorrow ment of a program for massive support of realization that the promises cannot (if I will go to Saigon via military plane to be the following: ever) be fulfilled. What is currently being present for a staff meeting the 29th. I will try (a) Educational programs in cities of suf­ done needs much more effective presentation to get my Vietnamese counterpart on the ficient aid and assistance to encourage new to the citizenry. manifest because he needs to see the Minis­ teachers and volunteers to dedicate them­ It would appear that to avoid civil war, ter of Education about the situation at the selves to major changes in the quality and our government and people must provide a College. intensity of teaching programs. commitment to our cities and poverty pro­ Part of this year has been lost but we are (b) Aid to education tied to integration grams analogous to that to the farmers and looking forward to a strong finish and a efforts such as the establishment of educa­ agriculture over the past sixty years but at bigger and better program next year. tional parks. a higher level of expenditure. (The essential P.S. The VC attacked the Catholic orphan­ (c) Short term aid benefits as a "carrot" components of the agriculture program were age for orphaned and wayward girls. A heli­ to trade unions and employers to utilize research programs, grass-roots extension copter dropped into the compound and in non-white applicants and apprentices plus services, the knowledgeable local country several trips rescued the inmates. Two other exerting real pressures to remedy the in­ agent, high school and local college clubs, choppers circled the compound, firing on the herent discrimination of patronage and and professional and promotional organiza­ VC. The VC were coming over the wall as the closed union systems. tions.) Perhaps the most important lesson last load took off. (4) We urge a saturating of public infor­ to be learned from previous programs is the The Base commander decided to take a mation effort designed to make every citizen insight regarding the techniques for encour­ Jeep ride along the perimeter of the Base overwhelmed with facts that (1) much is be­ agement and improvement of the lot of beyond the landing strip to check on the sit­ ing done and (2) that much more needs to human beings by service, training and dem­ uation. He did not know the VC had taken be done. The aim of such a program should onstration. the outposts. He was killed. The VC de­ be among the following: Another obvious procedure is the estab­ stroyed one chopper, then the Americans (a) 'l'o establish and promote a sense of lishment of model programs with demon­ counterattacked and drove them off. More community in the country, in cities, and in strations to invitees (expenses paid) to ex­ than 200 VC were probably killed because the local groups. amine these programs. Washington, D.C. Americans had tremendous fire power. The (b) To encourage the involvement of all could be an ideal city in which to establish VC were barefooted, wore black shorts, a individuals in the task of grooming a better a model program. It would appear that it shirt, and a bandoleer of cartridges. society. could be done there with relative ease; there P.P.S. I just received word that we will (c) To emphasize the necessity of working is the manpower, the interest, and the pres­ probably get the dormitories! together for obviously needed changes, for ence of the poverty stricken and the well-to­ example, to promote honesty in government do side by side. Further, such activities by officialdom, to promote and extend efficiency the legislative and executive branches of of government functions, for support of government would not have to wait on ex­ Letter Concerning Racial Unrest educational improvements, to improve the tensive complexities of local political con­ quality of our environment, and for equal cern in the states and in outlying cities. protection of all citizens under the law. Yours most respectfully, (d) To make clear that we all have had a CEDRIC M. SMITH, M.D. HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY hand in creating our present dilemmas ·and Professor and Chairman, Department of OF NEW YORK that we all must work day after day and Pharmacology, State University of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year after year to improve our lot. New York at Buffalo. (5) It is urged that the non-violent dem­ MRs. CEDRIC M. SMITH. Wednesday, April17, 1968 onstration planned by Martin Luther King be assisted, via legislation and executive di­ Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, in the rection, in order to dramatize the crucial wake of the racial unrest which this Na­ difference between violent and non-violent tion has experienced in recent days, it demonstrations (one way would be to train Retirement of Lt. Col. George E. Davidson was very gratifying to me to receive a police and volunteers as monitors for such thoughtful constructive letter from Dr. non-violent demonstrations. Another would HON. JOSEPH D. TYDINGS and Mrs. Cedric Smith, of Eggertsville, be the research and development of tech­ N.Y. I am so impressed with the excel­ niques for organizing and controlling non­ OF MARYLAND lent suggestions made in the Smith's let­ violent demonstrations). The massive use of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ill-prepared federal troops would have a ter that I would like to share their tragic effect. Wednesday, April17, 1968 thoughts with my colleagues. The letter (6) It is requested that funds be immedi­ Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, the follows: ately allocated for the truly effective training EGGERTSVILLE, N.Y., Cambridge Daily Banner recently in­ of the populace and civil authorities in the vited my attention to the retirement soon April 11, 1968. procedures to be followed in the event of Hon. RICHARD D. McCARTHY, civil disturbances. This training should em­ of a very fine member of the Maryland House of Representatives, phasize the long and short term goals of State Police, Lt. Col. George E. Davidson. Washington, D.C. such activities including the use of different Since 1964, Lieutenant Colonel David­ SIR: Our country faces disaster in our kinds of weapons than are currently being son has served the State police as chief cities and suburbs with · American citizens employed. Considerations of new weapons for of operations. wreaking violence on other Americans. The effective control and channeling of mob ac­ The Cambridge Daily Banner recently tragedy of a brutal civil war may be avoided tions should be explored in full view of the but this will require vigorous legislative a~d public and potential recipients. The use of published an editorial commendation of executive action designed and carried out "secret" weapons can only serve to generate Lieutenant Colonel Davidson. I ask unan­ with sufficient realism and widespread pub­ further charges of "brutality" and infringe­ imous consent that it be printed in the lic awareness of the goals and procedures ments of citizens' rights. (See IDA report as RECORD. required to meet the challenge. The Presi­ part of President's Crime Commission re­ There being no objection, the editorial dent's Commission identified many of the port.) Extensive, dispassionate discussions of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, trouble spots but its remedy has overlooked the most appropriate procedures for the man­ as follows: some of the essential ingredients. To this agement of demonstrations would be tre­ end we earnestly entreat and iinplore the mendously beneficial to all citizens. Narrow LONG SERVICE TO THE STATE Congress, the Executive branch of the gov~ considerations of only "military objectives" One of the veterans of the Maryland State ernment, the State legislatures and local is not only inappropriate-it is self defeating. Police will soon be ending more than four governing bodies to establish and iinple­ It would appear that the game in counter­ decades of faithful service to the people of ment iinmediate action along the following ing civil disturbances is the channeling of Maryland. He is Lt. Col. George E. Davidson lines: the attitudes and behavior of people towards who since 1964 has served his department as (1) We urge the immediate establish­ the ends of the best possible resolutions for chief of operations. ment of Federal and State programs for the all citizens. And this means the disarming Col. Davidson is no stranger to the people training of police volunteers and public offi­ of the overzealous minority preaching vio­ of Cambridge and Dorchester County. During cials in the subject of community relations lence by the overwhelming involvement of racial disorders Col. Davidson made a number via workshops, seminars, and retreats. A their potential followers in more truly con­ of appearances in the city. He could be ob­ program on simulation of riot-trigger situ- structive endeavors. served a:t· the trouble scene time after tiine, 9922 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1968 usually very unobtrusive but very much on I wish to join with my colleagues in On the other hand, the release of the job. paying tribute to an outstanding civil The colonel is retiring for the simple energy through a sudden big slippage can reason that he is soon to reach the manda­ servant. bring on an upheaval like the San Fran­ tory retirement age of 64 for members of the cisco disaster. State Pollee Department. We.suspect if the It is through the precise gaging of truth were known that Col. Davidson would Predicting Earthquakes earth movements in and around the fault prefer to spend at least a few more years that scientists hope to be able to analyze with the pollee with whom he has spent all the symptoms of an earthquake--before of his working life. HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN it actually occurs. Members of the staff of this newspaper have come to know Lt. Col. Davidson over OF CALIFORNIA Under unanimous consent, I include at the years. Some years ago when we were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this point two articles from the San concerned about the lack of promotional Wednesday, April17, 1968 Diego Union describing last week's earth­ opportunity for the troopers assigned to quake: Dorchester County, the field force com­ Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, on DAMAGE, INJURIES MINoR: SHARP QuAKE Hrrs mander and the superintendent of the State the eve of the 62d anniversary of the SAN DIEGO AREA, BUILDINGS SWAY Police made a personal trip to Cambridge great San Francisco earthquake, I think (By Dick Bowman) to discuss the matter at length. it is fitting that we pause to consider one Sometime later we had occasion to work An earthquake measured at 6.5 on the with Col. Davidson when plans were being of the ways in which man is attempting Richter Scale rocked Southern California at made to dedicate a State Police detachment to protect himself against any recurrence 6:30 p.m. yesterday, making tall buildings headquarters in Cambridge. Plans were of that frightful disaster. sway as much as several feet, breaking win­ cleared with him and he himself led a group We cannot stop earthquakes, of course, dows and causing power failure. of high-ranking members of the force to the but we may be able in the near future to The earthquake was felt as far away as dedication itself. Yuma, Ariz., Las Vegas, Nev., and Baja Cali­ predict them, saving many lives in the fornia. No seriotls damage or injuries were Lt. Col. Davidson has not confined his process. reported. vocational interests to the Maryland state In fact, earthquakes of the kind that Heavy temblors lasted up to 30 seconds in Police. If memory serves us correctly, he has downtown San Diego. served on committees and as an officer of a rocked San Francisco in 1906, Alaska in 1964, and southern California only last In Borrego Valley, the quake jarred guy national pollee officers association. This wires holding a Paci:flc Telephone microwave amounts to a recognition of his experience, week, could be just as predictable as antenna there, sending the antenna crash­ ability and interest. changes in the weather. ing to the ground. Telephones in the Bor­ After retirement, the officer has plans to The San Francisco quake, the most rego Valley area were out of service through­ take a policy-making role in a service club devastating in U.S. history, claimed 700 out the night. Earth slides also blocked which has international affiliations. In that Montezuma Road into the valley. role Lt. Col. Davidson will have occasion to lives and caused $500 million in property use the diplomacy which stood him in good damage when it struck on April 18, 1906. SHARPEST JOLT IN 12 YEARS stead when he was called on to unravel some Though not as severe, the tremor that It was the sharpest quake to jolt the city of the knotty problems facing the high com­ shook a wide area of the Pacific South­ in 12 years. mand of the State Pollee. Merchandise in grocery stores throughout west last week was graphic evidence that the county was sent crashing to the :floor, The best tribute to men like Lt. COl. this particular danger is still very much Davidson is the universally high regard in lights swayed violently in most downtown which members of the Maryland State Police with us. buildings and a window at the Bank of are held by the rank and file citizens. · Although no deaths or injuries were at­ America, Sixth Avenue and Broadway, was tributed to this latest quake, it caused shattered. tall buildings to sway and created havoc Burglar alarms in San Diego, Escondido and in the· Imperial Valley were set off by the in many stores by sending merchandise shock. Postmaster General Lawrence F. O'Brien crashing to the floor. The seismograph at California Institute It had the same force as the earth­ of Technology in Pasadena recorded a 6.5 HON. JAMES A. BURKE quake that devastated Sicily last Jan­ on the Richter Scale, a spokesman said. uary, killing 250 persons. Fortunately for ALASKA QUAKE WAS 8.5 OF MASSACHUSETTS southern California, the quake concen­ The devastating Alaskan earthquake on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trated its fury on a remote desert area, Good Friday, 1964, was fixed at 8.5 on the Wednesday, April17, 1968 far from any population center. Richter Scale. That quake kllled 105 per­ One of the terrifying aspects of all sons. Tidal waves resulting from that quake Mr. BURKE of Massachlusetts. Mr. caused extensive damage at Crescent City, Speaker, I wish to associate myself with major earthquakes has been our inability Calif. the statements of my colleagues in Con­ to foretell when and where they will hit; Dr. Charles Richter at Caltech said yester­ gress with reference to Postmaster Gen­ but thanks to the pioneering research of day's quake's reading of 6.5 on his scale eral Lawrence F. O'Brien. Larry O'Brien two Federal laboratories in the San Fran­ compared with 8.3 for the 1906 quake that cisco area, our ignorance may be ending. ravaged San Francisco. is a dedicated and devoted public servant. He said the epicenter of this quake was His service in Washington has covered a For the first time, significant light is about 120 miles southeast of Los Angeles, wide field as administrative assistant in being shed on the causes and probability near the Mexican border between San Diego House and Senate o:tnces, including that of earthquakes. and Imperial counties. of our late, beloved President John F. The U.S. researeh centers working on However, the Fleet Weather Facil1ty at Kennedy during his service in the Con­ earthquake forecasting are the Earth­ North Island pinpointed the epicenter farther south, at Puerto Penasco on the gress, later as special assistant to Presi­ quake Mechanism Laboratory, operated Mexican mainland, directly across the Gulf dent John F. Kennedy at the White in San Francisco by the Commerce De­ of California from San Felipe. House, special assistant to the White partment's Environmental Science Serv­ Richter said the quake was "moderate but House under President Lyndon B. John­ ices Administration, and the National of potentially local destructive power. It was son, and then to the high Cabinet post Center for Earthquake Research estab­ not a major one." of Postmaster General of the United lished at Menlo Park last year by the At Berkeley, a seismograph recorded a read­ States. Geological Survey, an agency of the ing of 7 on the Richter Scale and at San Larry O'Brien, a native of the city of Interior Department. Diego the reading was 5. A Oal Tech spokes­ man ~xplained the readings usually are Springfield, Mass., has gained nationwide Scientists at both centers are focusing higher the faa"ther one gets from the epi­ recognition for his political acumen-of their investigations on the San Andreas center, because readings cl·oser to the source course this is something that comes nat­ Fault, a great crack in the earth that of the quake sometimes are "distorted" by urally to all those of Celtic origin. But extends from the bay area into southern the force of the jolt. Larry seems to be blessed with a little Califomia. The quake cracked inside walls on the 13th more than is usual. His friendly way, his Most Califomia earthquakes are di­ floor of a building on Wilshire Boulevard in recognition of the many problems of com­ rectly related to slippage along the fault, Los Angeles and caused a rock slide on State 74 between Palm Desert and Idyllwild, tem­ plexity that confront the average offi­ which is split to a depth of 30 miles. porarily closing the highway. cial, his willingness to work out a prob­ Normal slipping of a fraction of an A m.ajor power f·ailure was reported in lem no matter how long it may take or inch a year does little harm and, in fact, Mexicali, the capital of Baja California, where how tedious it may be has endeared him is likely to relieve tensions that other­ windows were smashed but no injuries to all the Members of Congress. wise might induce quakes. occurred. April 17, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9923 The quake's shock was felt as far away as In the San Diego region, he said, there are principle of Senate Bill 2600 and House Reso­ Southern Nevada. no big or active fault lines this side of the lution 14249, which provide for the evalua­ In Las Vegas, high-rise gambling resort Laguna Mountains: That does not mean, he tion of farms and ranches for estate and gift hotels swayed noticeably. added, that San Diego could not have a big tax purposes to be made on the basis of their Persons a.t the top of the Mint Hotel in earthquake sometime. value for agricultural production rather than downtown Las Vegas and at the top of the "One of the largest earthquakes on record," on the basis of comparison to other land val­ 20-story Dunes Hotel said buildings on the he said, "was in Missouri. They can happen ues which may reflect inflated and· specu­ city's famous "strip" swayed back and forth anyplace, but they are more frequent where lative prices; further, that this resolution be about six inches. there are mountains." sent to all the members of the Congress. Some Las Vega.:. residents said the shock Adopted at annual Membership Meeting, was simila.r to a "nuclear blast." The swaying San Antonio, Texas March 24-27, 1968. :tasted a.bourt; a minute. An airport spokesman sa.id some plaster Resolutions by the Texas and Southwest­ RESOLUTION 6 fell art; San Diego's Internationa! Airport. Whereas, this Association in the past has Damage was reported as slight. ern Cattle Raisers Association Concern­ supported legislation permitting quantities Hot wires fell on 22nd street between Com­ ing Proposed Farm Legislation of beef to be imported annually into this merci-al and Imperial avenues in Southeast country and there is presently legislation in San Diego, forcing police to detour traffic. force to this effect, Many motorists driving on area freeways HON. JOHN G. TOWER Therefore, be it -resolved that the Texas stopped their oars, puzzled by the roadbed's and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association shaking. OF TEXAS again reaffirms its position of further A power failure w:a.s reported in parts of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES strengthening this legislation by strongly Mission Beach and Pacific Beach. Wednesday, April17, 1968 supporting Senate Bill 1588 and House Reso­ Quakes were reported in El Centro at 6:31 lution 9475 which legislation (a) establishes p.m. and 7:04p.m. Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, the Texas the triggering level at 100%; (b) includes The heaviest power failure was believed and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Asso­ canned, cooked, and cured meat products; to be near the Rohr Corp. plant in Chula (c) establishes a quota on a more uniform Vista. The area still was dark an hou1' after ciation, which has a history of keeping abreast of pending legislation and mak­ basis throughout the year; finally, that a the quake &truck. copy of this resolution be sent to all mem­ Heavy damage was reported in Lakesdde. ing its position clear on all matters, has bers of the Congress. Jacqueline Tomlinson, an employe at Leo's furnished me copies of its recent resolu­ Adopted at Annual Membership Meeting, Lakeside Pharamacy, said the store owner, tions. This fine organization represents San Antonio, Texas, March 24-27, 1968. Leo Wa.rd, estimated damage art; $500. the economic and historic background of "It was utter des·truotion in the store, a RESOLUTION 9 total mess," she said. the Southwest. These gentlemen have She sadd all kinds of merchandise was faced and solved many insurmountable Whereas, the Executive Committee of the spilled to the floor during the quake. problems with the same thorough, un- Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers As­ She said a nearby liquor store was forced . selfish determination depicted in these sociation took a strong positive position in to close for several hours while employes resolutions, and I must compliment them opposition to proposed rule changes, and cleaned up the debris from scores of broken for taking such an active part in govern­ Whereas, the American National Cattle­ bottles. A large plate glass window fell in on ment. men's Association at its Convention in Okla­ window displays at Grayson's Mu&c Store in Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ homa City has taken a similar position, now Lakeside, she sa.id. therefore be it resolved that the Texas and Bottles and canned goods were knocked off sent that these resolutions be entered at Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association go shelves at the Big Bear supermarket at the this point in the RECORD. on record as reiterating the position taken Del MM' Shopping Center, and plate glass There being no objection, the resolu­ by its Executive Committee at their meet­ window was broken at the Value Fair market tions were ordered to be printed in the ing in Dallas, Texas, on February 6, 1968, in in Oardi1f. RECORD, as follOWS: opposition to the proposed rule changes pub­ lished in the Federal Register on January TEST SHOCK NEEDED: QuAKE FORECAST STRIDES RESOLUTION 3 18, 1968, further restricting the movement of OU'DLINED . The Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers cattle interstate from non-certified areas. (By Bryant Evans) Association having met in general assembly Adopted at Annual MemberShip Meeting, at San Antonio, Texas, March 27, 1968, at San Antonio, Texas, March 24-27, 1968. Scientists cannot yet predict an earth­ their 9lst Annual Convention, has resolved quake, but probably within a few years they that they are opposed to House Bill No. 4769, will be able to, Robert D. Nason, geophysicist and desire to go on record that they do not wLth the San Francisco Earthquake Mecha- wish to be included in the National Labor - nism Laboratory of the Environmental Sci­ Relations Board Act as is being proposed at Retirement of Mrs. Grace A. Mullenix ence Service Administration, predicted here this time. last night. And be it further resolved that this Asso­ "We need a good quake to test out our sys­ ciation applauds the action of the House Ag­ HON. JOSEPH D. TYDINGS tem," he told an audience at the Natural His­ tory Museum. "We will not be able to predict riculture Committee in its resolution advo­ OF MARYLAND cating the exemption of agriculture from this IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the next one, but we hope we can predict the legislation. one after that." Adopted at Annual Membership Meeting, Wednesday, April17, 1968 ABOUT 'I' ON RICHTER SCALE NEEDED San Antonio, Texas, March 24-27, 1968. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, a Mary­ Later, he specified that the test quake land citizen with a history of truly dedi­ would have to be about 7 on the Richter RESOLUTION 4 scale-that would be an earthquake wi't(h be­ cated service to her fellowman is about The cattle industry is in a profit squeeze. to retire. I speak of Mrs. Grace A. Mul­ tween a lOth and a 15th of the energy re­ This Association is deeply concerned and has leased in the San Francisco earthquake of authorized a study of the entire area of beef lenix, of Hagerstown, Md., who is retiring 1906. marketing in order to develop valid informa­ after 30 years of service with the Volun­ Nason said much of his own interest has tion to support decisions on marketing· pro­ teers of America. concerned earth creeping. This is seen along posals which may come up for consideration The Hagerstown, Md., Herald Mail re­ faults in the earth surface. It will cause white from time to time. cently published an editorial in tribute lines on pavement to be offset, water pipes to We have very strong reservations regarding buckle, and various other strange effects. to Mrs. Mullenix. I ask that it be printed current proposed legislation, such as the Na­ in the RECORD. Creep, Nason said, seldom is very destruc­ tional Agricultural Bargaining Act and other tive and it often does not involve any shaking similar legislative and administrative pro­ There being no objection, the editorial of the earth. posals, which we think may have undesirable was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, AKIN TO MOVEMENT IN QUAKES implications for our industry. as follows: Nevertheless, he said, it is related to the Until our marketing study has been com­ THIRTY YEARS OF SERVICE same underlying movement that causes pleted, we oppose the current legislative Hagerstown has had few persons more quakes. This is the movement causing the proposals. dedicated to his less fortunate fellowman part of California west of the San Andreas Adopted at Annual Membership Meeting, than Mrs. Grace A. Mullenix who is retiring fault to move steadly north in relation to the San Antonio, Texas, March 24-27, 1968. after 30 years of service with the Volunteers eastern part of the state. of America. The San Andreas fault is a big crack that RESOLUTION 5 The boys and girls she has helped to care starts in the San Francisco Bay region and RESOLVED that the Texas and Southwest­ for in the home's quarters on West Washing­ runs diagonally into Southern California. ern Cattle Raisers Association meeting in ton Street number in the hundreds. Adults, Branches of the fault run onto the Gulf of annual session notify the Congress of the too, have been the recipient of her wise California. United States that it strongly supports the counsel and warmth. 9924 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17; 1968

In addition to her major duties at the and religion are among our most cherished Yes, the King is dead-the Rev. Dr. Martin Volunteers, Mrs. Mullenix started a library rights in America. In his book, Strength to Luther King is dead, long five freedom's holy at the Maryland Correctional Institution. She Love, by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., we find light; protect us by Thy might, Great God, conducted Bible School for children during these words: Our King! sununer months, and supervised freezing and "Man is man because he is free to operate canning fruits and-vegetables for the poor. within the framework of his destiny. He is Mrs. Mullenix says she plans to write a free to deliberate, to make decisions, and to Pollution Conference at Houstoa novel. Should she change to non-fiction and choose alternatives. He is distinguished !rom decide to chronicle her activities "as they animals by his freedom to do evil or do were" over the past 30 years, she could have a good and to walk the high road of beauty potential bestseller. or tread the low road of ugly degeneracy." HON. WILLIAM B. SPONG, JR. The price of freedom is more than enjoy­ OF VIRGINU ing the right to act and move in one's own IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES way. The price o! freedom is not looting, Wednesday, April17, 1968 A Memorial Sermon in Tribute to Rev. Dr. rioting, killing or pitting man against man. We need to go to the inspired teachings of Mr. SPONG. Mr. President, Mr. John Martin Luther King, Jr. the Bible !or the correct meaning of free­ dom and its price to mankind. S. Lagarias, first vice president of the Psalm 8:4-5 states: ..What is man, that Air Pollution Control Association, pre­ BON. VANCE HARTKE Thou art mindful of him? And the Son of sented an informative talk on the air Man, that Thou visitest him? For Thou has pollution problem and its abatement at OF INDIANA made him a little low$" than the Angels, the recent National Pollution and Con­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ·and hast crowned him with glory and trol Exposition and Conference in Wednesday, April17, 1968 honour." Houston, Tex. Christ as a free agent !or God freely came In private life Mr. Lagarias is presi­ Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, for sev­ _to earth and freely gave so that we might dent of Resources Research Inc., of Res­ eral years I have known and been asso­ become joint heirs with Him. Nevertheless, ton, Va. While he focused primarily on ciated with a fine young minister who is Christ was despised and rejected of men, !or men love darkness rather than the twinkling matters associated with air pollution also employed by the Senate Post Office. control, Mr. Lagarias believes this prob­ He has held that employment during of a candle light. Since the time of Christ, the history of mankind will attest to this lem cannot be separated from water student days, including work at the Wes­ !act. The world has come to realize that pollution and solid waste disposal, and ley Theological Seminary here in Wash­ America must ta.ke a good. long look at her that we cannot hope to control our en­ ington. I know that many others here in dark blot on the pages of history-her grow­ vironmental problems unless we place the Senate know Ron Winters, although ing cancer-her stigma of assassinating a them in proper context with their perhaps many who know him here are man of peace, non-violence and freedom. How long can America oontinue to assassi­ sources. not aware of his dedication to service in I commend Mr. Lagarias' talk to the the ministry of a small Baptist congrega­ nate great men o! history in her attempt to assassinate truth? attention of the Senate and ask unani­ tion in Floris, Va. mous consent that it be printed 1n the Mr. Winters, on April 'l, preached a Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the most noted Civil Rights leader this nation has Extensions of Remarks. memorial sermon in tribute to Dr. Martin ever known. Winner of the Nobel Peace There being no objection, the speech Luther King, Jr. I ask unanimous con­ Prize in 1964, he was the very symbol of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, sent that this sermon, entitled "What peace and non-violence in America and the as follows: Price Freedom?" may appear in the Ex­ world. He believed deeply in freedom and tensions of Remarks. justice and in obtaining them through non­ AIR POLLUTION TODAY There being no objection. the sermon violent means, yet he died violently. (Presented at the National Pollution Control His life was pricked by the modern day Exposition and Conference, Houston, Tex., was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Judas, an assassin who sold out himself to April 3, 1968, by John S. Lagarias, first vice as follows: the anger of an unguarded moment. president, Air Pollution Control Associa­ A MEMORIAL SERMON IN Tlu:BUTE TO REV. Dr. King stated on last Wednesday night tion) Da. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.: PRICE WHAT in Memphis, "well, I don't know what will NoTE.-Mr. Lagarias is President, Re­ FREEDOM? happen now. We've got some difficult days sources Research, Inc., Reston, Virginia. a (Delivered by Rev. Ronald Winters, Sunday, ahead. But it really doesn't matter with me subsidiary of the Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. April 7, 1968, Mt. Pleasant Baptist Church, now because I have been to the mountain The Junior Chamber of Commerce has Floris, Va.) top, and I don't mind." always been active in pursuing and promot­ In the stirring language o! the Declaration God grant that we may go forth from ing activities which enhance the welfare this day with new hope, new love, new aware­ of Independence o! the United States of of our people and our country. It is to be America. we are reminded "that all men are ness, new understanding and new forgive­ commended for its sponsorship of a con­ created equal, that they are endowed by their ness. Let us go forth !rom this day not with hostillty but with holiness in our hearts. May ference designed to attack environmental Creator with certain unalienable rights, that our prayer of petition be to let the spirit of probleinS in a unified and coherent manner. among these are Ll!e, Liberty and the Pur­ the Living God !all afresh on us. Let these I am pleased to be speaking here on behalf suit of Happiness". Next to life itself, man words ring out within our souls today: too of the Air Pollution Control Association, a has always listed freedom as a prime mo­ long have we, in America, sat on the side­ national organization devoted solely to the tive and goal for living a happy, secure and lines and watched injustice subdue justice. identification of air pollution and its con­ meaningful existence. In the history o! every Too long have we reaped the fruit from the trol. The Association has had the active great nation of the world, and at an appoint­ tree after it has fallen simply because we support of all segments of our society inter­ ed time when freedom and social justice were too unconcerned to nurture and culti­ ested in cleaning and preserving our national were threatened, someone would cry out with vate the seeds of justice, freedom and equal­ air environment. Participants include not a voice that could be heard around the ity. How long will the seeds of hate and vio­ only representatives of governmental agen­ world: "I'd rather die than lose my freedom." lence continue to erode the principles of cies, but research organizations, equipment In the memorable words of that distin­ human rights and freedom? How long, oh manufacturers, the manufacturing indus­ guished statesman and orator of our coun­ Lord, how long? How long? Too long. tries, the energy industries, and the citizenry try, Patrick Henry, men still say "give me But one day we shall scale the mountain at large. liberty or give me death". In the fight :for top and see the glory of a nation fully The Air Pollution Control Association was political, social and economic freedom 1n clothed in love, brotherhood, freedom and organized in 1907, 61 years ago. It was ini­ India, Mahatma Gandhi demonstrated that righteousness. We know that 1! we walk not tially composed of municipal smoke in­ freedom was more dear to him than life in the counsel of the ungodly, we shall be spectors from 13 American and Canadian itself. In the story of America, men llke blessed. Like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., we cities. No industrial, no state or federal rep­ Abraham Lincoln and John Fitzgerald Ken­ shall be like a tree planted by the rivers o! resentatives, and no scientific people were nedy gave their lives 1n the pursuit of free­ water that bringeth forth his fruit in his involved. It now has over 4500 members. dom. Once more in America and in our season. Today, when you fly into some Of our great time, the voice of another, that of Martin What price, freedom? The price is whatever metropolitan communities, you may see a Luther King, Jr., was raised in the struggle man is willing to pay-it's whatever you can pall or haze hanging over the area like a for social justice and freedom !or all men. afford to pay. Yes, even 1! one's very life is blanket. You can very well ask, of our As­ Again the supreme price for freedom was re­ required in exchange !or freedom. Dr. King sociation, "Sixty-one yeam? What have you quired-his life. What is freedom? What price once said, "A man who is afraid of dying been doing all this time?" This is a good is further required 1! we are to realize this doesn't deserve to live". point. It has a direct bearing on the meeting eternal truth? In Proverbs 29 :25, these words of wisdom we are now having. Freedom implies the absence of hindrance, may be found: "But who so putteth his trust If organizations have been active in striv­ restraint or confinement. Freedom of speech in the Lord shall be safe." ing to achieve air pollution control, what has April 17, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF .REMARKS 9925 happened in the past 61 years that finds us bage grinder, and the computer. All these lutants; mostly, we were concerned with in more difficulty with our ai1: environment modern dev.elopments are increasing the rate pollutants as nuisances. Neither could we than existed a half-century ago? by which we use energy. aftord to wait to have every last bit of scien­ In the early twentieth century our prJmary Basically, pollution problems are associated tific information obtained. We can't wait energy source wa.s coal. Black smoke from with man-made wastes. Man is the primary now. The actions we take must be based on tall stacks was the identifying mark of a city source and he is also the primary recipient. our best judgment, however. and symbolized progress. We cannot separate the control or elimina­ As regulations became increasingly re­ The steel industry was just beginning to tion of pollution from the other related prob­ strictive, the reaction of organizations spe­ fiex its muscles. Bessemer furnaces colored lems of urbanized communities. They are cifically affected (those requiring unusual or the skyline with their fiames. The coke re­ directly related. And unless pollution elim­ large expenditures for pollution abatement quired for the steel manufacture was made ination is a part of the solution to a number equipment) was one of concern. A series in small, beehive coke ovens. The off gases of urban problems, they will not, of them­ of delaying actions took place. Companies from these ovens were black and combustion selves, be solved. affected by the regulations asked to be shown was quite incomplete. Sixty years ago the In- many ways we've been overlooking that they were the only source of pollution major pollution problem involved smoke, a some basic tenets. We know the natural and, further, that their pollutants (if any) product of incomplete combustion. resources of our country, the virgin un­ were damaging to the health or welfare of As time passed, people learned that money spoiled lands and waters, are of great value the community. "Show me where this ma­ was literally going up in smoke, that addi­ to us. We treasure them, and we despair terial is damaging to health and I'll be glad tional energy was available if combustion at the thought of losing our redwood for­ to stop it." "Show me how this gas is danger­ could be improved. Boiler operators found ests, despoiling the magnificent canyons ous and that it's only coming from my plant that, by pulverizing, the carbon content of and river valleys that nature has taken mil­ and I will do something about it." the ash could be reduced from 60 % to less lions of years to form. They are part of our This attitude of "show me" prevailed for than 1%. It was eoonomically attractive to natural heritage and a great natural re­ approximately 5 years. The problems in t h e examine the possibility of burning the fuel source. They have existed for millions of cities, however, became increasingly more more completely. The emphasis of the com­ years. On the other hand, our civilization, severe. More recently, the "show me" atti­ bustion engineer and furnace designer our way of life, has not. Yet, the wealth and tude has disappeared and it has been re­ turned to more efficient use of fuel. greatness of this country does not come placed with one of partial surrender and Around World War I, the development of from our natural resources alone. Africa, partial attack. By partial surrender, affected the underfired coke oven replaced the old South America, and the other continents industries says, "All right, if this is the cost beehive coke ovens. Then, instead of venting have similar resources, and in some in­ I have to pay for being in business, I'll clean the gases to the atmosphere where they stances, in even greater abundance. What up. Just tell me what the regulation levels fouled the countryside, the new coke ovens has characterized our country and made it are and I'll comply with them. I'm only go­ condensed and recovered part of the off gases great is the opportunity to develop and apply ing to pass them on to the consumer, any­ and burned the rest. Naphthalene, creosote, our natural wealth to the betterment of way. As long as you make my competitor pay and other coal tar derivatives became valu­ man. This wealth is seen as factories, roads, the same price, I'm willing to go along." This able by-products and the basis for new in­ schools, office buildings, and the commerce was the element of surrender by many. dustries from moth ball manufacture to and the communications systems that we The element of attack came in effectively treatment of railroad ties. Elimination of have developed. In truth, our useful wealth saying, "All right, if I'm going to have to smoke required an economic solution. A is found to a large extent in cities and comply with regulations, I will want to know similar situation occurred in the oil industry. urban communities. Another, and even more what the effects of pollutants really are. I When one has a return from cleaning up a important, natural resource is the talent intend to know more about my industry than pollutant, and there is economic justification, of the people who have created our way of any regulatory agency." And many industries there is little hesitance in applying the best life. are facing their pollution problems and are and most efficient collecting systems. The conservationist concerned with the attacking the causes and studying the effects. One of the earliest users of electrostatic preservation of our virgin forests and nat­ A number of the major studies now under precipitators was the cement industry. This ural wildlife is to be applauded and sup­ way on the effects of air pollutants are was not, however, as a pollution control de­ ported. We don't want to see these resources funded by industrial organizations. vice, but rather as a means of recovering disappear; t h ey are a vital part of our Recently this has developed another in­ potash-necessary for the production of gun heritage. teresting situation. Regulatory agencies have been saying for years, "You have to powder-for the collection of a material that But what about the people concerned with could be re-sold. In the same manner, pre­ clean up. You.'ve got to do better." Now, the resources in our communities?-both however, the situation is reversed and regu­ cipitators were used in acid plants and smelt­ the material assets that we have spent years ing operations to recover acids and valuable latory agencies are asked to establish ac­ building, and the human resources who use ceptable levels of emissions and desired levels ores. The reduction of pollution problems them? Shouldn't these people also be con­ was incidental. of air quality. Also-please justify their po­ sidered conservationists? Indeed, such work­ sition. The point I am making is: As long as there ers are concerned with the preservation of is economic attractiveness to recovering what The federal government has taken the re­ would otherwise be waste material, an incen­ our civilization as well as the protection of sponsibility of determining satisfactory air tive exists to applying controls. It is when these resources-that is the people and the quality, just as it has in setting levels of we have contaminants whose recovery has civilized complexes which they occupy. regulations for airline safety, food and drug little economic value that we find it neces­ In many ways all of us are conservationists safety criteria, and water quality levels. The sary to justify· a trade-off in installing control in this endeavor. The efforts to protect, pre­ complexity of this problem is as great as equipment which will meet existing and an­ serve, and maintain and upgrade the quality any we have in our urbanized civilization. ticipated regulations during the life of the of our environment depends, in part, on how There is another problem which is quite equipment against the cost of the equipment. successful we are in recognizing and identify­ difficult to evaluate. If we take any part of This has not been easy. ing our problems. If we do this early enough the country, whether it is Houston, Wash­ It is generally agreed tha·t our maJ.n air and plan efficiently enough, we may find that ington, or Chicago, we find that the climate pollution problems are related to our con­ we are obtaining a very good return for our (even without pollution) is unsuitable for a sumption and increased use of energy efforts. certain number of people. Some people can't sources. They also follow closely the rate of In many industrial organizations, a trans­ stand cold winters, others heat. Some are urbanization and the development of mega­ formation has taken place that is not well allergic to horses, others to ragweed. Nature lopolises. We are especially aware of pollu­ recognized. Most of the pollution control just does not accommodate all people to all tion in major metropolitan industrialized equipment used to control pollution prob­ places. In the main, man has been able to areas-London, Tokyo, New York, Ohicago, lems 20 years ago was designed to comply adapt himself to Nature's challenges with and Los Angeles, for example. While the basic with arbitrary and vague performance stand­ fur coats, sun helmets, air conditioners and problems in these cities differ somewhat, they ards. For many years the basic pollution other man-made devices. The pollutants of are all related to a common characteristic of guideline in the power generating field, for civilization add one more factor to this prob­ our civilization-the crowding together of example, was developed voluntarily by a lem. If we are going to make our community people in closer and closer proximity. technical society. It was adopted by many air quality acceptable, where do we draw the We must also be aware that, even though communities, incorrect spelling and all. It line? Do we make it safe for 80 % of our popu­ our control methods become more efficient, a was not related to effects or standards but lation? 90 % ? 99.9 % ? 99.99 % ? Do we control small contribution from each of many just an index of what could be done with our pollution to the point where 100 % of the sources may result, under some conditions, in existing technology. population is not affected? This is a little pollutant concentrations greater than our About ten years ago, pollution problems difficult to do when Nature itself may be local atmosphere can handle--and we may became increasingly more severe. One could limiting the acceptable levels to 98% . We may still have problems. see smog conditions occurring more fre­ be trying to establish air quality at levels Our pollution problems are closely related quently. People with more spare time to look which may be more restrictive than those of to other urban activities. They cannot be around, and more affiuence, demanded action. Nature. This calls for the judgment of separated from urban redevelopment, from Many regulations were promulgated during Solomon. mass transit, from the development of high­ this period. However, we had no real stand­ There is a greater problem, however: The rise apartments, from the use of all types of ards, no effective guidelines to go by. We danger that an extended air pollution dis­ modern facilities-the dishwasher, the gar- knew very little about the effects of pol- aster may occur in one or more of our major 9926 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 17, 1968 urban communities. This danger is real and Later, he served on the staff of Gov. J . For example, Ladd reports the following: is getting worse. In dealing with this particu­ Millard Tawes as a trusted advisor. "As a senator in 1954, Johnson opposed lar problem, we cannot afford to be lax at In his long years in state service, 1n sen­ · military intervention in Vietnam. As the all. We must have the mechanisms and the sitive roles, Russ McCain was unique, in one Vice President in 1961, he uniformly en­ control devices to prevent the combination respect. Although a sitting duck, so to speak, dorsed it. As a candidate for President in of Nature and man from creating disasters. because of his otllcial position, Russ McCain, 1964, he reverted to his nonintervention Since Nature is less pliable than man, we like many other public otllcials, was a tar­ policy of ten years earlier. During the 1964 must work on the control measures which get for barbs of criticism from general pub­ election campaign, he said: 'Some others will prevent disasters from occurring. I be­ lic and from politician. are eager to enlarge the conflict. They call lieve this is the largest single area of respon­ But, because of his zeal, his nature, his upon us to supply American boys to do the sibility to those working in the field of air equanimity, and his knowledge, Russ Mc­ job that Asian boys should do. They ask us pollution control. It is a very real threat and Cain today, as he nears retirement, probably to take reckless actions which might risk the one to which we must devote a substantial bears fewer scars resulting from public at­ lives of millions and engulf much of Asia amount of effort. When you recall that our re­ tack than any other upper echelon public and certainly threaten the peace of the sources, urban and human, are the very as­ servant in modern times. entire world. Moreover, such action would sets we are trying to protect, we can readily For all of his contributions, this state is a offer no solution at all to the real problem of see that we are conservationists in preventing better one. Vietnam.' this type of disaster from occurring. "Johnson delivered numerous other The Air Pollution Control Association, and speeches which made clear his opposition to all its 4500 members, is concerned With see­ sending 'American boy6 nine to ten thousand ing to it-working with our government Crisis in Credibility miles from home,' to bombing North Viet­ agencies, our industries, our scientific com­ nam, and to getting 'involved in a nation munity, our public and our communications with 700,000,000 people (China) and ... media-that we do not have a situation face HON. CHARLES H. PERCY tied down in a land war in Asia.' " us which can be every bit as disastrous as a OF ILLINOIS The record of Robert S. McNamara, Secre­ flood or an earthquake. If we do develop pro­ tary of Defense under both Kennedy and tection against this, then our own civ111za­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Johnson, is another case cited by Ladd. tion cannot be blamed in its entirety for be­ Wednesday, April17, 1968 McNamara made the folloWing statements ing the cause of disasters. after each of his nine visits to Vietnam. I am confident that this Conference and Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I would May 1962-"There is no plan for introduc­ the forces which hopefully will flow back like to strongly recommend to my col­ ing combat forces into South Vietnam." from it to your organizations when you leave leagues a new book entitled, "Crisis in October 1963-"The major part of the here, will make a significant contribution Credibility." It was written by an out­ United States m1litary task can be completed toward strengthening our control over a man­ standing young man named Bruce Ladd, by the end of 1965, although there may be a made adversary which, like liberty, will re­ whom it has been my privilege to know continuing requirement for a 11m1ted num­ quire eternal vigilance in the years to come ber of United States training personnel." if we are to protect the environment on for many years. He is intelligent, in­ December 1963-"We have every reason to which our welfare depends. cisive, and knowledgeable, and these believe that (United States m111tary) plans qualities come through on every page of Will be successful in 1964." his book. "Crisis in Credibility" has been March 1964--"We are confident these plans Retirement of Russell H. McCain carefully researched and thoughtfully point the way to victory." written, and it deserves the attention of May 1964--"This is a war for the confi­ everyone interested in truth in govern­ dence of the people and the security of these HON. JOSEPH D. TYDINGS ment. people . . . Reliance on military proosure OF MARYLAND upon the North would not be a proper The St. Louis Globe-Democrat of response." IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 9 and the Omaha World-Herald November 1965-"We have stopped losing Wednesday, April17, 1968 of March 3 each reviewed the book. I ask the war." unanimous consent that they be inserted October 1966-"The rate of progress has ex­ Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, Mr. at this point in the RECORD. ceeded our expectations. I saw nothing that Russell H. McCain, a distinguished pub­ There being no objection, the reviews in any way indicates a substantial change in lic servant in the State of Maryland, were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the rate of operations, the tempo of opera­ recently retired after 23 years of State as follows: tions, the type of operations in the months service. Mr. McCain has served in anum­ ahead." ber of very responsible positions under [By the St. Louis (Mo.) Globe-Democrat, July 1967-"Substantial progress has been Governors of both parties and retires as Mar. 9, 1968] achieved on virtually all fronts, political, eco­ RIGHT TO LIE OR RIGHT To KNOW nomic, and military, since my previous visit program executive for transportation for to Vietnam." Gov. Spiro T. Agnew. ("Crisis in Credibi11ty" by Bruce Ladd (New American Library) $5.50; reviewed by It was Arthur Sylvester, for six years under The Salisbury Times recently pub­ Martin Quigley) McNamara the director of the Pentagon's lished an appropriate editorial in recog­ public information staff of 3000, who uttered nition of Mr. McCain's service. I ask The thesis of this detailed and conscien­ the concept that government has the "inher­ tious compilation and anaylsis of govern­ ent ... right, if necessary, to lie." After­ unanimous consent that the editorial be mental statements and manipulation of in­ printed in the RECORD. ward, he denied it but an authentic tape formation is that the government's "right to recording verified by Stanford Smith, general There being no objection, the editorial lie" has taken the upper hand over the manager of the American Newspaper Pub­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, people's "right to know". lisher Association, established that he had as follows: Bruce Ladd points out that every admin­ said just that. END OF THE LINE istration since Washington's has, on occasion The false statements made by the execu­ This is the final week in official harness and to some extent, exercised the presiden­ tive branch are by no means limited to those for one CYf the most dedicated, efficient and tial power to Withhold information from the which may be described, or reconciled, as likeable personages on the payroll of the COngress and the people. But, he charges, it errors of judgment, nor are they confined to State of Maryland. is only 1n the administrations since World false statements which may have been issued Russell H . Mccain is retiring April 1 after War II-and especially in the Johnson ad­ to "confuse of deceive" the enemy-such as 23 years of state service. ministration-that this presidential power those made in connection With the U-2 in­ Over the years, the administra-tion changed has been used to create a bureaucratic prop­ cident, the lost hydrogen bomb, the Bay of many times. But whether or not it switched aganda machine which on vital issues has Pigs, the Cuban missile crisis, or the Pueblo from Democra-tic to Republican or vice versa, deceived Congress, the press, and the people, affair. each incoming governor, recognizing Russ "The Widening scope of government secrecy, Ladd reports in detail false and misleading McCain's ab111ty, kept him close by. lying, and news management contributes to statements made about the annual fiscal Due to his age, Russ McCain bows out of a trend that threatens the basis of democ­ budget; the cost and performance of an as­ state service as program executive for trans­ racy", he says. sortment of weaponry; the economic, tech­ p ortation for Gov. Spiro T. Agnew, a Re­ Ladd, a young reporter-editor from Il­ nological and military pay-offs of the moon publican. linois, has served as staff assistant to Senator program, and With other developments and During the administrations of Govs. Her­ Charles H: Percy and to Congressman Donald situations that occurred during the Truman, bert R. O'Conor and W111iam Preston Lane Rumsfeld of Illinois, both Republicans. Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson adminis­ Jr., Democrats, Russ McCain served them as Democratic supporters of President Johnson trations. a member of the State Roads Commission. who may seek to dismiss his charges as elec­ He relates how, two months after assuming When Theodore R. McKeldin, a Republican, tion-year political ammunition are oon­ the Presidency, Johnson assembled the in­ was governor, he made Russ McCain chair­ !ronted, however, with the on-the-record formation directors of a dozen Federal de­ m an of the commission. !acts With which he supports his thesis. partments for a meeting in the White House. April 18, 1.96Q CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 9927 "He (President_Johnson) co:g;>.plalned that and with departmental announcements, and distinguished -Citizen, who is retiring as during the preceding. week the o~y- story to confirmed ne~ reports that . show beyond business manager and treasurer of Wash· receive sl.gnificant treatment from -the ~ws question that the original intent was to ington College. media was the ltghting of the President's mislead the Ari:terican people. Christmas tree. .:S:e laid gown a law that each Ladd plays no favorites. He is as punish­ The Kent County News recently pub­ member of the group was to produce a 'p~ge ing and uncompromising with President lished an editorial in tribute to Mr. one' story every day to describe the adminis­ Eisenhower on the U-2 spy plane as he is Dwnschott. I ask unanimous consent tration's accomplishments. He said that he with President Kennedy on the Bay of Pigs that it be printed in the RECORD. had checked the budget and found that the fiasco and President Johnson on the Do­ There being no objection, the editorial government was spending a billion dollars on minican brouhaha and Vietnam. None of it was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, 'people like you.' In departing, he warne~: is pretty and most of i:t is appalling. After as follows: 'We are not going to be paying you on space pondering this study you may well be in rates, but we'll be judging you that way.'-" the uncomfortable position of refusing to THE OLD, THE NEW The best hope Ladd sees for insuring ac­ believe anything any Federal official from The testimonial dinner for Fred W. curate and responsible information to Con­ the President on down says about anything. "Dutch" Dumschott, for more than 45 years gress and the people from the executive It would be an injustice to Ladd's closely of devoted service to Washington College branch of government is a partnership be .. reasoned study to attempt an analysis in and the community of Chestertown, takes tween the people ("who can vigorously and the space available here, but I hope you on added significance--last Saturady, his re­ angrlly express their disapproval when the will take my word for it that his book is quest for retirement in June, was granted government is caught in a lie or when the worth reading. It has drive and substance by the Board of Visitors and Governors of truth is withheld") and the news media ("if and, in a Presidential election year, it has, Washington College. they will be more attentive to their inde­ it seems to me, great importance. Fortunately, for the College, at least, his pendent watch-dog role.") Mrs. Lincoln's book is of a. different kid­ retirement will not be complete. He is re­ But fundamentally the responsibility is ney entirely. It is readable but woefully linquishing the burdens of business man­ that of the citizens: "In the last analysis, the slight. Indeed, I suspect it is made up of ager and treasurer but will continue in an solution for correcting the 1lls of democracy what was left over in notes and memories advisory capacity as vice president for fi­ is more democracy. Those who say nothing from her fine "My Twelve Years With John nance and retain his position as secretary can be done are clearly wrong." F. Kennedy" of 1965. to the governing board. Its only importance is the light it casts For fear of encroaching upon the program [From the Omaha (Nebr.) World-Herald, on Lyndon Johnson as Vice-Presidential with which he will be feted on April 6, no Mar. 3, 1968) candidate and Vice-President under JFK. It attempt will be made to chronicle here the A STUDY IN DEPTH OF THE CREDmiLITY GAP examines in some detail President Johnson's many and varied services '"Dutch" has con­ vanity, the dodges he employed in wanting tributed to the community, above and be­ ("Crisis in Credibility" by Bruce Ladd, yond his duties at the College. Retiring by (New American Library, 247 pages, $5.50.)) to seem close to President Kennedy, his hu­ morous attempts to share Kennedy's plane nature-certainly not a publicity-seeker­ ("Kennedy and Johnson" by Evelyn Lincoln after repeated rebuffs, his total failure as many of his noteworthy services have gone (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 207 pages, legislative leader during the "rump" Con­ unnoticed by the public at large. $4.95.)) gress and his almost ludicrous attempts to There is a bright side, though. The curtail­ Hugh Sidey, the White House correspond­ make it look like Kennedy had begged him ment of his activities at the College will en­ ent of Time, speaking in Omaha recently, to be his running mate in 1962. able him, it is hoped, to give even more time chaj"acterized President Johnson as a "devi­ The only real revelation in Mrs. Lincoln's to community affairs. ous, vain and mean man." The President, he book is her statement that Kennedy had de­ Mr. Dumschott had the pleasure on Sat­ added, sometimes sees things as he wants cided to discard Johnson in 1964. Robert urday of hearing his recommendation for them to be, not as they actually are. This, Kennedy denied this the other day. With his successor as business ~anager and treas­ Sidey said, is one reason many Americans "Crisis in Credibility" still fresh in my mind, urer at the College accepted. Taking over have come to distrust the President's words. I'll string along with Mrs. Lincoln. those duties will be the present bursar, Both Bruce Ladd, in his thoroughly docu­ Robert C. Simmonds. He will carry with him mented study of the "credibility gap," and the best wishes of all who have an interest in Mrs. Lincoln, in a further memoir, support the College with the prime hope that he that estimate of the President in particular Retirement of Fred W. Dumschott will do as well in the positions as his predeces­ and the United States Government in general. sor over the past quarter of a century. Ladd's credentials are excellent. He has been a. newspaperman, press secreta.ry to HON. JOSEPH D. TYDINGS Senator Charles H. Percy of Illinois, assistant 0:1' MARYLAND The "Pueblo"-How Long, Mr. President? to Representative Donald Rums-feld of Illi­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES nois, and is a lecturer at the Washington Journalism Center. Mrs. Lincoln, of course, Wednesday, April17, 1968 was John F. Kennedy's personal secretary for HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE many years. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, citizens OF IOWA So far as I know, Ladd's is the first study of Chestertown, Md., and associates of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in depth of our Government's "news man­ Washington College recently honored a agement" and, Ladd says, "outright lying." distinguished Marylander for his 45 Wednesday, April17,1968 His method is to take the official statements years of devoted service to college and Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, this is of our leaders on a given subject and then community. the 86th day the U.S.S. Pueblo and her contrast them with their later statements Fred W. "Dutch" Dwnschott is this crew have been in North Korean hands.

SENATE-Thursday, April 18, 1968